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- Aschan, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Xylene exposure. Electronystagmografic and gaschromatografic studies in rabbit
- 1977
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 84:1-6, s. 370-376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Complaints of vertigo from people who are exposed to industrial solvents have focused interest on their toxic effect on the nervous system. In order to evaluate the influence of an organic solvent, xylene, on the mammalian vestibular system, a series of rabbit experiments were performed. To achieve a constant concentration, the xylene was infused as a lipid emulsion. Blood concentrations were estimated by gas chromatography. Elec-tronystagmography in darkness revealed that at blood xylene concentrations of 30 ppm all rabbits had a positional nystagmus. The beat direction was the opposite of positional alcohol nystagmus. Another difference between the alcohol and the xylene reaction was that rotatory nystagmus responses were exaggerated. The relations between the present findings and the reactions and blood concentrations in people exposed to industrial solvents are discussed.
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- Larsby, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure of rabbits to methylchloroform. Vestibulardisturbances correlated to blood and cerebrospinal fluid levels
- 1978
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 41:1, s. 7-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A previously described experimental model for studying the effects on the central nervous system of rabbits, specifically the vestibular apparatus, has been applied to methylchloroform. To achieve a steady concentration the solvent was infused as a lipid emulsion. The blood and cerebrospinal fluid kinetics have been studied. The arterial blood level seems to be closely correlated to the concentration in the central nervous tissue. Vestibular function has been studied by recording the involuntary eye movements — nystagmus — which are elicited via central vestibulo-oculomotor connections. At blood levels of methylchloroform above 75 ppm a so called “positional nystagmus”, indicated vestibular disturbances, is demonstrated. The relationship between the present findings in rabbits and the reaction and blood concentrations in people exposed to industrial solvents, are discussed.
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- Larsby, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure of rabbits to styrene. Electronystagmographic findings correlated to the styrene level in blood and cerebrospinal fluid
- 1978
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 4:1, s. 60-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective methods for critically evaluating the toxic effect of industrial solvents are highly desirable. As many of these solvents are suspected to cause vertigo, an animal experimental model was set up for studying the effects of solvents on the vestibular systems. The vestibular function was studied by registration of involuntary eye movements--nystagmus--which are elicited via central vestibulo-oculomotor connections. During exposure to styrene a so-called positional nystagmus was demonstrated that indicated vestibular disturbances. Nystagmus is normally elicited by rotatory acceleration. During exposure to styrene the direction of this rotatory nystagmus was reversed. The incidence of the positional nystagmus correlated well with the blood level of the solvent, measured by gas chromatography. Kinetic studies also demonstrated a rapid equilibration between the level of the solvent in arterial blood and cerebrospinal fluid, and therefore suggested that estimation of the arterial level reliably indicates the level in the central nervous system.
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- Löfgren, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Goals for human planning
- 1979
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Ingår i: Improving the human condition: quality and stability in social systems : proceedings of the silver anniversary international meeting. - 0387904425 ; , s. 460-467
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Planning is compared with evolution. Evolution is the most powerful - and cruel, from a human point of view. Evolution does not plan, while planning man tries to avoid the cruel tests for fitness by founding his activities on a growing knowledge of evolution. Evolving man is studied in terms of his linguistic abilities which extend in for example technological domains. A linguistic complementarity for description and interpretation implies a steadily growing nature of knowledge and of planning. Planning processes are truncated for operability by the fixation of goals. Knowledge of a specific goal allows extended planning with a new goal on a higher level. A high-level goal for human planning is discussed, namely to complement the traditional fragmentary growth of knowledge with a systemsoriented growth, stimulated by revealing cycles in the knowledge process. Unfoldment of such cycles lead to a progressive knowledge of knowledge and to a planning for planning that satisfies our human drift for inquiry.
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