1.
Olsson, Ulf
(författare)
OM FRISKVÅRDSPEDAGOGIK I ARBETSLIVET. : EN O/RÄTTVIS BETRAKTELSE.
1993
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
I fokus för detta arbete står friskvård inom arbetslivet som pedagogisk praktik med hälsoprofilsbedömning, en metod för undersökning och påverkan av människors hälsostatus och hälsovanor, som konkret exempel. En bakgrund till detta är framväxten av insatser för folkhälsa och den ökade betoning av friskvård inom arbetslivet som skett inom såväl privat som offentlig sektor. Friskvård handlar om människors levnadsvanor när det gäller kost, motion, stress, alkohol, tobak m.m.Hälsoprofilsbedömning och friskvårdspedagogik inom arbetslivet ses här ur två olika perspektiv. Ur det ena perspektivet behandlas verksamheten på dess egna villkor - som en metod att inom ramen för arbetslivet få till stånd ner hälsosamma livsstilar genom kontrakt mellan självständiga parter. Det andra perspektivet kan ses som kritiskt granskande. Här ifrågasätts premissema för hälsoprofilsbedömningen utifrån begrepp som makt och disciplinering. En inspirationskälla har därvid bland annat Michel Foucaults arbeten varit. Som empiriskt material för analysen används två avhandlingar som presenterar hälsoprofilbedömningen som metod.Ur dessa båda perspektiv erhålles två olika betraktelser om hälsoprofilsbedömning och friskvårdspedagogik inom arbetslivet - en rättvis och en orättvis. På basis av en kritisk pragmatisk ansats diskuteras möjligheten till ett samtal baserad på relationen mellan de båda betrakelserna.
2.
Andersson, H. Ingemar, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
Chronic pain in a geographically defined general population : studies of differences in age, gender, social class, and pain localization.
1993
Ingår i: The Clinical Journal of Pain. - 0749-8047 .- 1536-5409. ; 9:3, s. 174-182
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
OBJECTIVE: To establish basic epidemiological data on chronic pain (duration > 3 months) in a defined population. Relationships between age, gender, and social class were tested. DESIGN: A survey of pain symptoms, including location, intensity, duration, and functional capacity, was conducted by means of a mail questionnaire. SETTING: General populations in two Swedish primary health care districts. Medical care was provided in a state health system. SUBJECTS: A random sample (from the population register) of 15% of the population aged 25-74 (n = 1,806). The response rate was 90%. OUTCOME MEASURES: Descriptive epidemiologic data in relation to objectives of the study. RESULTS: Without sex differences, 55% (95% confidence interval, 53-58%) of the population had perceived persistent pain for 3 months and 49% for 6 months. Among individuals with chronic pain, 90% localized their pain to the musculoskeletal system to a variable extent. Women experienced more multiple localizations of pain and had pain in the neck, shoulder, arm, and thigh to a greater extent than men. Prevalence of pain increased by age up to 50-59 years for both genders and then slowly decreased. The neck-shoulder area was the most common site of pain (30.2%), followed by the lower back (23.2%). Even in the youngest age groups more than one of four reported chronic pain. Blue-collar workers and employers (including farmers) reported chronic pain to a greater extent than other groups. In 13% of the population, manifest pain problems were associated with reduced functional capacity. CONCLUSION: Chronic pain symptoms are common but unevenly distributed in a general population. The results may influence planning and consultation in primary health care as well as warranting selective prevention activities.
3.
Andersson, H. Ingemar, 1950-
(författare)
The epidemiology of chronic pain in a Swedish rural area.
1994
Ingår i: Quality of Life Research, 1994 3(Suppl. 1). ; , s. S19-S26
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat) abstract
In order to establish basic epidemiological data on chronic pain (duration > 3 months) in a rural population, a survey of pain symptoms was conducted by means of a postal questionnaire. The questionnaire was sent to a random sample (from the population register) of 15% of the population aged 25-74 (n = 1806) in two Swedish primary health care districts. The response rate was 90%. In a follow-up study individuals selected among the responders (neck-shoulder pain, widespread pain and controls without pain; n = 213) were examined and interviewed. They were requestioned about pain symptoms 24 months after the initial survey. Without sex differences 55% of the population had perceived persistent pain for 3 months and 49% for 6 months. Women experienced more multiple localizations of pain and had pain in neck, shoulder, arm and thigh to a greater extent than men. Prevalence of pain increased by age up to 50-59 years for both genders and then slowly decreased. The neck-shoulder area was the most common site of pain (women 32.9%, men 27.5%). Blue-collar workers and employers (including farmers) reported chronic pain to a greater extent than other groups. In 13% of the population, manifest pain problems were associated with reduced functional capacity. Examination of selected pain groups indicated a high proportion of unspecific musculoskeletal symptoms. Diagnosis with definite definitions, explaining the pains, were found in 40% of the individuals. Individuals with widespread pain had a higher pain intensity, more somatic symptoms, were more depressive and had the lowest scores for quality of life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
4.
Ahlborg, Gunnar, 1948, et al.
(författare)
Tobacco smoke exposure and pregnancy outcome among working women. A prospective study at prenatal care centers in Orebro County, Sweden
1991
Ingår i: Am J Epidemiol. - 0002-9262. ; 133:4, s. 338-47
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Among 4,687 women undergoing prenatal care in Orebro County, Sweden, from October 1980 to June 1983, 678 nonsmokers reported passive exposure to tobacco smoke. Of these women, 267 had been passively exposed at work, and the risk ratio (RR) for intrauterine death (spontaneous abortion or stillbirth) among these pregnancies was increased to 1.53 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98-2.38) compared with pregnancies of unexposed working women. This could not be explained by age, previous spontaneous abortion, educational level, planning of pregnancy, or alcohol use. The effect was confined to first-trimester fetal loss (adjusted RR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.23-3.81), while active smoking was associated with intrauterine death after the first trimester. Passive exposure in the workplace was weakly associated with preterm birth (less than 37 weeks) but not with low birth weight (less than 2,500 g) among full-term livebirths. Active smoking clearly increased the risk of both of these outcomes. However, passive exposure in the home only did not seem to affect pregnancy outcome. The lack of quantitative exposure data points to the need for more research before passive exposure to tobacco smoke can be regarded as an established hazard to fetal development and survival.
5.
Ahlborg, Gunnar, 1948
(författare)
Working environment and pregnancy
1991
Ingår i: Jordemodern. - 0021-7468. ; 104:11, s. 406-7
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
6.
Edling, C., et al.
(författare)
Long-term follow up of workers exposed to solvents
1990
Ingår i: British journal of industrial medicine. - 0007-1072. ; 47:2, s. 75-82
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Long term occupational exposure to organic solvents may cause adverse effects to the central nervous system. This collaborative study between six Swedish departments of occupational medicine examines the overall prognosis in terms of working capacity, symptoms, and psychometric test performance for individuals occupationally exposed to organic solvents. After re-analyses of the data from an initial clinical investigation of 111 men, the subjects were divided into two subgroups: one group of 65 with symptoms but no impairment on the tests and one group of 46 with toxic encephalopathy (symptoms and test impairment). At least five years after the initial examination the subjects were asked to attend a re-examination that included a structured medical interview and a psychometric investigation. The results indicate that effects on the central nervous system persist even when exposure has ceased. In the group of 46 more men had stopped working and were receiving sickness or early retirement pensions. This group also had reduced activity levels with regard to everyday life, leisure activities, and education or training and more neuropsychiatric symptoms. There was no support for the view that a solvent induced toxic encephalopathy is a progressive disease comparable with presenile dementia such as Alzheimer's disease or Pick's disease. If a worker was removed from exposure when he presented symptoms without signs of impairment in intellectual function recovery was seen in most cases.
7.
8.
Follér, Maj-Lis, 1946
(författare)
A new approach to community health
1989
Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - 0277-9536. ; 28:8, s. 811-818
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
This article deals with the local health care among the Shipibo-Conibo in eastern Peru. A project called AMETRA—application of traditional medicine—is functioning in the area. The aim of AMETRA is to give courses and stimulate co-operation between traditional medical practice and Western medicine. The solutions to the health problems are seen in direct relation to the socio-economic structure and to the environmental prerequisites. The aim and purposes of AMETRA are described and analysed. It is proposed that the two medical systems should co-operate in such a manner that their complementary nature is emphasized and fully utilized.
9.
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11.
Follér, Maj-Lis, 1946
(författare)
Health, healing and illness among the Maya population in Yucatán, Mexico
1993
Ingår i: John Hultberg (ed.), New Genres in Science Studies: Papers from the 1992 Society for social Studies of Science/European Association for the Study of Science and Technology Conference. - Göteborg : University of Gothenburg. ; , s. 39-53
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
12.
Follér, Maj-Lis, 1946
(författare)
Social determinants of health and disease: the role of small-scale projects illustrated by the Koster health project in Sweden and Ametra in Peru
1992
Ingår i: Cadernos de Saúde Pública (Reports in public health). - 0102-311X. ; 8:3, s. 229-239
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Two different health projects are evaluated in this paper. The Koster Health project taking place at the Koster Islands in Sweden and the Ametra project going on among the Shipibo-Conibo in Peru. Both projects focus more on the determinants of health than on sickness and more on the individual's subjective feeling of illness than on the biomedically "objectively" recognizable disease. "Mobilization" and "responsibility"for the individual's own health are central concepts in both projects. In the theoretical part of the paper a human ecological perspective is suggested to analyse the interaction between human health and environmental changes. The author emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary research when evaluating how the external determinants from the natural and social environment affect human beings and health. The human ecological approach is seen as a complement to the biomedical research. Health and disease are two poles in a continuum. In a pluralistic society we should struggle towards the pole of health.
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15.
Westerberg, Ingvar, 1942-
(författare)
Produktion, produktivitet och kostnader i svensk tandvård
1987
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
The thesis contains projects at a national as well as a clinical level.On a national level a study is made of productivity in adult dental care in both its private and its public·sectors. By using the calculated productivity for the years 1975-1984 a variety of factors are tested for the ability to explain firstly the development of productivity in private dental care and in public dental care respectively, and secondly the differences in productivity between the two sectors.The productivity measures used are the number of patients treated per dentist hour and the dentist fee per dentist hour. The results show in the case of the first mentioned productivity measure a somewhat higher value for public dental care for all of the years studied. For the productivity measures, dentist's fee per dentist hour, private dental care shows a 20-30 percent higher productivity.Differences in the age structure of the patients and different treatment panoramas can explain a great many of the differences in productivity. However the question is why the treatment panoramas of the two sectors are so different, a difference that can scarcely be explained by differences in the patient population. There are grounds, therefore, for believing that the differences can be explained on the basis of differences in the activity goals of the two sectors.As a complement to the productivity studies outlined above the costs of treating a patient have also been compared. The results show considerably higher costs in public dental care, though the difference has been greatly reduced during the 80s due largely to a lower rate of increase in the overheads of dentists in the public sector over the last few years.The second study comprises a production economic study of 144 public dental care clinics in five counties in southern Sweden. The variation in productivity is tested on the basis of various explanatory factors using multiple regression analysis according to OLS. The regression models used were a linear function, an exponential function of the Cobb-Douglas type as well as a transcendental function of the type first formulated by Reinhardt in 1972. The results show that the high productivity clinic is smaller (1-2 dentists), has a larger staff of assistants, has fewer children and adolescents among its patients and shows higher productivity also in the case of the other productivity measure.The study also contains an estimation of the production function for the 144 clinics. A Cobb-Douglas production function is used as a regression mode. The results point to significant estimated coefficient values for all production factors. The coefficient values are, as could be expected, positive and between zero and one in size. The results are in agreement with most of the estimations obtained from previous studies.
16.
Westman, Göran, 1946-
(författare)
Planning primary health care provision : assessment of development work at a health centre
1986
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
At the Primary Health Care Centre in Vännäs (VPHCC), northern Sweden, a development work was implemented in 1976-1980. The overall purpose was to enhance primary health care planning. In trying to improve health care delivery cooperation with community members was initiated and some organizational changes like a new appointment system, a new medical record and local care programs for some common diseases were introduced. Official statistics were also used for comparative purposes.The aims of the work were postulated (increased accessibility, higher continuity, more equitable distribution and enhanced cooperation) and suitable methods were designed. From postal surveys, chartreviews and administrative data (from hospitals, out-patient clinics and health centres) figures and information were collected.Accessibility was studied by waiting room time which was reduced and continuity, analyzed with a new concept - visit based provider continuity - was improved. The question of equitable distribution was studied by the consultation rates at different out-patient clinics. It seemed as if the local development work changed the patterns of utilization but some important issues were not decisively answered.Repeated postal surveys reflected the question of equitable distribution and the cooperation between the VPHCC and the community members. Positive responses were recorded in aspects like telephone accessibility and health care information. In a tracer study of diabetes the quality of care was studied. The local care program was actually implemented in the daily practice but the question of care quality needs further penetration.Within the frames of the development work new methods in the health care planning were introduced. Our work started from the prerequisits of the VPHCC and other health centres might find other ways of planning for care provision. On a general level, however, the structure of our work - defining aims, means and evaluation methods - can be used by others.
17.
Aareleid, Tiiu, et al.
(författare)
Lung cancer in Estonia in 1968-87 : time trends and public health implications.
1994
Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer Prevention. - 0959-8278 .- 1473-5709. ; 3:5, s. 419-425
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Changes in lung cancer incidence and mortality in Estonia were studied for 20 years (1968-87). A steady upward trend was observed for men and women. The 1983-87/1968-72 age-standardized incidence rate ratio was 1.22 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-1.29) in men and 1.34 (95% CI 1.16-1.54) in women. The corresponding mortality rate ratio was 1.26 (95% CI 1.18-1.34) in men and 1.35 (95% CI 1.16-1.57) in women. The age-specific incidence and mortality rates increased clearly towards the younger birth cohorts. For men and women, the increase was most evident for the age group 45-64 years. In women there was a more rapid increase in incidence and mortality than in men. It may be a result of a substantial increase of tobacco smoking, particularly among women, after the World War II. The high and still rising occurrence of lung cancer is closely related to the high prevalence of smoking; in addition, high tar yields in domestic cigarettes could have been responsible for an elevated lung cancer risk during the past decades. There is not tobacco control programme in Estonia, and existing legislation and regulations do not defend the non-smoking population.
18.
Aden, A S, et al.
(författare)
The growth chart - a road to health chart? : Maternal comprehension of the growth chart in two Somali villages
1990
Ingår i: Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. - : Wiley. - 0269-5022 .- 1365-3016. ; 4:3, s. 340-350
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Growth monitoring is so far not implemented on a large scale in the Somali health services. Available reports indicate that growth faltering is common. However, the use of growth charts as a tool for health education has been questioned. This study examines the ability of 199, predominantly illiterate, rural Somali mothers to understand the growth chart message after an intensive period of growth chart use and education. During a home-based interview the mothers were asked to combine a set of four growth curves with a set of four pictures, showing the corresponding developments of four children. The mothers managed significantly better to interpret the charts than could be expected by chance alone. Maternal age, number of children and literacy did not differ much between those who correctly and incorrectly combined pictures and charts. Almost all mothers recognised the value of the growth chart as being good for the control and promotion of their children's health and/or growth. We conclude that the growth chart may be an applicable and appropriate tool even with illiterate mothers, provided that other prerequisites for successful growth monitoring, e.g. appropriate health services, are available.
19.
Adlerberth, Ingegerd, 1959, et al.
(författare)
Intestinal colonization with Enterobacteriaceae in Pakistani and Swedish hospital-delivered infants.
1991
Ingår i: Acta paediatrica Scandinavica. - 0001-656X. ; 80:6-7, s. 602-10
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Rectal cultures from Swedish and Pakistani hospital-delivered newborn infants were analysed regarding the early acquisition of enterobacteria. Swedish infants were delivered vaginally, Pakistani infants were delivered either vaginally or by caesarean section. The Swedish infants were all breast-fed, whereas breastfeeding was incomplete and often started late among the Pakistani infants. Both groups of Pakistani infants were more rapidly colonized with enterobacteria than were the Swedish infants. Cultures from Swedish infants seldom yielded more than one kind of enterobacteria; E. coli and Klebsiella were most frequently isolated. E. coli dominated in both Pakistani groups, but especially caesarean section delivered infants were in addition often colonized with Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter or Citrobacter species. Breastfeeding from the first day of life reduced colonization with Klebsiella/Enterobacter/Citrobacter. The results suggest that environmental exposure, delivery mode and early feeding habits all influence the early intestinal colonization with enterobacteria.
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21.
Agardh, Carl-David, et al.
(författare)
Improvement of peripheral nerve function after institution of insulin treatment in diabetes mellitus. A case-control study
1983
Ingår i: Acta Medica Scandinavica. - 0001-6101. ; 213:4, s. 283-287
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
The influence of improved diabetic control on peripheral nerve function was studied before and 3-4 months after institution of insulin treatment in 22 diabetics unsatisfactorily controlled by oral hypoglycemic agents. After institution of insulin treatment, diabetic control was improved as demonstrated by decreasing levels of HbA1. There was an overall tendency towards improvement of motor and sensory conduction velocities, however significant only in the upper extremities. There was a tendency towards improved temperature sensitivity in the legs, while no changes occurred in the hands and face. The sensation for vibration did not change. It is concluded that improved diabetic control, even in elderly patients with long-standing diabetes, is followed by neurophysiological signs of improved peripheral nerve function.
22.
AIDS i Afrika
1993
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
23.
Alexanderson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
Epidemiology of sickness absence in a Swedish county in 1985, 1986 and 1987 : A three year longitudinal study with focus on gender, age and occupation
1994
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine. - : Sage Publications. - 0300-8037. ; 22:1, s. 27-34
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
In order to get a better epidemiological base for preventive intervention in the county of Östergötland, Sweden, a comprehensive study of sickness absence was done. During the years 1985, 1986 and 1987, all new periods of sick-leave exceeding seven days were registered with demographic variables. This information was related to data about the total population of Östergötland. Each year approx. 45,000 persons had approx. 61,000 sickness spells. These figures were stable over the years while the number of sick-leave days increased. Blue-collar occupations had the highest sick-leave rates and the female sick-leave rate was higher in general and much higher in most male-dominated occupations. The male rate was lower within female-dominated areas, except among secretaries and textile workers. Females in extremely male-dominated groups had the highest rates, while both male and female sick-leave rates were lower in more gender-integrated occupations.
24.
Allard, Annika, 1958-
(författare)
Enteric adenovirus type 41 : genome organization and specific detection procedures
1992
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
Enteric adenoviruses (EAd) types 40 and 41 (Ad40 and Ad41) representing subgenus F, are primary pathogens of children being second only to rotaviruses as the most important cause of infantile diarrhea.The EAds differ from all other adenoviruses in their inability to grow in most conventional established cell lines and have been suggested to be deficient in some early gene functions since they could be complemented by Ad 5 early regions EIA and E1B. In order to search for differences that could explain its characteristic growth restriction, the early regions EIA and E1B of Ad41 (strain D389) were sequenced, analysed and compared with the corresponding regions of Adl2, Ad7, Ad2, and Ad4. As revealed by the analysis of Ad2, three major mRNAs of 9S, 12S and 13S are generated from region EIA. The EIA region of Ad41 encodes two mRNAs corresponding to the 12S and 13S mRNAs. Only the 13S mRNA is transcribed at detectable levels. This mRNA can be translated into a 251 aa putative protein that contains the three highly conserved domains found in all other human adenoviruses and shown to be responsible for many important regulatory functions during infection.The E1B region of Ad41 encodes three transcripts that correspond to 22S, 14S and 9S mRNA of Ad2. No equivalent to the 13S mRNA of Ad2 E1B is found. In addition the Ad41 14S mRNA exhibits an additional exon of 23 bp created by a donor and an acceptor splice sites not desribed for other adenovirus E1B sequences.Due to their growth restriction in conventional cultures, rapid diagnostic procedures developed for the enteric adenovirus infections have mainly been aimed at the detection of viral antigens or nucleic acids. This thesis also describes several procedures developed for the general detection of adenoviruses and specific detection of the enteric types in stools specimens. General and specific hybridization assays were developed by use of two BamHI clones obtained from the EIA region of Ad41. One- and two-step PCR procedures were also developed for the general detection of adenoviruses using primers corresponding to highly conserved sequences within the hexon gene. Subgenus F specific one- and two-step PCRs were developed by using primers located in the Ad41 E1B region.The one-step PCR systems were tested and validated against isolation in tissue culture, DNA restriction enzyme analysis and a commercial latex agglutination test in the study of 60 specimens obtained from children with rotavirus negative diarrhea. The asymptomatic fecal excretion of adenoviruses was evaluated by two-step PCR amplifications on samples from 50 healthy children, 50 healthy adults, and 50 adults suffering from diarrhea.Finally, a simplified procedure for detection, discrimination and typing of EAd was also designed by combining the one-step PCR amplification of the hexon region with the restriction of the 300 bp product.
25.
Andersson, B., et al.
(författare)
Testosterone concentrations in women and men with NIDDM
1994
Ingår i: Diabetes Care. ; 17, s. 405-411
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Department of Medicine, Sahlgren's Hospital, University of Göteborg, Sweden. OBJECTIVE--To evaluate androgen concentrations in relation to insulin resistance in men and women with and without NIDDM. Recent studies have indicated the potential importance of the regulation of insulin sensitivity by androgens in both women and men. Low sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentration is an independent risk factor for the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in women and is strongly associated statistically with signs of insulin resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--We compared measurements of anthropometric variables and SHBG, steroid hormone, and insulin concentrations of women and men who have NIDDM with those of control subjects. RESULTS--Women with NIDDM had somewhat higher plasma insulin concentrations, lower SHBG, and higher free testosterone values than did control subjects with similar body mass index (BMI). Women with NIDDM had marginally higher waist-to-hip ratios (WHR). Plasma insulin concentrations correlated positively with BMI, WHR, and free testosterone and negatively with SHBG. In multivariate analyses, insulin concentrations remained positively associated with BMI and free testosterone. Men with NIDDM had higher fasting plasma insulin concentrations than did the nondiabetic control subjects. Testosterone and SHBG were lower in the diabetic men than in both control groups. The derived value of free testosterone was not different between groups. Univariate correlation analyses revealed tight statistical couplings between plasma insulin on the one hand and SHBG and testosterone concentrations (negative) on the other. In multivariate analyses, only the insulin-testosterone association remained. CONCLUSIONS: Women with NIDDM have high levels of free testosterone and low levels of SHBG. Insulin resistance is closely correlated with these signs of hyperandrogenicity as well as with obesity. Men with NIDDM also have low levels of SHBG and, in contrast to women, low testosterone values. Insulin values correlate negatively with these hormonal factors. Based on the results of experimental work and intervention studies, we suggest that these androgen abnormalities might be causally related to insulin resistance in NIDDM. PMID: 8062607 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
