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Sökning: AMNE:(SOCIAL SCIENCES Psychology)

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1.
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2.
  • Edvardsson, Bo, 1944- (författare)
  • Organisatoriska provokationer
  • 1984
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Syftet med denna rapport är att nå en kritisk och teoretisk förståelse av hur socialtjänstens organisationer möter sociala problem samt att antyda alternativa organisationsformer.Data har införskaffats från tre organisationer - två socialbyråer och en fältgrupp - genom beslutsdokument och genom fyra intervjustudier under 1983-84. Resultaten tyder på att organisationernas förhållningssätt till sociala problem är i första hand administrativt. Klientgruppernas och enskilda klienters perspektiv, livssituation m.m. verkar organisationerna föga intresserade av. Problemanalyser görs i ringa utsträckning. Däremot sysslar man mycket med interna frågor, former, forrmförändringar, samarbete m.m. Kunskapsbyggande saknas väsentligen. Flera olika teoretiska perspektiv på data antyds och prövas. Teknokratiska medvetandeprocesser ses som en viktig kulturell och samhällelig faktor. Flera andra faktorer diskuteras, t.ex. inverkan av bearbetad materia, organisatorisk rationalitet, varseblivningsmässiga, tankemässiga, känslomässiga och språkliga faktorer. Vissa principer för konstruktion av flexibla, problem- och resultatorienterade organisationer skisseras, t.ex. snabb anpassning till ekologin. En hypotes uppställs om olika organisationstyper inom socialtjänsten. Motståndsproblemet berörs kritiskt. Medvetandeprocesser diskuteras och en allmän hypotes med ett form-innehålls-kontinuum för kulturella medvetandeprocesser skisseras. Innebörden av en symtom-åtgärds-modell respektive en problemfokuserande arbetsmodell vid konstruktion och utveckling av organisationer behandlas. Vidare hävdas att socialarbetarnas och klienternas resurser förtrycks av teknologiska former och formtänkande likt en ande i en flaska. Amöban mde sin rörlighet förespråkas som en förebild för en socialtjänstorganisation.
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3.
  • Ahlborg, Tone, 1950, et al. (författare)
  • Sensual and sexual marital contentment in parents of small children--a follow-up study when the first child is four years old.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Journal of sex research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-4499 .- 1559-8519. ; 45:3, s. 295-304
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This follow-up study explored parents' (N=452) intimate relationships when their firstborn child was 6 months old and then 4 years later. The measurement used was a modified version of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, DAS. The present results show that most parents responding were content sensually at 6 months postpartum in 2002 and 4 years later, in 2006. More parents had changed from being sensually content in 2002 to discontent in 2006, than the contrary, however, and the sexual contentment remained low. The average sexual frequency was low both at 6 months and at 4 years for both parents with and without additional children. Experiencing tiredness as a hindrance to having sex was perceived as a greater problem among those parents without additional children. Prospective regression analyses indicated that sexuality was significantly related to both sensual and sexual contentment 4 years later. Sexuality was also one of the most significant covariates in the cross-sectional regression analysis for sensual contentment. Since sexuality plays a central role in partner well-being, it may be an important target for helping parents with small children.
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4.
  • Blanck, Elin, et al. (författare)
  • Informal carers in Sweden - striving for partnership
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 16:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Informal carers have an important role in society through their care and support of their long-term ill relatives. Providing informal care is challenging and can lead to caregiver burden
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6.
  • Edvardsson, Bo, 1944- (författare)
  • Kritisk utredningsmetodik : begrepp, principer och felkällor
  • 2003. - 2
  • Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • I boken presenteras begrepp, principer och felkällor som bör beaktas för att utredningsarbete inom socialtjänsten och liknande verksamheter skall bli sakligt och konstruktivt och reducera misstag. Boken utgår mycket från kognitiv psykologi, logik och källkritik.
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7.
  • Edvardsson, Bo, 1944- (författare)
  • Utredares okunnighet och tankefel om normal barnsexualitet i barnavårdsutredningar (BBIC) och i en utredning av vårdnad, boende och umgänge. Ännu ett fall inom knäsittningens praktik.
  • 2011
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • I ett fall med strid om vårdnad, boende och umgänge blir fadern av modern osakligt anklagad och misstänkt för att ha begått sexuella övergrepp på sina två barn i förskoleåldern. Socialtjänstens osakliga och partiska utredare "sätter sig i knät" på modern och visar upp en omfattande okunnighet i både utredningsmetodik och vad gäller förskolebarns normala sexuella utveckling vad gäller förekommande beteenden med sexuell inriktning. I granskningen påvisas bland annat ett stort antal alternativa tolkningshypoteser och förekomst av ett stort antal tankefel, bl.a. ignorerande av barnens uppfattningar och könsdiskriminerande utredande. Samma problem finns i BBIC-materialen.
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8.
  • Edvardsson, Bo, 1944- (författare)
  • Vem begick vilka slags övergrepp? Alternativa tolkningar kring ett förskolebarns beteende.
  • 2011
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Utredningsmetodik och saklighet i en vårdnads-, boende- och umgängesutredning, med sexuella anklagelser, granskas. Stor okunnighet om barns utveckling och hur barn kan påverkas visas både från socialtjänsten och från barnpsykiatrin. Ett antal tankefel förekommer. Utredningen utmärks av partiskhet/"knäsittning". Det kan i detta fall hävdas att det 3-åriga (och senare äldre) barnet utsatts för psykiska övergrepp.
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11.
  • Stenling, Andreas, et al. (författare)
  • Longitudinal associations between athletes' controlled motivation, ill being, and perceptions of controlling coach behaviors: A Bayesian latent growth curve approach
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Psychology of Sport and Exercise. - Amsterdam : Elsevier BV. - 1469-0292 .- 1878-5476. ; 30, s. 205-214
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Although many scholars have argued that leadership is a dynamic process jointly produced by leaders and followers, leadership in sports is most often researched as a unidirectional process from coaches to athletes. Within self-determination theory (SDT), individual characteristics are suggested to influence how people perceive external events such as coaches' behaviors. In the present study, we examined this jointly produced leadership process by investigating longitudinal associations between athletes' controlled motivation, ill-being, and perceptions of coaches' controlling behaviors at the between- and within-person levels. The participants were 247 young elite skiers enrolled at Swedish sport high schools who responded to self-report questionnaires at three time points over the course of an athletic season. At the between-person level, increases in perceptions of coaches' controlling behaviors over the season positively predicted controlled motivation at the end of the season, and controlled motivation at the beginning of the season positively predicted ill-being at the end of the season. At the within-person level, athletes' controlled motivation positively predicted perceptions of coaches' controlling behaviors. The results at the between-person level support the unidirectional perspective and the tenets of SDT. The results at the within-person level suggest that individual characteristics such as motivation can influence how athletes perceive external events, which has been proposed theoretically but seldom examined empirically. Three plausible explanations for this reversed association are presented in the discussion. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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12.
  • Antirasistisk Ordbok
  • 2015
  • Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Språk är ett viktigt medel i kampen för rättvisa. Den här ordboken samlar ett antal begrepp som är grundläggande för den antirasistiska kampen som förs idag i Sverige och i resten av Europa. Det är en samling av begrepp som har definierats och förklarats av ett flertal antirasistiska forskare i Sverige där många av oss är verksamma och anknutna till föreningen Antirasistiska Akademin.
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13.
  • Viktorelius, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Energy efficiency at sea : An activity theoretical perspective on operational energy efficiency in maritime transport
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Energy Research & Social Science. - : Elsevier. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 52, s. 1-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The mitigation of emission from shipping will require improvements in energy efficiency. In order to achieve this, sociotechnical changes are required, affecting all stakeholders within the shipping sector. Ship crews and their everyday work practices will play an especially important role in the transformation of the sector. It is therefore crucial to understand how new energy efficient technologies and practices are being introduced and enacted onboard ships. The case study reported in this paper investigates an attempt to improve the operational energy efficiency in a shipping company that was made by installing an energy monitoring system and introducing an energy saving policy onboard the ships in the fleet. The analytical framework in this paper is inspired by cultural-historical activity theory which is suggested as a novel and useful practice-based approach in energy studies. It is used in analyzing the contradictions and tensions in the work practices onboard the ships that preceded and followed the implementation of the energy monitoring system and energy saving policy. The empirical results revealed how the initial demand for operational energy efficiency and the subsequent introduction of the new monitoring system and policy gave rise to tensions in the existing activity systems onboard which crew members then tried, but did not always manage, to reconcile. It is concluded that a better understanding of the sociotechnical change processes, associated with organizational energy conservation and energy management, can be achieved if the situated paradoxes of practitioners’ everyday practices are examined.
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14.
  • Petersson Troije, Charlotte, et al. (författare)
  • Outdoor Office Work : An Interactive Research Project Showing the Way Out
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The physical boundaries of office work have become increasingly flexible. Work is conducted at multiple locations outside the office, such as at clients' premises, at home, in cafés, or when traveling. However, the boundary between indoor and outdoor environment seems to be strong and normative regarding how office work is performed. The aim of this study was to explore how office work may be conducted outdoors, understanding how it is being experienced by office employees and identifying its contextual preconditions. Based on a two-year interactive research project, the study was conducted together with a Swedish municipality. Fifty-eight participants engaged in the collaborative learning process, including 40 half-day workshops and reflective group discussions, co-interviews, and participants' independent experimentation of bringing work activities outdoors. Data was collected via interviews, group discussions and a custom-made mobile application. The results showed that a wide range of work activities could be done outdoors, both individually and in collaboration with others. Outdoor work activities were associated with many positive experiences by contributing to a sense of well-being, recovery, autonomy, enhanced cognition, better communication, and social relations, but also with feelings of guilt and illegitimacy. Conditions of importance for outdoor office work to happen and function well were found in the physical environment, where proximity to urban greenspaces stood out as important, but also in the sociocultural and organizational domains. Of crucial importance was managers' attitudes, as well as the overall organizational culture on this idea of bringing office work outdoors. To conclude, if working life is to benefit from outdoor office work, leaders, urban planners and policymakers need to collaborate and show the way out.
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15.
  • Dellve, Lotta, 1965, et al. (författare)
  • Stress and well-being among parents of children with rare diseases: a prospective intervention study
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - Oxford : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 53:4, s. 392-402
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AIM: This paper reports a study to assess stress, well-being and supportive resources experienced by mothers and fathers of children with rare disabilities, and how these variables were affected by an intensive family competence intervention. BACKGROUND: Despite diagnosis-specific studies, little overall knowledge exists about life-consequences for families of children with rare disorders. METHOD: We used a prospective design with baseline data and two follow-ups (at 6 and 12 months) after an intervention. The intervention aimed at empowering parents in managing their child's disability. Parents from all parts of Sweden visiting a national centre for families of children with rare disabilities were consecutively selected (n = 136 mothers, 108 fathers). Instruments of parental stress, social support, self-rated health, optimism and life satisfaction and perceived physical or psychological strain were used. Stratified analyses were carried out for mothers and fathers, and related to parental demands: single mothers, full-time employment, participation in a parent association, child's age and type of disability. RESULTS: We found high parental stress, physical and emotional strain among mothers, especially among single mothers. Fathers showed high stress related to incompetence, which decreased after the intervention. Decreased strain was found among full-time working mothers and fathers after the intervention. Parents' perceived knowledge and active coping and mothers' perceived social support were increased at follow-up. Factors related to parents' overall life satisfaction (57-70% explained variance) changed after the intervention, from being more related to internal demands (perceived strain, incompetence and social isolation) to other conditions, such as problems related to spouse, paid work and social network. CONCLUSION: Parents, especially fathers and full-time working parents, may benefit from an intensive family competence programme.
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  • Jensen, Mikael, 1969 (författare)
  • Lärande och lärandeteorier - Om den intentionella människan
  • 2016
  • Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Mänskligt lärande är ett komplext fenomen. Det påverkas av såväl mentala/individrelaterade faktorer som interaktiva/sociala faktorer. Den här boken försöker integrera dessa olika perspektiv på lärande som annars brukar ställas emot varandra. Det är berättelsen om människan som en social och kognitiv varelse. I boken drivs tesen om den intentionella lärande människan. Lärande och lärandeteorier presenterar lärandeteorier från olika perspektiv och historiska perioder. Några viktiga kärnbegrepp i boken är: intentioner, social kognition, motivation, minne och kunskap, kommunikation, återkoppling, grupper och organisationer samt kulturella faktorer. Men den diskuterar även mindre vanliga teman såsom transfer, kreativitet, personlighetsdrag, tillit, nätverk och kunskapsdelande.
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  • Edvardsson, Bo, 1944- (författare)
  • Perceived and wanted ego states for social workers and clients
  • 1979
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Social work students (N = 50) were asked to ascribe psychological characteristics to themselves as social workers and to their clients. Students had to ascribe bothe perceived and wanted characteristics. These were classified into six ego state categories in transactional analysis theory. Students perceived themselves as mainly Nurturing Parents (NP) and their clients as mainly Adapted Childs (AC). Students wanted to keep their strong Nurturing Parents (NP) and wanted clients in Adult (A) ego state.
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20.
  • Biswas, Urmi, et al. (författare)
  • Ageing and values in the developments of home-based eldercare (HBEC): : Perspectives from India and Sweden
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Psychology and developing societies. - India : SAGE Publications India. - 0971-3336 .- 0973-0761. ; 32:2, s. 224-253
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ageing population is becoming a major concern because of its economic, political and social impact. Trusted eldercare service is an important issue for a matured nation. The paper addresses the preconditions of healthy ageing and sustainable value integrated eldercare in a developing and a developed society. In India, professional eldercare is about a decade old and is still emerging to get a foothold in the health care system. The aim is to explore understanding and values of home-based eldercare (HBEC) in India from a multiple stakeholder’s perspective and to understand the value related challenges and issues in developments with HBEC in Sweden which has a century old experience of professional and public organised eldercare. The study included 210 in-depth interviews, 105 each from India and Sweden. The in-depth interviews of various stakeholders including older individuals, their relatives, caregivers, managers and doctors. Interviews and focused group discussions were carried out across six cities in India and 10 municipalities in Sweden. The qualitative data were analysed to conceptualise the stakeholders understanding of HBEC, the values associated with care giving, perceived challenges and issues in the emerging HBEC sector in India. The findings highlight the changing values in the societies with relation to the needs and context of eldercare in both countries. These preconditions for compassion and work engagement in care giving as well as competence development in caregivers need to be strengthened in the contexts of care and in alignment with sociocultural values
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21.
  • Almered Olsson, Gunilla, 1951, et al. (författare)
  • Food systems sustainability - For whom and by whom? : An examination of different 'food system change' viewpoints
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Development Research Conference 2018: “Rethinking development”, 22–23 August 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The United Nations identifies the food crisis as one of the primary overarching challenges facing the international community. Different stakeholders in the food system have widely different perspectives and interests, and challenging structural issues, such as the power differentials among them, remain largely unexamined. These challenges make rational discourse among food system actors from different disciplines, sectors and levels difficult. These challenges can often prevent them from working together effectively to find innovative ways to respond to food security challenges. This means that finding solutions to intractable and stuck issues, such as the food crisis often stall, not at implementation, but at the point of problem identification. Food system sustainability means very different things to different food system actors. These differences in no way undermine or discount the work carried out by these players. However, making these differences explicit is an essential activity that would serve to deepen theoretical and normative project outcomes. Would the impact and reach of different food projects differ if these differences were made explicit? The purpose of this initial part of a wider food system research project is not to search for difference or divergence, with the aim of critique, but rather to argue that by making these differences explicit, the overall food system project engagement will be made more robust, more inclusive and more encompassing. This paper starts with some discussion on the different food system perspectives, across scales, regions and sectors but focuses primarily on the design of processes used to understand these divergent and at times contradictory views of what a sustainable food system may be. This paper draws on ongoing work within the Mistra Urban Futures project, using the food system projects in cities as diverse as Cape Town, Manchester, Gothenburg and Kisumu as sites for this enquiry.
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24.
  • Edvardsson, Bo, 1944- (författare)
  • Påverkansfallet I: utredningsmetodik, tankefel och källkritik i två psykologutlåtanden. Grovt missbruk av psykologi av psykolog.
  • 2009
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Syftet är att kritiskt-vetenskapligt granska utredningsmetodik, tankefel och källkritik i två psykologutlåtanden rörande två utredningsomhändertagna syskon och beställda av ett utredningshem som anlitas av socialtjänsten. En stor mängd brister i utredningsmetodik, mängder av allvarliga tankefel och bristande källkritisk prövning framkommer. Psykologimissbruket flödar. Fler av socialtjänstens dokument i fallet granskas i följande rapporter rubricerade "Påverkansfallet II-IV". De kan läsas fristående från varandra. Påverkansfallet II är den centrala och mest omfattande rapporten där mängder av påstådd och korrupt utredningsaktivitet klargörs och en synnerligen omfattande lista över tankefel presenteras.
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  • Almqvist, Lena, et al. (författare)
  • 'I can play!' : Young children's perceptions of health
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Pediatric Rehabilitation. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 1363-8491 .- 1464-5270. ; 9:3, s. 275-284
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Health is today viewed as a multi-dimensional concept partly conceptualized independent from not being ill. The aim of this study was to gain knowledge of how young children perceive health. Interviews were conducted with 68 children (4–5 years), within their pre-school setting, with the help of a semi-structured interview guide. A multi-dimensional perspective represented by the health dimensions of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) was used in a manifest deductive content analysis. The children's statements were categorized and placed under one of the four health dimensions, body, activity, participation and environment. A latent content analysis was applied to identify underlying themes in the manifest categories. The results revealed that young children perceive health as a multi-dimensional construct, largely related to being engaged, i.e. to be able to perform wanted activities and participate in a supportive every-day context. This implies that improvements of child engagement should be emphasized in health promotion and to a greater extent be the central focus of health interventions for young children.
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28.
  • Uvnäs-Moberg, Kerstin, et al. (författare)
  • Sensory Stimulation and Oxytocin : Their Roles in Social Interaction and Health Promotion
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 13
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this call was to collect papers describing how oxytocin may be released by different kinds of sensory stimulation to induce wellbeing and restorative processes and to inhibit pain, stress and inflammation. A large number of interesting articles of very high quality were received and 19 papers were accepted for publication. All the included articles have contributed to expand the knowledge about oxytocin in a very substantial way both regarding its effect spectrum and regarding its association with sensory, somatosensory stimulation, in particular. In fact, the obtained data contribute to prove the hypothesis that the oxytocinergic system is a widespread integrative system, which is linked to social interaction, wellbeing, reduction of stress and pain as well as to reproductive, growth promoting and restorative effects. The activity of this archaic oxytocin system is under control of hormones and sensory nerves, which convey information regarding the state of the internal and the external environment. The oxytocin linked effects may be induced in the short-term as well as in the long-term perspective. All of the articles which were accepted and included in this issue, in their own unique way, contribute to describe oxytocin beyond its classical role in birth and milk ejection in accordance with the concept described above. We describe and discuss the data after having categorized the results presented in the articles according to certain subjects. 
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30.
  • Czarniawska, Barbara, 1948 (författare)
  • Nowe techniki badan terenowych: shadowing.
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: I: Jemielniak, Dariusz (red.) Badania jakosciowe: Metody i narzedzia. - Warszawa : PWN. - 9788301169466 ; , s. 69-90
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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  • Gärling, Tommy, 1941-, et al. (författare)
  • Review and assessment of self-reports of travel-related emotional wellbeing
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Transport and Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1405. ; 17
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: Travel behavior research has only started to address how travel affects emotional wellbeing. The development of measurement methods is an important goal of this research.Methods: A review and assessment of methods of measuring travel-related emotional wellbeing is presented guided by a conceptual framework specifying what is measured (cognitive evaluations, emotional responses, or moods), the way it is measured (proactively, instantaneously, or retrospectively), and when it is measured (before, during, or after travel). Anticipated, current, residual and recalled moods are the objects of the measurement. Only studies of commuting or other types of daily travel are addressed.Results: We find that no research has measured anticipated moods, some research has measured current moods before, after and during travel, and most research has measured recalled moods.Conclusions: The most valid and reliable method is to measure current mood instantaneously at several points in time, before, during, and after travel. A measure of emotional wellbeing can then be obtained by objective aggregation. An approximate more feasible method is to retrospectively measure recalled moods for a given specified time period that may not only include travel. The available methods for measuring recalled moods have acceptable psychometric properties but research is needed to validate these methods by comparing the results to an objective aggregation of instantaneous measures of current mood at different points in time.
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33.
  • Johansson, Björn, Docent, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Introduction from the editors
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Always take action. - Stockholm : Friends, World Anti-Bullying Forum. - 9789151946146 ; , s. 13-29
  • Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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34.
  • Edvardsson, Bo, 1944- (författare)
  • Flumpsykologi i barnpsykiatriska journaler rörande tre barn. : Grovt missbruk av psykologi av psykolog.
  • 2010
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Syftet är att studera utredningsmetodik och tänkande i barnpsykiatriska journaler m.m. hörande till ett fall inom socialtjänsten. Det påvisas stora mängder metod.- och tankefel av psykolog m.fl. personal. Ett avsevärt antal citat ur texten belägger omfattande kognitiv patologi hos utredare. Utredare med så allvarliga brister i kognitivt fungerande måste bedömas vara farliga/skadliga för familjer och i synnerhet för barn samt inverkar destruktivt på samhället i övrigt.
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35.
  • Clausén Gull, Ingela, et al. (författare)
  • Neighborhood conditions in a Swedish context - Two studies of reliability and validity of virtual systematic social observation using Google Street View
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 14
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: The goal of these studies was to investigate the reliability and validity of virtual systematic social observation (virtual SSO) using Google Street View in a Swedish neighborhood context.Methods: This was accomplished in two studies. Study 1 focused on interrater reliability and construct validity, comparing ratings conducted in-person to those done using Google Street View, across 24 study sites within four postal code areas. Study 2 focused on criterion validity of virtual SSO in terms of neighborhoods with low versus high income levels, including 133 study sites within 22 postal code areas in a large Swedish city. In both studies, assessment of the neighborhood context was conducted at each study site, using a protocol adapted to a Swedish context.Results: Scales for Physical Decay, Neighborhood Dangerousness, and Physical Disorder were found to be reliable, with adequate interrater reliability, high consistency across methods, and high internal consistency. In Study 2, significantly higher levels of observed Physical Decay, Neighborhood Dangerousness, and signs of garbage or litter were observed in postal codes areas (site data was aggregated to postal code level) with lower as compared to higher income levels.Discussion: We concluded that the scales within the virtual SSO with Google Street View protocol that were developed in this series of studies represents a reliable and valid measure of several key neighborhood contextual features. Implications for understanding the complex person-context interactions central to many theories of positive development among youth were discussed in relation to the study findings.
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36.
  • Dymitrow, Mirek, et al. (författare)
  • Wicked problems or wicked solutions? Sustainability–differently
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Urban Research, Mistra Urban Futures, 18 September 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden..
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Obtaining functional and inclusive societal organization is not a simple matter of ‘doing it’ by subscribing to winning formulae as there are many choices to be made in the process. Given that conceptual frameworks always guide thoughts, judgments and actions, how we relate to ‘sustainability’ specifically becomes relevant if we aim to achieve a more liveable society. It is increasingly appreciated how all societies contain ‘wicked problems’ or socio-cultural challenges that are multidimensional, hard to pin down and consequently extremely challenging to solve. This seminar engages with the consequent need to recognise this complexity by assembling three ‘brave’ takes on far-advanced problems bedevilling conventionally conceptualised paths towards sustainability. Arguing against oversimplification that comes from domination of polarizing concepts and unquestioned practices and rhetorics, the aim of this seminar is to foster explorations into new territories from which we may learn. This involves thinking differently, even if such thinking must sometimes both provoke and cauterise dissent, and revisit divergent ideological standpoints in order not to dismiss out-of-hand ways towards supposedly common goals.
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38.
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39.
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40.
  • Jensen, Mikael, 1969 (författare)
  • Kommunikation i klassrummet
  • 2022
  • Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Kommunikation är centralt i nästan alla mänskliga aktiviteter. I klassrummen är kommunikation en nödvändighet för att skapa ett positivt fysiskt och socialt klimat som grund för samspel och lärande. Det är dock möjligt att kommunicera på många olika sätt och forskningen, framför allt den internationella, kan nu visa vilka sätt att kommunicera som ger bäst resultat. Trots att kommunikation är så centralt i undervisning har ytterst få böcker på svenska tagit ett helhetsgrepp om detta intressanta och viktiga ämne. Boken behandlar bl.a.: • kommunikationsmönster i klassrummet • känslors betydelse för kommunikation och lärande • gruppkommunikation och lärande • multimodal kommunikation i klassrummet • hur frågor används på ett optimalt sätt • hur tydlighet och visualisering fungerar som hjälpmedel. Boken vänder sig till blivande och verksamma lärare inom grund- och gymnasieskolan samt andra yrkesgrupper med intresse för kommunikation och lärande inom utbildning.
  •  
41.
  • Svensson, Idor, 1957-, et al. (författare)
  • Effects of assistive technology for students with reading and writing disabilities
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1748-3107 .- 1748-3115. ; 16:2, s. 196-208
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Assistive technology has been used to mitigate reading disabilities for almost three decades, and tablets with text-to-speech and speech-to-text apps have been introduced in recent years to scaffold reading and writing. Few scientifically rigorous studies, however, have investigated the benefits of this technology.Purpose: The aim was to explore the effects of assistive technology for students with severe reading disabilities.Method: This study included 149 participants. The intervention group received 24 sessions of assistive technology training, and the control group received treatment as usual.Results: Both the intervention and control groups improved as much in 1 year as the normed population did. However, gains did not differ between the groups directly after the intervention or at 1 year of follow-up.Conclusions: The use of assistive technology seems to have transfer effects on reading ability and to be supportive, especially for students with the most severe difficulties. In addition, it increases motivation for overall schoolwork. Our experience also highlights the obstacles involved in measuring the ability to assimilate and communicate text.
  •  
42.
  • Falk Erhag, Hanna, et al. (författare)
  • A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing
  • 2022
  • Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This open access book provides insight on how to interpret capability in ageing – one’s individual ability to perform actions in order to reach goals one has reason to value – from a multidisciplinary approach. With for the first time in history there being more people in the world aged 60 years and over than there are children below the age of 5, the book describes this demographic trends as well as the large global challenges and important societal implications this will have such as a worldwide increase in the number of persons affected with dementia, and in the ratio of retired persons to those still in the labor market. Through contributions from many different research areas, it discussed how capability depends on interactions between the individual (e.g. health, genetics, personality, intellectual capacity), environment (e.g. family, friends, home, work place), and society (e.g. political decisions, ageism, historical period). The final chapter by the editors summarizes the differences and similarities in these contributions. As such this book provides an interesting read for students, teachers and researchers at different levels and from different fields interested in capability and multidisciplinary research.
  •  
43.
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44.
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45.
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46.
  • Edvardsson, Bo, 1944- (författare)
  • Frigörelsens dimensioner vid tunga psykosociala livsproblem
  • 1990
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • På grundval av ett 15-tal rapporter konstateras att fem grupper av dimensioner verkar ha ett betydande stöd vad gäller individers frigörelse från tunga psykosociala livsproblem. Dessa dimensioner är - fysiska förhållanden - vilje- och tankeprocesser - verksamhetsrelationer - när-relationer - samhälleliga relationer Frigörelsens kärna verkar utgöras av en livstriangel med tre faktorer/krafter - egen vilja och egna beslut (JAG) - socialt stöd: att någon bryr sig (DU) - meningsfullt livsinnehåll (arbete, fritid) (MITT LIV) Konventionellt socialt arbete strider ofta mot en, två eller alla tre faktorerna i livstriangeln.
  •  
47.
  •  
48.
  • Edvardsson, Bo, 1944-, et al. (författare)
  • Immediate free recall of brief conversations in investigative work
  • 1998
  • Ingår i: En mycket förkortad version återfinns i konferensvolymen från 8th European Conference on Psychology and Law, 1998. Här presenteras fulltextversionen..
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Immediate free recall of brief realistic conversations was studied. Three audio-recorded conversations between two persons consisting of 10-14 statemens were conducted as they would have been in a social investigation. Each conversation was presented to a different group of social work students (n = 21, 63 and 47, i.e. 131 subjects), who were asked to write down the dialogue verbatim immediately after listening. The content was coded in a number of content themes. One of the results was that the subjects had forgotten half or more of the themes. The core theme was most frequently recalled. Forgotten content may have been perceived as less important. A trimodal order effect was observed: most content was lost near the betinning, in the middle and near the end of the conversations. A number of different memory errors were found. It is evident that errors in conversation recall can cause deficiencies in investigative work.  
  •  
49.
  • Reinholdsson, Tommy, et al. (författare)
  • Nudging green food: The effects of a hedonic cue, menu position, a warm-glow cue, and a descriptive norm
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Journal of Consumer Behaviour. - : Wiley. - 1472-0817 .- 1479-1838. ; 22:3, s. 557-568
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Meat consumption is associated with both public health risks and substantial CO2 emissions. In a large-scale field-experiment, we applied four nudges to the digital menus in 136 hamburger restaurants. The nudges promoted vegetarian food purchases by either (1) changing the menu position of vegetarian food, or aligning vegetarian food with (2) a hedonic, taste-focused nudge, (3) the warm-glow effect, or (4) a descriptive social norm. These nudges were thus aimed to shift salience toward a certain goal or the salience of a specific alternative. Vegetarian food purchases were measured in two datasets analyzing if nudges affected customers' "route " to ordering vegetarian food (29,640 observations), and the total number of vegetarian food sold during the intervention (346,081 observations). Results showed that the position nudge affected customers route to buying vegetarian food. More specifically, making the "green category " more accessible made more customers order through that category. Interestingly, this did not affect the total number of vegetarian sales. However, results indicate that nudges that utilize the salience of goals, in particular hedonic goals, may have an overall positive effect on total vegetarian sales.
  •  
50.
  • Forsberg-Wärleby, Gunilla, 1953 (författare)
  • Evidence for family support
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Evidence for Stroke Rehabilitation -bridging into the future (Stroke rehab 2006). International scientific conference arranged by Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine (foundation for rehabilitation information). April 26-28 2006. Göteborg. Sverige (Invited speaker).
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
  •  
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