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- Jenkins, David J A, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of wheat bran on glycemic control and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Diabetes care. - 0149-5992. ; 25:9, s. 1522-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Cohort studies indicate that cereal fiber reduces the risk of diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD). Therefore, we assessed the effect of wheat bran on glycemic control and CHD risk factors in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 23 subjects with type 2 diabetes (16 men and 7 postmenopausal women) completed two 3-month phases of a randomized crossover study. In the test phase, bread and breakfast cereals were provided as products high in cereal fiber (19 g/day additional cereal fiber). In the control phase, supplements were low in fiber (4 g/day additional cereal fiber). RESULTS: Between the test and control treatments, no differences were seen in body weight, fasting blood glucose, HbA(1c), serum lipids, apolipoproteins, blood pressure, serum uric acid, clotting factors, homocysteine, C-reactive protein, magnesium, calcium, iron, or ferritin. LDL oxidation in the test phase was higher than that seen in the control phase (12.1 +/- 5.4%, P < 0.034). Of the subjects originally recruited, more dropped out of the study for health and food preference reasons from the control phase (16 subjects) than the test phase (11 subjects). CONCLUSIONS: High-fiber cereal foods did not improve conventional markers of glycemic control or risk factors for CHD in type 2 diabetes over 3 months. Possibly longer studies are required to demonstrate the benefits of cereal fiber. Alternatively, cereal fiber in the diet may be a marker for another component of whole grains that imparts health advantages or a healthy lifestyle.
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- Neidhardt, Jörg, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Structural, mechanical and tribological behavior of fullerene-like and amorphous carbon nitride coatings
- 2004
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Ingår i: Diamond and related materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-9635 .- 1879-0062. ; 13:10, s. 1882-1888
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mechanical and tribological properties of fullerene-like (FL) and amorphous carbon nitride (CNX) coatings synthesized by reactive unbalanced magnetron sputtering were analyzed and compared to carbon coatings deposited without N2. Elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) was used to determine the amount of incorporated nitrogen while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to study the local bonding environment. Nano-indentation revealed a large spread in hardness, elastic modulus and elastic recovery. The tribological performance of the coatings was tested with a reciprocating sliding tribometer that allowed in situ visualization of the sliding contact. Tests were performed with a sapphire hemisphere sliding at 4 mm/s in dry and ambient humidity air. Friction coefficients of the FL-CN X coatings in both humidities were slightly higher than those of diamond-like carbon coatings (DLC), the values were between 0.1 and 0.25, dropping as the bias voltage increased. FL-CNX coatings had higher wear resistance than amorphous CNX, DLC and graphite coatings in sliding contact although the hardnesses of the coatings were comparable. Wear rates of the FL-CNX coatings in ambient air were lower than in dry air and orders of magnitude lower than the other carbon coatings. Furthermore, the most wear-resistant high-temperature FL-CNX coating had the highest hardness, but the shortest wear life of the three high-temperature FL-CN X coatings. In situ visualization indicated films transferred from the coating to the sapphire hemisphere, the transfer film isolated the hemisphere from the coating, thereby controlling both the friction coefficient and the wear behavior. Effects of deposition conditions, structure and hardness on wear and friction behavior are discussed. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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