| 1. |
- Alhadad, Alaa, et al.
(författare)
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Erythromelalgia: Incidence and clinical experience in a single centre in Sweden.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Vasa: European Journal of Vascular Medicine. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 0301-1526. ; 41:1, s. 43-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Erythromelalgia (EM) incidence has not been well studied and there are only two studies published on this subject as far as we know. The aims are to study the incidence of this rare condition in the south of Sweden, to report the clinical experience from a single centre including characterisation of comorbidity and to report on prognosis. Patients and methods: Retrospective study of a population-based analysis of data from the southernmost part of Sweden corresponding to the median age of the patients (Statistics Sweden). The diagnosis of EM is based on the medical record reflecting the triad of redness, burning pain and increased temperature of the feet or hands or both. We evaluated the presence or absence of EM triad by recording the history, physical examination, laboratory analysis, cold provocation test and laser Doppler imaging, and by searching for any confounding disease in cases of suspected EM. Results: During a 10.5 year period we clinically identified 27 patients with EM. Median age was 49 [IQR (34 - 68)] years, 19 (70 %) were women. The mean delay from the onset of the symptoms to the time of diagnosis was 4.5 (SD ± 3.9) years. Gender and age adjusted incidence of EM for our region was calculated to be 0.36 per 100 000 persons per year. Three patients developed intraabdominal cancer during the follow up, but there was no mortality directed related to EM. Conclusions: The overall population-based incidence of erythromelalgia was 0.36 per 100 000 which is identical with a previous report in a Scandinavian population.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Morgan, et al.
(författare)
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Barrier-enforcing measures as treatment principle in allergic rhinitis: a systematic review
- 2014
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Ingår i: Current Medical Research and Opinion. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1473-4877 .- 0300-7995. ; 30:6, s. 1131-1137
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and objectives Barrier-enforcing measures have been suggested as treatment options for allergic rhinitis. This review identifies and describes the literature on the subject. Methods Relevant publications were searched for in the PubMed database (search entries: 'allergic rhinitis' and 'treatment'). The evaluation comprised condition (seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis), type of intervention, duration of treatment, study design, peer review status or not, number of test subjects, type of allergen exposure, and outcome in terms of effects or not on nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis. Results Fifteen studies were either identified in the PubMed database search or from the reference lists of identified publications. Seven were placebo-controlled, randomized, and peer-reviewed, and symptom-reducing effects were reported by all of these reports. Limitations of this review reflect that the remainder of the studies had inferior designs, particularly lack of placebo control. Conclusions Barrier-enforcing measures as achieved by nasal administrations of cellulose powder and microemulsions, respectively, have symptom-reducing effects in allergic rhinitis.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Morgan, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a topical microemulsion in house dust mite allergic rhinitis.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology. - : Wiley. - 1742-7843 .- 1742-7835. ; 108:2, s. 146-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously demonstrated that a topical microemulsion can attenuate symptoms and signs of seasonal allergic rhinitis. This likely reflects that the microemulsion interferes with the interaction between the allergen and the mucosa. Whether or not the finding translates to conditions caused by other inhaled agents such as house dust mite allergen is unknown. Patients with perennial allergic rhinitis caused by house dust mite were subjected to topical microemulsion treatment in a randomized, double-blinded and crossover design with isotonic saline as control. Morning symptoms were monitored, change from baseline was assessed and the treatments were compared. On the first days of the isotonic saline and microemulsion runs, before any treatment was given, total nasal symptoms were scored to 2.8 and 3.1 (range 0-9), respectively. Nasal symptoms were reduced by intervention with the microemulsion: the change from baseline was consistent for the microemulsion and the difference between the microemulsion and isotonic saline reached statistical significance in favour of the former. We conclude that intervention with a microemulsion may reduce symptoms of house dust mite allergic rhinitis at natural allergen exposure. Our findings suggest the possibility that topical microemulsions can be a useful option to reduce nasal mucosal exposure to allergen in perennial allergic rhinitis..
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| 4. |
- Bernspång, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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CT lung densitometry in young adults with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
- 2011
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 105:1, s. 74-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Severe (PiZZ) and moderate (PiSZ) alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency predispose to lung emphysema, especially in smokers. We hypothesized that multi-slice computed tomography (CT) might be superior to pulmonary function tests (PFT) to detect lung emphysema in AAT-deficient individuals at the age of 32 years. Methods: A subgroup of PiZZ and PiSZ individuals identified during the Swedish newborn screening programme in 1972-74 underwent multi-slice CT and PFT at the age of 32 years. From the CT scans the percentile density at 15% (PD15) and the relative area below -910 Hounsfield Units (RA(-910) HU) were calculated. The results of PFT and CT were compared between the AAT-deficient individuals and an age-matched control group. Results: Twenty-five PiZZ, 11 PiSZ and 17 PiMM individuals participated in the study. All Pi subgroups had normal lung function. The mean PD15 was 81 (SD 22) g/L in the PiZZ individuals, 96 (SD 35) g/L in the PiSZ individuals and 79 (SD 17) g/L in the PiMM individuals (ns), and the RA-910 were 30 (SD 18)%, 24 (SD 20)%, and 32 (SD 18)%, respectively (ns). For the never-smoker subgroups, in the PiZZ (n = 23), PiSZ (n = 8) and PiMM (n = 12), the mean PD15 were 95 (SD 35) g/L, 81 (SD 22) g/L, and 75 (SD 12) g/L, respectively (ns). PD15 was significantly correlated to CT derived lung size (r = -0.72; p < 0.001). Conclusions: CT densitometry revealed no signs of emphysema and no differences between the AAT-deficient individuals identified by neonatal screening and age-matched control subjects.
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| 5. |
- Cereda, Maurizio, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative imaging of alveolar recruitment with hyperpolarized gas MRI during mechanical ventilation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1522-1601 .- 8750-7587. ; 110:2, s. 499-511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess the utility of He-3 MRI to noninvasively probe the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) maneuvers on alveolar recruitment and atelectasis buildup in mechanically ventilated animals. Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 13) were anesthetized, intubated, and ventilated in the supine position (He-4-to-O-2 ratio: 4:1; tidal volume: 10 ml/kg, 60 breaths/min, and inspiration-to-expiration ratio: 1:2). Recruitment maneuvers consisted of either a stepwise increase of PEEP to 9 cmH(2)O and back to zero end-expiratory pressure or alternating between these two PEEP levels. Diffusion MRI was performed to image He-3 apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps in the middle coronal slices of lungs (n = 10). ADC was measured immediately before and after two recruitment maneuvers, which were separated from each other with a wait period (8-44 min). We detected a statistically significant decrease in mean ADC after each recruitment maneuver. The relative ADC change was -21.2 +/- 4.1 % after the first maneuver and -9.7 +/- 5.8 % after the second maneuver. A significant relative increase in mean ADC was observed over the wait period between the two recruitment maneuvers. The extent of this ADC buildup was time dependent, as it was significantly related to the duration of the wait period. The two postrecruitment ADC measurements were similar, suggesting that the lungs returned to the same state after the recruitment maneuvers were applied. No significant intrasubject differences in ADC were observed between the corresponding PEEP levels in two rats that underwent three repeat maneuvers. Airway pressure tracings were recorded in separate rats undergoing one PEEP maneuver (n = 3) and showed a significant relative difference in peak inspiratory pressure between pre- and poststates. These observations support the hypothesis of redistribution of alveolar gas due to recruitment of collapsed alveoli in presence of atelectasis, which was also supported by the decrease in peak inspiratory pressure after recruitment maneuvers.
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| 6. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Aerobic capacity related to cardiac size in young children.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. - 0022-4707. ; 53:1, s. 42-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim:Aerobic capacity, defined as peak oxygen uptake (VO2PEAK), is generally considered to be the best single marker for aerobic fitness. We assessed if VO2PEAK is related to different cardiac dimensions in healthy young children on a population base. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 245 children (137 boys and 108 girls) aged 8-11 years, were recruited from a population based cohort. VO2PEAK (ml/min-1/kg-1) was assessed by indirect calorimetry during a maximal exercise test. DXA-scan was used to measure lean body mass (LBM) and total fat mass (TBF). Echocardiography, with 2-dimensional guided M-mode, was performed in accordance with current guidelines. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDD) and left atrial end-systolic diameter (LA) were measured, and left ventricular mass (LVM) was calculated. Results: Univariate correlations were found between VO2PEAK versus LVDD r=0.44 and LA r=0.27 (both P<0.05) and LVM r=-0.06 (NS) in boys. Corresponding values for girls were; 0.55, 0.34 (both P<0.05) and 0.11 (NS). Multiple regression analysis with VO2PEAK as dependent variable and inclusion of LBM, TBF, sex, age, Tanner stage, and maximal heart rate as independent variables showed that 67% of the total variance of VO2PEAK could be explained by these variables. Including LVDD or LA in the model, added 1% additional explained variance. Conclusion: Findings from this population based cohort of young healthy children show that multiple cardiac dimensions at rest are related to VO2PEAK. However, the different cardiac dimensions contributed very little to the added explained variance of VO2PEAK.
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| 7. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Aerobic fitness related to cardiovascular risk factors in young children.
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1076 .- 0340-6199. ; 171:4, s. 705-710
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low aerobic fitness (maximum oxygen uptake (VO(2PEAK))) is predictive for poor health in adults. In a cross-sectional study, we assessed if VO(2PEAK) is related to a composite risk factor score for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in 243 children (136 boys and 107 girls) aged 8 to 11 years. VO(2PEAK) was assessed by indirect calorimetry during a maximal exercise test and scaled by body mass (milliliters per minute per kilogram). Total body fat mass (TBF) and abdominal fat mass (AFM) were measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Total body fat was expressed as a percentage of total body mass (BF%) and body fat distribution as AFM/TBF. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SDP and DBP) and resting heart rate (RHR) were measured. The mean artery pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP) were calculated. Echocardiography, 2D-guided M-mode, was performed. Left atrial diameter (LA) was measured and left ventricular mass (LVM) and relative wall thickness (RWT) were calculated. Z scores (value for the individual - mean value for group)/SD were calculated by sex. The sum of z scores for DBP, SDP, PP, MAP, RHR, LVM, LA, RWT, BF%, AFM and AFM/TBF were calculated in boys and girls, separately, and used as composite risk factor score for CVD. Pearson correlation revealed significant associations between VO(2PEAK) and composite risk factor score in both boys (r = -0.48 P < 0.05) and in girls (r = -0.42, P < 0.05). One-way ANOVA analysis indicated significant differences in composite risk factor score between the different quartiles of VO(2PEAK) (P < 0.001); thus, higher VO(2PEAK) was associated with lower composite risk factor score for CVD. In conclusion, low VO(2PEAK) is associated with an elevated composite risk factor score for CVD in both young boys and girls.
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| 8. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Body Fat, Abdominal Fat, and Body Fat Distribution Is Related to Left Atrial Diameter in Young Children.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1930-739X .- 1930-7381. ; 20, s. 1104-1108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In adults, the size of the left atria (LA) has important prognostic information. In obese adults, adolescents and children enlargement of LA have been observed. This has not been investigated on a population-based level in young children. We therefore assessed if total body fat mass (TBF), abdominal fat, and body fat distribution were related to LA diameter. Cross-sectional study of 244 children (boys = 137 and girls n = 107) aged 8-11 years, recruited from an urban population-based cohort. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured total lean body mass, TBF, and abdominal fat mass (AFM). Body fat was also calculated as a percentage of body mass (BF%). Body fat distribution (AFM/TBF) was calculated. Echocardiography was performed with two-dimensional guided M-mode. LA diameter was measured and left ventricular mass (LVM) was calculated. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were measured and maturity assessed according to Tanner. There were significant (P < 0.05) univariate correlations for all children between TBF (r = 0.40), BF% (r = 0.32), AFM (r = 0.41), and AFM/TBF (r = 0.41) vs. LA diameter. Multiple regression analyses with the inclusion of possible confounders such as lean body mass, blood pressure, gender, age, and Tanner stage revealed that TBF, AFM, and AFM/TBF were all independently related to LA diameter. Differences in the different body fat measurements explained 6-9% of the variance in LA size. These results demonstrated that both total body fat, AFM, and body fat distribution are already at a young age negatively and independently associated to LA diameter.
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| 9. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Body fat, abdominal fat and body fat distribution related to cardiovascular risk factors in pre-pubertal children.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Pædiatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 101:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim We analysed whether total body fat, abdominal fat and body fat distribution are associated with higher composite risk factor scores for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in young children. Methods Cross-sectional study of 238 children aged 8-11 years. Total body fat (TBF) and abdominal fat mass (AFM) were measured by DXA. TBF was expressed as a percentage of body weight (BF%). Body fat distribution was calculated as AFM/TBF. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2PEAK) ), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), and resting heart rate (RHR) were measured. Mean artery pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP) were calculated. Left atrial diameter (LA) was measured, and left ventricular mass (LVM) and relative wall thickness (RWT) were calculated. Z-scores were calculated. Sum of z-scores for SBP, DBP, MAP, PP, RHR, LVM, LA, RWT, and -VO(2PEAK) were calculated in boys and girls, separately, and used as composite risk factor score. Results Pearson correlations between ln BF%, ln AFM and AFM/TBF versus composite risk factor score for boys were r=0.56, r=0.59, and r=0.48, all P<0.001, and for girls r=0.45, r=0.50, and r=0.48, all P<0.001. Conclusion Total body fat, abdominal fat and body fat distribution were all associated with higher composite risk factor scores for CVD in young children. © 2012 The Author(s)/Acta Paediatrica © 2012 Foundation Acta Paediatrica.
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| 10. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Body fat, abdominal fat and body fat distribution related to VO(2PEAK) in young children.
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Pediatric Obesity. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1747-7174 .- 1747-7166. ; 6:2-2, s. 597-602
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objective. Aerobic fitness, defined as maximum oxygen uptake (VO(2PEAK)), and body fat measurements represent two known risk factors for disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between VO(2PEAK) and body fat measurements in young children at a population-based level. Methods. Cross-sectional study of 225 children (128 boys and 97 girls) aged 8-11 years, recruited from a population-based cohort. Total lean body mass (LBM), total fat mass (TBF), and abdominal fat mass (AFM) were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Body fat was also calculated as a percentage of body mass (BF%) and body fat distribution as AFM/TBF. VO(2PEAK) was assessed by indirect calorimetry during maximal exercise test. Results. Significant relationships existed between body fat measurements and VO(2PEAK) in both boys and girls, with Pearson correlation coefficients for absolute values of VO(2PEAK) (0.22-0.36, P< 0.05), and for VO(2PEAK) scaled by body mass (-0.38 - -0.70, P<0.05). No relationships were detected for VO(2PEAK) scaled to LBM (-0.17-0.04, all not significant). Boys and girls in the lowest quartile according to body fat measurements had higher absolute values of VO(2PEAK) and lower values of VO(2PEAK) scaled by body mass, compared with those in the highest quartile. No differences were found for VO(2PEAK) scaled to LBM. Conclusions. Our findings document the coexistence of two known risk factors for disease at a young age and confirms that VO(2PEAK) was scaled to LBM may be a better, body fat independent way of expressing fitness.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Dencker, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Tracking of Physical Activity with Accelerometers Over a Two-year Time Period.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Activity & Health. - 1543-5474. ; 10:2, s. 241-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Limited data exists of tracking and changes in accelerometer measured physical activity in children. METHODS: Physical activity was assessed by accelerometers for four days in 167 children (boys n=90, girls n=77), aged 9.8±0.6 years. Follow-up measurement was made 2.0±0.1 yrs later (range 1.9-2.1 yrs). General physical activity (GPA) was defined as mean count/minute. Minutes of inactivity, light- moderate- and vigorous physical activity (LMVPA), moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and vigorous physical activity (VPA) per day were calculated both as absolute values and as percentage of total registration time. RESULTS: Spearman rank order correlation indicated low tracking of MVPA and VPA in girls (r=0.25-0.33, P<0.05), and low-moderate tracking of GPA, inactivity, LMVPA, MVPA and VPA in boys (r=0.23-0.40, P<0.05). Time in inactivity increased at follow-up by 5-14%. Most of the assessed physical activity variables were decreased at follow-up by 6-30%. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity tracks at a low-moderate degree from age 10 to age 12 years, which confirm previous investigations that have used self-report assessments. The low-moderate tracking of physical activity variables indicate that those who were most active initially remained most active. Increasing inactive behaviour was observed and that several other physical activity variables were decreased at follow-up.
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| 13. |
- Elgzyri, Targ, et al.
(författare)
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First-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients have reduced expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism in skeletal muscle
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 97:7, s. E1332-E1337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: First-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes (FH+) have been shown to have decreased energy expenditure and decreased expression of mitochondrial genes in skeletal muscle. In previous studies, it has been difficult to distinguish whether mitochondrial dysfunction and differential regulation of genes are primary (genetic) or due to reduced physical activity, obesity, or other correlated factors.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether mitochondrial dysfunction is a primary defect or results from an altered metabolic state.Design: We compared gene expression in skeletal muscle from 24 male subjects with FH and 26 without FH matched for age, glucose tolerance, VO2peak (peak oxygen uptake), and body mass index using microarrays. Additionally, type fiber composition, mitochondrial DNA content, and citrate synthase activity were measured. The results were followed up in an additional cohort with measurements of in vivo metabolism. Results: FH+ vs. FH- subjects showed reduced expression of mitochondrial genes (P = 2.75 x 10(-6)), particularly genes involved in fatty acid metabolism (P = 4.08 x 10(-7)), despite similar mitochondrial DNA content. Strikingly, a 70% reduced expression of the monoamine oxidase A(MAOA) gene was found in FH+ vs. FH- individuals (P = 0.0009). Down-regulation of the genes involved in fat metabolism was associated with decreased in vivo fat oxidation and increased glucose oxidation examined in an additional cohort of elderly men.Conclusions: These results suggest that genetically altered fatty acid metabolism predisposes to type 2 diabetes and propose a role for catecholamine-metabolizing enzymes like MAOA in the regulation of energy metabolism. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97: E1332-E1337, 2012)
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| 14. |
- Frantz, Sophia, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between lung function and alcohol consumption - Assessed by both a questionnaire and a blood marker.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-3064 .- 0954-6111. ; 108:1, s. 114-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies on the influence of alcohol consumption on lung function have shown conflicting results. Self-reported alcohol consumption may be inaccurate. This study used both a validated alcohol questionnaire and a blood marker of heavy alcohol consumption, and examined potential associations with different lung physiological variables.
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| 15. |
- Frantz, Sophia, et al.
(författare)
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Atherosclerotic plaques in the internal carotid artery and associations with lung function assessed by different methods.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - 1475-0961. ; 32:2, s. 120-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous studies on associations between reduced lung function and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have mainly been based on forced expiratory volume in 1-s (FEV(1) ) and vital capacity (VC). This study examined potential associations between five different lung function variables and plaques in the internal carotid artery (ICA). Methods: Subjects (n = 450) from a previous population-based respiratory questionnaire survey [current smokers without lower respiratory symptoms, subjects with a self-reported diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and never-smokers without lower respiratory symptoms] were examined using spirometry, body plethysmography and measurements of diffusing capacity for CO (D(L,CO) ). Plaques in the ICA were assessed by ultrasonography. Results: Two hundred and twenty subjects were current smokers, 139 ex-smokers and 89 never-smokers. COPD was diagnosed in 130 subjects (GOLD criteria). Plaques in the ICA were present in 231 subjects (52%). General linear analysis with adjustment for established risk factors for atherosclerosis, including C-reactive protein, showed that D(L,CO) was lower [77·4% versus 83·7% of predicted normal (PN), P = 0·014] and residual volume (RV) was higher (110·3% versus 104·8% of PN, P = 0·020) in subjects with than without plaques in the ICA. This analysis did not show any statistically significant association between plaques and FEV(1) or VC. Conclusion: The occurrence of plaques in the ICA was associated with low D(L,CO) and high RV, but not significantly with FEV(1) or COPD status. The results suggest that the relationships between reduced lung function, COPD and CVD are complex and not only linked to bronchial obstruction and low-grade systemic inflammation.
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| 16. |
- Frantz, Sophia, et al.
(författare)
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Impulse oscillometry may be of value in detecting early manifestations of COPD.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-3064 .- 0954-6111. ; 106:8, s. 1116-1123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Spirometry is used to diagnose chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The Impulse oscillometry system (IOS) allows determination of respiratory impedance indices, which might be of potential value in early COPD, although previous experience is limited. We examined pulmonary resistance and reactance measured by IOS in subjects with or without self-reported chronic bronchitis or emphysema or COPD (Q+ or Q-) and subjects with or without COPD diagnosed according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria (G+ or G-). METHODS: From a previous population-based study 450 subjects were examined with spirometry and IOS and answered a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms and diseases. RESULTS: Seventy-seven subjects were Q+, of whom 34 also were G+. Q+/G- subjects (n = 43) reported respiratory symptoms more frequently (35-40% vs 8-14%) but had higher FEV(1) (100% vs 87%) than Q-/G+ subjects (n = 90), p < 0.05 for both comparisons. Q+ subjects had higher pulmonary resistance and lower pulmonary reactance than Q- subjects (p < 0.01 for all comparisons). The same pattern was seen both in G+ subjects ((Q+/Q-) R5 0.39/0.32, R5-R20 0.10/0.07, X5 0.13/0.09, AX 0.55/0.27, p < 0.05 for all) and G- subjects ((Q+/Q-) R5 0.35/0.29, R5-R20 0.08/0.06, X5 0.10/0.08, AX 0.31/0.19 p < 0.05 for all) except for R20 (adjusted for gender and age). CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported chronic bronchitis or emphysema or COPD was associated with higher pulmonary resistance and lower pulmonary reactance measured by IOS, both among subjects with and without COPD according to GOLD criteria. IOS may have the potential to detect pathology associated with COPD earlier than spirometry.
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| 17. |
- Furuäng, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiac ventricular dimensions predict cognitive decline and cerebral blood flow abnormalities in aging men.
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2318. ; 13:May,15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study are to examine possible associations between left cardiac ventricular measures in sixth decade and cognitive performance, both cross sectionally and longitudinally, and to examine if left cardiac ventricular measures could predict future changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF).
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| 18. |
- Grayson, Samuel, et al.
(författare)
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Blood flow dynamics in reconstructed auricles
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. - 2000-656X. ; 47:4, s. 313-316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ear reconstruction with autologous rib cartilage is performed in stages. Restitution of blood flow between the separate stages is crucial to obtain a good result. Laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI) and local temperature were measured in reconstructed and normal ears in response to indirect heating. Ten persons who had had a unilateral ear reconstruction were included in the study. At a minimum, 157 days had passed since the last operation. LDPI showed no difference in blood flow between the reconstructed ear and the normal ear, neither before nor after indirect heating. The upper part of the normal ear was slightly cooler than the corresponding part in the reconstructed ear. Indirect heating caused an increase of LDPI-values and temperatures in the upper, middle, and lower part of the ear both in the reconstructed ear and the normal one. Skin blood flow recovers after 3-stage ear reconstruction and shows normal dynamic response upon indirect heating.
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| 19. |
- Hammar, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Impaired Gastric Emptying in Primary Sjogren's Syndrome.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Rheumatology. - : The Journal of Rheumatology. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; Okt, s. 2313-2318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of impaired gastric emptying (IGE) and its relation to autonomic nervous dysfunction (AD), functional bowel syndrome, and inflammatory and serological variables in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with pSS according to the American-European Consensus Criteria were included in the study. Gastric emptying was evaluated by the octanoate breath test from which half-time (t(half)) and lag-time (t(lag)) were determined and compared with the results from 50 healthy controls. Autonomic nervous function was evaluated by 5 objective autonomic reflex tests (ART) and by the Autonomic Symptom Profile (ASP) questionnaire evaluating AD symptoms. These results were compared with previously investigated healthy ART controls and population-based ASP controls. Patients were also assessed regarding symptoms of functional bowel syndrome. RESULTS: The t(half) and the t(lag) were significantly prolonged in patients compared to controls. Forty-three percent of patients with pSS presented signs of IGE and 29% fulfilled the criteria for gastroparesis. Significant correlations were found between t(lag) and increased levels of IgG (p = 0.02) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; p = 0.01). In addition, rheumatoid factor (RF) seropositives showed objective signs of IGE to a greater extent than RF seronegatives. No associations between IGE, ART variables, ASP variables, or gastrointestinal symptoms were found. CONCLUSION: IGE was common in pSS. Associations with inflammatory and serological features of pSS could imply immunological mechanisms behind the IGE. Objective signs of IGE were not associated with objective signs or subjective symptoms of AD or functional bowel syndrome.
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| 20. |
- Hedenström, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Lungfunktionsundersökningar vid KOL.
- 2014. - 3:1
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Ingår i: KOL : Kroniskt obstruktiv lungsjukdom. - Kroniskt obstruktiv lungsjukdom.. - 9789144078175 ; , s. 329-344
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Klasson, Stina, et al.
(författare)
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Blood flow dynamics and sensitivity in breasts after reconstruction with DIEP-flap
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. - 2000-656X. ; 48:6, s. 407-411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method of breast reconstruction is based on the Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator (DIEP) technique. Skin and fat are transplanted from the abdomen to the chest; blood vessels are reconnected through microsurgery. Nerves are, however, left unconnected. This study aims to evaluate the blood flow and reinnervation of blood vessels and skin in breasts reconstructed by DIEP flaps without neural repair. In all, DIEP flaps of 10 patients were tested at an average of 16.3 months postoperatively. Blood flow was assessed by PeriScan PIM II System, both before and after indirect heating. Tactile perception threshold was assessed by Semmes-Weinstein monofilament and thermal sensibility by SENSELab MSA Thermotest. The patients' contralateral breasts were used as controls. The blood flow of the flaps was statistically significantly lower than in the control breasts, both before and after indirect heating. The change in blood flow after indirect heating did, however, not significantly differ when comparing the breasts. All flaps regained deep pressure sensibility in all four quadrants. Five patients regained even better sensibility in one of their quadrants. Seven patients regained perception of cold stimuli, five perceived warmth. This study has shown that skin blood flow regulation is present in DIEP flaps 1 year after reconstruction. Blood flow dynamics are very similar to those in the normal breast. There is also a recovery of tactile and thermal sensibility, but this study has not shown any clear parallels between recovery blood flow, tactile sensibility and thermal sensibility.
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| 24. |
- Korsgren, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Inhalation of LPS induces inflammatory airway responses mimicking characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - 1475-0961. ; 32:1, s. 71-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Inhalation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produces both systemic and pulmonary inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to further characterize the response to LPS in order to develop a human model suitable for early testing of drug candidates developed for the treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Materials: Blood and induced sputum were obtained 4, 24 and 48 h following inhalation of saline and LPS (5 and 50 μg). Blood was analysed for C-reactive protein (CRP), α(1) -antitrypsin and neutrophils/leucocytes, and sputum was analysed for biomarkers of neutrophil inflammation and remodelling activities, i.e. neutrophil elastase (NE) protein/activity and α(1) -antitrypsin. Levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) were measured in both blood and sputum. Urine was collected 0-24 and 24-48 h postchallenge, and desmosine, a biomarker of elastin degradation, was measured. Results: Lipopolysaccharide inhalation induced dose-dependent flu-like symptoms and increases in plasma CRP and α(1) -antitrypsin as well as increases in blood neutrophil/leucocyte numbers. Furthermore, LPS produced increases in sputum TNFα and sputum NE activity. Urine levels of desmosine were unaffected by the LPS challenge. All subjects recovered 48 h postchallenge, and indices of inflammatory activity were significantly lower at this observation point cf 24 h postchallenge. Conclusion: Inhalation of LPS in healthy volunteers can be used as a safe and stable model of neutrophil inflammation. Blood/plasma and sputum indices can be employed to monitor the response to LPS. We suggest that this model may be used for initial human studies of novel COPD-active drugs.
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| 25. |
- Krite Svanberg, Emilie, et al.
(författare)
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Physiological influence of basic perturbations assessed by non-invasive optical techniques in humans
- 2011
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Ingår i: Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. - : Canadian Science Publishing. - 1715-5320 .- 1715-5312. ; 36:6, s. 946-957
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New non-invasive techniques enabling frequent or continuous assessments of various pathophysiological conditions might be used to improve in-hospital outcome by enabling earlier and more reliable bedside detection of medical deterioration. In this preclinical study, three modern non-invasive optical techniques, laser Doppler imaging (LDI), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and tissue viability imaging (TVI), were all evaluated with respect to the influence of basic physiological perturbations (including local changes in arm positioning, skin temperature, and regional blood flow conditions) on quasi simultaneously obtained values of skin perfusion, muscle tissue oxygenation (StO2), and skin blood volume, recorded in eighteen healthy volunteers. Skin perfusion measured by LDI responded prominently to changes in positioning of the arm, whereas muscle StO2 measured by NIRS did not change significantly. Total haemoglobin count (HbT) measured by NIRS and blood volume estimated by TVI both increased significantly on lowering of the limb. On local cooling, the perfusion and blood volume were both found to increase considerably, while StO2 and HbT did not change. Local heating induced a more than 10-fold increase in skin perfusion and a small increase in blood volume. On progressive venoarterial occlusion, the perfusion, StO2, HbT, and blood volume values decreased, after transient increases in HbT and blood volume before full arterial occlusion occurred, and all values approached the baseline level on release of the occlusion with a slight overshoot of the StO2. The results obtained have potential bearing on future utilization of these non-invasive techniques in the management of severely injured and (or) critically ill patients.
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