| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 3. |
- Luo, Yifei, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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| 4. |
- Fenstermacher, M.E., et al.
(författare)
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DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nuclear Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 0029-5515 .- 1741-4326. ; 62:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limits and regulate β N in the ITER baseline scenario, based on plasma response to probing 3D fields, was demonstrated. Finally, innovative tokamak operation using a negative triangularity shape showed many attractive features for future pilot plant operation.
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| 5. |
- Liang, Pu-Lin, et al.
(författare)
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Three polymethoxyflavones from the peel of Citrus reticulata "Chachi" inhibits oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced macrophage-derived foam cell formation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2297-055X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Foam cell formation is the hallmark of the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory effects of three polymethoxyflavones (PMFs), namely, tangeretin (TAN), 5,6,7,3 ',4 ',5 '-hexamethoxyflavone (HxMF), and 3,5,6,7,8,3 ',4 '-heptamethoxyflavone (HpMF) on macrophage-derived foam cell formation and to further explore the molecular mechanisms. The RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cell model was successfully induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) (80 mu g/ml). It showed that TAN, HxMF, and HpMF alleviated ox-LDL-induced NO release while also inhibiting the expression of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha in RAW264.7 cells. Uptake of excess ox-LDL was inhibited by TAN, HxMF, and HpMF, resulting in the reduction of its foam cell formation. Moreover, TAN, HxMF, and HpMF promoted HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux. Western blot experiment showed that TAN, HxMF, and HpMF inhibited the expression of scavenger receptor class A type I (SRA1) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), while upregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), liver X receptor alpha (LXR alpha), phospholipid ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), and scavenger receptor class B type I (SRB1) expression. Together, our findings suggested that PMFs inhibited foam cell formation might inhibit lipid uptake via downregulating SRA1/CD36 expression and promote cholesterol efflux from foam cells via upregulating PPAR gamma/LXR alpha/ABCG1/SRB1 expression. This antiatherosclerotic activity is expected to provide new insights into the development of healthcare uses for PMFs.
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| 6. |
- Ma, Q, et al.
(författare)
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ZnT8 loss-of-function accelerates functional maturation of hESC-derived β cells and resists metabolic stress in diabetes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1, s. 4142-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human embryonic stem cell-derived β cells (SC-β cells) hold great promise for treatment of diabetes, yet how to achieve functional maturation and protect them against metabolic stresses such as glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity remains elusive. Our single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals that ZnT8 loss of function (LOF) accelerates the functional maturation of SC-β cells. As a result, ZnT8 LOF improves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) by releasing the negative feedback of zinc inhibition on insulin secretion. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ZnT8 LOF mutations endow SC-β cells with resistance to lipotoxicity/glucotoxicity-triggered cell death by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through modulation of zinc levels. Importantly, transplantation of SC-β cells with ZnT8 LOF into mice with preexisting diabetes significantly improves glycemia restoration and glucose tolerance. These findings highlight the beneficial effect of ZnT8 LOF on the functional maturation and survival of SC-β cells that are useful as a potential source for cell replacement therapies.
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| 7. |
- Wang, Kui, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient electro-demulsification of O/W emulsions and simultaneous oil removal enabled by a multiscale porous biocarbon electrode
- 2024
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 481
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emulsion wastewater contain substantial amounts of oil and various additives, which pose threats to the environment and human health. Demulsification is a crucial pretreatment stage for wastewater. This study aims to identify a novel electro-demulsification method with high oil removal efficiency and low energy consumption. Modified carbonized birch wood with a unique isotropic multiscale pore structure is used as a self-standing electrode to treat a toluene oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion. The electrode must have a highly porous structure to facilitate efficient water diffusion and oil adsorption. It must also have high electronic conductivity to expedite polarized molecular electrophoresis to realize penetration into the pores and, subsequently, demulsification. Guided by an applied electric field force, polarized O/W droplets are drawn toward the electrode, revealing electrical characteristics distinct from those of polarized organic molecules. This electric field force augments the capture and adhesion of droplets by the electric double layer at the electrode interface. Consequently, adsorbed droplets in close proximity to the electrode rupture due to the combined influence of the electric field force and the electrostatic effects stemming from the electrode's multiscale porous structure. This synergistic action enables demulsification to occur efficiently at low energy consumption levels. This study has revealed that electro-demulsification can effectively treat toluene emulsions stabilized by various surfactants and microemulsion containing toluene. Therefore, this electro-demulsification technology can be further developed for various types of water pollution.
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| 8. |
- Feigin, Valery L., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2021
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - : Elsevier. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 20:10, s. 795-820
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Regularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) aims to provide a standardised and comprehensive measurement of these metrics at global, regional, and national levels. Methods We applied GBD 2019 analytical tools to calculate stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of DALYs (with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) associated with 19 risk factors, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These estimates were provided for ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and all strokes combined, and stratified by sex, age group, and World Bank country income level. Findings In 2019, there were 12.2 million (95% UI 11.0-13.6) incident cases of stroke, 101 million (93.2-111) prevalent cases of stroke, 143 million (133-153) DALYs due to stroke, and 6.55 million (6.00-7.02) deaths from stroke. Globally, stroke remained the second-leading cause of death (11.6% [10.8-12.2] of total deaths) and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined (5.7% [5.1-6.2] of total DALYs) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the absolute number of incident strokes increased by 70.0% (67.0-73.0), prevalent strokes increased by 85.0% (83.0-88.0), deaths from stroke increased by 43.0% (31.0-55.0), and DALYs due to stroke increased by 32.0% (22.0-42.0). During the same period, age-standardised rates of stroke incidence decreased by 17.0% (15.0-18.0), mortality decreased by 36.0% (31.0-42.0), prevalence decreased by 6.0% (5.0-7.0), and DALYs decreased by 36.0% (31.0-42.0). However, among people younger than 70 years, prevalence rates increased by 22.0% (21.0-24.0) and incidence rates increased by 15.0% (12.0-18.0). In 2019, the age-standardised stroke-related mortality rate was 3.6 (3.5-3.8) times higher in the World Bank low-income group than in the World Bank high-income group, and the age-standardised stroke-related DALY rate was 3.7 (3.5-3.9) times higher in the low-income group than the high-income group. Ischaemic stroke constituted 62.4% of all incident strokes in 2019 (7.63 million [6.57-8.96]), while intracerebral haemorrhage constituted 27.9% (3.41 million [2.97-3.91]) and subarachnoid haemorrhage constituted 9.7% (1.18 million [1.01-1.39]). In 2019, the five leading risk factors for stroke were high systolic blood pressure (contributing to 79.6 million [67.7-90.8] DALYs or 55.5% [48.2-62.0] of total stroke DALYs), high body-mass index (34.9 million [22.3-48.6] DALYs or 24.3% [15.7-33.2]), high fasting plasma glucose (28.9 million [19.8-41.5] DALYs or 20.2% [13.8-29.1]), ambient particulate matter pollution (28.7 million [23.4-33.4] DALYs or 20.1% [16.6-23.0]), and smoking (25.3 million [22.6-28.2] DALYs or 17.6% [16.4-19.0]). Interpretation The annual number of strokes and deaths due to stroke increased substantially from 1990 to 2019, despite substantial reductions in age-standardised rates, particularly among people older than 70 years. The highest age-standardised stroke-related mortality and DALY rates were in the World Bank low-income group. The fastest-growing risk factor for stroke between 1990 and 2019 was high body-mass index. Without urgent implementation of effective primary prevention strategies, the stroke burden will probably continue to grow across the world, particularly in low-income countries.
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| 9. |
- He, Q., et al.
(författare)
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Revealing Morphology Evolution in Highly Efficient Bulk Heterojunction and Pseudo-Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells by Additives Treatment
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advanced Energy Materials. - : Wiley. - 1614-6832 .- 1614-6840. ; 11:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Additives treatment is as a very effective strategy to optimize bulk heterojunction (BHJ) morphology. However, the inherent working mechanism of this strategy still lacks systematical investigations in non-fullerene-acceptors-based organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, a series of BHJ and pseudo-planar heterojunction (PPHJ) OSCs using PM6 and IT-4F as the electron donor/acceptor pair, are developed to unveil the promoting effect of solvent additive 1, 8-diiodooctane (DIO) on active layer morphologies and device performance. The study clearly demonstrates that DIO can increase the crystallinity of IT-4F significantly, while it has less impact on PM6. It is notable that a new efficiency-determining crystalline balanced factor (CCLpolymer/CCLacceptor) is put forward, indicating that the more balanced CCLpolymer/CCLacceptor results in more balanced charge mobility and much better short-circuit current densities (Jsc) and fill factors (FF) of OSCs. The PPHJ blend film of PM6/IT-4F(DIO) exhibits enhanced crystallinity with more balanced CCL and favorable hierarchical distribution morphology, contributing to a champion efficiency of 13.70% with a record Jsc of 20.98 mA cm−2 and a remarkable FF of 75.9%. This work not only reveals the underlying mechanism of DIO caused morphology evolution, but also achieves highly efficient PPHJ OSCs with superior thermal stability by elaborately controlling the morphology of PPHJ film.
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| 10. |
- Lensink, Marc F., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of AlphaFold on structure prediction of protein complexes: The CASP15-CAPRI experiment
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proteins. - : WILEY. - 0887-3585 .- 1097-0134.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results for CAPRI Round 54, the 5th joint CASP-CAPRI protein assembly prediction challenge. The Round offered 37 targets, including 14 homodimers, 3 homo-trimers, 13 heterodimers including 3 antibody-antigen complexes, and 7 large assemblies. On average similar to 70 CASP and CAPRI predictor groups, including more than 20 automatics servers, submitted models for each target. A total of 21 941 models submitted by these groups and by 15 CAPRI scorer groups were evaluated using the CAPRI model quality measures and the DockQ score consolidating these measures. The prediction performance was quantified by a weighted score based on the number of models of acceptable quality or higher submitted by each group among their five best models. Results show substantial progress achieved across a significant fraction of the 60+ participating groups. High-quality models were produced for about 40% of the targets compared to 8% two years earlier. This remarkable improvement is due to the wide use of the AlphaFold2 and AlphaFold2-Multimer software and the confidence metrics they provide. Notably, expanded sampling of candidate solutions by manipulating these deep learning inference engines, enriching multiple sequence alignments, or integration of advanced modeling tools, enabled top performing groups to exceed the performance of a standard AlphaFold2-Multimer version used as a yard stick. This notwithstanding, performance remained poor for complexes with antibodies and nanobodies, where evolutionary relationships between the binding partners are lacking, and for complexes featuring conformational flexibility, clearly indicating that the prediction of protein complexes remains a challenging problem.
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| 11. |
- Liu, Sheng, et al.
(författare)
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An improved estimation of soil water and salt dynamics by considering soil bulk density changes under freeze/thaw conditions in arid areas with shallow groundwater tables
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697. ; 859
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil bulk density (BD) is a parameter dependent on soil texture, compositions of soil minerals and organic matter and the extent of soil compaction. Seasonal freeze/thaw in arid areas with shallow groundwater tables (AASGT) may significantly change BD and hence soil hydrothermal properties and water holding capacity. Therefore, quantifying soil bulk density changes (BDC) under freeze/thaw conditions can improve estimates of soil water-salt dynamics in AASGT. In this study, we conducted field experiments to investigate the soil water-salt dynamics under freeze/thaw conditions from three typical land-use types (i.e., farmland, woodland, and natural land) in the upper Yellow River basin, China. We proposed a method to estimate BDC, which can better describe the soil water-salt dynamics during the freeze/thaw period. Our results showed marked BDC occurred in all layers within the 0–100 cm profile in natural land, while mainly at the 20–80 cm profile in farmland. During the freezing period, BD in farmland and natural land first decreased rapidly and then remained relatively stable until the thawing period started. After that, BD gradually increased during the thawing period. The largest BDC in farmland and natural land were 0.48 g cm−3 (occurring at the 30–40 cm layer) and 0.43 g cm−3 (occurring at the 80–90 cm layer), respectively, close to 30 % of their initial values. The differences in BDC between the three land-use types were mainly owing to their differences in groundwater table depth, initial soil salt concentration, soil texture, and surface coverage conditions. Moreover, in farmland and natural land, ignoring BDC resulted in different degrees of overestimation or underestimation in soil water content, water fluxes, and soil hydrothermal properties in the selected soil layers. This study demonstrates that considering BDC can improve the accuracy of soil water-salt dynamics estimation in AASGT under freeze/thaw conditions.
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| 12. |
- Shi, Yu-Sheng, et al.
(författare)
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Limonoids from Citrus : Chemistry, anti-tumor potential, and other bioactivities
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Functional Foods. - : ELSEVIER. - 1756-4646 .- 2214-9414. ; 75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Citrus limonoids are tetranortriterpenoids compounds mainly found in oranges, lemons, grapefruits, and other fruits of Citrus. They are proved to be the leading cause of bitterness in Citrus fruits and are mainly consumed for therapeutic purposes and as food. Numerous studies have focused on Citrus limonoids and intend to develop new chemotherapeutic or complementary medicine in recent years. Citrus limonoids showed various bioactivities such as anti-tumor, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-neurological diseases, immunomodulatory, anti -insect, anti-bacteria, antiviral activities, etc. This review summarized limonoids from Citrus to date, along with their chemical structures and biological activities with a particular focus on their anti-tumor potential.
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| 13. |
- Wan, Cheng-Liang, et al.
(författare)
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基于玻璃毛细管的大气环境MeV质子微束的产生与测量 : [Production and measurement of MeV proton microbeams in atmospheric environment based on glass capillary]
- 2024
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Ingår i: Wuli xuebao. - 1000-3290. ; 73:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 本文采用玻璃毛细管产生了大气环境中工作的2.5 MeV质子外束微束, 并对束斑直径及能量分布随玻璃毛细管与束流方向之间角度(倾角)变化进行测量. 测量结果表明, 在玻璃毛细管轴向与束流方向一致时(倾角为0°), 产生的微束中存在保持初始入射能量的直接穿透部分以及散射部分, 其中直接穿透的质子占比最大, 束斑直径也最大. 随着玻璃毛细管倾角的增大, 当其大于几何张角时, 束斑直径变小, 产生的微束全部为能量减小的散射部分, 直接穿透质子消失. 我们对质子在玻璃毛细管内传输时的内壁散射过程进行了模拟计算及离子轨迹分析, 发现大角度的散射部分决定了形成的外束微束斑外围轮廓, 而束斑中心区域由不与毛细管内壁产生任何作用的直接穿透离子构成, 其大小由玻璃毛细管出口直径以及几何容许张角决定. 采用玻璃毛细管产生的外束微束具有产生简单廉价, 微束区域定位简单的特点, 有望在辐射生物学、医学、材料等领域得到广泛应用.
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| 14. |
- Wang, Anqi, et al.
(författare)
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Characterizing prostate cancer risk through multi-ancestry genome-wide discovery of 187 novel risk variants
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 55:12, s. 2065-2074
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transferability and clinical value of genetic risk scores (GRSs) across populations remain limited due to an imbalance in genetic studies across ancestrally diverse populations. Here we conducted a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of 156,319 prostate cancer cases and 788,443 controls of European, African, Asian and Hispanic men, reflecting a 57% increase in the number of non-European cases over previous prostate cancer genome-wide association studies. We identified 187 novel risk variants for prostate cancer, increasing the total number of risk variants to 451. An externally replicated multi-ancestry GRS was associated with risk that ranged from 1.8 (per standard deviation) in African ancestry men to 2.2 in European ancestry men. The GRS was associated with a greater risk of aggressive versus non-aggressive disease in men of African ancestry (P = 0.03). Our study presents novel prostate cancer susceptibility loci and a GRS with effective risk stratification across ancestry groups.
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| 15. |
- Xiong, Shaobing, et al.
(författare)
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Reducing nonradiative recombination for highly efficient inverted perovskite solar cells via a synergistic bimolecular interface
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2041-1723. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reducing interface nonradiative recombination is important for realizing highly efficient perovskite solar cells. In this work, we develop a synergistic bimolecular interlayer (SBI) strategy via 4-methoxyphenylphosphonic acid (MPA) and 2-phenylethylammonium iodide (PEAI) to functionalize the perovskite interface. MPA induces an in-situ chemical reaction at the perovskite surface via forming strong P-O-Pb covalent bonds that diminish the surface defect density and upshift the surface Fermi level. PEAI further creates an additional negative surface dipole so that a more n-type perovskite surface is constructed, which enhances electron extraction at the top interface. With this cooperative surface treatment, we greatly minimize interface nonradiative recombination through both enhanced defect passivation and improved energetics. The resulting p-i-n device achieves a stabilized power conversion efficiency of 25.53% and one of the smallest nonradiative recombination induced Voc loss of only 59 mV reported to date. We also obtain a certified efficiency of 25.05%. This work sheds light on the synergistic interface engineering for further improvement of perovskite solar cells. Reducing interface nonradiative recombination is important for realizing highly efficient perovskite solar cells. Here, the authors employ a bimolecular interlayer to functionalize the perovskite interface, achieving cooperative surface treatment and certified power conversion efficiency of 25.05%.
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| 16. |
- Ai, Chao, et al.
(författare)
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Current Development on Origami/Kirigami‐Inspired Structure of Creased Patterns toward Robotics
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advanced Engineering Materials. - : Wiley. - 1438-1656 .- 1527-2648. ; 23:10, s. 2100473-2100473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Origami/kirigami, the ancient art of paper folding and cutting techniques, has provided considerable inspiration for structural design routes in the engineering and medical fields over the last few decades. The practicability of the methods and concepts of origami/kirigami has been demonstrated in several emerging classes of technologies, e.g., stretchable electronics, deformable devices, self-assembly fabrication, etc. More and more related products are produced pursuing a folding form for better storage, deformation capacity, and multifunction realization. Herein, the innovative creased patterns of origami/kirigami designs are distinguished and discussed, and the four most widely used creased pattern types are introduced, which may potentially provide origami/kirigami related inspiration and additional solutions toward many research fields.
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| 17. |
- Beeton, Michael L., et al.
(författare)
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections, 11 countries in Europe and Israel, 2011 to 2016
- 2020
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Ingår i: Eurosurveillance. - : EUR CENTRE DIS PREVENTION & CONTROL. - 1025-496X .- 1560-7917. ; 25:2, s. 39-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia, with large epidemics previously described to occur every 4 to 7 years.Aim: To better understand the diagnostic methods used to detect M. pneumoniae; to better understand M. pneumoniae testing and surveillance in use; to identify epidemics; to determine detection number per age group, age demographics for positive detections, concurrence of epidemics and annual peaks across geographical areas; and to determine the effect of geographical location on the timing of epidemics.Methods: A questionnaire was sent in May 2016 to Mycoplasma experts with national or regional responsibility within the ESCMID Study Group for Mycoplasma and Chlamydia Infections in 17 countries across Europe and Israel, retrospectively requesting details on M. pneumoniae-positive samples from January 2011 to April 2016. The Moving Epidemic Method was used to determine epidemic periods and effect of country latitude across the countries for the five periods under investigation.Results: Representatives from 12 countries provided data on M. pneumoniae infections, accounting for 95,666 positive samples. Two laboratories initiated routine macrolide resistance testing since 2013. Between 2011 and 2016, three epidemics were identified: 2011/12, 2014/15 and 2015/16. The distribution of patient ages for M. pneumoniae-positive samples showed three patterns. During epidemic years, an association between country latitude and calendar week when epidemic periods began was noted.Conclusions: An association between epidemics and latitude was observed. Differences were noted in the age distribution of positive cases and detection methods used and practice. A lack of macrolide resistance monitoring was noted.
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| 18. |
- Cheng, Q., et al.
(författare)
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Mechanistic origin of abnormal annealing-induced hardening in an AlCoCrFeNi 2.1 eutectic multi-principal-element alloy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - 1359-6454. ; 252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Annealing-induced hardening, also known as anneal hardening, has been often observed in cold-worked solid solution alloys. Here, we report a peculiar case of annealing-induced hardening in a dual-phase (FCC + B2) as-cast AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic multi-principal-element alloy (EMPEA) without any prior cold-working history. Investigation of the relative hardness contribution of the two phases by nanoindentation experiments revealed that, although both the FCC and B2 phases harden with increasing annealing temperatures, only the FCC phase showed a similar hardening behavior while the B2 phase hardened with increasing annealing temperature. The abnormal hardening in the dual-phase AlCoCrFeNi2.1 is thus proposed to result from the hardening of the FCC phase, which was caused by the ordering strengthening from the L12 phase embedded in the FCC matrix. This ordering strengthening is further supported by the fact that the volume fraction of the L12 ordered particles exhibit a similar peak as that of the hardness value of the FCC phase. By contrast, the growth of BCC particles within the B2 matrix phase was observed, which led to an increased volume fraction of BCC particles. Transmission electron microscopy observations reveal that the BCC particles were observed as strong pinning sites against dislocation motion, which could explain the temperature-dependent hardening behavior of the B2 phase measured by nanoindentation experiments. In this study, a quantitative evaluation of strengthening contributions from the L12 and BCC particles was also performed to understand the mechanical behavior of the alloy.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Conti, David, V, et al.
(författare)
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Trans-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of prostate cancer identifies new susceptibility loci and informs genetic risk prediction
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 53:1, s. 65-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate cancer is a highly heritable disease with large disparities in incidence rates across ancestry populations. We conducted a multiancestry meta-analysis of prostate cancer genome-wide association studies (107,247 cases and 127,006 controls) and identified 86 new genetic risk variants independently associated with prostate cancer risk, bringing the total to 269 known risk variants. The top genetic risk score (GRS) decile was associated with odds ratios that ranged from 5.06 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.84-5.29) for men of European ancestry to 3.74 (95% CI, 3.36-4.17) for men of African ancestry. Men of African ancestry were estimated to have a mean GRS that was 2.18-times higher (95% CI, 2.14-2.22), and men of East Asian ancestry 0.73-times lower (95% CI, 0.71-0.76), than men of European ancestry. These findings support the role of germline variation contributing to population differences in prostate cancer risk, with the GRS offering an approach for personalized risk prediction. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies across different populations highlights new risk loci and provides a genetic risk score that can stratify prostate cancer risk across ancestries.
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| 21. |
- Hu, Lei, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular surface modification of silver chalcogenolate clusters
- 2022
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Ingår i: Dalton Trans.. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). ; 51, s. 3241-3247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents a molecular surface modification approach to synthesizing a family of silver chalcogenolate clusters (SCCs) containing the same [Ag12S6] core and different surface-bonded organic ligands (DMAc or pyridines; DMAc = dimethylacetamide), with the aim of tuning the luminescence property and increasing the structural stability of the SCCs. The SCCs displayed strong and tuneable luminescence emissions at 77 K (from green to orange to red) as influenced by the peripheral pyridine ligands. In addition, SCC 5 protected by pyridine molecules was stable in ambient air, humid air and even liquid water for a long time (up to 1 week), and it was more structurally stable than SCC 1 bonded with DMAc molecules under the same conditions. The high structural stability of SCC 5 can be explained by the ability of pyridine molecules to form strong coordination bonds with silver atoms. This study offers a new way of designing structurally stable metal nanoclusters with tuneable physicochemical properties.
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| 22. |
- Liu, Chen, et al.
(författare)
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Wear Resistance Improvement of Keeled Structure and Overlapped Distribution of Snake Scales
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Bionic Engineering. - : Springer Nature. - 1672-6529 .- 2543-2141. ; 20:3, s. 1121-1131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The movement mode of snakes is crawling, and the living environment of snakes with numerous branches and stones will cause plenty of wear for the snake scales. There are plenty of surface structures and morphology on snake scales to avoid severe wear. Among them, the research towards the keeled structure on snake scales is missing. Therefore, in this research, the wear resistance improvement of the keeled structure on the snake scales and the overlapped distribution of snake scales are investigated. The keeled and smooth snake scales were 3D printed and they were distributed on the substrate in the overlapped or paralleled ways. Besides these four samples with keeled/smooth scales and overlapped/paralleled distributed, there is also a reference sample with the same thickness. Based on the tribology test, the number of grooves of samples with the keeled structures is higher than that of samples with smooth surfaces, which indicates that the keeled structure dramatically enhances the wear resistance of snake scales, especially during the wear in the vertical direction. The experiment on surface morphology greatly compromised the result of the tribology test. In addition, the bottom portion of the keeled snake scales can be protected by the keeled structure. Besides, the overlapped distribution can protect the central region of snake scales and provide double-layer protection of the snake body. Overall, the keeled structure and the overlapped distribution play a significant part in the improvement of wear resistance of the snake skin. These findings can enhance the knowledge of the reptiles-mimic surface structure and facilitate the application of military uniforms under high-wear conditions.
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| 23. |
- Ma, Jin-Ze, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental Together With Interspecific Interactions Determine Bryophyte Distribution in a Protected Mire of Northeast China
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Earth Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-6463. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Question: What environmental variables and plant–plant interactions affect mire bryophyte distribution and does the surrounding landscape with human disturbance play a role in the mire bryophyte distribution?Location: Jinchuan mire, Northeast China.Methods: We studied the spatial distribution of bryophytes in 100 1 × 1 m quadrats in the mire. Spatial variables were simulated by analysis of the distance-based Moran’s eigenvector maps (dbMEM). Variation partitioning analysis was used to reveal the relative contribution of spatial and environmental variables to bryophytes. The relationship between environmental variables and bryophytes was tested by redundancy analysis (RDA). We used co-occurrence and niche overlap models to detect interactions among bryophytes. We also studied the influence of the surrounding landscape on the distribution of bryophytes in relation to water chemistry.Results: The eight bryophytes occupying part of the mire had both a general distribution trend and a local spatial structure. Over 40% of the total variation in cover among bryophytes could be explained by spatial and environmental variables. In this fraction, the environmental variables explained 29.7% of the variation, of which only 4.5% was not spatially structured. RDA showed the contribution of dwarf shrub cover (SC), Na, and P to the bryophyte distribution was relatively large. Concentration of Na and SC decreased gradually from north to south, and contributed most to the variation in species composition along the first axis. The concentrations of P decreased from east to west, and contributed along the second axis. All the bryophyte species were spatially isolated but with large niche overlaps, indicating that the bryophyte community was structured by interspecific competition.Conclusion: Sodium mainly originating from the volcanic hill and P from the paddy fields were the main environmental factors affecting the bryophyte distribution. Concentrations of Na and P showed spatial structure, and resulted in induced spatial dependence (ISD) playing a major role in the spatial structure of the bryophyte community. Dwarf shrubs affected by nutrient distribution in the mire significantly influenced the bryophyte distribution in the mire. We conclude that the surrounding ecosystems had important influence on bryophyte distribution via nutrient influx. Furthermore, competitive interactions exacerbated the spatial separation of bryophytes.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Wang, Xiaoyu, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of Insomnia With Insulin Resistance Traits : A Cross-sectional and Mendelian Randomization Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 108:8, s. e574-e582
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Insomnia is associated with insulin resistance (IR) in observational studies; however, whether insomnia is causally associated with IR remains unestablished.Objective: This study aims to estimate the causal associations of insomnia with IR and its related traits.Methods: In primary analyses, multivariable regression (MVR) and 1-sample Mendelian randomization (1SMR) analyses were performed to estimate the associations of insomnia with IR (triglyceride-glucose index and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [TG/HDL-C] ratio) and its related traits (glucose level, TG, and HDL-C) in the UK Biobank. Thereafter, 2-sample MR (2SMR) analyses were used to validate the findings from primary analyses. Finally, the potential mediating effects of IR on the pathway of insomnia giving rise to type 2 diabetes (T2D) were examined using a 2-step MR design.Results: Across the MVR, 1SMR, and their sensitivity analyses, we found consistent evidence suggesting that more frequent insomnia symptoms were significantly associated with higher values of triglyceride-glucose index (MVR, beta = 0.024, P < 2.00E-16; 1SMR, beta = 0.343, P < 2.00E-16), TG/HDL-C ratio (MVR, beta = 0.016, P = 1.75E-13; 1SMR, beta = 0.445, P < 2.00E-16), and TG level (MVR, beta = 0.019 log mg/dL, P < 2.00E-16, 1SMR: beta = 0.289 log mg/dL, P < 2.00E-16) after Bonferroni adjustment. Similar evidence was obtained by using 2SMR, and mediation analysis suggested that about one-quarter (25.21%) of the association between insomnia symptoms and T2D was mediated by IR.Conclusions: This study provides robust evidence supporting that more frequent insomnia symptoms are associated with IR and its related traits across different angles. These findings indicate that insomnia symptoms can be served as a promising target to improve IR and prevent subsequent T2D.
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