| 2. |
- Israel, F.P., et al.
(författare)
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The millimeter wave continuum spectrum of Centaurus A and its nucleus
- 2008
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 483:3, s. 741-748
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims. We study the radio emission mechanism of the FR-I AGN NGC 5128 (Centaurus A).Methods. We determine the centimeter and millimeter continuum spectrum of the whole Centaurus A radio source and measure at frequencies between 86 GHz (3.5 mm) and 345 GHz (0.85 mm) the continuum emission from the active radio galaxy nucleus at various times between 1989 and 2005.Results. The integral radio source spectrum becomes steeper at frequencies above 5 GHz, where the spectral index changes from alpha(low) = -0.70 to alpha(high) = -0.82. The SW outer lobe has a steeper spectrum than the NE middle and outer lobes (alpha = -1.0 vs. -0.6). Millimeter emission from the core of Centaurus A is variable, a variability that correlates appreciably better with the 20-200 keV X-ray variability than with 2-10 keV variability.Conclusions. In its quiescent state, the core has a spectral index alpha = -0.3, which steepens when the core brightens. The variability appears to be mostly associated with the inner nuclear jet components that have been detected in VLBI measurements. The densest nuclear components are optically thick below 45-80 GHz.
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| 3. |
- Westbrook, Johanna I, et al.
(författare)
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Effectiveness of a 'Do not interrupt' bundled intervention to reduce interruptions during medication administration : a cluster randomised controlled feasibility study.
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMJ Quality and Safety. - : BMJ. - 2044-5415 .- 2044-5423. ; 26:9, s. 734-742
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of a 'Do not interrupt' bundled intervention to reduce non-medication-related interruptions to nurses during medication administration.METHODS: A parallel eight cluster randomised controlled study was conducted in a major teaching hospital in Adelaide, Australia. Four wards were randomised to the intervention which comprised wearing a vest when administering medications; strategies for diverting interruptions; clinician and patient education; and reminders. Control wards were blinded to the intervention. Structured direct observations of medication administration processes were conducted. The primary outcome was non-medication-related interruptions during individual medication dose administrations. The secondary outcomes were total interruption and multitasking rates. A survey of nurses' experiences was administered.RESULTS: Over 8 weeks and 364.7 hours, 227 nurses were observed administering 4781 medications. At baseline, nurses experienced 57 interruptions/100 administrations, 87.9% were unrelated to the medication task being observed. Intervention wards experienced a significant reduction in non-medication-related interruptions from 50/100 administrations (95% CI 45 to 55) to 34/100 (95% CI 30 to 38). Controlling for clustering, ward type and medication route showed a significant reduction of 15 non-medication-related interruptions/100 administrations compared with control wards. A total of 88 nurses (38.8%) completed the poststudy survey. Intervention ward nurses reported that vests were time consuming, cumbersome and hot. Only 48% indicated that they would support the intervention becoming hospital policy.DISCUSSION: Nurses experienced a high rate of interruptions. Few were related to the medication task, demonstrating considerable scope to reduce unnecessary interruptions. While the intervention was associated with a statistically significant decline in non-medication-related interruptions, the magnitude of this reduction and its likely impact on error rates should be considered, relative to the effectiveness of alternate interventions, associated costs, likely acceptability and long-term sustainability of such interventions.
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