| 1. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Aguilar-Vazquez, A, et al.
(författare)
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Impaired muscle strength is associated with ultrastructure damage in myositis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1, s. 17671-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The muscle fiber ultrastructure in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIM) has been scarcely explored, especially in Inclusion Body Myositis. The aim of this study was to implement the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in a small cohort of IIM patients, together with the characterization of immunological profile for a better understanding of the pathophysiology. For immunological profile characterization, we identified the presence of autoantibodies (Ro-52, OJ, EJ, PL7, PL12, SRP, Jo-1, PMScl75, PMScl100, Ku, SAE1, NXP2, MDA5, TIF1γ, Mi-2α, Mi-2β) and quantified cytokines (IL-1β, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-23, IL-33) and chemokines (CCL2, CXCL8). The histological analysis was made by hematoxylin–eosin staining while the muscle fiber ultrastructure was characterized by SEM. We observed changes in the morphology and structure of the muscle fiber according to muscle strength and muscle enzymes. We were able to find and describe muscle fiber ultrastructure with marked irregularities, porosities, disruption in the linearity and integrity of the fascicle, more evident in patients with increased serum levels of muscle enzymes and diminished muscle strength. Despite the scarce reports about the use of SEM as a tool in all clinical phenotypes of IIM, our work provides an excellent opportunity to discuss and reframe the clinical usefulness of SEM in the diagnostic approach of IIM.
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| 10. |
- Harris, Ted D., et al.
(författare)
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What makes a cyanobacterial bloom disappear? : A review of the abiotic and biotic cyanobacterial bloom loss factors
- 2024
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Ingår i: Harmful Algae. - : Elsevier. - 1568-9883 .- 1878-1470. ; 133
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyanobacterial blooms present substantial challenges to managers and threaten ecological and public health. Although the majority of cyanobacterial bloom research and management focuses on factors that control bloom initiation, duration, toxicity, and geographical extent, relatively little research focuses on the role of loss processes in blooms and how these processes are regulated. Here, we define a loss process in terms of population dynamics as any process that removes cells from a population, thereby decelerating or reducing the development and extent of blooms. We review abiotic (e.g., hydraulic flushing and oxidative stress/UV light) and biotic factors (e.g., allelopathic compounds, infections, grazing, and resting cells/programmed cell death) known to govern bloom loss. We found that the dominant loss processes depend on several system specific factors including cyanobacterial genera -specific traits, in situ physicochemical conditions, and the microbial, phytoplankton, and consumer community composition. We also address loss processes in the context of bloom management and discuss perspectives and challenges in predicting how a changing climate may directly and indirectly affect loss processes on blooms. A deeper understanding of bloom loss processes and their underlying mechanisms may help to mitigate the negative consequences of cyanobacterial blooms and improve current management strategies.
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| 11. |
- Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A., Professor, et al.
(författare)
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Global Lake Health in the Anthropocene : Societal Implications and Treatment Strategies
- 2024
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Ingår i: Earth's Future. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2328-4277. ; 12:4
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The world's 1.4 million lakes (>= 10 ha) provide many ecosystem services that are essential for human well-being; however, only if their health status is good. Here, we reviewed common lake health issues and classified them using a simple human health-based approach to outline that lakes are living systems that are in need of oxygen, clean water and a balanced energy and nutrient supply. The main reason for adopting some of the human health terminology for the lake health classification is to increase the awareness and understanding of global lake health issues. We show that lakes are exposed to various anthropogenic stressors which can result in many lake health issues, ranging from thermal, circulatory, respiratory, nutritional and metabolic issues to infections and poisoning. Of particular concern for human well-being is the widespread lake drying, which is a severe circulatory issue with many cascading effects on lake health. We estimated that similar to 115,000 lakes evaporate twice as much water as they gain from direct precipitation, making them vulnerable to potential drying if inflowing waters follow the drying trend, putting more than 153 million people at risk who live in close vicinity to those lakes. Where lake health issues remain untreated, essential ecosystem services will decline or even vanish, posing a threat to the well-being of millions of people. We recommend coordinated multisectoral and multidisciplinary prevention and treatment strategies, which need to include a follow-up of the progress and an assessment of the resilience of lakes to intensifying threats. Priority should be given to implementing sewage water treatment, mitigating climate change, counteracting introductions of non-native species to lakes and decreasing uncontrolled anthropogenic releases of chemicals into the hydro-, bio-, and atmosphere. Lakes around the world come in an array of sizes, shapes and colors, each telling a unique story of geological history and environmental importance. When lakes are healthy they contribute to the achievement of the global sustainable development goals by providing many important ecosystem services. Lakes are, however, not always healthy. Here, it is shown that lakes can suffer from a large variety of health issues, ranging from thermal, circulatory, respiratory, nutritional and metabolic issues to infections and poisoning. Without improved treatment strategies, many of the health issues may become chronic, affecting millions of people who are dependent on the ecosystem services from the lakes. To prevent and cure lakes from critical health conditions, strategies that are similar to those used in human healthcare should be applied: intervention and preventative actions before health problems occur, regular screening and early identification of lake health issues, and remediation and mitigation efforts at an appropriate scale, spanning from local to global. Anthropogenic stressors can cause lake health issues that range from thermal, circulatory, respiratory, nutritional and metabolic issues to infections and poisoning Lake health varies geographically, with the highest risk of critical conditions occurring in densely populated low-income countries There is an urgent need to follow-up the progress of treatments and to make adjustments whenever needed
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| 12. |
- Reinl, Kaitlin L., et al.
(författare)
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Blooms also like it cold
- 2023
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Ingår i: Limnology and Oceanography Letters. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2378-2242. ; 8:4, s. 546-564
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cyanobacterial blooms have substantial direct and indirect negative impacts on freshwater ecosystems including releasing toxins, blocking light needed by other organisms, and depleting oxygen. There is growing concern over the potential for climate change to promote cyanobacterial blooms, as the positive effects of increasing lake surface temperature on cyanobacterial growth are well documented in the literature; however, there is increasing evidence that cyanobacterial blooms are also being initiated and persisting in relatively cold-water temperatures (< 15 °C), including ice-covered conditions. In this work, we provide evidence of freshwater cold-water cyanobacterial blooms, review abiotic drivers and physiological adaptations leading to these blooms, offer a typology of these lesser-studied cold-water cyanobacterial blooms, and discuss their occurrence under changing climate conditions.
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| 13. |
- Woolway, R. Iestyn, et al.
(författare)
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Phenological shifts in lake stratification under climate change
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the most important physical characteristics driving lifecycle events in lakes is stratification. Already subtle variations in the timing of stratification onset and break-up (phenology) are known to have major ecological effects, mainly by determining the availability of light, nutrients, carbon and oxygen to organisms. Despite its ecological importance, historic and future global changes in stratification phenology are unknown. Here, we used a lake-climate model ensemble and long-term observational data, to investigate changes in lake stratification phenology across the Northern Hemisphere from 1901 to 2099. Under the high-greenhouse-gas-emission scenario, stratification will begin 22.0 +/- 7.0 days earlier and end 11.3 +/- 4.7 days later by the end of this century. It is very likely that this 33.3 +/- 11.7 day prolongation in stratification will accelerate lake deoxygenation with subsequent effects on nutrient mineralization and phosphorus release from lake sediments. Further misalignment of lifecycle events, with possible irreversible changes for lake ecosystems, is also likely.
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| 14. |
- Yeoh, SA, et al.
(författare)
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Factors associated with severe COVID-19 in people with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry
- 2022
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Ingår i: RMD open. - : BMJ. - 2056-5933. ; 8:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate factors associated with severe COVID-19 in people with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM).MethodsDemographic data, clinical characteristics and COVID-19 outcome severity of adults with IIM were obtained from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry. A 3-point ordinal COVID-19 severity scale was defined: (1) no hospitalisation, (2) hospitalisation (and no death) and (3) death. ORs were estimated using multivariable ordinal logistic regression. Sensitivity analyses were performed using a 4-point ordinal scale: (1) no hospitalisation, (2) hospitalisation with no oxygen (and no death), (3) hospitalisation with oxygen/ventilation (and no death) and 4) death.ResultsOf 348 patients, 48% were not hospitalised, 39% were hospitalised (and did not die) and 13% died. Older age (OR=1.59/decade, 95% CI 1.31 to 1.91), high disease activity (OR=3.50, 95% CI 1.25 to 9.83; vs remission), ≥2 comorbidities (OR=2.63, 95% CI 1.39 to 4.98; vs none), prednisolone-equivalent dose >7.5 mg/day (OR=2.40, 95% CI 1.09 to 5.28; vs no intake) and exposure to rituximab (OR=2.71, 95% CI 1.28 to 5.72; vs conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs only) were independently associated with severe COVID-19. In addition to these variables, in the sensitivity analyses, male sex (OR range: 1.65–1.83; vs female) was also significantly associated with severe outcomes, while COVID-19 diagnosis after 1 October 2020 (OR range: 0.51–0.59; vs on/before 15 June 2020) was significantly associated with less severe outcomes, but these associations were not significant in the main model (OR=1.57, 95% CI 0.95 to 2.59; and OR=0.61, 95% CI 0.37 to 1.00; respectively).ConclusionsThis is the first large registry data on outcomes of COVID-19 in people with IIM. Older age, male sex, higher comorbidity burden, high disease activity, prednisolone-equivalent dose >7.5 mg/day and rituximab exposure were associated with severe COVID-19. These findings will enable risk stratification and inform management decisions for patients with IIM.
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| 15. |
- Yeoh, SA, et al.
(författare)
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FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERE COVID-19 OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHY: RESULTS FROM THE COVID-19 GLOBAL RHEUMATOLOGY ALLIANCE PHYSICIAN-REPORTED REGISTRY
- 2022
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Ingår i: ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 81, s. 165-166
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a paucity of data in the literature about the outcome of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2.ObjectivesTo investigate factors associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes in patients with IIM.MethodsData on demographics, number of comorbidities, region, COVID-19 time period, physician-reported disease activity, anti-rheumatic medication exposure at the clinical onset of COVID-19, and COVID-19 outcomes of IIM patients were obtained from the voluntary COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry of adults with rheumatic disease (from 17 March 2020 to 27 August 2021). An ordinal COVID-19 severity scale was used as primary outcome of interest, with each outcome category being mutually exclusive from the other:a) no hospitalization, b) hospitalization (and no death), or c) death. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using multivariable ordinal logistic regression. In ordinal logistic regression, the effect size of a categorical predictor can be interpreted as the odds of being one level higher on the ordinal COVID-19 severity scale than the reference category.ResultsComplete hospitalization and death outcome data was available in 348 IIM cases. Mean age was 53 years, and 223 (64.1%) were female. Overall, 167/348 (48.0%) people were not hospitalized, 136/348 (39.1%) were hospitalized (and did not die), and 45/348 (12.9%) died. Older age (OR=1.59 per decade of life, 95%CI 1.32-1.93), male sex (OR=1.63, 95%CI 1.004-2.64; versus female), high disease activity (OR=4.05, 95%CI 1.29-12.76; versus remission), presence of two or more comorbidities (OR=2.39, 95%CI 1.22-4.68; versus none), prednisolone-equivalent dose >7.5 mg/day (OR=2.37, 95%CI 1.27-4.44; versus no glucocorticoid intake), and exposure to rituximab (OR=2.60, 95%CI 1.23-5.47; versus csDMARDs only) were associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes (Table 1).Table 1.Multivariable logistic regression analysis of factors associated with the ordinal COVID-19 severity outcomes. AZA, azathioprine; CI, confidence interval; combo, combination; CSA, ciclosporin; CYC, cyclophosphamide; DMARD, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug; b/tsDMARD, biologic/targeted synthetic DMARD, csDMARD, conventional synthetic DMARD; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; IVIg, intravenous immunoglobulin; LEF, leflunomide; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; mono, monotherapy; MTX, methotrexate; OR, odds ratio; Ref, reference; RTX, rituximab; SSZ, sulfasalazine; TAC, tacrolimus.VariableOR (95%CI)P-valueVariableOR (95%CI)P-valueAge (per decade)1.59 (1.32-1.93)<0.001ComorbiditiesMale sex1.63 (1.004-2.64)0.048NoneRefNAPrednisolone-equivalent doseOne1.46 (0.79-2.72)0.228NoneRefNATwo or more2.39 (1.22-4.68)0.011>0 to 7.5mg/day1.10 (0.57-2.11)0.779Physician-reported disease activity>7.5mg/day2.37 (1.27-4.44)0.007RemissionRefNAIVIg0.41 (0.15-1.16)0.093Low/moderate1.23 (0.67-2.28)0.504DMARDsHigh4.05 (1.29-12.76)0.018csDMARD only (mono or combi - HCQ, MTX, LEF, SSZ)RefNARegionNo DMARD1.84 (0.90-3.75)0.094EuropeRefNAb/tsDMARD mono or combi (except RTX)1.60 (0.49-5.26)0.435North America0.89 (0.49-1.61)0.694CSA/CYC/TAC mono or combi (except RTX or b/tsDMARDs)1.55 (0.52-4.58)0.429Other4.25 (2.21-8.16)<0.001AZA mono1.70 (0.69-4.19)0.249Time periodMMF mono1.22 (0.53-2.82)0.634Before 15 June 2020RefNAAZA/MMF combi (except RTX or b/tsDMARDs)0.71 (0.25-2.00)0.51716 June - 30 September 20200.58 (0.26-1.27)0.171RTX mono or combi2.60 (1.23-5.47)0.012After 1 October 20200.58 (0.35-0.95)0.032ConclusionThese are the first global registry data on the impact of COVID-19 on IIM patients. Older age, male gender, higher comorbidity burden, higher disease activity, higher glucocorticoid intake and rituximab exposure were associated with worse outcomes. These findings will inform risk stratification and management decisions for IIM patients.ReferencesNoneDisclosure of InterestsSu-Ann Yeoh: None declared, Milena Gianfrancesco: None declared, Saskia Lawson-Tovey: None declared, Kimme Hyrich Speakers bureau: AbbVie unrelated to this work, Grant/research support from: Pfizer, BMS, both unrelated to this work, Anja Strangfeld Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Celltrion, MSD, Janssen, Lilly, Roche, BMS, Pfizer, all unrelated to this work, Laure Gossec Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Galapagos, Gilead, GSK, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Samsung Bioepis, Sanofi-Aventis, UCB, all unrelated to this work, Grant/research support from: Amgen, Galapagos, Lilly, Pfizer, Sandoz, all unrelated to this work, Loreto Carmona: None declared, Elsa Mateus Consultant of: Boehringer Ingelheim Portugal, not related to this work, Martin Schaefer: None declared, Christophe Richez Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Biogen, BMS, Celltrion, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, GSK, MSD, Novartis, and Pfizer, all unrelated to this abstract, Consultant of: Abbvie, Amgen, Astra Zeneca, Biogen, BMS, Celltrion, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, GSK, MSD, Novartis, and Pfizer, all unrelated to this abstract, Eric Hachulla Speakers bureau: Johnson & Johnson, GlaxoSmithKline, Roche-Chugai, all unrelated to this work, Consultant of: Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, Roche-Chugai, Sanofi-Genzyme, all unrelated to this work, Grant/research support from: CSL Behring, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, Roche-Chugai, Sanofi-Genzyme, all unrelated to this work, Marie Holmqvist: None declared, Carlo Alberto Scirè Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Lilly, both unrelated to this work, Rebecca Hasseli: None declared, Arundathi Jayatilleke: None declared, Tiffany Hsu: None declared, Kristin D’Silva: None declared, Victor Pimentel-Quiroz: None declared, Monica Vasquez del Mercado: None declared, Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo: None declared, Edgard Reis Neto: None declared, Laurindo Rocha Jr: None declared, Ana Carolina de Oliveira e Silva Montandon Speakers bureau: GSK, not related to this work, Paula Jordan: None declared, Emily Sirotich: None declared, Jonathan Hausmann Speakers bureau: Novartis, Biogen, Pfizer, not related to this work, Consultant of: Novartis, Biogen, Pfizer, not related to this work, Jean Liew Grant/research support from: Pfizer research grant, completed in 2021, not related to this work, Lindsay Jacobsohn: None declared, Monique Gore-Massy Speakers bureau: Aurinia Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, not related to this work, Consultant of: Aurinia Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, not related to this work, Paul Sufka: None declared, Rebecca Grainger Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer and Cornerstones, all unrelated to this work, Consultant of: AbbVie, Novartis, both unrelated to this work, Suleman Bhana Shareholder of: Pfizer, Inc, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Horizon, Novartis, and Pfizer, all unrelated to this work, Consultant of: AbbVie, Horizon, Novartis, and Pfizer, all unrelated to this work, Employee of: Pfizer, Inc, Zachary Wallace: None declared, Philip Robinson Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Janssen, Roche, GSK, Novartis, Lilly, UCB, all unrelated to this work, Paid instructor for: Lilly, unrelated to this work, Consultant of: GSK, Kukdong, Atom Biosciences, UCB, all unrelated to this work, Grant/research support from: Janssen, Pfizer, UCB and Novartis, all unrelated to this work, Jinoos Yazdany Consultant of: Aurinia, Astra Zeneca, Pfizer, all unrelated to this work, Grant/research support from: Astra Zeneca, Gilead, BMS Foundation, all unrelated to this work, Pedro Machado Speakers bureau: Abbvie, BMS, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Orphazyme, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, all unrelated to this work., Consultant of: Abbvie, BMS, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Orphazyme, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, all unrelated to this work.
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| 16. |
- Cox, A. J. F., et al.
(författare)
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Acclimation of photosynthetic capacity and foliar respiration in Andean tree species to temperature change
- 2023
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Ingår i: New Phytologist. - : Wiley. - 0028-646X .- 1469-8137. ; 238:6, s. 2329-2344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate warming is causing compositional changes in Andean tropical montane forests (TMFs). These shifts are hypothesised to result from differential responses to warming of cold- and warm-affiliated species, with the former experiencing mortality and the latter migrating upslope. The thermal acclimation potential of Andean TMFs remains unknown. Along a 2000m Andean altitudinal gradient, we planted individuals of cold- and warm-affiliated species (under common soil and irrigation), exposing them to the hot and cold extremes of their thermal niches, respectively. We measured the response of net photosynthesis (A(net)), photosynthetic capacity and leaf dark respiration (R-dark) to warming/cooling, 5 months after planting. In all species, A(net) and photosynthetic capacity at 25 degrees C were highest when growing at growth temperatures (T-g) closest to their thermal means, declining with warming and cooling in cold-affiliated and warm-affiliated species, respectively. When expressed at T-g, photosynthetic capacity and Rdark remained unchanged in cold-affiliated species, but the latter decreased in warm-affiliated counterparts. R-dark at 25 degrees C increased with temperature in all species, but remained unchanged when expressed at T-g. Both species groups acclimated to temperature, but only warm-affiliated species decreased R-dark to photosynthetic capacity ratio at T-g as temperature increased. This could confer them a competitive advantage under future warming.
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| 17. |
- Daga-Quisbert, Jeanett, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing water quality of a hypereutrophic alkaline urban lake and its coagulation-treated water using metagenomic analysis
- 2024
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Ingår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution. - : Springer Nature. - 0049-6979 .- 1573-2932. ; 235:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study on Lake Alalay, an urban alkaline lake facing increasing pollution, focused on the impact of coagulation treatment on its water quality and microbiome. The findings revealed higher nutrient concentrations, specifically phosphate and ammonium, compared to the 2019 benchmark. The lake was found to be dominated by Proteobacteria, followed by Cyanobacteria, with Desulfobacterota thriving in areas with low dissolved oxygen. Arthrospira and Roseobacter, halo-alkali-tolerant photosynthetic bacterial genera, were detected at all sampling points. Local phosphate and oxygen concentration variations led to distinct microbial communities on the lake's surface. Despite these differences, long-term ex-situ studies on water treatment with iron chloride and poly-aluminum chloride reduced the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria, promoting the presence of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota. However, the coagulants required higher quantities than those typically used in small shallow lakes to precipitate phosphate and improve water quality effectively. Furthermore, the large-scale assay of lake water treatment with coagulants failed to eliminate Vibrio and Acinetobacter multidrug-resistant bacteria. In conclusion, the study underscores the need to prevent the inflow of polluted water into Lake Alalay and implement effective measures to deal with the existing chemical and biological contamination.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Frieler, Katja, et al.
(författare)
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Scenario setup and forcing data for impact model evaluation and impact attribution within the third round of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP3a)
- 2024
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Ingår i: Geoscientific Model Development. - : Copernicus Publications. - 1991-959X .- 1991-9603. ; 17:1, s. 1-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the rationale and the protocol of the first component of the third simulation round of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP3a, http://www.isimip.org, last access: 2 November 2023) and the associated set of climate-related and direct human forcing data (CRF and DHF, respectively). The observation-based climate-related forcings for the first time include high-resolution observational climate forcings derived by orographic downscaling, monthly to hourly coastal water levels, and wind fields associated with historical tropical cyclones. The DHFs include land use patterns, population densities, information about water and agricultural management, and fishing intensities. The ISIMIP3a impact model simulations driven by these observation-based climate-related and direct human forcings are designed to test to what degree the impact models can explain observed changes in natural and human systems. In a second set of ISIMIP3a experiments the participating impact models are forced by the same DHFs but a counterfactual set of atmospheric forcings and coastal water levels where observed trends have been removed. These experiments are designed to allow for the attribution of observed changes in natural, human, and managed systems to climate change, rising CH4 and CO2 concentrations, and sea level rise according to the definition of the Working Group II contribution to the IPCC AR6.
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| 20. |
- Golub, Malgorzata, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for ensemble modelling of climate change impacts on lakes worldwide : the ISIMIP Lake Sector
- 2022
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Ingår i: Geoscientific Model Development. - : Copernicus Publications. - 1991-959X .- 1991-9603. ; 15:11, s. 4597-4623
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Empirical evidence demonstrates that lakes and reservoirs are warming across the globe. Consequently, there is an increased need to project future changes in lake thermal structure and resulting changes in lake biogeochemistry in order to plan for the likely impacts. Previous studies of the impacts of climate change on lakes have often relied on a single model forced with limited scenario-driven projections of future climate for a relatively small number of lakes. As a result, our understanding of the effects of climate change on lakes is fragmentary, based on scattered studies using different data sources and modelling protocols, and mainly focused on individual lakes or lake regions. This has precluded identification of the main impacts of climate change on lakes at global and regional scales and has likely contributed to the lack of lake water quality considerations in policy-relevant documents, such as the Assessment Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Here, we describe a simulation protocol developed by the Lake Sector of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP) for simulating climate change impacts on lakes using an ensemble of lake models and climate change scenarios for ISIMIP phases 2 and 3. The protocol prescribes lake simulations driven by climate forcing from gridded observations and different Earth system models under various representative greenhouse gas concentration pathways (RCPs), all consistently bias-corrected on a 0.5 degrees x 0.5 degrees global grid. In ISIMIP phase 2, 11 lake models were forced with these data to project the thermal structure of 62 well-studied lakes where data were available for calibration under historical conditions, and using uncalibrated models for 17 500 lakes defined for all global grid cells containing lakes. In ISIMIP phase 3, this approach was expanded to consider more lakes, more models, and more processes. The ISIMIP Lake Sector is the largest international effort to project future water temperature, thermal structure, and ice phenology of lakes at local and global scales and paves the way for future simulations of the impacts of climate change on water quality and biogeochemistry in lakes.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Ma, Y. M., et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of trait-based ozone plant sensitivity in the YaleInteractive terrestrial Biosphere model v1.0 to assess global vegetationdamage
- 2023
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Ingår i: Geoscientific Model Development. - 1991-959X. ; 16:8, s. 2261-2276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major limitation in modeling global ozone (O-3) vegetation damage has long been the reliance on empirical O-3 sensitivity parameters derived from a limited number of species and applied at the level of plant functional types (PFTs), which ignore the large interspecific variations within the same PFT. Here, we present a major advance in large-scale assessments of O-3 plant injury by linking the trait leaf mass per area (LMA) and plant O-3 sensitivity in a broad and global perspective. Application of the new approach and a global LMA map in a dynamic global vegetation model reasonably represents the observed interspecific responses to O-3 with a unified sensitivity parameter for all plant species. Simulations suggest a contemporary global mean reduction of 4.8% in gross primary productivity by O-3, with a range of 1.1 %-12.6% for varied PFTs. Hotspots with damage > 10% are found in agricultural areas in the eastern US, western Europe, eastern China, and India, accompanied by moderate to high levels of surface O-3. Furthermore, we simulate the distribution of plant sensitivity to O-3, which is highly linked with the inherent leaf trait trade-off strategies of plants, revealing high risks for fast-growing species with low LMA, such as crops, grasses, and deciduous trees.
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| 23. |
- Smith, David, et al.
(författare)
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Toxoplasma TgATG9 is critical for autophagy and long-term persistence in tissue cysts
- 2021
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many of the world’s warm-blooded species are chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts, including an estimated one-third of the global human population. The cellular processes that permit long-term persistence within the cyst are largely unknown for T. gondii and related coccidian parasites that impact human and animal health. Herein, we show that genetic ablation of TgATG9 substantially reduces canonical autophagy and compromises bradyzoite viability. Transmission electron microscopy revealed numerous structural abnormalities occurring in ∆atg9 bradyzoites. Intriguingly, abnormal mitochondrial networks were observed in TgATG9-deficient bradyzoites, some of which contained numerous different cytoplasmic components and organelles. ∆atg9 bradyzoite fitness was drastically compromised in vitro and in mice, with very few brain cysts identified in mice 5 weeks post-infection. Taken together, our data suggests that TgATG9, and by extension autophagy, is critical for cellular homeostasis in bradyzoites and is necessary for long-term persistence within the cyst of this coccidian parasite.
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| 24. |
- Wilkes, Mark C., et al.
(författare)
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Metformin-induced suppression of Nemo-like kinase improves erythropoiesis in preclinical models of Diamond–Blackfan anemia through induction of miR-26a
- 2020
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Ingår i: Experimental Hematology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-472X. ; 91, s. 65-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diamond–Blackfan anemia (DBA) results from haploinsufficiency of ribosomal protein subunits in hematopoietic progenitors in the earliest stages of committed erythropoiesis. Nemo-like kinase (NLK) is chronically hyperactivated in committed erythroid progenitors and precursors in multiple human and murine models of DBA. Inhibition of NLK activity and suppression of NLK expression both improve erythroid expansion in these models. Metformin is a well-tolerated drug for type 2 diabetes with multiple cellular targets. Here we demonstrate that metformin improves erythropoiesis in human and zebrafish models of DBA. Our data indicate that the effects of metformin on erythroid proliferation and differentiation are mediated by suppression of NLK expression through induction of miR-26a, which recognizes a binding site within the NLK 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) to facilitate transcript degradation. We propose that induction of miR-26a is a potentially novel approach to treatment of DBA and could improve anemia in DBA patients without the potentially adverse side effects of metformin in a DBA patient population.
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