| 1. |
- Ferrari, Desiree, et al.
(författare)
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Concentration of carprofen in the milk of lactating bitches after cesarean section and during inflammatory conditions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Theriogenology. - : Elsevier. - 0093-691X .- 1879-3231. ; 181, s. 59-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pain treatment of lactating bitches is a clinically relevant, but complicated issue. Published scientific studies regarding the excretion of drugs in canine milk are scarce. When considering the risk of side effects in their offspring, lactating bitches have traditionally received very restricted analgesic and anti-inflammatory therapy. Our aim was to quantify the concentrations of carprofen in milk from lactating bitches and relate those to potential risks for the puppies. A second aim was to evaluate the impact mastitis may have on the concentration of carprofen in milk. A population of 100 bitches was enrolled in the study, among which 88 were bitches treated with carprofen after cesarean section (Group CS), eight were bitches with painful inflammatory conditions (Group I) and four were bitches with mastitis (Group M). The patients enrolled in the study received carprofen 4 mg/kg sc at day 1 followed by 2 mg/kg po every 12 h for the following 2-5 days. Owners were instructed to collect milk once a day for five days. The concentration of carprofen in the milk was quantified with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The data obtained were statistically analyzed as repeated-measures data with a mixed-model approach. Data were used to calculate the theoretical maximum total daily intake of carprofen by the puppies in order to perform a computerized simulation of the plasma concentration of carprofen in the puppies. Follow-up telephone interviews to check the status of the enrolled bitches and their litters occurred at one week and three-six months after treatment with car-profen. The major finding of the study was that the concentration of carprofen in the milk was <700 ng/ mL from bitches undergoing CS or suffering painful conditions other than mastitis. In comparison, administration of 2 mg/kg of carprofen sc or po to adult dogs, results in mean maximal plasma con-centrations of 19480 +/- 5420 ng/mL (mean +/- SD). Moreover, data suggests that inflammation of the mammary gland results in a higher concentration of carprofen in milk (up to 1300 ng/mL). In the computerized simulation, the plasma concentrations of carprofen in puppies in group CS and in group I are one tenth of the concentration in adult dogs receiving carprofen at standard doses. Considering the low excretion into milk, carprofen provides an analgesic alternative to lactating bitches without mastitis.(c) 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 2. |
- Nyokabi, Ndungu S., et al.
(författare)
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Exploring veterinary students' awareness and perception of zoonoses risks, infection control practices, and biosecurity measures in Ethiopia
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Veterinary Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2297-1769. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Universities and colleges are often regarded as playing a key role in educating veterinarians and animal health workers who advise farmers on herd health and animal husbandry. However, to date, studies examining veterinary students' knowledge of zoonotic diseases of public health importance and the source of this knowledge, as well as their preparedness to respond to these diseases, have focused on the Global North rather than the Global South. This study takes Ethiopia as a case study in exploring veterinary medicine students' knowledge of zoonosis risks, infection control practices and biosecurity measures, recognizing that it is imperative to reconcile national-level veterinary education curricula with emerging global trends, such as One Health-focused training. This training advocates for a collaborative, interdisciplinary response at local, national, and international levels to the adverse impact of zoonotic diseases on animal health and productivity, and human and environmental health. Data for this study were collected through a pre-tested online questionnaire administered to 154 veterinary students from several universities in Ethiopia. The findings of this study suggest veterinary students were aware of the public health risks posed by zoonoses and the important role that collaboration between the disciplines of human and animal health can play in addressing zoonoses and emerging health risks. However, students demonstrated poor knowledge of the need to adopt infection control measures (ICPs) and biosecurity measures to reduce occupational risks and prevent within and between herd transmission of infection. Moreover, students' vaccination rates against zoonotic diseases associated with occupational risks, such as rabies, were low. The results of this study suggest that there are currently gaps in Ethiopia's veterinary curriculum and that enhancing veterinary students' access to information regarding infection control practices and biosecurity measures could contribute to reducing their future occupational exposure to zoonoses. This study highlights the policy implications of the current veterinary medicine curriculum in Ethiopia and the scope for aligning the curriculum with important global initiatives, such as One Health-focused training.
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| 3. |
- Sharif, Hanan, et al.
(författare)
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A monoclonal antibody-based sandwich ELISA for measuring canine Thymidine kinase 1 protein and its role as biomarker in canine lymphoma
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Veterinary Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2297-1769. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Dogs play an important role in society, which increased during the covid epidemics. This has led to a much higher workload for the veterinarians. Therefore, there is a need for efficient diagnostic tools to identify risk of malignant diseases. Here the development of a new test that can solve some of these problems is presented. It is based on serum Thymidine Kinase 1 (TK1), which is a biomarker for cell proliferation and cell lysis.Methods: Anti-TK1 monoclonal antibodies were produced against two different epitopes, the active site of the TK1 protein and the C-terminal region of canine TK1. The antibodies were developed with hybridoma technology and validated using dot blot, Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) technology, western blots, immunoprecipitation (IP), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Clinical evaluation of Canine TK1 ELISA was done by using sera from 131 healthy dogs and 93 dogs with lymphoma. The two selected Anti-TK1 monoclonal antibodies have Kd values in the range of 10(-9) M and further analysis with dot and western blots confirmed the high affinity binding of these antibodies. A sandwich Canine TK1 ELISA was developed using the anti-TK1 antibodies, and TK1 concentrations in serum samples were determined using dog recombinant TK1 as a standard.Results: Serum TK1 protein levels were significantly higher in dogs with lymphoma compared to those in healthy dogs (p < 0.0001). Receiver operating curve analysis showed that the canine TK1-ELISA obtain a sensitivity of 0.80, at a specificity of 0.95. Moreover, the Canine TK1 ELISA has a positive predictive value (PPV) of 97%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) of 83%, reflecting the proportion of test results that are truly positive and negative. Furthermore, Canine TK1 ELISA had significantly higher capacity to differentiate dogs with T-cell lymphoma from those with B-cell lymphoma compared to earlier used TK1 activity assays.Discussion: These results demonstrate that the Canine TK1 ELISA can serve as an efficient tool in the diagnosis and management of dogs with lymphomas.
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| 4. |
- El-Seedi, Hesham, et al.
(författare)
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Insights into the Role of Natural Products in the Control of the Honey Bee Gut Parasite (Nosema spp.)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Animals. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-2615. ; 12:21
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The honey bee is an important economic insect due to its role in pollinating many agricultural plants. Unfortunately, bees are susceptible to many pathogens, including pests, parasites, bacteria, and viruses, most of which exert a destructive impact on thousands of colonies. The occurrence of resistance to the therapeutic substances used against these organisms is rising, and the residue from these chemicals may accumulate in honey bee products, subsequently affecting the human health. There is current advice to avoid the use of antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, and other drugs in bees, and therefore, it is necessary to develop alternative strategies for the treatment of bee diseases. In this context, the impact of nosema diseases (nosemosis) on bee health and the negative insults of existing drugs are discussed. Moreover, attempts to combat nosema through the use of alternative compounds, including essential oils, plant extracts, and microbes in vitro and in vivo, are documented.
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| 5. |
- Malaluang, Pongpreecha, et al.
(författare)
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Antimicrobial Resistance in Equine Reproduction
- 2021
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Ingår i: Animals. - : MDPI. - 2076-2615. ; 11:11
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simple SummaryBacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics, resulting in the appearance of infections that are difficult or impossible to treat. This ability enables bacteria to survive in hostile environments and can result from exposure to even small amounts of antibiotic substances. Bacteria are present in the reproductive tract of the horse; they can develop resistance to antibiotics, because the animal has been treated for an infection, or due to insemination with a semen dose that contains antibiotics. Bacteria colonize the membrane lining the male reproductive tract and are transferred to the semen during collection. They can cause sperm quality to deteriorate during storage or may cause an infection in the mare. Therefore, antibiotics are added to the semen dose, according to legislation. However, these antibiotics may contribute to the development of resistance. Current recommendations are that antibiotics should only be used to treat bacterial infections and where the sensitivity of the bacterium to the antibiotic has first been established. Therefore, adding antibiotics to semen extenders does not fit these recommendations. In this review, we examine the effects of bacteria in semen and in the inseminated mare, and possible alternatives to their use.Bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics following low-level "background " exposure to antimicrobial agents as well as from exposure at therapeutic levels during treatment for bacterial infections. In this review, we look specifically at antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the equine reproductive tract and its possible origin, focusing particularly on antibiotics in semen extenders used in preparing semen doses for artificial insemination. Our review of the literature indicated that AMR in the equine uterus and vagina were reported worldwide in the last 20 years, in locations as diverse as Europe, India, and the United States. Bacteria colonizing the mucosa of the reproductive tract are transferred to semen during collection; further contamination of the semen may occur during processing, despite strict attention to hygiene at critical control points. These bacteria compete with spermatozoa for nutrients in the semen extender, producing metabolic byproducts and toxins that have a detrimental effect on sperm quality. Potential pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa may occasionally cause fertility issues in inseminated mares. Antibiotics are added during semen processing, according to legislation, to impede the growth of these microorganisms but may have a detrimental effect on sperm quality, depending on the antimicrobial agent and concentration used. However, this addition of antibiotics is counter to current recommendations on the prudent use of antibiotics, which recommend that antibiotics should be used only for therapeutic purposes and after establishing bacterial sensitivity. There is some evidence of resistance among bacteria found in semen samples. Potential alternatives to the addition of antibiotics are considered, especially physical removal separation of spermatozoa from bacteria. Suggestions for further research with colloid centrifugation are provided.
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| 6. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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Djurhållning och antibiotika: en gyllene triangel!
- 2023
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Ingår i: Tidskriften Alba. - 1403-5448. ; :2023-10-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- För ett par veckor sedan var jag i Amsterdam och talade om etiska dilemman och utmaningar i arbetet med antibiotikaresistens i djurhållning och veterinärmedicin på en konferens. ”Från fabrik till gödselstack” var devisen för mitt bidrag, för att framhålla att djurhållningens användning av antibiotika – precis som sjukvårdens – är en del av en större helhet, där även produktionssystemen för läkemedel och mat (och friska djur och människor), och naturmiljön ingår. Varje del både bidrar till utmaningen med resistens – att vår användning och hantering av dessa viktiga mediciner gör dem obrukbara – och utgör löften för att sätta in åtgärder som kan mildra problemet. Alla sådana åtgärder kommer samtidigt ha nackdelar och kostnader – därav behovet att analysera etiken. På konferensen fick jag också chans att förkovra mig i olika slags forskning om hur jordbruk och annan djurhållning kan hantera antibiotikaresistensen bättre. Jag lärde mig då att området utgör en riktig gyllene triangel – på gott och ont.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Transport av dräktiga djur, transport av unga djur och åldersbestämning av foster
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- De flesta lantbruksdjur transporteras endast enstaka gånger i livet och har därför sällan möjlighet att vänja sig vid transporter på ett sätt som skulle förebygga stress och bidra till en god transportupplevelse. Att skapa förutsättningar som minimerar påverkan på djuren och underlättar drivning av djuren är därför av stor vikt. Livdjurstransport eller transport till slakt kan vara en mycket stressfylld situation för djur. EFSA har under 2022 publicerat tre olika utlåtanden om transport av nötkreatur, små idisslare och gris. EFSA har i sina utlåtanden identifierat följande relevanta välfärdsrisker: social stress i samband med omgruppering, stress då djuren hanteras av ovarsamma människor eller av människor som de inte är vana vid, stress på grund av värme eller kyla, skador, rörelsestress (orsakat av fordonets rörelser), predationsstress (specifikt hos får som drivs med hund), hunger, törst, respiratoriska problem (specifikt hos nötkreatur), begränsade rörelsemöjligheter, svårigheter att vila och sensorisk överstimulering. Sammantaget kan dessa välfärdsrisker leda till ackumulerad och hög stress, rädsla, smärta, obehag och utmattning hos djuren.Nötkreatur, grisar och får är sociala djur som lätt stressas om de separeras från sin grupp. Att ta hänsyn till deras naturliga flockbeteende genom att t.ex. inte driva djur enskilt utan i grupp (undantag för vuxna handjur som ofta behöver hanteras enskilt) är därför viktigt både före, under och efter transport. Omgrupperingar och social stress riskerar att leda till aggressioner och oönskade beteenden då djuren kan komma att skada sig själva eller varandra.Djurs tidigare erfarenheter av att bli hanterade av människor påverkar deras upplevelse och stressnivå vid hantering i samband med transport. En mer vänlig hantering av djuren tidigt i livet kan underlätta hanteringen i samband med transport. Djurens rädsla utgör en välfärdsrisk, både för djuren själva och för den transportör som ska hantera dem. Utlastningsutrymmen och drivvägar behöver vara väl designade för att få ett bra flöde när djuren lastas respektive lastas av och den som hanterar djuren behöver ha god kunskap om djurens naturliga beteenden.Hunger och törst kan uppstå hos djur under tiden från lastning till transport och urlastning. Risken för att djuren ska uppleva hunger och törst ökar med längre transporttider. Unga djur har ett naturligt tätare födointag vilket man kan behöva ta hänsyn till vid transport genom att erbjuda djuren möjlighet att äta och dricka oftare än äldre djur. I nuläget finns det inga optimala lösningar på hur man ska kunna tillgodose behovet av vatten eller annan utfodring på transport då intaget även påverkas av stress och sociala faktorer utöver vana vid utrustningen.Djurtätheten på transportfordonet är en viktig faktor som påverkar djurens möjligheter att hålla balansen och att kunna ligga ned och vila, men även risken för skador och död. Behovet av att kunna ligga ned under transport ökar med transportens längd och huruvida djuren ligger ned är kopplat till vilket utrymme som ges, där större utrymme leder till att fler djur ligger ned.Sen dräktighet räknas som ett tillstånd då det inte är lämpligt att transportera ett djur eftersom transport under denna period kan leda till negativa konsekvenser för djurets välfärd och risker för avkomman. Dräktighet innebär ökad sårbarhet både fysiskt och fysiologiskt. För dräktiga djur innebär därför den stress som förflyttning, lastning, ny miljö, okända människor, rörlig och ostabil transport, transportfordonets förutsättningar, samt avsaknad av foder och vatten under längre perioder, en större påfrestning med en ökad risk för negativa konsekvenser, än för icke-dräktiga djur. Dräktiga djur har en ökad metabolism och värmeproduktion, framförallt under sen dräktighet, vilket gör dräktiga djur mer känsliga för värmestress än icke-dräktiga djur. Vidare blir fysisk ansträngning jobbigare för det dräktiga djuret beroende både på den ökade tyngden och dess påverkan på rörelseapparaten. Även cirkulationssystemet blir mer ansträngt med en förhöjd hjärtfrekvens som följd. Vid värmestress ökar dessutom andningsfrekvensen påtagligt.Kortisol har en viktig roll i slutet av dräktigheten och för att initiera förlossning. I slutet av dräktigheten stiger kortisolnivåerna i moderdjurets blod till följd av att fostrets kortisolproduktion ökar. Förhöjda kortisolnivåer till följd av stress och fysisk ansträngning i samband med lastning, hantering, omgruppering, transport och nya miljöer kan orsaka abort eller för tidig igångsättning av förlossningen. Flera studier visar att det även finns risker under andra delar av dräktigheten. Transport ökar till exempel risken för embryonala förluster under tidig dräktighet hos gris, framför allt under vecka två till fyra, vilket är en kortisolkänslig period. För nötkreatur finns det risk för embryonala förluster vid transporter under dräktighetens första två månader och studier på får har visat på negativa effekter på lamm och ökad risk för fosterdöd vid förhöjda kortisolnivåer hos tackan. Det finns även en risk för epigenetiska effekter hos fostren vid stress hos moderdjuret, vilka kan komma att påverka avkomman senare i livet.När hondjuren ökar i vikt genom fostertillväxt och ökad volym av fostervätskor, påverkas deras rörlighet och förmåga att hålla balansen vilket kan göra att både lastning och transport försvåras samt innebära en ökad risk för halkskador och fläkningsskador. Eventuella led- och klövproblem kan dessutom förvärras eller försvåra rörelsemöjligheterna, även om uppenbar hälta inte alltid kan ses. Den ökade storleken gör att dräktiga djur kräver större plats under transporten, både för att djuren i sig är större, men också för att de ska kunna parera rörelser och hålla balansen. Dräktiga grisar minskar sin aktivitetsnivå och har större behov av att ligga ned och vila vilket behöver tillgodoses under transport.I slutet av dräktigheten, oklart exakt när, sker en uppmjukning av vävnaderna i bäckenregionen vilket är mer påtagligt för nötkreatur än för små idisslare och suggor. Uppmjukningen kvarstår även en tid efter förlossningen. Uppmjukningen ger försämrad stabilitet vid rörelse, vilket innebär risker vid både lastning och transport. Det är därför viktigt att man tar hänsyn till detta och har god tidsmarginal vid transport av dräktiga eller nyförlösta djur, så att djuren inte riskerar att transporteras under den tid som bäckenet är instabilt.Den vetenskapliga evidensen för EU:s regel om 90 % av den förväntade dräktighetstiden som gräns för transport av dräktiga djur förefaller oklar. Rådet ställer sig bakom konklusionen i EFSA:s utlåtande om transport av nötkreatur, små idisslare och gris, om att vetenskapliga belägg för den exakta nu gällande gränsdragningen saknas, samtidigt som det är tydligt att långt gången dräktighet är en riskfaktor för negativ djurvälfärd under transport. I de aktuella utlåtandena finns dock flera studier citerade som visar på sårbarhet för de dräktiga djuren och deras foster under en period som i många fall är längre än de sista 10 % av dräktighetstiden samt att det finns en ökad sårbarhet även under andra delar av dräktigheten och att både moderdjur och foster kan påverkas negativt av att transporteras.Det finns risk för att den stress som en transport innebär kan leda till att det sent dräktiga djuret aborterar eller att förlossningen sätts igång under eller strax efter transport. Då det således föreligger risker för foster och moderdjur vid transport av dräktiga djur under stora delar av dräktighetsperioden anser Rådet att transport av dräktiga djur (nötkreatur, får och gris) om möjligt bör undvikas.Vid transport av unga kalvar, smågrisar och lamm måste hänsyn tas till flera faktorer, såsom ålder, immunförsvarets utveckling, djurens allmänna hälsostatus, huruvida djuren är avvanda eller inte, social stress, etc. Unga djur är generellt känsligare än vuxna djur, och påverkas än mer av att utsättas för hunger och törst, kalla och varma transporter, och begränsade möjligheter att vila under transport. Under perioden då det passiva immunförsvaret går ned samtidigt som det aktiva immunförsvaret är under uppbyggnad är djuren extra känsliga för infektioner.Hur väl ett ungt djur klarar en transport beror bl.a. på längden på transporten (ju längre transport desto större risk för djurens välfärd), samt djurets ålder och vikt. Tiden mellan två och fyra veckor är en känslig ålder för transport av kalvar. Enligt EFSA bör inte kalvar transporteras tidigare än vid fem veckors ålder och de bör väga minst 50 kg. För lamm rekommenderas att djuren transporteras först efter avvänjning. Vidare behöver hänsyn tas till djurens behov av foder och vatten, så att deras närings- samt vätskebehov tillgodoses. Hänsyn behöver även tas till på vilket sätt de är vana vid att inta foder och vatten, och om djuret hålls på liknande sätt i transporten som de är vana vid, exempelvis i samma grupp eller tillsammans med sin mamma. Det kan vara klokt att utfodra djuren innan transport för att minska risken för hunger under transporten. Vid mjölkgiva till kalv behöver tid ges för digestion innan transport för att minska risken för diarré.Icke avvanda djur upplever en större stress runt transport än avvanda djur (vid transport utan moderdjur) och det är därför bättre att företrädesvis transportera djuren efter avvänjning. Unga djur är heller inte motoriskt färdigutvecklade, vilket kan påverka deras balans under transport samt vid på- och avlastning. Yngre djur ligger ned oc
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| 8. |
- Berg, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Patologins viktiga bidrag till djurskyddet
- 2022
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Ingår i: Svensk Veterinärtidning. - 0346-2250. ; 74, s. 18-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Patologin kan spela en avgörande roll i samband med djurskyddsärenden. Här berättar Lotta Berg och Elina Åsbjer, som även ingår i Sveriges Veterinärförbunds djurskyddsutskott, om olika aspekter av forensisk veterinärmedicin
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| 9. |
- Cassi, Xavier Fernandez, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial communities and Food safety aspects of crickets (Acheta domestica) reared under controlled conditions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of insects as food and feed. - 2352-4588. ; 6, s. 429-440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an approach combining microbiological culture methods with high-throughput sequencing, this study investigated the microbial communities (bacteria, moulds and yeasts) in Swedish-produced edible crickets (Acheta domesticus) reared in a controlled environment. The effects of different feeds on microbial loads and populations in crickets were also studied. The crickets used were third-generation offspring from wild-caught individuals from Sweden, which are adapted to grow in a laboratory environment. The efficiency of rinsing to decrease microbial load was evaluated not obtaining a significant decrease of plating counts for total aerobic counts (TAC) and Enterobacteriaceae. Crickets were divided into three batches and fed different diets (control feed, early-cut red clover hay (ECH), late-cut fresh red clover (LCF)) for 62 days. Bacterial numbers (TAC and Enterobacteriaceae) on whole raw crickets ranged between 7 and 8 log cfu/g. Pre-rinsing in water did not reduce these levels (P=0.19). All batches tested negative for the food-borne bacteria Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus and Clostridium perfringens. The mean mould count for crickets fed control feed was 2.8 log cfu/g, while the values for crickets fed ECH and LCF were 4.2 and 4.5 log cfu/g, respectively. The dominant bacterial communities were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, with Firmicutes and Proteobacteria dominating in crickets fed control feed, Firmicutes dominating in crickets fed LCF and Proteobacteria dominating in crickets fed ECH. Aspergillus flavus, a fungus that is capable of producing mycotoxins, was detected in control feed and ECH reared crickets. More work is needed to identify specific food-borne pathogens in edible crickets and establish possible bacterial quality reference values, as an important step in developing microbial quality and safety parameters to ensure consumer safety.
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| 10. |
- Halvarsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Gastrointestinal parasite community structure in horses after the introduction of selective anthelmintic treatment strategies
- 2024
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Ingår i: Veterinary Parasitology. - 0304-4017 .- 1873-2550. ; 326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A relatively new method to study the species richness and diversity of nematode parasites in grazing animals is to perform deep sequencing on composite samples containing a mixture of parasites. In this work, we compared species composition of strongyles in two groups of horses as a function of egg count and age, based on a DNA barcoding approach. Faecal egg counts and larval cultures were obtained from nearly 300 horses, i.e., domestic horses (n = 167) and trotters (n = 130) sampled nationwide. The second internal transcribed spacer region (ITS2) of strongyle nematodes in the larval cultures was first amplified using barcoded universal primers and then sequenced on the PacBio platform. Subsequently, bioinformatic sequence analysis was performed using SCATA to assign operational taxonomic units (OTU). Finally, species occurrence and composition were assessed using R. ITS2 sequences were found in the majority (89%) of larval samples. Sequencing yielded an average of 140 (26 to 503) reads per sample. The OTUs were assigned to 28 different taxa, of which all but three could be identified as species. The average relative abundance of the seven most abundant species (all Cyathostominae) accounted for 87% of the combined data set. The three species with the highest prevalence in both horse groups were Cyathostomum catinatum, Cylicocyclus nassatus and Cylicostephanus calicatus, and they were frequently found in different combinations with other species regardless of horse group. Interestingly, this result is largely consistent with a previous Swedish study based on morphological analysis of adult worms. In addition, two migratory strongylids (Strongylus vulgaris and S. edentatus) occurred in few domestic horses and trotters. Except for C. minutus and C. nassatus, which decreased with age, and C. catinatum and S. vulgaris, which increased, no specific trends were observed with respect to horse age. Taken together, these results are broadly consistent with data obtained before the introduction of selective targeted treatment in Sweden in 2007. All in all, our results suggest that this treatment strategy has not led to a significant change in strongyle nematode community structure in Swedish horses. The study also confirms that nemabiome analysis in combination with diversity index analysis is an objective method to study strongyle communities in horses.
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| 11. |
- Kautto, Arja, et al.
(författare)
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Can we use meat inspection data for animal health and welfare surveillance?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Veterinary Science. - 2297-1769. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ante- and post-mortem inspections at abattoir were originally introduced to provide assurance that animal carcasses were fit for human consumption. However, findings at meat inspection can also represent a valuable source of information for animal health and welfare surveillance. Yet, before making secondary use of meat inspection data, it is important to assess that the same post-mortem findings get registered in a consistent way among official meat inspectors across abattoirs, so that the results are as much independent as possible from the abattoir where the inspection is performed. The most frequent findings at official meat inspections of pigs and beef cattle in Sweden were evaluated by means of variance partitioning to quantify the amount of variation in the probabilities of these findings due to abattoir and farm levels. Seven years of data (2012-2018) from 19 abattoirs were included in the study. The results showed that there was a very low variation between abattoirs for presence of liver parasites and abscesses, moderately low variation for pneumonia and greatest variation for injuries and nonspecific findings (e.g., other lesions). This general pattern of variation was similar for both species and implies that some post-mortem findings are consistently detected and so are a valuable source of epidemiological information for surveillance purposes. However, for those findings associated with higher variation, calibration and training activities of meat inspection staff are necessary to enable correct conclusions about the occurrence of pathological findings and for producers to experience an equivalent likelihood of deduction in payment (independent of abattoir).
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| 12. |
- Vågsholm, Ivar
(författare)
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Challenges and opportunities in the implementation of new meat inspection systems in Europe
- 2021
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Ingår i: Trends in Food Science and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-2244. ; 116, s. 460-467
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The traditional meat inspection system is often found to be inefficient. Meat inspection in European countries is in a phase of modernisation to reflect improvements in livestock health and advances in understanding meat safety. The key point of progress is to replace the traditional meat inspection with risk-based meat inspection, including the elements of a meat safety assurance system (MSAS). Scope and approach: Modernisation of meat inspection was launched by the European Food Safety Authority's (EFSA) opinions and recommendations in the period 2011-2013 and consequent amendments to the EU meat inspection legislation in the period 2014-2019. For this study, the EU-funded RIBMINS COST Action conducted a comprehensive survey using an in-depth questionnaire to estimate the level of implementation of new risk-based meat inspection systems in Europe, stakeholders' confidence in the new systems and the main identified obstacles. Key findings and conclusions: The implementation of new meat inspection systems is still ongoing, as they have been fully implemented in just 61%, 42% and 38% of the surveyed countries in the pig, bovine, and poultry sectors, respectively. The main identified obstacles are existing trade agreements with 3rd countries, costs of implementation, inadequate food chain information and resistance from meat inspectors. Improvement of all components of the current meat inspection systems is a prerequisite for further modernisation.
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| 13. |
- Bergh, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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A Systematic Review of Complementary and Alternative Veterinary Medicine in Sport and Companion Animals : Soft Tissue Mobilization
- 2022
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Ingår i: Animals. - : MDPI. - 2076-2615. ; 12:11
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soft tissue mobilization is frequently used in the treatment of sport and companion animals. There is, however, uncertainty regarding the efficacy and effectiveness of these methods. Therefore, the aim of this systematic literature review was to assess the evidence for clinical effects of massage and stretching in cats, dogs, and horses. A bibliographic search, restricted to studies in cats, dogs, and horses, was performed on Web of Science Core Collection, CABI, and PubMed. Relevant articles were assessed for scientific quality, and information was extracted on study characteristics, species, type of treatment, indication, and treatment effects. Of 1189 unique publications screened, 11 were eligible for inclusion. The risk of bias was assessed as high in eight of the studies and moderate in three of the studies, two of the latter indicating a decreased heart rate after massage. There was considerable heterogeneity in reported treatment effects. Therefore, the scientific evidence is not strong enough to define the clinical efficacy and effectiveness of massage and stretching in sport and companion animals.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Björnström, Agnes, et al.
(författare)
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Sindbis virus neutralising antibodies detected in Swedish horses
- 2021
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Ingår i: One Health. - : Elsevier. - 2352-7714. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A number of viruses transmitted by mosquitoes are well known to cause disease in both humans and horses, ranging from mild fevers to mortal neurological disease. A recently discovered connection between the alphavirus Sindbis virus (SINV) and neurological disease in horses in South Africa initiated this serological study in northern Europe, where the same genotype of SINV (SINV-I) is also highly endemic. We tested 171 serum samples, originally obtained from horses for other reasons from April to October 2019, for presence of SINV neutralising antibodies using a plaque reduction neutralisation test (PRNT). The serum from six horses reduced the plaque count more than 80%, and two out of these reduced the plaque count more than 90%. These horses were sampled in six different regions of Sweden, and included individuals sampled from April to August. This study shows that horses in Sweden have become infected with SINV and developed neutralising antibodies. Potential connections between infection and development of disease are important questions for future studies.
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| 16. |
- Boström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic review of complementary and alternative veterinary medicine in sport and companion animals: extracorporeal shockwave therapy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Animals. - : MDPI. - 2076-2615. ; 12:22
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ECSWT) is increasingly used to treat different types of musculoskeletal conditions in sport and companion animals. To explore the scientific basis for the treatment, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on ECSWT used in horses, dogs, and cats. Methods: Relevant articles published in 1980–2020 were identified from three major databases. Each article was assessed for risk of bias. Results: The review identified 27 relevant articles on the effects of ECSWT in horses, nine in dogs, but none in cats. Typically, ECSWT involved one to three treatment sessions at 1- to 3-week intervals. We identified studies on bone mass and bone healing, wound healing, navicular disease, ligament injury, desmitis, sesamoiditis, tendon injury, osteoarthritis, and short-term analgesic effects. Common to all indications was that the scientific evidence was very limited. For each separate indication, there were relatively few studies, many of which had methodological flaws. Where favorable results were reported, they were usually not replicated in independent studies. A few encouraging results were found. Conclusions: In sport and companion animals, the scientific evidence for clinical effects of ECSWT in horses, dogs, and cats is limited. For some applications, notably short-term pain relief, ligament ailments, and osteoarthritis, the results seem promising and warrant further exploration in high-quality studies.
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| 17. |
- Boström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic review of complementary and alternative veterinary medicine in sport and companion animals: therapeutic ultrasound
- 2022
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Ingår i: Animals. - : MDPI. - 2076-2615. ; 12:22
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To explore the scientific evidence for therapeutic ultrasound (TU), we conducted a systematic review of the literature on TU in dogs, horses, donkeys, and cats. Methods: In three major databases, relevant articles published in 1980–2020 were identified. The risk of bias in each article was evaluated. Results: Twenty-four relevant articles on the effects of TU in dogs, nine in horses, two in donkeys, and one in cats were identified. TU usually involved 2–6 treatments weekly for up to 4 weeks. Articles on tendon, ligament, and bone healing, acute aseptic arthritis, osteoarthritis, paraparesis, hindquarter weakness, and back muscle pain were identified. In experimental bone lesions in dogs, there is moderate scientific evidence for enhanced healing. For the treatment of other musculoskeletal conditions, the scientific evidence is insufficient due to the high risk of bias. There is substantial evidence that continuous TU increases tissue temperature in muscles and tendons by up to 5 °C in healthy animals. For disorders in tendons, ligaments, muscles, and joints in sport and companion animals, there is insufficient evidence for the clinical effects of TU.
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| 18. |
- Hemberg, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial Profiling of Amniotic Fluid, Umbilical Blood and Placenta of the Foaling Mare
- 2023
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Ingår i: Animals. - : MDPI. - 2076-2615. ; 13:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simple Summary Although previously the placenta was assumed to be sterile, with microbes only being present in association with pathology, recent studies have suggested that this assumption may not be correct. Some researchers argue for the presence of a microbial community in the placenta, which is important to help the foal to adapt to life outside the uterus. Therefore, we examined the placenta, amniotic fluid and umbilical blood of 24 foaling mares, as well as jugular blood from the foals. All of the mares and foals were healthy, and foaling was normal. Some bacterial growth was isolated in most of the umbilical blood samples. Bacterial DNA was extracted and sequenced from placental samples. The most abundant phyla were Proteobacteria (approximately 44%) and Actinobacteria (approximately 28%). In conclusion, bacteria were found in the fetal compartments and placenta of healthy equine pregnancies, perhaps lending support to the theory that the placenta has its own bacterial community. The presence of a microbiome/microbiota in the placenta is hotly debated. In previous studies, the presence of bacteria in equine amniotic fluid and umbilical blood was independent of foal health. The objective of the present study was to determine if the same bacteria are present in the equine placenta as in amniotic fluid and umbilical blood. Samples were obtained from 24 parturient mares and foals. Placental bacterial DNA was extracted, and the microbiome was identified using 16S rRNA sequencing. All amniotic fluid samples contained some polymorphonucleocytes; bacteria were isolated from four samples. Aerobic or anaerobic growth was found in 18 and 3 umbilical blood samples, respectively. Serum amyloid A was <5 mg/L in all 24 samples, total WBC varied between 2900 and 10,700/& mu;L, and fibrinogen varied between 0 and 5.16 g/L. In jugular blood, serum amyloid A was <5 mg/L in all 24 foals, total white blood count was 3200 to 8100/& mu;L, and fibrinogen was 0.44 to 4.42 g/L. The diversity of bacterial microbiota was similar in all placental regions at the phylum level but differed at the genus level; the most abundant phyla were Proteobacteria (42-46.26%) and Actinobacteria (26.91-29.96%). In conclusion, bacteria were found in the fetal compartments and placenta of healthy equine pregnancies; however, we can neither prove nor disprove the hypothesis that the placenta has its own microbiome.
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| 19. |
- Huber, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Geographic Drivers of Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Pigs in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Veterinary Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2297-1769. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Thailand, pig production has increased considerably in the last decades to meet a growing demand for pork. Antimicrobials are used routinely in intensive pig production to treat infections and increase productivity. However, the use of antimicrobials also contributes to the rise of antimicrobial resistance with potential consequences for animal and human health. Here, we quantify the association between antimicrobial use and resistance rates in extensive and intensive farms with a focus on geographic proximity between farm and drugstores. Of the 164 enrolled farms, 79% reported using antimicrobials for disease prevention, treatment, or as a feed additive. Antimicrobial-resistant E. coli were present in 63% of farms. These drugs included critically important antimicrobials, such as quinolones and penicillins. Medium-scale farms with intensive animal production practices showed higher resistance rates than small-scale farms with extensive practices. Farms with drug-resistant Escherichia coli were located closer to drugstores and a had a higher proportion of disease than farms without drug-resistant E. coli. We found no association between the presence of resistance in humans and antimicrobial use in pigs. Our findings call for actions to improve herd health to reduce the need for antimicrobials and systematic training of veterinarians and drugstore owners on judicious use of antimicrobials in animals to mitigate resistance.
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| 20. |
- Lindahl, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Zoonotic pathogens in urban animals : Enough research to protect the health of the urban population?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Animal Health Research Reviews. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 1466-2523 .- 1475-2654. ; 21:1, s. 50-60
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- With more than half of the global population living in cities, the urban areas are also teeming with animals, including peridomestic wildlife, pets, and livestock. Urban animals may carry zoonotic pathogens, and crowded conditions in cities can increase the risk for the human population. We used a systematic approach to screen two publication databases as well as gray literature, and quantified the studies conducted on zoonoses in urban animals with respect to the geographic distribution, the host animal and pathogens. Out of 876 references found, 93 were included into final data extraction. Few studies were from the rapidly expanding cities in low- and middle-income countries where urban livestock-keeping is far more prominent than in high-income countries. Most studies were performed in peridomestic wildlife and pets, less in livestock. The most common category of pathogens studied were gastrointestinal parasites followed by gastrointestinal bacteria, whereas studies on some other zoonoses internationally recognized as critical for public health were few or absent. In conclusion, to mitigate the risks of emergence of zoonoses from urban animals this review highlights the research gaps on zoonoses, particularly in livestock in rapidly growing tropical cities and a more comprehensive inclusion of pathogens prioritized by WHO and OIE.
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| 21. |
- Nagy, Szabolcs, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of domestic animal sperm head morphology via flow cytometric DNA labelling and pulse shape analysis using bull and stallion spermatozoa as model species
- 2023
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Ingår i: Reproduction in domestic animals. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0936-6768 .- 1439-0531. ; 58:11, s. 1569-1575
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to test a rapid, robust flow cytometric technique for the detection of sperm head abnormalities of domestic bulls and stallions. The so-called PulSA approach detects the pulse profiles of propidium-iodide labelled spermatozoa. In the first experiment, species-specific threshold values were established on sperm samples that were tested for sperm head abnormalities with a classic visual morphology analysis. In the second experiment, serial mixtures of bull and stallion spermatozoa mimicking different percentages of sperm head abnormalities were analysed. Non-metric multidimensional scaling showed a clear separation between the normal and mixed samples. The PulSA approach may be a useful tool in identifying sub- or infertile breeding males as well as in studying the evolutionary aspects of sperm morphology and morphometry.
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| 22. |
- Nystrom, S., et al.
(författare)
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The expression of nerve growth factor in healthy and inflamed equine chondrocytes analysed by capillary western immunoassay
- 2022
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Ingår i: Research in Veterinary Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-5288 .- 1532-2661. ; 151, s. 156-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) is a signalling molecule for pain and inflammation. NGF is increased in synovial fluid from osteoarthritic humans and animals, compared to healthy controls. Monoclonal antibody therapy directed against NGF has been approved to treat pain in osteoarthritic dogs but despite many years of trialling, therapy has not been approved for human use. One reason for this is that adverse reactions with rapidly progressing osteoarthritis has occurred in some individuals. More detailed knowledge of NGF expression in joints is needed. In this study, capillary-based Simple Western was used to analyse NGF in cultured equine chondrocytes. Chondrocytes were collected post mortem from three macroscopically healthy intercarpal joints and three intercarpal joints with mild osteoarthritic changes. The chondrocytes were expanded to passage one and seeded in chondrogenic medium to maintain the phenotype. On day four, cells were either stimulated with LPS or kept untreated in medium. All cells were harvested on day five. Wes analysis of lysates did not show mature NGF but two proforms, 40 and 45 kDa, were identified. Results were confirmed with western blot. The same proforms were expressed in chondrocytes from healthy and osteoarthritic joints. Acute inflammation induced by LPS stimulation did not change the forms of expressed NGF. Capillary Simple Western offers a sensitive and sample -sparing alternative to traditional western blot. However, confirmation of peaks is imperative in order to avoid misinterpretation of findings. In addition, in this case the method did not offer the possibility of quantification advertised by the manufacturers.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Adepu, Saritha, et al.
(författare)
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Salivary biglycan-neo-epitope-BGN262: A novel surrogate biomarker for equine osteoarthritic sub-chondral bone sclerosis and to monitor the effect of short-term training and surface arena
- 2023
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Ingår i: Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open. - : Elsevier BV. - 2665-9131. ; 5:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: We aimed to delineate a novel soluble Biglycan Neo-epitope-BGN262 in saliva from young reference and osteoarthritic horses in conjunction with the influence of short-term training exercise, riding surface hardness, circadian rhythm, and feeding on its soluble levels. Design: A custom-made inhibition ELISA was used for the quantification of BGN262 in saliva. Cohort 1: A cross-sectional study comprising reference (N = 19) and OA horses (N = 9) with radiographically classified subchondral bone sclerosis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate the robustness of BGN262. Cohorts 2 (N = 5) & 3 (N = 7): Longitudinal studies of sampling during a short-term training exercise (sand-fibre) and a cross-over design of short-training exercise on 2 different riding arenas (sand and sand-fibre), respectively. Capillary western immunoassay was used to determine the BGN262 molecular size in a selection of saliva samples collected from cohort 1. Results: Cohort 1: Salivary BGN262 levels were significantly higher in the OA group. The Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.8304 [0.6386 to 1.022], indicating a good separation from the reference group. Cohorts 2 & 3: Salivary BGN262 levels significantly changed during the exercise on sand and sand-fibre arena, with a trend towards higher levels for sand-fibre. The size of the BGN262 fragment determined by Capillary western assay was 18 kDa. Conclusions: The data presented show saliva BGN262 levels as a novel biomarker in evaluating the influence of exercise, and interaction with riding arenas alongside assessing osteoarthritis severity.
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| 25. |
- Askar, Raad, et al.
(författare)
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Bioavailability of subcutaneous and intramuscular administrated buprenorphine in New Zealand White rabbits
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Veterinary Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1746-6148. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundBuprenorphine is one of the most used analgesics for postoperative pain in rabbits. The recommended dose in rabbits (0.01–0.05 mg/kg) is the same for intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC) administration, despite lack of pharmacokinetic data. Five male and five female New Zealand White rabbits (mean ± SD body weight 3.1 ± 0.3 kg) were administered 0.05 mg/kg buprenorphine by the IV, IM and SC routes and 0.1 mg/kg by the SC route, in a cross-over design with two-week wash-out periods between treatments. Blood was collected before, and up to 8 h post buprenorphine injection, for determination of serum levels by UPHLC-MS/MS.ResultsThe area under the time concentration curve (AUC0-t) was lower after SC (398 ± 155 ng/mL/min) than IM (696 ± 168 ng/mL/min, p < 0.001) and IV (789 ± 189 ng/mL/min, p < 0.001) administration. The maximum serum concentration was lower after SC (2.2 ± 1.4 ng/mL) than after IM (11 ± 3.2 ng/mL) administration (p < 0.001). The bioavailability was lower after SC (50 ± 19%) than after IM (95 ± 21%) administration (p = 0.006). The elimination half-life was longer after SC (260 ± 120 min) than after IM (148 ± 26 min, p = 0.002) as well as IV (139 ± 33 min) injection (p < 0.001). An increase in the SC dose from 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg resulted in an increase in the area under the time concentration curve of 50% in female (p = 0.022) and 165% in male rabbits (p < 0.001). The bioavailability did not change in the females (36 ± 14%, p = 0.6), whereas it increased in the males (71 ± 23%, p = 0.008).ConclusionsThe lower bioavailability of 0.05 mg/kg buprenorphine after SC administration could explain the lack of efficacy seen in clinical pain studies in rabbits, using this route. For immediate pain relief, IV or IM administration is therefore be recommended, whereas SC administration may be useful to sustain analgesic serum levels, once efficient pain relief has been achieved. The current data do not support an increase in dose to compensate for the lower SC bioavailability.
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