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| 3. |
- Accomando, E., et al.
(författare)
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Physics with e + e - linear colliders
- 1998
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - 0370-1573. ; 299:1, s. 1-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The physics potential of e + e - linear colliders is summarized in this report. These machines are planned to operate in the first phase at a center-of-mass energy of 500 GeV, before being scaled up to about 1 TeV. In the second phase of the operation, a final energy of about 2 TeV is expected. The machines will allow us to perform precision tests of the heavy particles in the Standard Model, the top quark and the electroweak bosons. They are ideal facilities for exploring the properties of Higgs particles, in particular in the intermediate mass range. New vector bosons and novel matter particles in extended gauge theories can be searched for and studied thoroughly. The machines provide unique opportunities for the discovery of particles in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model, the spectrum of Higgs particles, the supersymmetric partners of the electroweak gauge and Higgs bosons, and of the matter particles. High precision analyses of their properties and interactions will allow for extrapolations to energy scales close to the Planck scale where gravity becomes significant. In alternative scenarios, i.e. compositeness models, novel matter particles and interactions can be discovered and investigated in the energy range above the existing colliders up to the TeV scale. Whatever scenario is realized in Nature, the discovery potential of e + e - linear colliders and the high precision with which the properties of particles and their interactions can be analyzed, define an exciting physics program complementary to hadron machines.
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- Crenshaw, D. M., et al.
(författare)
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Multiwavelength observations of short-timescale variability in NGC 4151. I. Ultraviolet observations
- 1996
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 470:1, s. 322-335335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presents the results of an intensive ultraviolet monitoring campaign on the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151, as part of an effort to study its short-timescale variability over a broad range in wavelength. The nucleus of NGC 4151 was observed continuously with the International Ultraviolet Explorer for 9.3 days, yielding a pair of LWP and SWP spectra every ~70 minutes, and during 4 hr periods for 4 days prior to and 5 days after the continuous-monitoring period. The sampling frequency of the observations is an order of magnitude higher than that of any previous UV monitoring campaign on a Seyfert galaxy. The continuum fluxes in bands from 1275 to 2688 Aring went through four significant and well-defined ldquoeventsrdquo of duration 2-3 days during the continuous-monitoring period. The authors find that the amplitudes of the continuum variations decrease with increasing wavelength, which extends a general trend for this and other Seyfert galaxies to smaller timescales (i.e., a few days). The continuum variations in all the UV bands are simultaneous to within an accuracy of ~0.15 days, providing a strict constraint on continuum models. The emission-line light curves show only one major event during the continuous monitoring (a slow rise followed by a shallow dip) and do not correlate well with continuum light curves over the short duration of the campaign, because the timescale for continuum variations is apparently smaller than the response times of the emission lines
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| 9. |
- Edelson, R. A., et al.
(författare)
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Multiwavelength observations of short-timescale variability in NGC 4151. IV. Analysis of multiwavelength continuum variability
- 1996
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 470:1, s. 364-377377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For pt.III see ibid., vol.470, no.1, p.349-63 (1996). Combines data from the three preceding papers in order to analyze the multi wave-band variability and spectral energy distribution of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151 during the 1993 December monitoring campaign. The source, which was near its peak historical brightness, showed strong, correlated variability at X-ray, ultraviolet, and optical wavelengths. The strongest variations were seen in medium-energy (~1.5 keV) X-rays, with a normalized variability amplitude (NVA) of 24%. Weaker (NVA=6%) variations (uncorrelated with those at lower energies) were seen at soft gamma-ray energies of ~100 keV. No significant variability was seen in softer (0.1-1 keV) X-ray bands. In the ultraviolet/optical regime, the NVA decreased from 9% to 1% as the wavelength increased from 1275 to 6900 Aring. These data do not probe extreme ultraviolet (1200 Aring to 0.1 keV) or hard X-ray (250 keV) variability. The phase differences between variations in different bands were consistent with zero lag, with upper limits of lsim0.15 day between 1275 Aring and the other ultraviolet bands, lsim0.3 day between 1275 Aring and 1.5 keV, and lsim1 day between 1275 and 5125 Aring. These tight limits represent more than an order of magnitude improvement over those determined in previous multi-wave-band AGN monitoring campaigns. The ultraviolet fluctuation power spectra showed no evidence for periodicity, but were instead well fitted with a very steep, red power law (ales-2.5)
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| 10. |
- Gale, S. J., et al.
(författare)
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Band termination spectroscopy in 157Er
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. - 0954-3899. ; 21:2, s. 193-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The level scheme of 157Er has been extended from a spin region where the nucleus behaves as a prolate rotor to a region where the spin is produced by the alignment of all or most of the available valence nucleons along the symmetry axis of a weakly deformed oblate shape. The level scheme was established at high spin using up to four-fold gamma -ray coincidences detected in the Eurogam spectrometer following the reaction 114Cd( 48Ca,5n)157Er at a bombarding energy of 210 MeV. Particularly favoured states have been established at IK=69/2+, 81/2+, 71/2+, 77/2-, 87-/2 and 89-/2. Specific single-particle configurations are assigned to these special states by comparison with cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations. These states are related to structures observed in the neighbouring nuclei 158Er and 157Ho. These data provide the spectrum of single-particle states for the lowest lying valence orbitals above the 146Gd closed core.
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| 11. |
- Dunham, I, et al.
(författare)
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The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22
- 1999
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 402:6761, s. 489-495
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 12. |
- Fischer, S M, et al.
(författare)
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Alignment additivity in the two-quasiparticle superdeformed bands of Tl-192
- 1996
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 53:5, s. 2126-2133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four superdeformed bands have been confirmed in Tl-192. Two of these bands have T-(2) dynamic moments of inertia which are nearly constant with rotational frequency HBAR omega. The other two bands show the characteristic rise of T-(2) with increasing HBAR omega seen in most superdeformed bands of the A = 190 region of superdeformation. From comparisons with the odd-A neighbors, it was found that the alignments of these bands relative to a Hg-192 core can be accounted for from the additive contributions of the assigned quasiproton and quasineutron orbitals.
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| 13. |
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| 15. |
- Beausang, C W, et al.
(författare)
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Lifetimes of yrast and excited superdeformed states in Gd-150 : effect of particle-hole excitations on the deformation
- 1998
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 417:1-2, s. 13-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The quadrupole moments and deformations have been measured for six superdeformed bands in Gd-150. The results indicate evidence for deformation driving properties of both the high-hi intruder and also low-N natural parity states at the superdeformed Fermi surface. Several new transitions have been identified and placed in the low spin non-yrast portion of one of the SD bands.
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| 18. |
- Campieri, M, et al.
(författare)
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Oral budesonide is as effective as oral prednisolone in active Crohn's disease. The Global Budesonide Study Group
- 1997
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 41:2, s. 209-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background—The use of corticosteroids in active Crohn’s disease often becomes limited by side effects. Budesonide is a potent corticosteroid with low systemic bioavailability due to an extensive first pass liver metabolism.Aims—To compare the efficacy and safety of two dosage regimens of budesonide and prednisolone in patients with active Crohn’s disease affecting the ileum and/or the ascending colon.Patients and methods—One hundred and seventy eight patients were randomised to receive budesonide controlled ileal release (CIR) capsules 9 mg once daily or 4.5 mg twice daily, or prednisolone tablets 40 mg once daily. The treatment period was 12 weeks. The primary efficacy variable was clinical remission, defined as a Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI) of 150 or less.Results—After eight weeks of treatment, remission occurred in 60% of patients receiving budesonide once daily or prednisolone and in 42% of those receiving budesonide twice daily (p=0.062). The presence of glucocorticoid associated side effects was similar in all groups; however, moon face was more common in the prednisolone group (p=0.0005). The highest frequency of impaired adrenal function, as measured by a short ACTH test, was found in the prednisolone group (p=0.0023).Conclusions—Budesonide CIR, administered at 9 mg once daily or 4.5 mg twice daily, is comparable to prednisolone in inducing remission in active Crohn’s disease. The single dose administration is as promptly effective as prednisolone and represents a simpler and safer therapeutic approach, with a considerable reduction in side effects.
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| 19. |
- Eriksson, Jan W, et al.
(författare)
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Glucose turnover and adipose tissue lipolysis are insulin-resistant in healthy relatives of type 2 diabetes patients : is cellular insulin resistance a secondary phenomenon?
- 1999
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 48:8, s. 1572-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To elucidate potential mechanisms for insulin resistance occurring early in the development of type 2 diabetes, we studied 10 young healthy individuals, each with two first-degree relatives with type 2 diabetes, and 10 control subjects without known type 2 diabetic relatives. They were pairwise matched for age (35 +/- 1 vs. 35 +/- 1 years), BMI (23.6 +/- 0.6 vs. 23.1 +/- 0.4 kg/m2), and sex (four men, six women). Glucose turnover was assessed during a euglycemic clamp at two insulin levels (low approximately 20 mU/l; high approximately 90 mU/l), and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) lipolysis and blood flow were concomitantly studied with microdialysis and 133Xe clearance. HbA1c was higher in patients with type 2 diabetic relatives than in control subjects (4.8 +/- 0.1 vs. 4.5 +/- 0.1%, P < 0.02), but fasting glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels were similar. During the clamp, the insulin sensitivity index for glucose disposal was lower (P < 0.03) in relatives than in control subjects (low 12.0 +/- 1.6 vs. 18.1 +/- 1.4; high 9.4 +/- 0.8 vs. 12.9 +/- 0.6 [100 x mg x l x kg(-1) x mU(-1) x min(-1)]). This difference was partially attributed to slightly higher clamp insulin levels in the relatives (P < 0.03), suggesting an impaired rate for insulin clearance. SAT lipolysis measured as in situ glycerol release did not differ under basal conditions (2.0 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.1 +/- 0.2 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1)), but the suppression during the insulin infusion was less marked in relatives than in control subjects (glycerol release: low 0.92 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.68 +/- 0.16; high 0.71 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.34 +/- 0.10 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1); P < 0.03). Plasma nonesterified fatty acids also tended to be higher in relatives than in control subjects during the insulin infusion (NS). In contrast, in vitro experiments with isolated subcutaneous adipocytes displayed similar effects of insulin in relatives and control subjects with respect to both glucose uptake and antilipolysis. In conclusion, insulin action in vivo on both lipolysis and glucose uptake is impaired early in the development of type 2 diabetes. Since this impairment was not found in isolated adipocytes, it may be suggested that neural or hormonal perturbations precede cellular insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.
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