| 1. |
- Andersson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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A transcriptional timetable of autumn senescence
- 2004
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Ingår i: Genome Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-6906 .- 1474-760X. ; 5:4, s. R24-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background We have developed genomic tools to allow the genus Populus (aspens and cottonwoods) to be exploited as a full-featured model for investigating fundamental aspects of tree biology. We have undertaken large-scale expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing programs and created Populus microarrays with significant gene coverage. One of the important aspects of plant biology that cannot be studied in annual plants is the gene activity involved in the induction of autumn leaf senescence. Results On the basis of 36,354 Populus ESTs, obtained from seven cDNA libraries, we have created a DNA microarray consisting of 13,490 clones, spotted in duplicate. Of these clones, 12,376 (92%) were confirmed by resequencing and all sequences were annotated and functionally classified. Here we have used the microarray to study transcript abundance in leaves of a free-growing aspen tree (Populus tremula) in northern Sweden during natural autumn senescence. Of the 13,490 spotted clones, 3,792 represented genes with significant expression in all leaf samples from the seven studied dates. Conclusions We observed a major shift in gene expression, coinciding with massive chlorophyll degradation, that reflected a shift from photosynthetic competence to energy generation by mitochondrial respiration, oxidation of fatty acids and nutrient mobilization. Autumn senescence had much in common with senescence in annual plants; for example many proteases were induced. We also found evidence for increased transcriptional activity before the appearance of visible signs of senescence, presumably preparing the leaf for degradation of its components.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Rönnelid, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Immune complexes from SLE sera induce IL10 productionfrom normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells by anFcvicious cycle maintaining B cell hyperactivity in SLEgRII dependent mechanism : implications for a possible vicious cycle maintaining B cell hyperactivity in SLE
- 2003
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 62:1, s. 37-42
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Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Raised interleukin (IL)6 and IL10 levels are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by enhancing autoantibody production and immune complex (IC) formation. These immune complexes can then stimulate cellular reactions through Fc and complement receptors. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether circulating SLE ICs stimulate type 2 cytokine production. METHODS: Twenty serum samples from patients with active SLE were compared with sera from 18 healthy controls. Sera and polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitates from sera were added to peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures, and the production of IL10 and IL6 was investigated by enzyme linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fc gamma receptor (FcgammaR) antibodies were used in blocking experiments, and flow cytometry was used to assess the correlation between monocyte FcgammaR expression and IC-induced cytokine production. RESULTS: Ten per cent dilutions of the SLE sera induced a significantly increased number of IL10-producing cells in comparison with control sera (median, 11.75 v 1.25 spot forming cells/50 000 PBMC; p<0.0001). PEG precipitates from SLE sera also induced significantly increased levels of IL10 (p=0.016) and IL6 (p=0.042) in comparison with control PEG precipitates. IL10 production induced by SLE PEG precipitates or by artificial ICs could be blocked by anti-FcgammaRII antibodies, and the FcgammaRII expression on CD14+ monocytes correlated with the IC-induced production of IL10 and IL6. CONCLUSIONS: SLE sera stimulate IL10 and IL6 production from PBMC, and this effect is at least partly explained by precipitable ICs acting through FcgammaRII. This effect provides a possible mechanism for the enhanced production of IL10 in SLE, whereby B cell activation, antibody production, IC stimulated monocytes/macrophages, and type 2 cytokines create a vicious cycle that may help to maintain B cell hyperactivity in SLE.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Akesson, Karl Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Designing leisure applications for the mundane car-commute
- 2002
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Ingår i: Personal and Ubiquitous Computing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1617-4909 .- 1617-4917. ; 6:3, s. 176-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Commuting by car from home to work can be very time consuming. We have conducted a study to explore what people are doing, and want to do, while commuting. People use their time in the car on a wide variety of activities with great innovation. There was no unanimous activity that everyone wanted, rather a wide variety of activities were requested. Three different categories of activity were identified which we refer to as mundane, vocational and traffic related. To demonstrate a possible IT service supporting commuters, a prototype based on speech output and a simple input mechanism from a wheel was developed. This service moves sampling of music from the conventional shop into the car. The prototype was informally tested with users, which resulted in a number of improvements. Preliminary user results indicate good functionality, a comprehensive interaction interface.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Utslagen fiskrekrytering och sviktande fiskbestånd i Kalmar läns kustvatten
- 2000
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Undersökningar gjorda 1994-1997 i ett antal områden i Kalmarsund visade minskande bestånd av främst gädda och abborre samt en låg årsyngelproduktion vid jämförelse med tidigare studier. Observationerna stöddes av rapporter från fiskare och allmänhet och uppfattades så allvarliga, att ett tvåårigt forskningsprojekt beslutades genomföras för att dels dokumentera skadornas karaktär och geografiska utbredning, dels analyserade bakomliggande orsakerna. Projektet, som pågick under 1998-1999, omfattade ett flertal områden efter Kalmarsunds fastlandskust, ett område öster om Öland, samt några referensområden norr om sundet och ett söder därom. Inventerande provfisken och årsyngelundersökningar gjordes för att kartlägga fisksamhällets sammansättning och rekryteringen till de vuxna bestånden. Trålningar genomfördes under abborrens kläckningsperiod för att mäta tätheten av fisklarver samt undersöka deras överlevnad och tillväxt. I samband med detta gjordes insamlingar av djurplankton för att kartlägga larvernas födounderlag. Fält- och laboratorieexperiment genomfördes för att studera romutveckling, kläckning och larvöverlevnad hos gädda och abborre. Som stöd vid tolkningarna av resultaten inhämtades vattenkemiska data från den samordnade kustvattenkontrollen i Kalmar län.Tätheten av främst vuxen abborre men även gädda var mycket låg i området mellan Emån och Revsudden i sundets mitt och andelen gamla fiskar var stor. Även längre ner mot länsgränsen fanns tecken på att bestånden var negativt påverkade. På lokalen vid östra Öland var tätheterna likaså mycket låga. Inventeringen av årsyngel gav en ännu mer negativ bild. Bara ett fåtal yngel av abborre och gädda fångades i hela Kalmarsundsområdet. Även yngel av karpfiskar,strömming och stubbar förekom i lågatätheter. Något påverkade alltså fiskrekryteringen så negativt, att även de vuxna bestånden av flertalet arter reducerats. Det strandnära yngel- och småfisksamhället dominerades av spiggar, vilka förekom i högre tätheter än i referensområdena. Resultaten från de lokaler som besökts vid upprepade tillfällen visade att skadorna förvärrats med tiden.Vattenkemiska data visade, att högsalt- eller ammoniumhalt knappast kunde vara en tänkbar förklaring till den uteblivna rekryteringen. Ammoniumhalterna når inte skadliga nivåer i rekryteringsområdena, och salthalten har minskat i stället för ökat i kustområdet under de senaste 10 åren. Såväl fält- som laboratorieexperimenten gav resultat som talar emot en toxisk påverkan på föräldrafiskar eller ägg och larver. Befruktningsgrad, kläckning och larvöverlevnad vartill synes normala. Undersökning av snäckor från de områden där kläckningsförsök och rekryteringsstudier genomfördes, visade att det åtminstone detta år inte förekom larver eller cerkarier ögonsugmasken Diplostomum sp. under den känsliga period då fisklarver kan dödas av parasitangrepp. Eutrofiering har förts fram som en tänkbar orsak till den sviktande fiskrekryteringen. Närsaltsdata visar att området är övergött, och en förändrad kväve/fosforkvot antyder att primärproduktionen blivit alltmer kvävebegränsad under produktionsperioden senare år.Eutrofieringen yttrar sig som en ökning av primärproduktionen. Halterna klorofyll-a har tenderat att öka i de kustnära vattnen och bedöms som höga enligt Naturvårdsverkets bedömningsgrunder för miljökvalitet, Kust och Hav (1999). Under de senaste 4-5 åren har halterna emellertid sjunkit, vilket kan kopplas till ökat siktdjup. Utvecklingen indikerar att en större del av primärproduktionen under senare år sker i det bentiska växtsamhället. Denna utveckling ses inte i referensområdena. Även om en rik bottenvegetation normalt är positivt för fisk, kan alltför kraftig algpåväxt ha flera negativa effekter, t ex att leksubstraten försämras. En förskjutning av produktionen från pelagiska mikroalger till det bentiska systemet kan också innebära att fiskens födotillgång påverkas. Analyserna av zooplanktonproven visade tydliga avvikelser jämfört med referensmaterialen, såväl vad avser artsammansättning som täthet, och indikerar att födounderlaget försämrats för pelagiska fisklarver, t ex abborre, strömming och stubbar.Utsläppen från Mönsterås Bruk har också ansetts utgöra en möjlig förklaring. Om skadorna på fisk beror på eutrofiering, kan effekterna av brukets utsläpp ses som ett bidrag bland andra till den antropogena belastningen i området. Risken för att toxiska eller hormonellt störande ämnen i avloppsvattnet påverkat fisken måste enligt resultaten från fält och laboratorieexperimenten bedömas vara liten.Kalmarsund hyser landets tätaste skarvkolonier. Teoretiska beräkningar, baserat på uppskattningar av skarvbeståndets storlek, visar att dess konsumtion skulle kunna uppgå till den totala produktionen av stationär fisk i området vilket kan vara en viktig förklaring till de minskande tätheterna. Det finns dock observationer som talar mot skarven som den enda bakomliggande faktorn. Årsyngel utnyttjas normalt inte som föda av skarvarna, och rekryteringen försämrades inte bara för de stationära arterna abborre och gädda, utan även för stubbar och sillar vars vuxna bestånd inte påverkas lika starkt av skarv. Modellsimuleringar visar dock, att i dagens situation kan skarvpredationen effektivt motverka att bestånden återhämtar sig när, förhoppningsvis, rekryteringen åter börjar bli normal.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Berggren Söderlund, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Biological variation of retinoids in man.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7686 .- 0036-5513. ; 62:7, s. 511-519
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This investigation was undertaken to assess biological variation, especially the within-subject variations of all- trans retinoic acid, 13- cis retinoic acid and retinol in human serum. Diurnal variation and variation over a week, a month and a year were studied in 11 males (aged 21 - 54 years) and 17 females (aged 22 - 63 years), all subjectively healthy. We found no diurnal variation with the exception of all- trans retinoic acid, which had maximal concentrations at noon irrespective of food intake. Seasonal variations were marginal. Both all- trans and 13- cis retinoic acids had fairly high within-subject (13.1% and 12.6%, respectively) and between-subject coefficients of variation (15.9% and 21.0%, respectively), while the within-subject CV of retinol was less (5.6%, with a between-subject CV of 21.1%). Thus, the indices of individuality were <1 for all retinoids. The critical differences between two consecutive samples were <40% for the retinoic acids and <20% for retinol. Women had higher all- trans retinoic acid concentrations in serum (5.1 nmol/L vs. 4.5 nmol/L), lower 13- cis retinoic acid concentrations (4.5 nmol/L vs. 5.5 nmol/L) and lower retinol concentrations in serum (2.1 µmol/L vs. 2.5 µmol/L) than men. Thus, samples for retinoid determinations should be drawn in the morning and evaluated using separate gender reference intervals.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Brodnik, Andrej, et al.
(författare)
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Data structure for a time-based bandwidth reservations problem
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We discuss a problem of handling resource reservations. The resource can be reserved for some time, it can be freed or it can be queried what is the largest amount of reserved resource during a time interval. We show that the problem has a lower bound of $\Omega(\log n)$ per operation on average and we give a matching upper bound algorithm. Our solution also solves a dynamic version of the related problems of a prefix sum and a partial sum.
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| 14. |
- Brodnik, Andrej, et al.
(författare)
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Static data structure for discrete advance bandwidth reservations on the internet
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we present a discrete data structure for reservations of limited resources. A reservation is defined as a tuple consisting of the time interval of when the resource should be reserved, $I_R$, and the amount of the resource that is reserved, $B_R$, formally $R=\{I_R,B_R\}$. The data structure is similar to a segment tree. The maximum spanning interval of the data structure is fixed and defined in advance. The granularity and thereby the size of the intervals of the leaves is also defined in advance. The data structure is built only once. Neither nodes nor leaves are ever inserted, deleted or moved. Hence, the running time of the operations does not depend on the number of reservations previously made. The running time does not depend on the size of the interval of the reservation either. Let $n$ be the number of leaves in the data structure. In the worst case, the number of touched (i.e. traversed) nodes is in any operation $O(\log n)$, hence the running time of any operation is also $O(\log n)$.
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| 15. |
- Claesson, Ingvar, et al.
(författare)
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Cancellation of Humming GSM Mobile Telephone Noise
- 2003
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A sometimes annoying problem in the most internationally widespread cellular telephone system, the GSM system, is an interfering signal generated by the switching nature of TDMA cellular telephone system. A humming noise originating from the speech frames, equivalent to 160 samples of data corresponding to 20 ms at 8 kHz sampling rate is sometimes clearly audible. This paper describes a study of two different software solutions designed to suppress such interference internally in the mobile handset. The methods are Notch Filtering, which is performed on a sample-per-sample basis, and Speech Frame Noise Cancellation, which is an alternative method employing correlators and subtraction, similar to Active Noise Control.
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| 16. |
- Claesson, Ingvar, et al.
(författare)
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GSM TDMA Frame Rate Internal Active Noise Cancellation
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration. - : Int. Inst. Acoustics and Vibration, USA. - 1027-5851 .- 2415-1408. ; 8:3, s. 159-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A common problem in the world's most widely-used cellular telephone system, the GSM system, is the interfering signal generated by the switching nature of TDMA cellular telephony in handheld and other terminals. Signals are sent as chunks of data, speech frames, equivalent to 160 samples of data corresponding to 20 ms at sampling rate of 8 kHz. This paper describes a study of two different software solutions designed to suppress such interference internally in the mobile handset. The methods are 1) notch filtering, which is multiplicative in frequency, and 2) subtractive noise cancellation, which is an alternative method employing correlators. The latter solution is a straigtforward, although somewhat unorthodox, application of "in-wire" active noise control. Since subtraction is performed directly in the time domain, and we have access to the state of the mobile, it is also possible to consider a recurring pause in the interference caused by the idle frame in the transmission, when the mobile listens to other base stations communicating. More complex control algorithms, based on the state of the communication between the handset and the base station, can be utilised.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Ekelund, Ulf, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Heart rate as an indicator of the intensity of physical activity in human adolescents
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 85:3-4, s. 244-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study were, in a group of adolescents, firstly to identify the absolute heart rates (HR) and the percentages of maximal heart rates (HRmax) corresponding to 40%, 60% and 80% of peak oxygen uptake (PVO2), secondly to identify absolute and relative (%PVO2) oxygen uptakes (VO2) corresponding to HR of 120, 140 and 160 beats.min-1, and thirdly to examine a possible effect of fatness and fitness on the relationship between HR and VO2. The subjects were 127 (60 boys, 67 girls) adolescents with a mean age of 14.8 (SD 0.3) years. The HR and VO2 were measured by means of an incremental exercise test to exhaustion. Linear regressions were performed for the HR-VO2 and VO2-HR relationships using absolute and relative (%HRmax, %PVO2) data for each individual. From these regressions, target HR and VO2 were computed. Average target HR corresponding to 40%, 60% and 80% of PVO2 were: 119 (SD 9), 145 (SD 9), 171 (SD 8), and 120 (SD 10), 146 (SD 8), 172 (SD 8) beats.min-1 for boys and girls, respectively. Average VO2 corresponding to HR of 120, 140 and 160 beats.min-1 were: 22 (SD 5), 30 (SD 5), 38 (SD 6) and 18 (SD 4), 24 (SD 4), 31 (SD 4) mlO2.kg-1.min-1 for boys and girls, respectively. An analysis of covariance showed a significant fitness effect (P < 0.001) for predicted VO2 at all HR studied. The results suggest that the use of absolute HR to define exercise intensity levels when assessing young people's physical activity using HR monitoring detracts from the validity of the interpretation of the data.
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| 20. |
- Ekelund, Ulf, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity assessed by activity monitor and doubly labeled water in children
- 2001
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Ingår i: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 33:2, s. 275-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To validate the Computer Science and Application's (CSA) activity monitor for assessment of the total amount of physical activity during two school-weeks in 9-yr-old children and to develop equations to predict total energy expenditure (TEE) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) from activity counts and anthropometric variables.METHODS: A total of 26 children (15 boys and 11 girls, mean age 9.1 +/- 0.3 yr) were monitored for 14 consecutive days. TEE was simultaneously measured by the doubly labeled water method. Averaged activity counts (counts.min(-1)) were compared with data on: 1) TEE, 2) AEE = TEE minus basal metabolic rate (BMR; estimated from predictive equations), and 3) daily physical activity level (PAL = TEE/BMR).RESULTS: Physical activity determined by activity counts was significantly related to the data on energy expenditures: TEE (r = 0.39; P < 0.05), AEE (r = 0.54; P < 0.01), and PAL (r = 0.58; P < 0.01). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that TEE was significantly influenced by gender, body composition (body weight or fat free mass), and activity counts (R(2) = 0.54--0.60). AEE was significantly influenced by activity counts and gender (R(2) = 0.45). There were no significant differences between activity counts and PAL in discriminating among activity levels with "low" (PAL < 1.56), "moderate" (1.57 < or = PAL > or = 1.81), and "high" (PAL > 1.81) intensity.CONCLUSION: Activity counts from the CSA activity monitor seems to be a useful measure of the total amount of physical activity in 9-yr-old children. Activity counts contributed significantly to the explained variation in TEE and was the best predictor of AEE.
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| 21. |
- Ekelund, Ulf, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity in relation to aerobic fitness and body fat in 14- to 15-year-old boys and girls
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 85:3-4, s. 195-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to examine the strength of the relationship between different variables of physical activity and aerobic fitness and body fat in adolescent boys and girls. Activity energy expenditure (AEE), time spent in a sedentary state, and time spent engaged in moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA, > or = 50% peak oxygen uptake, VO2peak) were assessed by the minute-by-minute heart rate monitoring method in 82 randomly selected 14- to 15-year olds (42 boys, 40 girls). Body fat was determined by measuring skinfold thicknesses. VO2peak was measured by indirect calorimetry. Somatic maturity level was determined by percentages of adult (i.e. 18 years) height attained at examination. AEE was related to aerobic fitness for both genders (boys, r = 0.30, P = 0.056; girls, r = 0.45, P = 0.003). For boys, there was a significant relationship between maturity level and VO2peak (r = 0.48, P < 0.001). For both genders, body fat was significantly and negatively related to VO2peak (r = -0.48 and r = -0.43, P < 0.01). Body fat and maturity explained 47% of the variation in VO2peak in boys, whereas AEE and body fat explained 22% of the variation in VO2peak in girls. No significant associations between physical activity variables and the data on body fat were observed. The total amount of physical activity (AEE) was related to VO2peak, at least in adolescent girls. Although VO2peak seems to be influenced by the maturity level in adolescent boys, the data support the promotion of a daily active lifestyle among young people.
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| 22. |
- Ekelund, Ulf, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Total daily energy expenditure and pattern of physical activity measured by minute-by-minute heart rate monitoring in 14-15 year old Swedish adolescents
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 54:3, s. 195-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and patterns of physical activity among Swedish male and female adolescents and to relate the amount and intensity of physical activity to existing recommendations (energy expenditure equal to or above 12.4 kJ/kg/day or accumulation of 30 min/day in moderate physical activity equal to 4.5 times sedentary energy expenditure or more).DESIGN: TDEE, physical activity level (PAL=TDEE/BMR), energy expenditure (EE) and time spent in different intensities of physical activity were assessed by using minute-by-minute heart rate monitoring in combination with laboratory measured sedentary energy expenditure (SEE) and peak oxygen uptake.SETTING: Department of Physical Education and Health, Orebro University, and Department of Clinical Physiology, Orebro Medical Centre Hospital, Sweden.SUBJECTS: Eighty-two 14-15 y old adolescents (42 boys, 40 girls) from the city of Orebro, randomly selected through a two-stage sampling procedure.RESULTS: TDEE was 12.8 MJ/day and 10.0 MJ/day for boys and girls respectively (P<0.001) and PAL was 1.74 and 1.67 (NS). Forty-four percent and 47%, respectively, of TDEE referred to EE in physical activity, of which 70% for both genders referred to light physical activity (corresponding to <4.5 times SEE). Eleven boys and 14 girls had an EE lower than 12.4 kJ/kg/day and/or did not accumulate 30 min/day in physical activity >/=4.5 SEE. Those (n=20) with the highest PAL values (>2.01 and 1.81, respectively) spent 149 min/day at a >/=4.5 SEE intensity level compared to 40 min/day for those (n=30) with the lowest PAL values (<1.55 and 1.45, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: Swedish adolescent boys and girls are similarly physically active. The major amount of time devoted to physical activity refers to light physical activity. At least thirty percent of adolescents seem not to achieve appropriate levels of physical activity considered to be beneficial for health.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Enquist, Håkan, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Change management implications for network organizations
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 37th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Volume 37, 2004, Article numberCLDKM04, Pages 397-406. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 0769520561 ; , s. 397-406
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to investigatepossible change management implicationsfor networks organizations. This is achievedthrough applying six Critical ManagementIssues (CMI’s) from the changemanagement framework DELTA on ataxonomy consisting of three generic typesof network organizations. The paper is builton an empirical base comprised of over 150expert interviews and 121 questionnairerespondents. Questionnaire respondents andinterviewed experts represent middle to topmanagement of companies of all sizesinvolved in networks. The results show thatthe framework applied to the changemanagement in the different networkshighlights and addresses differentmanagement activities per CMI. Given this,we discuss the differences in managerialimplications that the framework identifiesfor the different types of networks.
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| 25. |
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