| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
- Jin, Ying-Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management of COVID-19 : An evidence-based clinical practice guideline (updated version)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Military Medical Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2054-9369. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting more than seventeen million people around the world. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed. In the early stage, we have issued "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)"; now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based guideline. We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas: chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 34 statements. Among them, 6 were strong recommendations for, 14 were weak recommendations for, 3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based statement. They covered topics of chemoprophylaxis (including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents), diagnosis (including clinical manifestations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respiratory tract specimens, IgM and IgG antibody tests, chest computed tomography, chest x-ray, and CT features of asymptomatic infections), treatments (including lopinavir-ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, interferon, remdesivir, combination of antiviral drugs, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, glucocorticoid, qingfei paidu decoction, lianhua qingwen granules/capsules, convalescent plasma, lung transplantation, invasive or noninvasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)), and discharge management (including discharge criteria and management plan in patients whose RT-PCR retesting shows SARS-CoV-2 positive after discharge). We also created two figures of these recommendations for the implementation purpose. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.
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| 3. |
- Senanayake, Indunil C., et al.
(författare)
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Fungal diversity notes 1611–1716: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on fungal genera and species emphasis in south China
- 2023
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Ingår i: Fungal Diversity. - 1560-2745 .- 1878-9129. ; 122, s. 161-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is the 15th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein 115 taxa from three phyla, nine classes, 28 orders, 48 families, and 64 genera are treated. Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include a new family, five new genera, 61 new species, five new combinations, one synonym, one new variety and 31 records on new hosts or new geographical distributions. Ageratinicolaceae fam. nov. is introduced and accommodated in Pleosporales. The new genera introduced in this study are Ageratinicola, Kevinia, Pseudomultiseptospora (Parabambusicolaceae), Marasmiellomycena, and Vizzinia (Porotheleaceae). Newly described species are Abrothallus altoandinus, Ageratinicola kunmingensis, Allocryptovalsa aceris, Allophoma yuccae, Apiospora cannae, A. elliptica, A. pallidesporae, Boeremia wisteriae, Calycina papaeana, Clypeococcum lichenostigmoides, Coniochaeta riskali-shoyakubovii, Cryphonectria kunmingensis, Diaporthe angustiapiculata, D. campylandrae, D. longipapillata, Diatrypella guangdongense, Dothiorella franceschinii, Endocalyx phoenicis, Epicoccum terminosporum, Fulvifomes karaiensis, F. pannaensis, Ganoderma ghatensis, Hysterobrevium baoshanense, Inocybe avellaneorosea, I. lucida, Jahnula oblonga, Kevinia lignicola, Kirschsteiniothelia guangdongensis, Laboulbenia caprina, L. clavulata, L. cobiae, L. cosmodisci, L. nilotica, L. omalii, L. robusta, L. similis, L. stigmatophora, Laccaria rubriporus, Lasiodiplodia morindae, Lyophyllum agnijum, Marasmiellomycena pseudoomphaliiformis, Melomastia beihaiensis, Nemania guangdongensis, Nigrograna thailandica, Nigrospora ficuum, Oxydothis chinensis, O. yunnanensis, Petriella thailandica, Phaeoacremonium chinensis, Phialocephala chinensis, Phytophthora debattistii, Polyplosphaeria nigrospora, Pronectria loweniae, Seriascoma acutispora, Setoseptoria bambusae, Stictis anomianthi, Tarzetta tibetensis, Tarzetta urceolata, Tetraploa obpyriformis, Trichoglossum beninense, and Tricoderma pyrrosiae. We provide an emendation for Urnula ailaoshanensis Agaricus duplocingulatoides var. brevisporus introduced as a new variety based on morphology and phylogeny.
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| 4. |
- Calice, G., et al.
(författare)
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The term structure of sovereign credit default swap and the cross-section of exchange rate predictability
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Finance & Economics. - : Wiley. - 1076-9307 .- 1099-1158. ; 26:1, s. 445-458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We provide novel evidence on exchange rate predictability by using the term premia of the sovereign credit default swap (CDS). Using a sample of 29 countries, we find that the sovereign CDS term premia significantly predict the exchange rates out-of-sample. On average, a steeper CDS spread curve for a country predicts its currency appreciation against the U.S. dollar (USD). Empirically, although the sovereign CDS level mainly reflects global risk, the information in the term premia of the sovereign CDS spreads reveals country-specific risk. Notably, the predictive power of the term premia is robust after controlling for the sovereign CDS level and other conventional global macroeconomic and financial factors. Further analysis shows that the information in the sovereign CDS term premia is also helpful for forecasting international stock market returns.
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| 5. |
- Calice, G., et al.
(författare)
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Understanding US firm efficiency and its asset pricing implications
- 2021
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Ingår i: Empirical Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0377-7332 .- 1435-8921. ; 60:2, s. 803-827
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the link between firm-level total factor productivity (TFP) growth, technical efficiency change, and their implications on firm-level stock returns. We estimate total factor productivity growth of US firms between 1966 and 2015 and decompose TFP growth into returns to scale, technical progress, and technical efficiency change components. We show that most of the variation in TFP growth is explained by variation in technical efficiency change. Moreover, we examine the effects of important macro- and micro-level factors on inefficiency as well as its asset pricing implications. We find that low-efficiency firms are more vulnerable to a wide class of aggregate economic shocks, and the well-known five stock return anomalies (Fama and French in J Financ Econ 116(1):1–22, 2015) are more pronounced among those firms. Our results also emphasize the role of macroeconomic determinants of efficiency, and the stability effects of many useful policy targets on firm-level TFP. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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| 6. |
- Chu, Ming, et al.
(författare)
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Accurate capacitance-voltage characterization of organic thin films with current injection*
- 2021
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Ingår i: Chinese Physics B. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 1674-1056. ; 30:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To deal with the invalidation of commonly employed series model and parallel model in capacitance-voltage (C-V) characterization of organic thin films when current injection is significant, a three-element equivalent circuit model is proposed. On this basis, the expression of real capacitance in consideration of current injection is theoretically derived by small-signal analysis method. The validity of the proposed equivalent circuit and theoretical expression are verified by a simulating circuit consisting of a capacitor, a diode, and a resistor. Moreover, the accurate C-V characteristic of an organic thin film device is obtained via theoretical correction of the experimental measuring result, and the real capacitance is 35.7% higher than the directly measured capacitance at 5-V bias in the parallel mode. This work strongly demonstrates the necessity to consider current injection in C-V measurement and provides a strategy for accurate C-V characterization experimentally.
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| 7. |
- Huang, S. Y., et al.
(författare)
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Political sentiment and MAX effect
- 2022
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Ingår i: North American Journal of Economics and Finance. - : Elsevier BV. - 1062-9408. ; 62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The well-known "MAX effect" documents that stocks with high maximum daily returns in the past month underperform those with low maximum daily returns. We show that such an effect varies with firm-level political sentiment. Among firms with low political sentiment, the usual MAX strategy gives a monthly risk-adjusted return of 1.52% and is statistically significant. However, the MAX effect weakens substantially or even reverses for firms with high political sentiment. Our findings provide novel guidance for trading on the MAX effect. Moreover, the results challenge the usual sentiment-based explanation for the MAX effect. Further evidence suggests that the prospect theory or investors' underreaction to news may be consistent with our findings, although these channels cannot empirically explain the impact of political sentiment.
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| 8. |
- Kanoni, Stavroula, et al.
(författare)
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Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Genome biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1474-760X .- 1465-6906 .- 1474-7596. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery.To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N=1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3-5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism.Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.
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| 9. |
- Maio, Paulo, et al.
(författare)
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On the driving forces of real exchange rates: Is the Japanese Yen different?
- 2023
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF EMPIRICAL FINANCE. - 0927-5398 .- 1879-1727. ; 74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We estimate variance decompositions of the real exchange rate (q) for 19 currencies based on a present-value relation. At very short horizons, the driving force of q is predictability of the future exchange rate. At long horizons, return predictability drives most variation in q, with predictability of interest differentials playing a secondary role. This pattern is especially strong for the Non-G10 currencies. However, the long-run predictability mix associated with the Japanese Yen clearly deviates from the other currencies and is unstable over time. The quantitative simulation of a liquidity-based exchange rate model largely replicates our main empirical findings.
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| 10. |
- Ming, Yue, et al.
(författare)
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金属镁的氧化及氧化机理研究进展
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cailiao Daobao/Materials Reports. - 1005-023X. ; 35:19, s. 19134-19141
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- As the lightest commercial metal structure material, magnesium alloy shows a wide application prospect in aerospace, automobile, 3C pro-ducts and other fields. At the same time, it is of great strategic significance to promote the application of magnesium alloy materials, in the face of the increasing shortage of iron and aluminum resources in the world and the dilemma of a large number of imported iron and aluminum ores. Compared with common steel and aluminum alloy, the research and development of magnesium alloy are not enough, and its application is also limited. The poor corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy is partly due to the high chemical activity of magnesium and the lack of protective effect of the film formed on the surface. Especially at high temperature, magnesium and its alloys are easy to oxidize, even burn, and release a lot of heat, which has become one of the bottlenecks limiting the extensive application of magnesium alloys. In recent years, a lot of researches have been carried out on the oxidation mechanism and influencing factors of magnesium and its alloys. It is considered that the oxidation of magnesium alloy is affected by factors, such as P-B value of oxide film, evaporation and diffusion of magnesium and so on. At present, the oxidation resistance of magnesium is improved by alloying. This provides theoretical support for the preparation of magnesium alloy with high oxidation resistance. At the same time, it expands the application prospect of magnesium alloy at high temperature, and will bring huge economic benefits to magnesium alloy industry. This paper summarizes the research progress of oxidation characteristics and mechanism of magnesium and its alloys at home and abroad. Firstly, the oxidation of magnesium is briefly introduced. Secondly, the mechanism and influencing factors of magnesium oxidation are analyzed, and the influence rules and mechanism of P-B value, diffusion, evaporation, microstructure and alloy elements on the oxidation behavior of magnesium are emphatically discussed. Finally, the shortcomings of the current research are summarized, and suggestions on the research direction of magnesium oxidation resistance are put forward.
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| 11. |
- Yao, Fanjin, et al.
(författare)
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Fabrication, microstructure, and thermal conductivity of multilayered Cu mesh/AZ31 Mg foil composites
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Materials Research and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2238-7854. ; 14, s. 1539-1550
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, multilayered Cu mesh/AZ31 Mg foil composites were designed and fabricated by diffusion bonding in a closed graphite mold at 400–445 °C. The effects of temperature on the microstructure of the joints formed and the thermal conductivity of the composite was evaluated. The mechanism responsible for the observed improvement in thermal conductivity was analyzed. After diffusion bonding, the thermal conductivity of the multilayered composite was as high as 122.3 W/m·K at room temperature (25 °C), which is 109.4% higher than that of the AZ31 Mg alloy (58.4 W/m·K) fabricated using the same process. Moreover, the fabricated Mg matrix composites had a maximum density of 2.21 g/cm3, indicating that they were lightweight. A continuous film-like structure composed of intermetallic compounds and α-Mg region with good contribution to heat conduction has been found, which has a reference for the design and fabrication of high-thermal-conductivity Mg matrix composites.
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| 12. |
- Zeng, Cheng, et al.
(författare)
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Task-Oriented Semantic Communication over Rate Splitting Enabled Wireless Control Systems for URLLC Services
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Communications. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0090-6778 .- 1558-0857. ; 72:2, s. 722-739
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to long-term reliability, wireless control systems (WCSs) have attracted significant interest recently. However, mission-critical control requires stringent ultra-reliability and low-latency communication (URLLC) with massive data delivery, which are major challenges for conventional wireless networks. This paper investigates downlink URLLC in WCS, where the semantic communication is adopted at the control center to extract task-oriented semantic information from original large-sized data. To efficiency, the control center utilizes the rate splitting policy to deliver semantic information through private messages, while the semantic knowledge is transmitted through one common message. We aim to maximize the weighted sum semantic information transmission rate by jointly optimizing the semantic information extraction, delivery duration, rate splitting, and transmit beamforming, subject to several practical constraints, including recovery accuracy, quality of service requirements, communication latency and computation delay. By the problem decomposition, two sub-problems are obtained, where the closed-form solution for the semantic information extraction is derived at each step. Due to the complexity of the multivariable coupling in the channel dispersion, we propose fractional transformation methods for rate splitting design. Numerical results confirm that the RSMA and semantic communication design can complement each other for multiplexing gains enhancement and latency reduction to achieve overloaded connections.
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| 13. |
- Zeng, Ming, 1989
(författare)
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Currency Carry, Momentum, and Global Interest Rate Volatility
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis. - 0022-1090 .- 1756-6916.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Returns to currency carry and momentum compensate for the risk of global interest rate volatility (IRV ), with risk exposures explaining 92% of the cross-sectional return variations. This unified explanation stems from its impact on FX intermediaries. An intermediary-based exchange rate model shows that a higher global IRV increases the uncertainty of future risk-taking and tightens current financial constraints. Position unwinding triggers loss of carry and momentum. Additional empirical results confirm this economic channel. Global IRV risk is also negatively priced in other currency strategies and momentum. The explanatory power is not driven by existing measures of uncertainty or intermediary constraints.
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| 14. |
- Zeng, Ming, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic Spectrum Sharing for Load Balancing in Multi-Cell Mobile Edge Computing
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Wireless Communications Letters. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 2162-2337 .- 2162-2345. ; 9:2, s. 189-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large-scale mobile edge computing (MEC) systems require scalable solutions to allocate communication and computing resources to the users. In this letter we address this challenge by applying dynamic spectrum sharing among the base stations (BSs), together with local resource allocation in the cells. We show that the network-wide resource allocation can be transformed into a convex optimization problem, and propose a distributed, hierarchical solution with limited information exchange among the BSs. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed solution is superior to other baseline algorithms, when wireless and computing resource allocation is not jointly optimized, or the wireless resources allocated to the BSs are fixed.
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| 15. |
- Zeng, Ming, et al.
(författare)
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Energy minimization for delay constrained mobile edge computing with orthogonal and non-orthogonal multiple access
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ad hoc networks. - : Elsevier. - 1570-8705 .- 1570-8713. ; 98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mobile edge computing (MEC) is envisioned as a promising technology for enhancing the computation capacities and prolonging the lifespan of mobile devices, by enabling mobile devices to offload computation-intensive tasks to servers in close proximity. For wireless communication, MEC introduces a new scenario, where computations are performed directly at the receiving side of the wireless links. Our objective is therefore to evaluate the importance of joint radio-and-computational resource allocation and spectral efficiency enhancing techniques in this new scenario. We formulate the resource allocation problem to minimize the energy consumption of computation offloading of delay sensitive tasks and propose near-optimal solutions for both orthogonal and non-orthogonal multiple access schemes, with the optimal joint allocation of computing resources and transmission power. Our numerical results demonstrate the superiority of non-orthogonal multiple access over its orthogonal counterpart and the importance of joint resource allocation, especially in scenarios with strict delay limits, where both the transmission and the computational resources are scarce.
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| 16. |
- Zeng, Ming, et al.
(författare)
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Parallel Processing at the Edge in Dense Wireless Networks
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2644-125X. ; 3, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the gain of parallel processing, when mobile edge computing (MEC) is implemented in dense wireless networks. In this scenario users connect to several access points (APs), and utilize the computation capability of multiple servers at the same time. This allows a balanced load at the servers, with the eventual cost of decreased spectrum efficiency. The problem of sum transmission energy minimization under response time constraints is considered and proved to be non-convex. The complexity of optimizing a part of the system parameters is investigated, and based on these results an iterative resource allocation procedure is proposed that converges to a local optimum. The performance of the joint resource allocation is evaluated by comparing it to lower and upper bounds defined by less or more flexible multi-cell MEC architectures. The results show that the free selection of the AP is crucial for achieving decent system performance. The average level of parallel processing is in general low in dense systems, but it is an important option for the rare, highly unbalanced instances.
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| 17. |
- Zeng, Ming
(författare)
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Resource Allocation for Mobile Edge Computing Systems
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The rapid development of mobile information industry has led to the emergence of various mobile applications in areas such as industrial automation, health care or transportation. These applications often require heavy computations with strict latency requirement, which may surpass the processing abilities of the mobile devices. A promising technology to support such applications is mobile edge computing (MEC), which places edge servers in the vicinity of mobile devices to enable computation offloading. MEC has the potential to substantially augment the computation capacities of the mobile devices. However, computation offloading requires to transfer the input data from the mobile devices to edge servers, resulting in extra transmission latency and energy consumption. Meanwhile, the limited computing power at the edge servers needs to be shared by multiple users, which may in turn lead to non-negligible computing time. Moreover, the effect of the available computing and communication resources is coupled in MEC systems, and thus, a joint allocation of these two resources is of significance. In this thesis we propose centralized and decentralized algorithms for effective resource allocation for various MEC systems that adopt orthogonal multiple access (OMA) or non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for computation offloading.In the first part of the thesis, we propose to apply NOMA to MEC for facilitating computation offloading. We first study power allocation for a multi-cluster NOMA network. We derive optimal solution for cross-cluster and inner-cluster power allocation to maximize the sum rate, and demonstrate the superiority of NOMA over OMA. On this basis, we investigate the resource allocation of NOMA-assisted single-cell MEC systems. We first consider a wirelessly powered MEC system. We propose a greedy offloading decision combined with optimal resource allocation, and show that while NOMA obtains the same computation rate as OMA, it achieves increased fairness. We then consider a MEC system, which employs multi-carrier NOMA for offloading. We propose low-complexity near-optimal solutions for sub-channel assignment, and optimal joint computing resource and transmission power allocation.In the second part of the thesis, we study the problem of transmission energy minimization for multi-cell MEC systems, now employing OMA. We first consider the scenario, where each user only offloads to its nearest base station. We transform the network-wide resource allocation into a convex optimization problem, and propose a distributed algorithm that achieves optimal solution. We then investigate the more general scenario, where each user can offload to multiple base stations for parallel processing. We first show that the joint resource allocation problem is non-convex. We study the complexity of optimizing a part of the system parameters, and based on these results propose an iterative algorithm that converges to a local optimum. The results in this thesis reveal the importance of advanced transmission techniques for computation offloading and the necessity of joint communication and computing resources allocation in various MEC systems.
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| 18. |
- Zhang, Kang-Ping, et al.
(författare)
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Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria as a nutrition assessment tool for patients with cancer
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.). - : Elsevier. - 0899-9007 .- 1873-1244. ; 91-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Since the launch of Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM), there has been an urgent need to validate the new criteria, especially in patients with cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate and validate the use of the GLIM criteria in patients with cancer.Method: This multicenter cohort study compared the GLIM with the scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (sPG-SGA). The 1-y survival rate, multivariate Cox regression analysis, k-value, sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and time-dependent ROC analysis were applied to identify the performance of the GLIM.Results: Among the 3777 patients in the study, 50.9% versus 49.1% or 36.3% versus 63.7% of the patients were defined as well-nourished and malnourished by GLIM or sPG-SGA, respectively. GLIM presented moderate consistency (k = 0.54, P < 0.001), fair sensitivity and specificity (70.5 and 88.3%) compared with sPG-SGA. There was no difference in the 1-y survival rate in malnourished patients (76.9 versus 76.4%, P = 0.711), but it was significantly different in well-nourished patients (85.8 versus 90.3%, P < 0.001) between GLIM and sPG-SGA. The above difference was eliminated after omitted nutritional risk screening (NRS)-2002 screening before GLIM (88.1 versus 90.3%, P = 0.078). Omitting NRS-2002 screening before GLIM did not change the 1-y survival rate in well-nourished or malnourished patients by GLIM with NRS-2002 screening (76.9 versus 78.9%, P = 0.099; 85.8% versus 88.1%, P = 0.092) although it significantly raised the rate of malnutrition to 72.5%. The combination of "weight loss and cancer" showed better performance than other combinations.Conclusions: GLIM could be a convenient alternative to sPG-SGA in nutrition assessment for patients with cancer. The combination of "weight loss and cancer" was better than other combinations. Considering the higher risk for malnutrition in patients with cancer, NRS-2002 screening may not be needed before GLIM.
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| 19. |
- Zhang, Ming, et al.
(författare)
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Tethered Small-Molecule Acceptor Refines Hierarchical Morphology in Ternary Polymer Solar Cells: Enhanced Stability and 19% Efficiency
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polymer solar cells (PSCs) are promising for efficient solar energy conversion, but achieving high efficiency and device longevity within a bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) structure remains a challenge. Traditional small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) in the BHJ blend show thermodynamic instability affecting the morphology. In contrast, tethered SMAs exhibit higher glass transition temperatures, mitigating these concerns. Yet, they might not integrate well with polymer donors, causing pronounced phase separation and overpurification of mixed domains. Herein, a novel ternary device is introduced that uses DY-P2EH, a tethered dimeric SMA with conjugated side-chains as host acceptor, and BTP-ec9, a monomeric SMA as secondary acceptor, which respectively possess hypomiscibility and hypermiscibility with the polymer donor PM6. This unique combination affords a parallel-connected ternary BHJ blend, leading to a hierarchical and stable morphology. The ternary device achieves a remarkable fill factor of 80.61% and an impressive power conversion efficiency of 19.09%. Furthermore, the ternary device exhibits exceptional stability, retaining over 85% of its initial efficiency even after enduring 1100 h of thermal stress at 85 degrees C. These findings highlight the potential advantage of tethered SMAs in the design of ternary devices with a refined hierarchical structure for more efficient and durable solar energy conversion technologies. A ternary-device design is proposed that fully utilizes the individual thermodynamic properties of both dimeric acceptor and monomeric acceptor. The high Tg value of dimeric acceptor significantly impedes the molecular movement of monomeric acceptor, while hypermiscible properties of monomeric acceptor promote percolation of the mixed domain for enhancing charge dynamics.image
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| 20. |
- Zhang, Qi, et al.
(författare)
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Scored-GLIM as an effective tool to assess nutrition status and predict survival in patients with cancer
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 40:6, s. 4225-4233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & aims: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) released new universal criteria for diagnosing and grading malnutrition, and calls for further investigations not only in different clinical setting but also in GLIM itself including reference value, combination and weight of different GLIM criteria. This study aimed to weigh the GLIM criteria and develop a scored-GLIM system, and then validate as well as evaluate its application in nutritional assessment and survival prediction for patients with cancer. Design: A total of 3547 patients in the primary cohort and 415 patients in the validation cohort were included in the study. Patients' nutritional status were retrospectively assessed using the GLIM criteria. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to analyze the association between nutritional status and overall survival (OS). A nomogram was produced to quantify the GLIM criteria and develop the scored-GLIM system. C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve analyses were performed to validate the predictive accuracy and discriminatory capacity of the scored-GLIM. Finally, a decision curve was applied to assess the clinical utility of the scored-GLIM system. Results: In the primary cohort, 70.3% of patients were diagnosed as malnutrition. The malnutrition severity grading according to the GLIM criteria were associated with the prognosis of patients with cancer (HR 1.42,1.23 to 1.65 for moderate malnutrition; HR 1.80,1.84 to 2.09 for severe malnutrition). The weight of each GLIM criteria was calculated, and unintentional weight loss was the most determining factor acting upon mortality (HR 1.82, 1.64 to 2.10 for stage II and HR 1.50, 1.31 to 1.73 for stage I). A nomogram was constructed by four factors of GLIM to weigh the GLIM criteria. The areas under the ROC curve were 65.3 (1-year ROC) and 65.5 (3-year ROC), and the C-index was 0.62, and the calibration curves fitted well. Decision curve analysis demonstrated the clinical usefulness of the scored-GLIM system. Conclusion: The accuracy and net clinical benefit of scored-GLIM system were similar to scored-PG-SGA but higher than GLIM both in nutrition assessment and in survival prediction for patients with cancer. These findings, along with its time-savings advantages over scored-PG-SGA, suggest scored-GLIM be a better nutritional assessment tool. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.
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