| 1. |
- Blunden, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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State of the Climate in 2012
- 2013
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 94:8, s. S1-S258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the first time in serveral years, the El Nino-Southern Oscillation did not dominate regional climate conditions around the globe. A weak La Ni a dissipated to ENSOneutral conditions by spring, and while El Nino appeared to be emerging during summer, this phase never fully developed as sea surface temperatures in the eastern conditions. Nevertheless, other large-scale climate patterns and extreme weather events impacted various regions during the year. A negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation from mid-January to early February contributed to frigid conditions in parts of northern Africa, eastern Europe, and western Asia. A lack of rain during the 2012 wet season led to the worst drought in at least the past three decades for northeastern Brazil. Central North America also experienced one of its most severe droughts on record. The Caribbean observed a very wet dry season and it was the Sahel's wettest rainy season in 50 years. Overall, the 2012 average temperature across global land and ocean surfaces ranked among the 10 warmest years on record. The global land surface temperature alone was also among the 10 warmest on record. In the upper atmosphere, the average stratospheric temperature was record or near-record cold, depending on the dataset. After a 30-year warming trend from 1970 to 1999 for global sea surface temperatures, the period 2000-12 had little further trend. This may be linked to the prevalence of La Ni a-like conditions during the 21st century. Heat content in the upper 700 m of the ocean remained near record high levels in 2012. Net increases from 2011 to 2012 were observed at 700-m to 2000-m depth and even in the abyssal ocean below. Following sharp decreases in to the effects of La Ni a, sea levels rebounded to reach records highs in 2012. The increased hydrological cycle seen in recent years continued, with more evaporation in drier locations and more precipitation in rainy areas. In a pattern that has held since 2004, salty areas of the ocean surfaces and subsurfaces were anomalously salty on average, while fresher areas were anomalously fresh. Global tropical cyclone activity during 2012 was near average, with a total of 84 storms compared with the 1981-2010 average of 89. Similar to 2010 and 2011, the North Atlantic was the only hurricane basin that experienced above-normal activity. In this basin, Sandy brought devastation to Cuba and parts of the eastern North American seaboard. All other basins experienced either near-or below-normal tropical cyclone activity. Only three tropical cyclones reached Category 5 intensity-all in Bopha became the only storm in the historical record to produce winds greater than 130 kt south of 7 N. It was also the costliest storm to affect the Philippines and killed more than 1000 residents. Minimum Arctic sea ice extent in September and Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent in June both reached new record lows. June snow cover extent is now declining at a faster rate (-17.6% per decade) than September sea ice extent (-13.0% per decade). Permafrost temperatures reached record high values in northernmost Alaska. A new melt extent record occurred on 11-12 July on the Greenland ice sheet; 97% of the ice sheet showed some form of melt, four times greater than the average melt for this time of year. The climate in Antarctica was relatively stable overall. The largest maximum sea ice extent since records begain in 1978 was observed in September 2012. In the stratosphere, warm air led to the second smallest ozone hole in the past two decades. Even so, the springtime ozone layer above Antarctica likely will not return to its early 1980s state until about 2060. Following a slight decline associated with the global 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production reached a record 9.5 +/- 0.5 Pg C in 2011 and a new record of 9.7 +/- 0.5 Pg C is estimated for 2012. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations increased by 2.1 ppm in 2012, to 392.6 ppm. In spring 2012, 2 concentration exceeded 400 ppm at 7 of the 13 Arctic observation sites. Globally, other greenhouse gases including methane and nitrous oxide also continued to rise in concentration and the combined effect now represents a 32% increase in radiative forcing over a 1990 baseline. Concentrations of most ozone depleting substances continued to fall.
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| 2. |
- Weinstein, John N., et al.
(författare)
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The cancer genome atlas pan-cancer analysis project
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 45:10, s. 1113-1120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network has profiled and analyzed large numbers of human tumors to discover molecular aberrations at the DNA, RNA, protein and epigenetic levels. The resulting rich data provide a major opportunity to develop an integrated picture of commonalities, differences and emergent themes across tumor lineages. The Pan-Cancer initiative compares the first 12 tumor types profiled by TCGA. Analysis of the molecular aberrations and their functional roles across tumor types will teach us how to extend therapies effective in one cancer type to others with a similar genomic profile. © 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Lidberg, Tina, et al.
(författare)
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An approach to illustrate strategies for improved energy efficiency at the municipal level
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings from the 14th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling. - 9789185775248 ; , s. 50-55
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work focuses on how implementation of wellknown refurbishment strategies, applied on multifamily buildings in a post-war housing complex in Sweden can affect the generation of district heating. Both the energy use and the power load were considered.The study was performed in Borlänge municipality, Sweden, where the municipality owns both the energy and the housing companies. The strategies for energy efficiency were simulated with IDA-ICE for the Tjärna Ängar area, a housing complex built between 1969- 1971, with access to documented information about the buildings and energy audit. The results of the building simulation were implemented in a simplified model of the local district heating system.The results indicate how different renovation strategies affect the demand of energy and power load within the district heating system and can be used to provide indicators for different scenarios. The larger goal of the research is how to maximize the economic and environmental efficiency of improvement strategies on a municipal level as well as how to find appropriate energy optimization methods that can be proposed by building contractors. The initial study presented here was conducted within the research program Reesbe.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Ramírez, Jaime A., et al.
(författare)
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Aportes a la Teoría y la Implementación del Método LSCR
- 2010
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Ingår i: RIAI - Revista Iberoamericana de Automatica e Informatica Industrial. - 1697-7912. ; 7:3, s. 83-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The LSCR method (Leave-out-Sign-dominant-Correlation-Regions) provides confidence regions for the parameters of a system by evaluating a set of correlation functions calculated for the available data. To do the approximation for the whole region, the procedure must be repeated for each value of the parameter vector. The main attributes of LSCR are its validity for a finite set of data and the scarce assumptions on the noise. However, the procedure needs much computational effort, which limits its application to very simple cases. In this work some theoretical aspects of the LSCR method are improved and some implementation alternatives are suggested. It is also compared, in terms of computational effort, with Bootstrap, another way to obtain confidence regions.
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| 7. |
- Ramirez Villegas, Ricardo, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable Renovation and Operation of Family Houses for Improved Climate Efficiency
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference in Sustainability in Energy and Buildings (SEB´12). - Berlin : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642366451 ; , s. 107-117
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the developed world the existing stock of houses will provide shelter to the majority of population in the upcoming years. Houses are physical objects that consume material and energy and need to be maintained, repaired and restructured from time to time. In order to fulfill the requirements of the Kyoto Protocol and be comfortable for their inhabitants, the existing stock needs to be renovated. Strong disagreements between different parts of the scientific community and overlapping and contradictory concepts make the definition of sustainable renovation confusing. In this study, therefore, an approach of renovation and operation for higher energy efficiency and lower climate impact has been the main focus. Based on a systems analysis approach, the aim of this work is to evaluate cost and benefits of possible actions and choosing the most energy and cost effective approach of a series of alternatives. With the result of this analysis, a sustainable renovation and operation staircase is proposed. The work found that it is possible to develop a staircase manual for sustainable renovation and operation of family houses that follows a logical step-by-step approach and could result in considerable life cycle reductions in both costs and climate impact. The work also suggests that it is possible for academic experts to develop material in a simpler form and language to reach the public in a more understandable form.
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| 8. |
- Rodriguez, Ricardo, et al.
(författare)
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50,000 years of genetic uniformity in the critically endangered Iberian lynx
- 2011
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Ingår i: Molecular Ecology. - 0962-1083 .- 1365-294X. ; 20:18, s. 3785-3795
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low genetic diversity in the endangered Iberian lynx, including lack of mitochondrial control region variation, is thought to result from historical or Pleistocene/Holocene population bottlenecks, and to indicate poor long-term viability. We find no variability in control region sequences from 19 Iberian lynx remains from across the Iberian Peninsula and spanning the last 50 000 years. This is best explained by continuously small female effective population size through time. We conclude that low genetic variability in the Iberian lynx is not in itself a threat to long-term viability, and so should not preclude conservation efforts.
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