| 1. |
- Abrahamsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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A study of the performance of risk and vulnerability assessments by Swedish Public Agencies
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 4th International Disaster and Risk Conference: Integrative Risk Management in a Changing World - Pathways to a Resilient Society, IDRC Davos 2012. ; , s. 15-18
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Risk and vulnerability assessments (RVA) are vital components of the work conducted by public agencies at different levels, as part of the processes for governing and managing risks in the society. In Sweden, public agencies at all levels are required by legislation to perform risk and vulnerability assessments within their respective area of responsibility. The present paper presents a study of how Swedish municipalities, county administrative boards and national authorities work with RVAs, with a special focus on three aspects of such assessments that are highlighted in the legislation: vital societal functions, critical dependencies, and capability assessment. The main data collection technique was semi-structured interviews and a total of 25 actors were included and interviewed. The goal was to achieve a good representation of the different actors that perform RVAs. Thus 5 national authorities, 5 county administrative boards, and 15 municipalities were chosen in order to obtain a representative functional distribution (in terms of national authorities responsible for different sectors), geographic distribution as well as size distribution. The study shows that there is rather large variety of approaches, perspectives and views adopted by different actors, all with different advantages and drawbacks. It is argued that the findings of the study can be used to improve the RVA-practices of public authorities.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Becker, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Final report: A participatory method for need based capacity development projects and programmes
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The three-year research project funded by MSB applies design science, in combination with traditional scientific investigation, to develop a method to guide the planning phase of capacity development projects for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. The method facilitates local participation and ownership as it builds on the strengths of the Logical Framework Approach (LFA), while contextualising it to suit capacity development for disaster risk management and climate change adaptation.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Borell, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Krishantering och lärande
- 2010
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Ingår i: FRIVA - risk, sårbarhet och förmåga. - 9789163376917 ; , s. 155-163
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Cedergren, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Learning from accident investigations – A cross-country comparison
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings 10th International Probabilistic Safety Assessment & Management Conference..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper compares all accident investigation reports covering railway accidents issued by the national investigation boards in Sweden, Norway and Denmark during a two-year period (2008-2009). By using content analysis, units of text describing attributed causes have been selected and categorized as belonging to one of three hierarchical levels; the micro level (technical malfunctioning and human actions), meso level (organizational actions and factors in the physical environment), and macro level (inter-organizational and regulatory factors). In addition, attributed causes on each level have been further categorized as belonging to different ‘types’ of causes. In a similar manner the recommendations described in all studied reports have been divided into different classes. The results show that the majority of attributed causes in all three countries belong to the micro level, and about half of all recommendations aim at human factors aspects. Furthermore, the diversity in different ‘types’ of causes differs between the countries. The analysis has been followed up by interviews with the investigation boards. Based on these interviews, it can be concluded that the structure, mandate and traditions of the investigation boards influences the outcome of the investigations in such way that a broader mandate gives rise to a higher potential for accidents to be examined from multiple perspectives.
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| 7. |
- Cedergren, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Prerequisites for learning from accident investigations - A cross-country comparison of national accident investigation boards
- 2011
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535. ; 49:8-9, s. 1238-1245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper railway accident investigation reports issued by the national accident investigation boards in three Scandinavian countries during a 2-year period have been systematically studied. Content analysis of attributed causes in these reports reveals a considerable emphasis on physical processes, actor activities and equipment (the microlevel). Much less attention is paid to organisational factors (the mesolevel) and conditions related to regulators, associations and government (the macrolevel). This means that lessons will primarily be learned about aspects at the lower of these levels. Interviews show that the factors emphasised in investigation reports typically reflect the competences and experiences of the investigators, i.e. they are inclined to focus on areas of their own expertise. Since failures at the microlevel in many cases merely are symptoms of trouble at higher levels, it is argued that competence among investigators that supplements entirely technical or operational backgrounds are necessary for enabling deeper understanding of the factors leading to accidents. One possible way for achieving this is the creation of multi-modal investigation boards that provide a number of potential advantages, such as increased access to specialist competences that are shared between different sectors. Although a multi-modal approach to some degree has been adopted in all three countries, interviews reveal that these positive effects do not emerge automatically. It can therefore be concluded that multi-modal investigation boards offer a number of possible advantages, but only when these synergies are fully exploited can they provide a potential for more effective learning from accidents. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Coviello, Andrea D, et al.
(författare)
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A genome-wide association meta-analysis of circulating sex hormone-binding globulin reveals multiple Loci implicated in sex steroid hormone regulation.
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404 .- 1553-7390. ; 8:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a glycoprotein responsible for the transport and biologic availability of sex steroid hormones, primarily testosterone and estradiol. SHBG has been associated with chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and with hormone-sensitive cancers such as breast and prostate cancer. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of 21,791 individuals from 10 epidemiologic studies and validated these findings in 7,046 individuals in an additional six studies. We identified twelve genomic regions (SNPs) associated with circulating SHBG concentrations. Loci near the identified SNPs included SHBG (rs12150660, 17p13.1, p=1.8×10(-106)), PRMT6 (rs17496332, 1p13.3, p=1.4×10(-11)), GCKR (rs780093, 2p23.3, p=2.2×10(-16)), ZBTB10 (rs440837, 8q21.13, p=3.4×10(-09)), JMJD1C (rs7910927, 10q21.3, p=6.1×10(-35)), SLCO1B1 (rs4149056, 12p12.1, p=1.9×10(-08)), NR2F2 (rs8023580, 15q26.2, p=8.3×10(-12)), ZNF652 (rs2411984, 17q21.32, p=3.5×10(-14)), TDGF3 (rs1573036, Xq22.3, p=4.1×10(-14)), LHCGR (rs10454142, 2p16.3, p=1.3×10(-07)), BAIAP2L1 (rs3779195, 7q21.3, p=2.7×10(-08)), and UGT2B15 (rs293428, 4q13.2, p=5.5×10(-06)). These genes encompass multiple biologic pathways, including hepatic function, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and T2D, androgen and estrogen receptor function, epigenetic effects, and the biology of sex steroid hormone-responsive cancers including breast and prostate cancer. We found evidence of sex-differentiated genetic influences on SHBG. In a sex-specific GWAS, the loci 4q13.2-UGT2B15 was significant in men only (men p=2.5×10(-08), women p=0.66, heterogeneity p=0.003). Additionally, three loci showed strong sex-differentiated effects: 17p13.1-SHBG and Xq22.3-TDGF3 were stronger in men, whereas 8q21.12-ZBTB10 was stronger in women. Conditional analyses identified additional signals at the SHBG gene that together almost double the proportion of variance explained at the locus. Using an independent study of 1,129 individuals, all SNPs identified in the overall or sex-differentiated or conditional analyses explained ∼15.6% and ∼8.4% of the genetic variation of SHBG concentrations in men and women, respectively. The evidence for sex-differentiated effects and allelic heterogeneity highlight the importance of considering these features when estimating complex trait variance.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Guldåker, Nicklas, et al.
(författare)
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Riskhantering i en socken
- 2010
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Ingår i: FRIVA - risk, sårbarhet och förmåga. Samverkan inom krishantering. - 9789163376917 ; , s. 79-92
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vårt syfte med detta kapitel är att beskriva och analysera krisförberedande arbeten i en landsortsby från en lokal risk- och sårbarhetsgrupps perspektiv samt tydliggöra olika drivkrafter, förutsättningar och relationer med myndigheter och andra aktörer. Underlaget för kapitlet utgörs av en intervju med representanter för den lokala gruppen i en socken i Kronobergs län, en enskild intervju med en nyckelperson i gruppen samt en telefonintervju med ytterligare en nyckelperson i gruppen. De två första intervjuerna genomfördes i november 2008. Telefonintervjun, som kan ses som en återkoppling, genomfördes i januari 2010. Intervjuerna har kompletterats med skriftligt material från den lokala gruppen. Metoden för analys av intervjumaterialet är kvalitativ med stöd av teoribildningar från teknik- och samhällsvetenskaper. I vår analys av den lokala risk- och sårbarhetsgruppens arbete använder vi synsätt och begrepp från aktör-nätverksteorin (ANT) och den tyske sociologen Jürgen Habermas teori om livsvärlden och systemvärlden . ANT hjälper här till att belysa processer för nätverksmobilisering och hur människor och materialiteter kan forma stabila och varaktiga nätverk . ANT bidrar även till att öka förståelsen för drivkrafter och barriärer i den lokala risk- och sårbarhetsgruppens arbeten. Teorin om livsvärlden och systemvärlden hjälper till att öka insikten om medborgares och myndigheters världar och deras problem att förstå varandra och verka ihop. Habermas använder i sin teori begreppet livsvärlden som formar våra personliga identiteter, sociala relationer med vänner, familjer och andra. I den världen inryms också det som kallas kultur och upplevelser. I livsvärlden uppfattas verkligheten från den enskilda individens eller deltagarens synpunkt. Det som Habermas kallar för systemvärlden handlar om myndigheternas och ytterst statens byråkrati samt om marknaden. Marknaden använder pengar, och byråkratierna makt som medel för att styra människors beteenden. Livsvärlden och systemvärlden har olika organisationsformer, rationalitet och sätt att handla .
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Johansson, Johas, et al.
(författare)
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Tekniska Infrastruktures sårbarhet
- 2010
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Ingår i: FRIVA - risk, sårbarhet och förmåga. - 9789163376917 ; , s. 111-128
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Lundh Snis, Ulrika, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic Innovation Networks in Education : Dealing with Educational Challenges with Cross Boarder Collaboration and User Driven Design
- 2012
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Ingår i: Uddevalla Symposium 2012<em> </em>. - 9789197794343 ; , s. 553-571
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is an EU-funded project related to cross boarder collaboration for educational purposes supported by information and communication technologies between Danish, Norwegian and Swedish schools. The project started in 2011 and extends to 2014 so this empirically dominated paper reports on early findings related to cross-border collaboration challenges. The aim of the project is to develop innovative cross-border teaching models by the means of user-driven, practice-based co-design processes between practitioners and researchers. In the first year, 18 classes from 13 schools in Denmark, Norway and Sweden in the Öresund-Kattegatt-Skagerack region participated. Organized in so called Nordic class-match groups (consisting of students and teachers from one class in each country) new cross-border teaching models are co-created, tested and evaluated in an iterative process. Since teaching models are subject dependent, the project develop teaching models in several subject domains, i.e. math, language, science and social studies / history. Heretofore findings show, however, that organizational and technical issues have superseded and squeezed out subject-oriented discussions due to surprisingly many practical issues that needed to be handled first. We have identified three major thresholds to overcome. The first is related to technical difficulties in schools when diverse IT systems are to be synchronized. The second threshold concerns scheduling coordination difficulties in order to allow synchronous cross boarder collaboration. The third threshold concerns linguistic and communication difficulties rooted in participants communicating in their respective Nordic language. Being able to communicate within Nordic languages are explicit learning goals in all three schools systems, and therefore part of the project aim and consequently all participants are expected to use their native languages when communicating. The next phase of the project is therefore to find solutions to these technical, organizational and linguistic barriers, and already now we see some barrier breaking models taking shape in the active network of Nordic teachers, students, school leaders, IT support teams and researchers.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Naylor, Mary D, et al.
(författare)
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Advancing Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, treatment, and care: recommendations from the Ware Invitational Summit.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association. - : Wiley. - 1552-5279. ; 8:5, s. 445-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To address the pending public health crisis due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related neurodegenerative disorders, the Marian S. Ware Alzheimer Program at the University of Pennsylvania held a meeting entitled "State of the Science Conference on the Advancement of Alzheimer's Diagnosis, Treatment and Care," on June 21-22, 2012. The meeting comprised four workgroups focusing on Biomarkers; Clinical Care and Health Services Research; Drug Development; and Health Economics, Policy, and Ethics. The workgroups shared, discussed, and compiled an integrated set of priorities, recommendations, and action plans, which are presented in this article.
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| 21. |
- Nieminen Kristofersson, Tuija, et al.
(författare)
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Frontlinjebyråkratier i krissammanhang
- 2010
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Ingår i: FRIVA - risk, sårbarhet och förmåga. Samverkan inom krishantering. - 9789163376917 ; , s. 93-110
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 22. |
- Nilsson, Jerry, et al.
(författare)
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Vad är skyddsvärt?
- 2010
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Ingår i: FRIVA - risk, sårbarhet och förmåga. - 9789163376917 ; , s. 23-35
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- riskhantering, krishantering och lärande, tekniska infrasystems sårbarhet, risk- och sårbarhetsanalys, krishanteringssystem
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| 23. |
- Orlando, Ludovic, et al.
(författare)
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Recalibrating Equus evolution using the genome sequence of an early Middle Pleistocene horse
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 499:7456, s. 74-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The rich fossil record of equids has made them a model for evolutionary processes(1). Here we present a 1.12-times coverage draft genome from a horse bone recovered from permafrost dated to approximately 560-780 thousand years before present (kyr BP)(2,3). Our data represent the oldest full genome sequence determined so far by almost an order of magnitude. For comparison, we sequenced the genome of a Late Pleistocene horse (43 kyr BP), and modern genomes of five domestic horse breeds (Equus ferus caballus), a Przewalski's horse (E. f. prze-walskii) and a donkey (E. asinus). Our analyses suggest that the Equus lineage giving rise to all contemporary horses, zebras and donkeys originated 4.0-4.5 million years before present (Myr BP), twice the conventionally accepted time to the most recent common ancestor of the genus Equus(4,5). We also find that horse population size fluctuated multiple times over the past 2 Myr, particularly during periods of severe climatic changes. We estimate that the Przewalski's and domestic horse populations diverged 38-72 kyr BP, and find no evidence of recent admixture between the domestic horse breeds and the Przewalski's horse investigated. This supports the contention that Przewalski's horses represent the last surviving wild horse population(6). We find similar levels of genetic variation among Przewalski's and domestic populations, indicating that the former are genetically viable and worthy of conservation efforts. We also find evidence for continuous selection on the immune system and olfaction throughout horse evolution. Finally, we identify 29 genomic regions among horse breeds that deviate from neutrality and show low levels of genetic variation compared to the Przewalski's horse. Such regions could correspond to loci selected early during domestication.
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