| 1. |
- Wennergren, Göran, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Luftrörsbesvär hos äldre barn
- 1991
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Ingår i: Hyperreaktivitet i hud och luftvägar. - Mölndal : Glaxo AB, Sektionen för Astma/Allergi.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Lindgren, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Electrocardiographic changes in stroke patients without primary heart disease
- 1994
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology. - 1365-2281. ; 14:2, s. 223-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consecutive electrocardiograms were recorded in 28 stroke patients without signs of primary heart disease. Individuals with subarachnoidal haemorrhage, or electrolyte disturbances were excluded. A computerized tomography of the brain was performed in each case and showed a cerebral haemorrhage (n = 4), cortical infarction (n = 6), subcortical infarction (n = 14) and normal finding (n = 4). One patient developed atrial fibrillation but no other case of serious disturbances in rate of rhythm occurred. None developed AV block, bundle branch blocks or significant changes in QRS complexes. The most common abnormalities in ECG were transient STT changes in lateral leads, which were seen in 13 cases. The typical findings were flat or slightly negative T waves, horizontal or down-sloping ST segments and sometimes a small ST depression. In no case did ECG show typical signs of acute myocardial infarction. A transient prolonged QT interval was seen in three patients and transient U waves in four. ECG did not correlate to the location of the vascular lesion seen on CT or the clinical outcome. It is concluded that STT changes of a small magnitude are seen in about half of the cases of stroke patients without primary heart disease and that they do not resemble the typical pattern of acute myocardial ischaemia.
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| 3. |
- Hedlin, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Astma
- 1992
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Ingår i: Allergi och astma hos barn. - Lund : Draco Läkemedel AB. - 9186058320
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Kristjánsson, Sigurdur, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Eosinophil cationic protein, myeloperoxidase and tryptase in children with asthma and atopic dermatitis.
- 1994
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Ingår i: Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - 0905-6157. ; 5:4, s. 223-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tryptase, total IgE and differential blood cell counts were studied in atopic children with: 1) moderate to severe asthma using inhaled steroids and symptom-free for the last 3 weeks (n = 13), 2) mild asthma with sporadic symptoms, using only inhaled beta 2-agonists < 3 times/week (n = 15), 3) acute asthmatic attacks admitted to hospital (n = 12), 4) mild to moderate atopic dermatitis (n = 14). Fifteen children without any history of atopy served as controls. ECP, MPO, tryptase and IgE were measured in serum by radioimmunoassays (RIA). The symptom-free children with inhaled steroids had similar median ECP and MPO values as the controls, 8.0 and 360 micrograms/l, vs. 9.0 and 310 micrograms/l, while both ECP and MPO were significantly (p < 0.001) increased in the symptom-free children without anti-inflammatory treatment, 32 and 887 micrograms/l and in those with acute asthma, 28 and 860 micrograms/l. The children with atopic dermatitis had increased ECP but normal MPO levels, 16.0 and 455 micrograms/l. Tryptase in serum was not measurable in any patient. All groups except the control group had significantly elevated total IgE levels. The results indicate that in atopic children serum ECP is a good marker of ongoing asthma or atopic dermatitis. The normal levels of ECP and MPO in the children with asthma using inhaled steroids seem to reflect successful anti-inflammatory treatment. The increased levels of ECP and MPO in the children with mild asthma and no anti-inflammatory treatment may indirectly reflect airway inflammation.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Wennergren, Göran, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Luftrörsbesvär hos små barn
- 1991
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Ingår i: Hyperreaktivitet i hud och luftvägar. - Mölndal : Glaxo AB, Sektionen för Astma/Allergi.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Schwab, U E, et al.
(författare)
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Increased adherence of Staphylococcus aureus from cystic fibrosis lungs to airway epithelial cells.
- 1993
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Ingår i: The American review of respiratory disease. - 0003-0805. ; 148:2, s. 365-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Airway colonization by Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent feature of cystic fibrosis (CF). To assess the pathogenesis of selective colonization with this organism, we compared the capacity of S. aureus isolated from the respiratory tract of CF and non-CF patients to adhere to epithelial cells from the upper and lower airways of CF and control subjects. Bacterial adherence to bronchial epithelial cell lines was significantly greater for CF than for non-CF isolates (p < 0.001). Of 17 CF S. aureus isolates 12 adhered at a level > 1 bacterium per cell; this was true for only 1 of 14 non-CF isolates. CF S. aureus isolates also bound more avidly than non-CF isolates to ciliated (p < 0.05) and squamous nasal cells (p < 0.02) and buccal epithelial cells (p < 0.005) freshly harvested by scraping. Each S. aureus isolate bound with equal avidity to epithelial cells from CF patients and healthy individuals. Adherence was not related to sex, age, severity of pulmonary disease, presence of other microorganisms in the airways, or genotype of the CF hosts. Binding of S. aureus was blocked by proteinase treatment of organisms, suggesting that adherence is mediated by one or more peptide adhesins. We propose that the high prevalence of adherent S. aureus is due either to selection of adherent strains by CF airways or to induction of an adherent phenotype by factors residing at the CF airways surface.
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| 10. |
- Davidsson, Åke, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Allergen-induced changes of B-cell phenotypes in patients with allergic rhinitis
- 1994
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Ingår i: Rhinology. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : International Rhinologic Society. - 0300-0729 .- 1996-8604. ; 32:4, s. 184-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated sub-populations of B-lymphocytes in nasal mucosa and peripheral blood of 17 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (birch pollen) and 10 controls. The study included provocation with allergen during the non-pollen season, during which no participant used medication. Samples were also taken during the pollen season. Subsets of B-cells as expressed by different CD antigens were investigated by immunohistochemistry on frozen sections and by flow cytometry of peripheral blood. Nasal CD23+ B-cells decreased in allergic patients during provocation, indicating that mature virgin CD23+ B-cells switch into a memory B-cell phenotype with loss of CD23 expression. This indicates differentiation towards cells that can represent a local source for IgE synthesis. No decrease was observed during the pollen season when the patients used medication. Serum IgE was significantly higher in allergic patients on all occasions. The observed up-regulation of CD40 expression on peripheral blood B-cells in allergic patients during the pollen season clearly indicate B-cell activation. Furthermore, a relative increase of CD19+ B-cells was observed in peripheral blood during provocation. Upregulation (by IL-4) of CD40 on B-cells which then may be stimulated by gp39 (CD40 ligand) can constitute an early and important event in the IgE-mediated allergic reaction.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Hellquist, H. B., et al.
(författare)
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Activated T cells in the nasal mucosa of patients with grass-pollen allergy. A pilot study
- 1992
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Ingår i: Rhinology. - Amsterdam, Netherlands : International Rhinologic Society. - 0300-0729 .- 1996-8604. ; 30:1, s. 57-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six patients with grass-pollen allergy were provoked with water-soluble grass pollen until a pronounced allergic reaction occurred. This was performed outside the grass-pollen season, and the allergen was administered on the edge of the inferior turbinate. Biopsies were taken both before provocation and during the reaction, 15-30 minutes after provocation. The nasal population of immunohistochemically positive cells for HLA-DR, CD1, interleukin-2-receptor, IgE, CD4 and CD8 were studied. There was a marked increase of IL2-R-positive cells (activated T lymphocytes) in the nasal mucosa after provocation, whilst the other cell populations approximately remained unchanged (apart from a certain increase of IgE). The increase of activated T lymphocytes may imply that certain subsets of T cells play a role in the allergic response, and that the role of helper T cells very likely is much more complex than the regulation of mast cells and eosinophils. The concomitant presence of Langerhans' cells (CD1-positive) and activated T lymphocytes may indicate a possible association on site between an antigen-presenting cell and both effector as well as memory cells in allergic reactions.
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| 13. |
- Hellquist, H. B., et al.
(författare)
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Nasal memory T lymphocytes capable of producing IL-4 in the allergic reaction
- 1992
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - West Sussex, United Kingdom : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 47:4 Pt 1, s. 334-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports the presence of memory T cells in the nasal mucosa of allergic patients. The demonstration of CD4+/CD29+ (CD4+/CD45RO+) T lymphocytes, which are capable of interleukin-4 production, can indicate a complementary cell-mediated regulatory mechanism for mast cell proliferation and IgE synthesis in human nasal allergy. No substantial IgE production can be obtained in the absence of IL-4. Therefore, the existence of IL-4 producing cells on site in the nasal mucosa of allergic subjects probably implies a complementary interaction between cytokines and different immunocompetent nasal cells in the regulation of B cells and IgE synthesis.
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| 14. |
- Karlsson, Mats G., 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Increase in CD4+ and CD45RO+ memory T cells in the nasal mucosa of allergic patients
- 1994
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Ingår i: Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica (APMIS). - Hoboken, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0903-4641 .- 1600-0463. ; 102:10, s. 753-758
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By means of immunocytochemistry we have investigated subsets of T lymphocytes in frozen sections of nasal mucosa from patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and healthy control persons. All participants were subjected to time-course provocation during the non-pollen season, and samples were taken during provocation as well as during the natural pollen season. Computerized image analysis was applied for evaluation of the immunostained lymphocytes. CD45RO+ memory T cells outnumbered the remaining leukocyte populations in the mucosa of both allergic patients and controls on all occasions. During the repeat provocation there was no difference in numerical values, with respect to any of the five leukocyte subpopulations studied (CD4, CD8, CD25, CD45RA and CD45RO), between patients and controls. However, during continuous exposure in the pollen season a significant increase in CD4+ cells was observed in allergic patients compared to before provocation (p < 0.05). No changes were observed with respect to CD8+ and CD25+ cells. Similarly, an increase in CD45RO+ memory was found in allergic patients during the pollen season compared to the non-pollen season (p < 0.02). This latter finding was, however, only evident in the patients who did not use nasal corticosteroids. Hence the present investigation has demonstrated an allergen-induced increase in CD4+ and CD45RO+ memory T cells in the mucosa of allergic patients during the pollen season. These events may constitute a cellular basis for local continuous production of certain cytokines, particularly interleukin-4, which is essential for IgE synthesis.
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| 15. |
- Karlsson, Mats G., 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Phenotype switch and activation of T lymphocytes in patients with allergic rhinitis
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. - Basel, Switzerland : S. Karger. - 0301-1569 .- 1423-0275. ; 56:3, s. 166-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The peripheral blood of 17 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (birch pollen) and of 10 healthy subjects were analysed before and during a provocation study in the non-pollen season as well as during the pollen season. Analytical flow cytometry comprised a panel of monoclonal antibodies investigating helper/suppressor T cells, activated T cells, and naive/memory T helper cells. Allergic patients showed no increase in the amount of T lymphocytes but an increased proportion of CD4+ helper T cells early during pronounced exposure (provocation) but not during natural antigen exposure (pollen season). Allergic patients showed a significant increase in activated T cells during the non-pollen season compared with healthy subjects, and furthermore, the nasal allergen provocation induced an additional increase in activated T cells among allergics. The T cell activation mainly affected helper T cells (85%) rather than suppressor T cells. Furthermore, allergic patients showed a significant increase in naive T helper cells during the pollen season. The presence of a double-positive subpopulation indicates an activated T helper subpopulation that switches its phenotype from naive (CD45RA) to memory (CD29). The results indicate at least two important differences between patients with allergic rhinitis and healthy controls. In allergic patients T helper cells become activated upon allergen exposure, and circulate in the blood and switch their phenotype. These T cells have a potential homing tendency to the nasal mucosa. These two events do not occur in non-allergic individuals and may thus constitute new insights into the basic mechanisms of allergic rhinitis.
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| 16. |
- Nilsson, Kenneth, 1948-
(författare)
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Radiation induced pneumonitis : clinical and experimental studies with special emphasis on the effect of smoking
- 1992
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is an established method providing diagnostic support and evaluation of disease activity in interstitial lung disease (ILD). The aims of the present investigation were 1) to study the inflammatory response in pneumonitis evoked by irradiation. 2) to evaluate how well lung tissue inflammation is reflected in BAL findings. 3) to study the effect of smoking on radiation-induced pneumonitis.BAL was performed in 21 patients (11 smokers, 10 non-smokers) who were treated for breast cancer, stage 1 (TjMaNq) by post-surgery irradiation to an accumulated target dose of 56 Gy. It was founa that irradiation induced an alveolitis in the non-smoking patient group while the smoking patients did not differ from their smoking controls. The alveolitis in non-smokers was characterized by an increase in lymphocytes, mast cells and elevated concentrations of hyaluronan (HA), and fibronectin (FN). Three of the non-smoking patients had chest X-ray infiltrates indicating the presence of pneumonitis.An animal experimental model for radiation-induced pneumonitis and fibrosis was established in rats, allowing comparative analysis of BAL fluid and morphology. In the rat model a divergence was noted between the differential cell counts in BAL and cells observed in the interstitial tissue, which was most notable for neutrophils (PMN) and mast cells whereas there was a good correlation between HA content in BAL and HA deposition in the lung tissue. A marked infiltration of intraseptally-located mast cells occurred during the pneumonitis-phase, and this increase was paralleled by a deposition of HA in the interstitial tissue. Histochemical fixation and staining properties of the mast cells revealed that the majority of these cells were of connective tissue mast cell type (CTMC). Compound 48/80, a mast cell secretagogue, significantly altered the HA content both in BAL and in lung tissue in the irradiated animals. Regular treatment throughout the whole experimental period induced depletion of mast cell granules and a decrease in HA deposition whereas 48/80 treatment during the pneumonitis phase enhanced HA deposition.A rat model with smoke exposure was developed, and the effect of cigarette smoke on radiation-induced inflammation was studied. Rats that smoked 3 weeks prior to irradiation and continued to smoke throughout the observation period (7 weeks) had a significantly reduced inflammatory response compared to irradiated non-smoking rats. The most prominent BAL findings in the smoke-exposed rats were a decrease in PMN, mast cells and a decrease in HA.In conclusion, irradiation induces an alveolitis characterized mainly by mononuclear cells. Mast cells seem to be of importance in the remodelling of the connective tissue in the radiation-induced inflammatory response. Hyaluronan is an important component in the early connective tissue response preceding later collagen deposition, and its interstitial deposition is very well reflected in BAL. Moreover, tobacco-smoke suppresses the radiation-induced inflammation with a decreased recruitment of effector cells including mast cells.
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| 17. |
- Riise, Gerdt C., 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating cell adhesion molecules in bronchial lavage and serum in COPD patients with chronic bronchitis
- 1994
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Ingår i: Eur Respir J. - 0903-1936. ; 7:9, s. 1673-1677
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The initial phase of inflammation in bronchial asthma appears to be triggered by the expression of leucocyte-endothelial adhesion molecules on endothelial cell surfaces. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) cause adhesion of leucocytes to the endothelium prior to their subsequent extravasation into inflamed tissue. We wanted to determine whether circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (cICAM-1) and circulating E-selectin (cE-selectin) could be detected in bronchial lavage fluid and serum in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic bronchitis. Bronchoscopy and small volume bronchial lavage was performed in 19 patients with COPD and chronic bronchitis and in 13 control subjects. We found increased mean levels of cICAM-1 both in serum (481 micrograms.l-1) and in bronchial lavage (24 micrograms.l-1) in the COPD patients as compared to the controls (321 micrograms.l-1 in serum, 15 micrograms.l-1 in lavage). We also found higher mean levels of cE-selectin in serum from the COPD patients (86 micrograms.l-1) compared to controls (50 micrograms.l-1). The serum levels of cE-selectin correlated significantly with lung function measured as forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in percentage of predicted. Patients with significant intrabronchial bacterial colonization had increased levels of serum cE-selectin. Our results indicate that cCAMs may reflect an upregulation of CAMs on endothelial and epithelial airway cells in COPD.
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| 18. |
- Uddman, Rolf, et al.
(författare)
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Neuropeptide-containing nerve fibers in the pharynx of the rabbit
- 1990
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Ingår i: Dysphagia. - 1432-0460. ; 4:4, s. 220-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The distribution of peptide-containing nerve fibers in the pharyngeal region of rabbits was studied by immunocytochemistry. Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing fibers were numerous around blood vessels and moderate in number among bundles of striated muscle fibers. A few NPY-containing fibers were seen around seromucous glands and beneath the epithelium. Nerve fibers containing vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were numerous around seromucous glands and moderate in number around blood vessels, bundles of muscle, and in the subepithelial layer. A few nerve fibers containing substance P (SP) were seen around blood vessels, seromucous glands, among bundles of muscle, and in the subepithelial layer. Nerve fibers containing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were numerous. They were distributed close to blood vessels, among bundles of muscle, in the subepithelial layer, and within the epithelium. A conspicuous finding was the occurrence of CGRP within motor end plates of striated muscle.
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| 19. |
- Bjermer, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Bronchoalveolar lavage fibronectin in patients with sarcoidosis: correlation to hyaluronan and disease activity
- 1991
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - 1399-3003. ; 4:8, s. 965-971
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in 51 patients with sarcoidosis and in 21 healthy nonsmokers. The concentration of fibronectin was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in lavage fluid from sarcoid patients (median 267 micrograms.l-1) than in that of controls (46 micrograms.l-1). Furthermore, a significantly higher concentration of fibronectin was found in patients with active disease than in those in whom the disease was inactive (p less than 0.001). In a six month follow-up perspective, patients with a progressive disease course had significantly higher levels of fibronectin than those who had a stable or regressive disorder (p less than 0.01). Correspondingly, lavage hyaluronan was higher (p less than 0.001) in sarcoid patients (55 micrograms.l-1) than in controls (9 micrograms.l-1) and higher (p less than 0.01) in those with active than in those with inactive disease. Patients with progressive disease had higher (p less than 0.01) concentrations of hyaluronan than those in whom the disease was stable. A significant correlation was found between lavage fibronectin levels and hyaluronan (r = 0.81, p less than 0.001). The percentage of mast cells was also higher in patients with active than in those with inactive disease (p less than 0.01) and higher in progressive than in stable sarcoidosis (p less than 0.001). Ten out of 10 patients with progressive disease had mast cells greater than or equal to 0.5%, hyaluronan greater than or equal to 50 micrograms.l-1 and fibronectin greater than or equal to 350 micrograms.l-1 compared to eight out of 41 patients with stable or regressive disease.
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| 20. |
- Bjermer, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental granulomatous alveolitis in rat. Effect of antigen manipulation, smoke exposure and route of administration
- 1994
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Ingår i: Sarcoidosis. - 0393-1447. ; 11:1, s. 52-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When Sephadex beads (0.45mg/kg b.w) are instilled intratracheally into rats, a granulomatous alveolitis with giant cell formation and fibrosis occurs. Moreover, the events in the alveolar region are paralleled by an eosinophil-dominated peribronchitis/bronchiolitis and perivasculitis. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) shows a very distinct feature with an early pronounced neutrophil increase, followed by an increase of eosinophils and lymphocytes. BAL findings returned to normal after 1-2 weeks, but tissue morphology showed persistent inflammation with large numbers of eosinophils and to a lesser degree mononuclear cells, peribronchially and perivascularly several weeks after the instillation. Fragmentation of the Sephadex beads by ultrasonication dramatically diminished the response, giving a transient neutrophil alveolitis, without eosinophils and with no granuloma formation. On the other hand, when the Sephadex dose was divided into three, given 10 days apart, a more pronounced fibrosing activity occurred, with mast cells appearing in the collagen rich granulomas. Finally, smoke exposure had a significant suppressive effect upon the response. The numbers of cells in the interstitium as well as in the peribronchial and perivascular tissue were markedly decreased in the smoke exposed group compared to the controls. This decrease was mainly due to decreased numbers of mononuclear cells, while the numbers of eosinophils remained unchanged.
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| 21. |
- Bjermer, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Radiation-induced increase in hyaluronan and fibronectin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from breast cancer patients is suppressed by smoking
- 1992
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - 1399-3003. ; 5:7, s. 785-790
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was analysed from 21 patients with breast cancer, stage T1N0M0, who had undergone tumour resection and post-operative local irradiation (accumulated dose 56 Gy). The lavage was performed two months after radiotherapy, in the anterior part of the lingula (left side) or of the right middle lobe (right side), depending on which side had been exposed to radiation. The patients had significantly increased concentrations of fibronectin (FN) (p less than 0.001), hyaluronan (HA) (p less than 0.01) and albumin (p less than 0.05) in BAL fluid compared with the healthy controls (n = 19). However, when the patients were separated, according to smoking history, it was obvious that the inflammatory reaction occurred entirely in the nonsmoking patient group (n = 10), whilst no difference could be found between the smoking patients (n = 11) and the controls. In the nonsmoking patient group, there was a sevenfold increase in BAL concentrations of FN and a threefold increase in HA. Moreover, four patients had detectable levels of procollagen III peptide in BAL, all were nonsmokers. The smoking habits of the controls had no influence on the BAL measurements. These findings indicate that smoking interferes with the radiation-induced early inflammatory connective tissue reaction of the lung. Finally, the results justify further investigation of interaction of smoking with cancer treatment, both from the view of therapy effectiveness and reduction of adverse effects.
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| 22. |
- Bjermer, Leif, et al.
(författare)
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Tobacco smoke exposure suppresses radiation-induced inflammation in the lung: a study of bronchoalveolar lavage and ultrastructural morphology in the rat
- 1993
-
Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - 1399-3003. ; 6:8, s. 1173-1180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies on patients with breast cancer, who received postsurgical irradiation, displayed a markedly suppressed inflammatory response in the lung of smoking patients compared to nonsmokers. The aim of the present study was to investigate further the effect of exposure to tobacco smoke on the development of irradiation-induced pneumonitis in the rat. Four groups of animals were used: controls (C); those exposed to tobacco smoke (S); those irradiated but not exposed to smoke (RNS); and those irradiated and exposed to tobacco smoke (RS). The rats were exposed to a diluted main stream of cigarette smoke, at a concentration of about 0.4 mg.l-1, in a nose-only exposure system for 1 h.day-1, 5 days.week-1 for 10 weeks. Exposure to tobacco smoke started 3 weeks before irradiation. The basal one third of both lungs was exposed to a single radiation dose of 28 Gy (6 MeV photons). All animals were killed 7 weeks after irradiation. We compared findings in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and tissue morphology. The alveolar tissue showed less inflammation in the RS-group than in the RNS-group. Most strikingly, mast cells were increased one hundredfold in the lung interstitium and thirty fold in the peribronchial area in the RNS-group, whereas no increase was found in the RS-group or in the controls. The alveolar septa of the RNS-group were thickened, with occurrence of inflammatory cells and mast cells, whereas the RS-group displayed no difference as compared to the non-irradiated, nonsmoking group (C).
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| 23. |
- Egesten, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Arylsulfatase B is present in crystalloid-containing granules of human eosinophil granulocytes
- 1994
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Ingår i: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. - 1423-0097. ; 104:2, s. 207-210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eosinophil granulocytes are characterized by large crystalloid-containing granules whose major contents of highly cationic proteins may play a role in allergic reactions and parasitic infections. Human eosinophils are also rich in arylsulfatase B whose enzymatic activity is localized to a population of small type cytoplasmic granules and used as a marker for such organelles. We utilized immunoelectron microscopy to investigate its subcellular distribution in human eosinophils. The arylsulfatase B antigen was found to be concentrated to both the crystalloid core and the matrix of crystalloid-containing granules as well as in small type granules. Therefore arylsulfatase seems to be present primarily in crystalloid-containing granules in a possibly inactive form (but detected by antibodies) that is converted to an enzymatically active form, e.g. during secretion and formation of small type granules which may derive from the former granules.
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| 24. |
- Ekdahl, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Bronchoscopic diagnosis of pulmonary infections in a heterogeneous, nonselected group of patients
- 1993
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Ingår i: Chest. - 1931-3543. ; 103:6, s. 1743-1748
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and protected specimen brush technique has become an established method for etiologic diagnosis in severe forms of pulmonary infections during recent years. In this study, including 62 bronchoscopies in 53 patients, a standardized program, covering all important pulmonary pathogens, has been evaluated in a heterogeneous group of patients. Results providing therapeutic guidelines were obtained in 53 percent (16/30) of the immunocompromised patients (including 5 bronchoscopies on HIV-positive patients), but only 19 percent (6/32) of the immunocompetent patients (p < 0.001). We conclude that bronchoscopy is of great value for diagnosing pulmonary infections in immunocompromised patients. In immunocompetent patients, the diagnostic yield is lower and the indication for bronchoscopy must be established for each individual patient based on clinical importance, resources, and risk. When bronchoscopy is performed, we believe that a standardized program like ours reduces the risk of missing important pathogens.
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| 25. |
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