| 1. |
- Kimberling, W. J., et al.
(författare)
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Linkage of Usher syndrome type I gene (USH1B) to the long arm of chromosome 11
- 1992
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Ingår i: Genomics. - 0888-7543 .- 1089-8646. ; 14:4, s. 988-994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Usher syndrome is the most commonly recognized cause of combined visual and hearing loss in technologically developed countries. There are several different types and all are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. There may be as many as five different genes responsible for at least two closely related phenotypes. The nature of the gene defects is unknown, and positional cloning strategies are being employed to identify the genes. This is a report of the localization of one gene for Usher syndrome type I to chromosome 11q, probably distal to marker D11S527. Another USH1 gene had been previously localized to chromosome 14q, and this second localization establishes the existence of a new and independent locus for Usher syndrome.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ledin, T., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of balance training in elderly evaluated by clinical tests and dynamic posturography
- 1991
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Ingår i: Journal of Vestibular Research-Equilibrium & Orientation. - 0957-4271 .- 1878-6464. ; 1:2, s. 129-138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All persons aged 70 through 75 years (N = 457) in a Swedish community were invited to participate in a 9 week balance training study. Out of 55 interested subjects, 15 were chosen at random for a study group; 15 matched controls were also selected. Before and after the investigation period the balance function was assessed by clinical balance tests and dynamic posturography. In the clinical balance tests, the training group significantly improved their balance standing on one leg with eyes closed as well as standing on one leg while shaking the head; they also walked 15 m back and forth faster. In the dynamic posturography the training group significantly improved their equilibrium scores in the 3 most difficult test conditions. The results of the control group were unchanged except for one test condition in the dynamic posturography. The differences in one-leg standing with head shaking, walking 2 x 15 m, and the equilibrium score using sway-referenced platform in dynamic posturography were proved to be attributable to the training. The first investigation in all 29 subjects formed normative dynamic posturography data for the age group 70 through 75 years. The normative posturographic data of this age group differed from previously obtained data in the age groups 20 through 59 and 60 through 69 years. It is concluded that elderly may improve their balance by regular balance training exercises for as short a period as 9 weeks. This might prove to be of great value in improving balance and thereby preventing accidental falls and subsequent fractures in elderly.
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| 5. |
- Kimberling, W. J., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic studies of Usher syndrome
- 1991
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Ingår i: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0077-8923 .- 1749-6632. ; 630:1, s. 167-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Kimberling, William J., et al.
(författare)
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Localization of Usher syndrome type II to chromosome 1q
- 1990
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Ingår i: Genomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0888-7543 .- 1089-8646. ; 7:2, s. 245-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Usher syndrome is characterized by congenital hearing loss, progressive visual impairment due to retinitis pigmentosa, and variable vestibular problems. The two subtypes of Usher syndrome, types I and II, can be distinguished by the degree of hearing loss and by the presence or absence of vestibular dysfunction. Type I is characterized by a profound hearing loss and totally absent vestibular responses, while type II has a milder hearing loss and normal vestibular function. Fifty-five members of eight type II Usher syndrome families were typed for three DNA markers in the distal region of chromosome 1q: D1S65 (pEKH7.4), REN (pHRnES1.9), and D1S81 (pTHH33). Statistically significant linkage was observed for Usher syndrome type II with a maximum multipoint lod score of 6.37 at the position of the marker THH33, thus localizing the Usher type II (USH2) gene to 1q. Nine families with type I Usher syndrome failed to show linkage to the same three markers. The statistical test for heterogeneity of linkage between Usher syndrome types I and II was highly significant, thus demonstrating that they are due to mutations at different genetic loci.
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| 7. |
- Leisner, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Pulse Plating as Cleaner Technology
- 1994
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Ingår i: Plating and Coating Today. ; :4, s. 11-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Leisner, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Pulse Plating used for Life-Cycle Design
- 1994
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Ingår i: Electroplating and Surface Treatment (Galvanotekhnika i Obrabotka Poverkhnosti). - 0869-5326. ; 3, s. 20-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Möller, Jan V A, 1953
(författare)
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Industrial Buying Behavior and Technical Complexity: A Comparative Study of Two Product Cases
- 1993
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The study reported in this thesis aims to describe and explain industrial buying behavior. It is based on data from two product cases, chosen to be different in technical complexity in terms of product and application. The assumption of significant differences in buying behavior is confirmed when comparing the buying activities of a technically complex and a less complex product. More individuals, company functions, and hierarchical levels are involved in the purchasing of technically more complex products. Significant differences also exist in these numbers when straight rebuys, modified rebuys, and new task buying are compared. Similar differences are evident regarding the calendar time to process a purchase. The general theories of a well-defined and clear-cut buying process, always starting from scratch and closed by the supplier decision, are not confirmed. Instead, the buying activities can be said to pass through different buying loops. The activities included are dependent on former loops. Each loop adds to earlier loops. One loop can be significantly different from the other, even when the same product is purchased in the same company. A supplier decision is only perceived to occur in modified rebuys and new tasks. The most frequent decision is to remain with the present supplier. The buying loops are unexpectedly simple and routinized when technically less complex products are bought. Most loops are of a highly routinized and undramatic straight rebuy character. When buying technically more complex products, the straight rebuy loop is more similar to the modified rebuy loop. Most buying loops are modified rebuy loops. New task occurs very seldom. Long-term, stable buyer-supplier relations exist, regardless of technical complexity. A number of buyer roles are suggested to summarize the influence patterns. The executor executes the process, in straight rebuys often quite independently, as the buying is essentially a prolongation of the former buying loops. The determinators are particularly influential in evaluation and decision phases. Most functional categories involved serve as gatekeepers. When considering a large installation of the complex product studied, the determinators often serve as the initiators of the process, or otherwise most often the executors. Two explanatory factors have been identified as especially powerful to explain the differences in buying behavior when comparing the buying of a technically complex and a technically less complex product, viz. the perceived switching cost and the perceived uncertainty. It can be proposed that the ambitions to decrease switching cost and uncertainty explain the overall buying behavior. A buyer may also prefer to stay in a relation to avoid uncertainty and short-term switching costs. Among the dependent variables, two were identified as having the greatest discrimination power, viz. qualitative analysis and technical negotiations. Variations in both of these variables are directly connected to the differences in technical complexity.
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| 11. |
- Olsson, H., et al.
(författare)
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Early oral contraceptive use and premenopausal breast cancer--a review of studies performed in southern Sweden.
- 1991
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Ingår i: Cancer Detection and Prevention. - 0361-090X. ; 15:4, s. 265-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In southern Sweden, extensive oral contraceptive use (OC use) among young women was a reality during the 1960s, thus making our region especially suited for studies investigating the hypothesis that early OC use is associated with the development of premenopausal breast cancer after a possible latency time between the exposure and the disease. The results of this study revealed that the risk of developing premenopausal breast cancer in women, who during the 1960s used the pill as teenagers, is five times greater than nonusers. The risk for early users is further modified by the duration of use at an early age, implying a dose-response relationship. Later use of OCs is not associated with an increased risk for the disease. Women with breast cancer, who at an early age have used the pill, have larger breast tumors, lower estrogen receptor concentrations of their primary tumor, and a worse prognosis compared with later and nonusers with breast cancer. The incidence of breast cancer in Sweden rapidly increased in women 25 to 40 years of age between 1970 and 1984. Conventional risk factors or a change in diagnostic activities of breast cancer cannot explain the increase in incidence which could be due to the OC exposure. Studies on the risk with modern OCs must wait another 20 years because of a too short latency time.
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| 12. |
- Pieke Dahl, S, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic heterogeneity of Usher syndrome type II
- 1993
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Genetics. - : BMJ Group. - 0022-2593 .- 1468-6244. ; 30:10, s. 843-848
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Usher syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterised by retinitis pigmentosa and congenital sensorineural hearing loss. A gene for Usher syndrome type II (USH2) has been localised to chromosome 1q32-q41. DNA from a family with four of seven sibs affected with clinical characteristics of Usher syndrome type II was genotyped using markers spanning the 1q32-1q41 region. These included D1S70 and D1S81, which are believed to flank USH2. Genotypic results and subsequent linkage analysis indicated non-linkage of this family to these markers. The A test analysis for heterogeneity with this family and 32 other Usher type II families was statistically significant at p < 0.05. Further clinical evaluation of this family was done in light of the linkage results to determine if any phenotypic characteristics would allow for clinical identification of the unlinked type. No clear phenotypic differences were observed; however, this unlinked family may represent a previously unreported subtype of Usher type II characterised by a milder form of retinitis pigmentosa and mild vestibular abnormalities. Heterogeneity of Usher syndrome type II complicates efforts to isolate and clone Usher syndrome genes using linkage analysis and limits the use of DNA markers in early detection of Usher type II.
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| 13. |
- Smith, R. J., et al.
(författare)
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Clinical diagnosis of the Usher syndromes : Usher Syndrome Consortium
- 1994
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Ingår i: American Journal of Medical Genetics. - : Wiley. - 0148-7299 .- 1096-8628. ; 50:1, s. 32-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Usher syndromes are genetically distinct disorders which share specific phenotypic characteristics. This paper describes a set of clinical criteria recommended for the diagnosis of Usher syndrome type I and Usher syndrome type II. These criteria have been adopted by the Usher Syndrome Consortium and are used in studies reported by members of this Consortium.
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| 14. |
- Westerdahl, J, et al.
(författare)
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Use of sunbeds or sunlamps and malignant melanoma in southern Sweden
- 1994
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - 0002-9262. ; 140:8, s. 9-691
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a population-based, matched case-control study from the South Swedish Health Care Region, which has the highest risk for melanoma in Sweden, the relation between the use of sunbeds or sunlamps and malignant melanoma was investigated. Between July 1, 1988, and June 30, 1990, a total of 400 melanoma patients and 640 healthy controls aged 15-75 years answered a comprehensive questionnaire containing different epidemiologic variables. Questions regarding the use of sunbeds or sunlamps were included. The odds ratio for developing malignant melanoma after ever having used sunbeds or sunlamps was 1.3. Considering all age groups, the odds ratio was significantly elevated after exposure more than 10 times a year to sunbeds or sunlamps (odds ratio (OR) = 1.8). When the study was restricted to patients and controls younger than age 30 years because the use of tanning devices is much more common among young persons, the odds ratio was higher (OR = 7.7 for more than 10 times a year vs. none). These findings were independent of constitutional factors and factors regarding sun exposure. A dose-response relation was evident. Furthermore, among melanoma patients in this young age group, the ratio of females to males was significantly higher than in older patients. When different melanoma presentation sites were considered, only lesions of the trunk were significantly associated with sunbed or sunlamp use (OR = 4.2 for more than 10 times a year vs. none).
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