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- Amm, O., et al.
(författare)
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Towards understanding the electrodynamics of the 3-dimensional high-latitude ionosphere : present and future
- 2008
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Ingår i: Annales Geophysicae. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 0992-7689 .- 1432-0576. ; 26:12, s. 3913-3932
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Traditionally, due to observational constraints, ionospheric modelling and data analysis techniques have been devised either in one dimension (e. g. along a single radar beam), or in two dimensions (e. g. over a network of magnetometers). With new upcoming missions like the Swarm ionospheric multi-satellite project, or the EISCAT 3-D project, the time has come to take into account variations in all three dimensions simultaneously, as they occur in the real ionosphere. The link between ionospheric electrodynamics and the neutral atmosphere circulation which has gained increasing interest in the recent years also intrinsically requires a truly 3-dimensional (3-D) description. In this paper, we identify five major science questions that need to be addressed by 3-D ionospheric modelling and data analysis. We briefly review what proceedings in the young field of 3-D ionospheric electrodynamics have been made in the past to address these selected question, and we outline how these issues can be addressed in the future with additional observations and/or improved data analysis and simulation techniques. Throughout the paper, we limit the discussion to high-latitude and mesoscale ionospheric electrodynamics, and to directly data-driven (not statistical) data analysis.
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| 2. |
- Soares, C. G, et al.
(författare)
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Damage Assessment After Accidental Events : Report of Committee V.1
- 2009. - 1
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 17<sup>th</sup> International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress. - Seoul, Korea : Seoul National University. ; , s. 1-72
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper contains the report of the Committee, which is a new one that was created todeal with the methods to assess damage and residual strength after accidental events.The name of the committee, being a short one may give a wrong impression about itsscope as it mentions damage assessment while the mandate refers that there should beconcern for the extent of damage and local and global residual strength of shipstructures, after accidental events. Therefore the contents of the report deal also withmethods to determine local and global residual strength, including the specification ofthe appropriate loads.It starts by providing a description of the type of damages that can be found in thevarious accidental events. Representative scenarios are described and the typicaldamages that results from the specific accidents are indicated. Next section describeshow in real situations the damaged state is perceived. Thus, inspection methods aredescribed as well as the available approaches to derive information about the status ofthe structure from indirect measurements.Loads on the structure are treated afterwards, including the loads that are generatedduring the accidental situation itself and also after the accident when the ship is indamaged state, often listed and with non symmetric sections. The loads are used todetermine ship strength using the assessment methods described in section 5, whichdeals with various types of components.If the ship is considered not having enough strength for temporary voyage to repairyard local repairs are necessary. Otherwise she will travel to a repair shipyard and berepaired there. The various types of problems raised in repair are dealt with in thefollowing section.Finally last section deals with salvage and recovery strategies which are necessary inthe cases of very large damage in ships.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Umeki, K., et al.
(författare)
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Product distribution characteristics of pyrolysis and steam gasification of woody and agricultural biomass : Paper # 21
- 2008
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Ingår i: Air and Waste Management Association. - 9781605603797 - 9781605603797 ; , s. 578-588
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of pyrolysis experiments were carried out with a batch reactor heated up by an electrical heater. Feedstocks used here were cedar, rice husk and rice straw. Gas evolution rates and product distributions were investigated. The following is the summary of results. Most gas was generated by pyrolysis within 60-120 seconds after introducing the sample into the reactor. Cedar pyrolyzed fastest among feedstock samples used in this study. Cedar generated very small amounts of char and significant amounts of tar compared with other feedstock samples. Carbon monoxide and hydrogen were the main products from pyrolysis of woody and agricultural biomass. Rice husk generated less hydrocarbon gases compared with other samples.
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