| 1. |
- Dello Russo, Marika, et al.
(författare)
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Dietary Diversity and Its Association with Diet Quality and Health Status of European Children, Adolescents, and Adults : Results from the I.Family Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Foods. - : MDPI. - 2304-8158. ; 12:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dietary diversity (DD) plays a crucial role in fostering high-quality diets, but its association with health outcomes, particularly body adiposity and non-communicable diseases (NCDs), is inconsistent. This may be due to a lack of a standardized method for estimating DD. Our study investigates the association between two DD indices, namely the dietary diversity score (DDS) and food variety score (FVS), and anthropometric measures, biochemical parameters, and diet quality in a large population sample from the I.Family study across research centers in eight European countries. In our cross-sectional analysis of 3035 participants, DDSs varied among countries, with a higher prevalence in the third DDS tertile among those with higher education. DDS showed a positive association with diet quality across all age groups. Higher DDS tertile individuals showed increased fiber, fruit, and vegetable intake, greater meal frequency, and lower ultra-processed food consumption. No relevant biochemical differences were observed across DDS tertiles, and a higher DDS was associated with lower overweight/obesity prevalence only in adults. No significant associations were found with FVS. Our findings emphasize the need to consider food groups for a more accurate estimation of diet quality. This aligns with studies suggesting DDS alone is not an independent risk factor for obesity in children and adolescents. Public health programs should prioritize food diversity to promote improved nutrition and overall well-being in communities.
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| 2. |
- Barreiro, Anabela, et al.
(författare)
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Multi3Generation : Multitask, Multilingual, Multimodal Language Generation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation. - : European Association for Machine Translation. ; , s. 345-346
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the Multitask, Multilingual, Multimodal Language Generation COST Action – Multi3Generatio(CA18231), an interdisciplinary networof research groups working on different aspects of language generation. This "meta-paper" will serve as reference for citationof the Action in future publications. It presents the objectives, challenges and a the links for the achieved outcomes.
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| 3. |
- Bertini, Claudia, et al.
(författare)
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An entropy-based approach for the optimization of rain gauge network using satellite and ground-based data
- 2021
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Ingår i: Hydrology Research. - : IWA Publishing. - 1998-9563 .- 2224-7955 .- 0029-1277. ; 52:3, s. 620-635
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accurate and precise rainfall records are crucial for hydrological applications and water resources management. The accuracy and continuity of ground-based time series rely on the density and distribution of rain gauges over territories. In the context of a decline of rain gauge distribution, how to optimize and design optimal networks is still an unsolved issue. In this work, we present a method to optimize a ground-based rainfall network using satellite-based observations, maximizing the information content of the network. We combine Climate Prediction Center MORPhing technique (CMORPH) observations at ungauged locations with an existing rain gauge network in the Rio das Velhas catchment, in Brazil. We use a greedy ranking algorithm to rank the potential locations to place new sensors, based on their contribution to the joint entropy of the network. Results show that the most informative locations in the catchment correspond to those areas with the highest rainfall variability and that satellite observations can be successfully employed to optimize rainfall monitoring networks.
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| 4. |
- Bertini, Claudia, et al.
(författare)
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On the Use of Satellite Rainfall Data to Design a Dam in an Ungauged Site
- 2020
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Ingår i: Water. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4441. ; 12:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The estimation of the design peak discharge is crucial for the hydrological design of hydraulic structures. A commonly used approach is to estimate the design storm through the intensity-duration-area-frequency (IDAF) curves and then use it to generate the design discharge through a hydrological model. In ungauged areas, IDAF curves and design discharges are derived throughout regionalization studies, if any exist for the area of interest, or from using the hydrological information of the closest and most similar gauged place. However, many regions around the globe remain ungauged or are very poorly gauged. In this regard, a unique opportunity is provided by satellite precipitation products developed and improved in the last decades. In this paper, we show weaknesses and potentials of satellite data and, for the first time, we evaluate their applicability for design purposes. We employ CMORPH-Climate Prediction Center MORPHing technique satellite precipitation estimates to build IDAF curves and derive the design peak discharges for the Pietrarossa dam catchment in southern Italy. Results are compared with the corresponding one provided by a regionalization study, i.e., VAPI-VAlutazione delle Piene in Italia project, usually used in Italy in ungauged areas. Results show that CMORPH performed well for the estimation of low duration and small return periods storm events, while for high return period storms, further research is still needed.
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| 5. |
- Brondizio, Eduardo S., et al.
(författare)
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Making place-based sustainability initiatives visible in the Brazilian Amazon
- 2021
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Ingår i: Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-3435 .- 1877-3443. ; 49, s. 66-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From state-based developmentalism to community-based initiatives to market-based conservation, the Brazilian Amazon has been a laboratory of development interventions for over 50 years. The region is now confronting a devastating COVID-19 pandemic amid renewed environmental pressures and increasing social inequities. While these forces are shaping the present and future of the region, the Amazon has also become an incubator of local innovations and efforts confronting these pressures. Often overlooked, place-based initiatives involving individual and collective-action have growing roles in promoting regional sustainability. We review the history of development interventions influencing the emergence of place-based initiatives and their potential to promoting changes in productive systems, value-aggregation and market-access, and governance arrangements improving living-standards and environmental sustainability. We provide examples of initiatives documented by the AGENTS project, contextualizing them within the literature. We reflect on challenges and opportunities affecting their trajectories at this critical juncture for the future of the region.
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| 6. |
- Londres, Marina, et al.
(författare)
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Place-based solutions for global social-ecological dilemmas : An analysis of locally grounded, diversified, and cross-scalar initiatives in the Amazon
- 2023
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Ingår i: Global Environmental Change. - 0959-3780 .- 1872-9495. ; 82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Amazon has a diverse array of social and environmental initiatives that adopt forest-based land-use practices to promote rural development and support local livelihoods. However, they are often insufficiently recognized as transformative pathways to sustainability and the factors that explain their success remain understudied. To address this gap, this paper proposes that local initiatives that pursue three particular pathways are more likely to generate improvements in social-ecological outcomes: (1) maintaining close connections with local grassroots, (2) pursuing diversity in productive activities performed and partnership choices, and (3) developing cross-scale collaborations. To test these ideas we collected and analyzed observations of 157 initiatives in Brazil and Peru, applying a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses. Our results show that initiatives maintaining groundedness in representing the interests and concerns of local actors while partnering with other organizations at multiple scales are more likely to develop joint solutions to social-ecological problems. Partnerships and support from external organizations may strengthen and enhance local capabilities, providing a platform for negotiating interests and finding common ground. Such diversified pathways demonstrate the power of local actors to transcend their own territories and have broader impacts in sustainability objectives. Our findings highlight the need to make governmental and non-governmental support (e.g., financial, technical, political) available according to local needs to enable local initiatives' own ways of addressing global environmental change.
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| 7. |
- Moccia, Benedetta, et al.
(författare)
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Probability distributions of daily rainfall extremes in Lazio and Sicily, Italy, and design rainfall inferences
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Hydrology. - : Elsevier. - 2214-5818. ; 33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study region: We investigate samples from two Italian regions, i.e. Lazio and Sicily, located in central and south Italy, respectively, and characterized by two diverse climates. Study focus: In engineering practice, the study of maxima daily rainfall values is commonly dealt with light-tailed probability distribution functions, such as the Gumbel. The choice of a distribution rather than another may cause estimation errors of rainfall values associated to specific return periods. Recently, several studies demonstrate that heavy-tailed distributions are preferable for extreme events modelling. Here, we opt for six theoretical probability distribution functions and evaluate their performance in fitting extreme precipitation samples. We select the samples with two common methods, i.e. the Peak-Over-Threshold and the Annual Maxima. We assess the best fitting distribution to the empirical samples of extreme values through the Ratio Mean Square Error Method and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. New hydrological insights for the region: The assessment of the best fitting distribution to daily rainfall of the two different areas investigated here leads to interesting remarks. Despite the diversity of their climate, results suggest that heavy-tailed distributions describe more accurately empirical data rather than light-tailed ones. Therefore, extreme events may have been largely underestimated in the past in both areas. The proposed investigation can prompt the choice of the best fitting probability distribution to evaluate the design hydrological quantities supporting common engineering practice.
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| 8. |
- Picetti, Edoardo, et al.
(författare)
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Early management of adult traumatic spinal cord injury in patients with polytrauma : a consensus and clinical recommendations jointly developed by the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) & the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS)
- 2024
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Ingår i: World Journal of Emergency Surgery. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1749-7922. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The early management of polytrauma patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) is a major challenge. Sparse data is available to provide optimal care in this scenario and worldwide variability in clinical practice has been documented in recent studies.Methods: A multidisciplinary consensus panel of physicians selected for their established clinical and scientific expertise in the acute management of tSCI polytrauma patients with different specializations was established. The World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) and the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS) endorsed the consensus, and a modified Delphi approach was adopted.Results: A total of 17 statements were proposed and discussed. A consensus was reached generating 17 recommendations (16 strong and 1 weak).Conclusions: This consensus provides practical recommendations to support a clinician's decision making in the management of tSCI polytrauma patients.
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