| 1. |
- Ablikim, M., et al.
(author)
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Measurements of (XcJ)-> K+K-K+K- decays
- 2006
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In: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 642:3, s. 197-202
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Using 14M psi(2S) events taken with the BESII detector, chi(cJ) -> 2(K+K-) decays are studied. For the four-kaon final state, the branching fractions are B(chi(c0,1,2) ->.2(K+K-)) = (3.48 +/- 0.23 +/- 0.47) x 10(-3), (0.70 +/- 0.13 +/- 0.10) x 10(-3), and (2.17 +/- 0.20 +/- 0.31) x 10(-3). For the phi K+K- final state, the branching fractions, which are measured for the first time, are B(chi(c0,1,2) -> phi K+K-) = (1.03 +/- 0.22 +/- 0.15) x 10(-3), (0.46 +/- 0.16 +/- 0.06) x 10(-3), and (1.67 +/- 0.26 +/- 0.24) x 10(-4). For the phi phi final state, B(chi(c0,2) -> phi phi) = (0.94 +/- 0.21 +/- 0.13) x 10(-3) and (1.70 +/- 0.30 +/- 0.25) x 10(-3).
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| 2. |
- Adolph, C, et al.
(author)
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Measurement of the eta -> 3 pi(0) Dalitz plot distribution with the WASA detector at COSY
- 2009
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In: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 677:1-2, s. 24-29
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the first production run of the WASA experiment at COSY, the eta decay into three neutral pions was measured in proton-proton interactions at a proton beam kinetic energy of 1.4 GeV. The Dalitz plot of the three pious was Studied using 1.2 x 10(5) fully reconstructed events. and the quadratic slope parameter alpha was determined to be -0.027 +/- 0.008(stat) +/- 0.005(syst). The result is consistent with previous measurements and further corroborates the importance of pion-pion final state interactions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Galluzzi, L, et al.
(author)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring cell death in higher eukaryotes.
- 2009
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In: Cell death and differentiation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5403 .- 1350-9047. ; 16:8, s. 1093-107
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cell death is essential for a plethora of physiological processes, and its deregulation characterizes numerous human diseases. Thus, the in-depth investigation of cell death and its mechanisms constitutes a formidable challenge for fundamental and applied biomedical research, and has tremendous implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. It is, therefore, of utmost importance to standardize the experimental procedures that identify dying and dead cells in cell cultures and/or in tissues, from model organisms and/or humans, in healthy and/or pathological scenarios. Thus far, dozens of methods have been proposed to quantify cell death-related parameters. However, no guidelines exist regarding their use and interpretation, and nobody has thoroughly annotated the experimental settings for which each of these techniques is most appropriate. Here, we provide a nonexhaustive comparison of methods to detect cell death with apoptotic or nonapoptotic morphologies, their advantages and pitfalls. These guidelines are intended for investigators who study cell death, as well as for reviewers who need to constructively critique scientific reports that deal with cellular demise. Given the difficulties in determining the exact number of cells that have passed the point-of-no-return of the signaling cascades leading to cell death, we emphasize the importance of performing multiple, methodologically unrelated assays to quantify dying and dead cells.
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| 4. |
- Deng, X. H., et al.
(author)
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Dynamics and waves near multiple magnetic null points in reconnection diffusion region
- 2009
-
In: Journal of Geophysical Research. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 114:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Identifying the magnetic structure in the region where the magnetic field lines break and how reconnection happens is crucial to improving our understanding of three-dimensional reconnection. Here we show the in situ observation of magnetic null structures in the diffusion region, the dynamics, and the associated waves. Possible spiral null pair has been identified near the diffusion region. There is a close relation among the null points, the bipolar signature of the Z component of the magnetic field, and enhancement of the flux of energetic electrons up to 100 keV. Near the null structures, whistler-mode waves were identified by both the polarity and the power law of the spectrum of electric and magnetic fields. It is found that the angle between the fans of the nulls is quite close to the theoretically estimated maximum value of the group-velocity cone angle for the whistler wave regime of reconnection.
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| 5. |
- Han, Y., et al.
(author)
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X-Radiation Induces Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Apoptosis by Upregulation of Axin Expression
- 2009
-
In: International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3016. ; 75:2, s. 518-526
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: Axis inhibition (Axin) is an important negative regulator of the Wnt pathway. This study investigated the relationship between Axin expression and sensitivity to X-rays in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to find a useful indicator of radiosensitivity. Methods and Materials: Tissue from NSCLC patients, A549 cells, and BE1 cells expressing Axin were exposed to 1-Gy of X-radiation. Axin and p53 expression levels were detected by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-PCR. Apoptosis was determined by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) assay and FACS (fluorescence-activate cell sorter) analysis. Caspase-3 activity was determined by Western blotting. Phospho-JNK expression was determined by immunofluorescence. Results: The expression of Axin was significantly lower in NSCLC tissues than in normal lung tissues (p less than 0.05). Axin expression correlates with differentiation, TNM staging, and lymph node metastasis of NSCLC (p less than 0.05). Its expression negatively correlates with the expression of p53(mt) (p=0.000) and positively correlates with apoptosis (p=0.002). The prognosis of patients with high expression of Axin was better than those with low expression. X-radiation increases Axin expression in NSCLC tissue, and caspase-3 is significantly higher in samples in which Axin is increased (p less than 0.05). Both X-radiation and Axin induce apoptosis of A549 and BE1 cells; however, the combination of the two enhances the apoptotic effect (p less than 0.05). In A549 cells, inhibition of p53 blocks Axin-induced apoptosis, whereas in BE1 cells, the JNK pathway is required. Conclusions: Axin induces the p53 apoptotic pathway in cells where this pathway is intact; however, in cells expressing p53(mt), Axin induces apoptosis via the JNK pathway. Elevated Axin expression following X-ray exposure is a reliable indicator for determining the radiosensitivity of NSCLC.
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| 6. |
- Sodergren, Erica, et al.
(author)
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The genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
- 2006
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In: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 314:5801, s. 941-52
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report the sequence and analysis of the 814-megabase genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, a model for developmental and systems biology. The sequencing strategy combined whole-genome shotgun and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequences. This use of BAC clones, aided by a pooling strategy, overcame difficulties associated with high heterozygosity of the genome. The genome encodes about 23,300 genes, including many previously thought to be vertebrate innovations or known only outside the deuterostomes. This echinoderm genome provides an evolutionary outgroup for the chordates and yields insights into the evolution of deuterostomes.
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| 7. |
- Jiang, Q. H., et al.
(author)
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High-temperature ferroelectric phase transition observed in multiferroic Bi0.91La0.05Tb0.04FeO3
- 2009
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In: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 95:1, s. 12909-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A single-phase Bi0.91La0.05Tb0.04FeO3 polycrystalline ceramic was fabricated by spark-plasma-sintering the precursor powder prepared by a sol-gel method. Temperature-dependent properties of polycrystalline Bi0.91La0.05Tb0.04FeO3 were characterized by x-ray diffraction, dielectric, and piezoelectric measurement. The x-ray diffraction results revealed a phase transition near 700 degrees C. Especially, temperature-dependent dielectric behavior demonstrated that there was a dielectric abnormal peak at about 697 degrees C, in addition to those two well-known dielectric abnormal peaks at 337 degrees C (Neel temperature) and 831 degrees C (Curie temperature). The observations, together with thermal depoled behavior, suggest a ferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition from R(3)c to Pbnm at around 700 degrees C.
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| 8. |
- Prokopenko, Inga, et al.
(author)
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Variants in MTNR1B influence fasting glucose levels
- 2009
-
In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 41:1, s. 77-81
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To identify previously unknown genetic loci associated with fasting glucose concentrations, we examined the leading association signals in ten genome-wide association scans involving a total of 36,610 individuals of European descent. Variants in the gene encoding melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) were consistently associated with fasting glucose across all ten studies. The strongest signal was observed at rs10830963, where each G allele (frequency 0.30 in HapMap CEU) was associated with an increase of 0.07 (95% CI = 0.06-0.08) mmol/l in fasting glucose levels (P = 3.2 x 10(-50)) and reduced beta-cell function as measured by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-B, P = 1.1 x 10(-15)). The same allele was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (odds ratio = 1.09 (1.05-1.12), per G allele P = 3.3 x 10(-7)) in a meta-analysis of 13 case-control studies totaling 18,236 cases and 64,453 controls. Our analyses also confirm previous associations of fasting glucose with variants at the G6PC2 (rs560887, P = 1.1 x 10(-57)) and GCK (rs4607517, P = 1.0 x 10(-25)) loci.
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| 9. |
- Newton-Cheh, Christopher, et al.
(author)
-
Genome-wide association study identifies eight loci associated with blood pressure
- 2009
-
In: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 41:6, s. 666-676
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Elevated blood pressure is a common, heritable cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide. To date, identification of common genetic variants influencing blood pressure has proven challenging. We tested 2.5 million genotyped and imputed SNPs for association with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 34,433 subjects of European ancestry from the Global BPgen consortium and followed up findings with direct genotyping (N <= 71,225 European ancestry, N <= 12,889 Indian Asian ancestry) and in silico comparison (CHARGE consortium, N 29,136). We identified association between systolic or diastolic blood pressure and common variants in eight regions near the CYP17A1 (P = 7 x 10(-24)), CYP1A2 (P = 1 x 10(-23)), FGF5 (P = 1 x 10(-21)), SH2B3 (P = 3 x 10(-18)), MTHFR (P = 2 x 10(-13)), c10orf107 (P = 1 x 10(-9)), ZNF652 (P = 5 x 10(-9)) and PLCD3 (P = 1 x 10(-8)) genes. All variants associated with continuous blood pressure were associated with dichotomous hypertension. These associations between common variants and blood pressure and hypertension offer mechanistic insights into the regulation of blood pressure and may point to novel targets for interventions to prevent cardiovascular disease.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Zhou, M., et al.
(author)
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Observation of waves near lower hybrid frequency in the reconnection region with thin current sheet
- 2009
-
In: Journal of Geophysical Research. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 114, s. A02216-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The role of waves and turbulence in the process of magnetic reconnection has been the subject of a great deal of studies and debates in the theoretical literature. Here we report the Cluster observations of electrostatic and electromagnetic waves near the lower hybrid frequency in the reconnection region with a thin current sheet. During the crossing of the separatrix with the reversal of plasma flow and Hall magnetic fields, strong electrostatic fluctuations near the lower hybrid frequency were observed, and the waves were polarized with a large angle to the ambient magnetic field. Strong electromagnetic fluctuations were observed in the center of the current sheet in the diffusion region. The dispersion properties of the electromagnetic wave are studied by using the interferometer method and are compared with the properties of lower hybrid drift instability. The role of the waves in reconnection is discussed.
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Martin, et al.
(author)
-
SOFC Modeling Considering Internal Reforming by a Global Kinetics Approach
- 2009
-
In: Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Eleventh International Symposium (SOFC XI). - 9781566777391 ; 25:2, s. 1201-1210
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fuel cells (FCs) are promising for future energy systems, since they are energy efficient and fuel can be produced locally. When hydrogen is used as fuel, there are no emissions of greenhouse gases. In this study a two dimensional CFD (COMSOL Multiphysics) is employed to study the effect from porous material surface area ratio on reforming reaction rates and gas species distributions for an anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). FCs can be considered as multifunctional energy devises, combining (electro-) chemical reactions, heat exchange, gas- and ionic transport. All these functions are strongly integrated, making modeling an important tool to understand the couplings between mass-, heat-, momentum transport and chemical reactions. Steam reforming takes place at the nickel material surfaces in the anode and water-gas shift reaction occurs where fuel gas is present. Benefit from the internal reforming is that the energy conversion efficiency will be higher, compared to the case of pure hydrogen as fuel.
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| 14. |
- Bergink, S, et al.
(author)
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DNA damage triggers nucleotide excision repair-dependent monoubiquitylation of histone H2A
- 2006
-
In: Genes & development. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. - 0890-9369 .- 1549-5477. ; 20:10, s. 1343-1352
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chromatin changes within the context of DNA repair remain largely obscure. Here we show that DNA damage induces monoubiquitylation of histone H2A in the vicinity of DNA lesions. Ultraviolet (UV)-induced monoubiquitylation of H2A is dependent on functional nucleotide excision repair and occurs after incision of the damaged strand. The ubiquitin ligase Ring2 is required for the DNA damage-induced H2A ubiquitylation. UV-induced ubiquitylation of H2A is dependent on the DNA damage signaling kinase ATR (ATM- and Rad3-related) but not the related kinase ATM (ataxia telangiectasia-mutated). Although the response coincides with phosphorylation of variant histone H2AX, H2AX was not required for H2A ubiquitylation. Together our data show that monoubiquitylation of H2A forms part of the cellular response to UV damage and suggest a role of this modification in DNA repair-induced chromatin remodeling.
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| 15. |
- Heydarkhan-Hagvall, Sepideh, 1969, et al.
(author)
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DNA microarray study on gene expression profiles in co-cultured endothelial and smooth muscle cells in response to 4- and 24-h shear stress
- 2006
-
In: Molecular and cellular biochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0300-8177 .- 1573-4919. ; 281:1-2, s. 1-15
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Shear stress, a major hemodynamic force acting on the vessel wall, plays an important role in physiological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, remodelling, metabolism, morphology, and gene expression. We investigated the effect of shear stress on gene expression profiles in co-cultured vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Human aortic ECs were cultured as a confluent monolayer on top of confluent human aortic SMCs, and the EC side of the co-culture was exposed to a laminar shear stress of 12 dyn/cm(2) for 4 or 24 h. After shearing, the ECs and SMCs were separated and RNA was extracted from the cells. The RNA samples were labelled and hybridized with cDNA array slides that contained 8694 genes. Statistical analysis showed that shear stress caused the differential expression (p < or = 0.05) of a total of 1151 genes in ECs and SMCs. In the co-cultured ECs, shear stress caused the up-regulation of 403 genes and down-regulation of 470. In the co-cultured SMCs, shear stress caused the up-regulation of 152 genes and down-regulation of 126 genes. These results provide new information on the gene expression profile and its potential functional consequences in co-cultured ECs and SMCs exposed to a physiological level of laminar shear stress. Although the effects of shear stress on gene expression in monocultured and co-cultured EC are generally similar, the response of some genes to shear stress is opposite between these two types of culture (e.g., ICAM-1 is up-regulated in monoculture and down-regulated in co-culture), which strongly indicates that EC-SMC interactions affect EC responses to shear stress.
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| 16. |
- Huijbregts, L. J., et al.
(author)
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The optimal structure-conductivity relation in epoxy-phthalocyanine nanocomposites
- 2006
-
In: Journal of Physical Chemistry B. - : American Chemical Society. - 1520-6106 .- 1520-5207. ; 110:46, s. 23115-23122
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Phthalcon-11 (aquocyanophthalocyaninatocobalt (III)) forms semiconducting nanocrystals that can be dispersed in epoxy coatings to obtain a semiconducting material with a low percolation threshold. We investigated the structure-conductivity relation in this composite and the deviation from its optimal realization by combining two techniques. The real parts of the electrical conductivity of a Phthalcon-11/ epoxy coating and of Phthalcon-11 powder were measured by dielectric spectroscopy as a function of frequency and temperature. Conducting atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) was applied to quantify the conductivity through the coating locally along the surface. This combination gives an excellent tool to visualize the particle network. We found that a large fraction of the crystals is organized in conducting channels of fractal building blocks. In this picture, a low percolation threshold automatically leads to a conductivity that is much lower than that of the filler. Since the structure-conductivity relation for the found network is almost optimal, a drastic increase in the conductivity of the coating cannot be achieved by changing the particle network, but only by using a filler with a higher conductivity level.
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| 17. |
- Lindgren, Cecilia M, et al.
(author)
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Genome-wide association scan meta-analysis identifies three Loci influencing adiposity and fat distribution.
- 2009
-
In: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404. ; 5:6, s. e1000508-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To identify genetic loci influencing central obesity and fat distribution, we performed a meta-analysis of 16 genome-wide association studies (GWAS, N = 38,580) informative for adult waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR). We selected 26 SNPs for follow-up, for which the evidence of association with measures of central adiposity (WC and/or WHR) was strong and disproportionate to that for overall adiposity or height. Follow-up studies in a maximum of 70,689 individuals identified two loci strongly associated with measures of central adiposity; these map near TFAP2B (WC, P = 1.9x10(-11)) and MSRA (WC, P = 8.9x10(-9)). A third locus, near LYPLAL1, was associated with WHR in women only (P = 2.6x10(-8)). The variants near TFAP2B appear to influence central adiposity through an effect on overall obesity/fat-mass, whereas LYPLAL1 displays a strong female-only association with fat distribution. By focusing on anthropometric measures of central obesity and fat distribution, we have identified three loci implicated in the regulation of human adiposity.
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| 18. |
- McKenna, P., et al.
(author)
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Effects of front surface plasma expansion on proton acceleration in ultraintense laser irradiation of foil targets
- 2008
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In: Laser and Particle Beams. - 0263-0346. ; 26:4, s. 591-596
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The properties of beams of high energy protons accelerated during ultraintense, picosecond laser-irradiation of thin foil targets are investigated as a function of preplasma expansion at the target front surface. Significant enhancement in the maximum proton energy and laser-to-proton energy conversion efficiency is observed at optimum preplasma density gradients due, to self-focusing Of the incident laser pulse. For very long preplasma expansion, the propagating laser pulse is observed to filament, resulting in highly uniform proton beams, but with reduced flux and maximum energy.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Wang, E-H, et al.
(author)
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Abnormal expression and clinicopathologic significance of p120-catenin in lung cancer
- 2006
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In: Histology and Histopathology. - 0213-3911 .- 1699-5848. ; 21:7-9, s. 841-847
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the expression of p120ctn in human lung squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and its clinicopathologic significance. The expression of p120ctn in tumors and adjacent normal lung tissues from 143 patients was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Expression of p120ctn occurs mainly in the cell membrane of normal bronchial mucosa. Abnormal expression of p120ctn, including cytoplasmic and reduced membranous expression, was found in 114 of 143 specimens (79.7%) and was significantly associated with poor differentiation, high TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05 for each) but not with histologic subtype. The Kaplan-Meier survival test revealed that abnormal expression of p120ctn was related to poor survival (P<0.001). A Cox regression analysis revealed that abnormal p120ctn expression was an independent factor in predicting patient survival (P=0.024). Compared with that in normal lung tissues, membranous protein level was lower in tumors (P=0.003). Abnormal expression of p120ctn is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in lung squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Reduced expression or even the absence of p120ctn isoform 1 and 3 in tumor cell membranes may be responsible for the abnormal expression of p120ctn that has been found in lung cancer.
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| 21. |
- Yuan, Jinliang, et al.
(author)
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Modeling and Analysis Approaches for PEMFCs
- 2006
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In: Proceedings of 4th International ASME Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, FUELCELL2006. ; , s. 833-842
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are expected to play a significant role in the next generation of energy systems and road vehicles for transportation. To achieve high performance, low cost and high reliability, significant attention is needed on detailed modeling and simulation of various physical processes in PEMFC unit-cells. Substantial effort is also required to reach proper water and thermal balances for PEMFC stacks and integrated energy systems. For modeling and analysis at the unit-cell and component level, typically CFD-based approaches might be appropriate. On the stack and system levels, methods like lumped parameter analysis and overall energy/mass balances are more suitable. This paper discusses various kinds of methods for modeling and analysis, and how these can be used as well as their applicability and limitations. The focus is placed on water management/two-phase flow regimes and characteristics of relevant models.
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| 22. |
- Zeisberg, Elisabeth M., et al.
(author)
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Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition contributes to cardiac fibrosis
- 2007
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In: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-170X .- 1078-8956. ; 13:8, s. 952-961
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cardiac fibrosis, associated with a decreased extent of microvasculature and with disruption of normal myocardial structures, results from excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, which is mediated by the recruitment of fibroblasts. The source of these fibroblasts is unclear and specific anti-fibrotic therapies are not currently available. Here we show that cardiac fibrosis is associated with the emergence of fibroblasts originating from endothelial cells, suggesting an endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) similar to events that occur during formation of the atrioventricular cushion in the embryonic heart. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) induced endothelial cells to undergo EndMT, whereas bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP-7) preserved the endothelial phenotype. The systemic administration of recombinant human BMP-7 (rhBMP-7) significantly inhibited EndMT and the progression of cardiac fibrosis in mouse models of pressure overload and chronic allograft rejection. Our findings show that EndMT contributes to the progression of cardiac fibrosis and that rhBMP-7 can be used to inhibit EndMT and to intervene in the progression of chronic heart disease associated with fibrosis.
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| 23. |
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