| 1. |
- Allard, Ingrid, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Energy evaluation of residential buildings : Performance gap analysis incorporating uncertainties in the evaluation methods
- 2018
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Ingår i: Building Simulation. - : Tsinghua University Press. - 1996-3599 .- 1996-8744. ; 11:4, s. 725-737
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Calculation and measurement-based energy performance evaluations of the same building often provide different results. This difference is referred as "the performance gap". However, a large performance gap may not necessarily mean that there are flaws in the building or deviations from the intended design. The causes for the performance gap can be analysed by calibrating the simulation model to measured data. In this paper, an approach is introduced for verifying compliance with energy performance criteria of residential buildings. The approach is based on a performance gap analysis that takes the uncertainties in the energy evaluation methods into consideration. The scope is to verify building energy performance through simulation and analysis of measured data, identifying any performance gap due to deviations from the intended design or flaws in the finished building based on performance gap analysis. In the approach, a simulation model is calibrated to match the heat loss coefficient of the building envelope [kWh/K] instead of the measured energy. The introduced approach is illustrated using a single-family residential building. The heat loss coefficient was found useful towards identifying any deviations from the intended design or flaws in the finished building. The case study indicated that the method uncertainty was important to consider in the performance gap analysis and that the proposed approach is applicable even when the performance gap appears to be non-existing.
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| 2. |
- Bee, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Air-source heat pump and photovoltaic systems for residential heating and cooling : Potential of self-consumption in different European climates
- 2019
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Ingår i: Building Simulation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1996-3599 .- 1996-8744. ; 12:3, s. 453-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Renewable sources will play a key role in meeting the EU targets for 2030. The combined use of an aerothermal source through a heat pump and a solar source with a photovoltaic (PV) system is one feasible and promising technology for the heating and cooling of residential spaces. In this study, a detailed model of a single-family house with an air-source heat pump and a PV system is developed with the TRNSYS simulation software. Yearly simulations are run for two types of buildings and nine European climates, for both heating and cooling (where needed), in order to have an overview of the system behaviour, which is deeply influenced by the climate. The storage system (electrical and thermal) is also investigated, by means of multiple simulation scenarios, with and without the battery and with different water storage sizes. The numerical results provide an overview of the performance of the considered heating and cooling system, as well as the balance of the electrical energy exchange between the grid, the building, and the PV array.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Davoodi, Anahita, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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The use of lighting simulation in the evidence-based design process : A case study approach using visual comfort analysis in offices
- 2020
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Ingår i: Building Simulation. - : Springer. - 1996-3599 .- 1996-8744. ; 13:1, s. 141-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The EBD-SIM (evidence-based design, simulation) framework is a conceptual framework developed to integrate the use of lighting simulation in the EBD process to provide a holistic performance evaluation method. A real-time case study, executed in a fully operational office building, is used to demonstrate the framework’s performance. The case study focused on visual comfort analysis. The objective is to demonstrate the applicability of the developed EBD-SIM framework using correlations between current visual comfort metrics and actual human perception as evaluation criteria. The data were collected via simulation for visual comfort analysis and via questionnaires for instantaneous and annual visual comfort perception. The study showed that for user perception, the most crucial factor for visual comfort is the amount of light on a task area, and simple metrics such as Eh-room and Eh-task had a higher correlation with perceived visual comfort than complex performance metrics such as Daylight Autonomy (DA). To improve the design process, the study suggests that, among other things, post-occupancy evaluations (POEs) should be conducted more frequently to obtain better insight into user perception of daylight and subsequently use new evidence to further improve the design of the EBD-SIM model.
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| 5. |
- Domhagen, Fredrik, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of weather conditions and building design on contaminant infiltration from crawl spaces in Swedish schools—Numerical modeling using Monte Carlo method
- 2022
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Ingår i: Building Simulation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1996-8744 .- 1996-3599. ; 15:5, s. 845-858
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some Swedish school buildings built in the 1960s and 1970s experience indoor air quality problems, where the contaminants are suspected to come from the crawl space underneath the building. The poor indoor air quality causes discomfort among pupils and teachers. Installing an exhaust fan to maintain a negative pressure difference in the crawl space relative to indoors or increasing the ventilation in the classroom are two examples of common measures taken to improve the indoor air quality. However, these measures are not always effective, and sometimes the school building has to be demolished. The relation between pressure distribution, contaminant concentration in the classroom, outdoor temperature, wind, mechanical ventilation, and air leakage distribution is complex. A better understanding of these relations is crucial for making decisions on the most efficient measure to improve the indoor air quality. In this paper, a model for contaminant infiltration from the crawl space is used together with the Monte Carlo method to study these relations. Simulations are performed for several cases where different building shapes, building orientations, shielding conditions, and geographical locations are simulated. Results show, for example, that for a building with an imbalanced ventilation system, air is leaking from the crawl space to the classroom for the majority of cases and that concentration levels in the classroom are usually the highest during mild and calm days.
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| 6. |
- Fong, K. F., et al.
(författare)
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Residential building performance analysis at near extreme weather conditions in Hong Kong through a thermal-comfort-based strategy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Building Simulation. - : Springer Nature. - 1996-3599 .- 1996-8744. ; 16, s. 13-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The precise building performance assessment of residential housings in subtropical regions is usually more difficult than that for the commercial premises due to the much more complicated behavior of the occupants with regard to the change in indoor temperature. The conventional use of a fixed schedule for window opening, clothing insulation and cooling equipment operation cannot reflect the real situation when the occupants respond to the change in thermal comfort, thus affecting the appropriateness of the assessment results. To rectify the situation, a new modeling strategy in which the modification of the various operation schedules was based on the calculated thermal comfort (TC), was developed in this study. With this new TC-based strategy, the realistic building performances under different cooling provision scenarios applied to a high-rise residential building under the near extreme weather conditions were investigated and compared. It was found that sole provision of ventilation fans could not meet the zone thermal comfort by over 68% of the time, and air-conditioning was essential. The optimal use of ventilation fans for cooling could only help reduce the total cooling energy demand by less than 12% at best which could only be realistically evaluated by adopting the present strategy. Parametric studies were conducted which revealed that some design factors could offer opportunities for reducing the total cooling energy under the near extreme weather conditions.
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| 7. |
- Goto, Yutaka, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Heat and moisture balance simulation of a building with vapor-open envelope system for subtropical regions
- 2012
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Ingår i: Building Simulation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1996-8744 .- 1996-3599. ; 5:4, s. 301-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global warming and the resource depletion induced discussions on sustainable developments within the construction sector. Also the rapid urbanization in subtropical regions is becoming one of the most important global issues. Appropriate measures must be taken in such developments to avoid further damage to the environment. In this study, the heat and moisture balance simulation of building with a sustainable building envelope system for subtropical climate was proposed. In the moisture balance simulation the moisture buffering by the interior materials was taken into account. The prediction of moisture buffer value (MBV) of the interior finishing materials was attempted and validated by measurements. Subsequently, the whole building calculation was carried out and the contribution of the moisture buffering to the indoor comfort and energy consumption was investigated. The MBVs of the mineral-based materials were predicted with high accuracy. However, that of wood-based composite was much higher than the experimental value. In order to create a more accurate model, nonlinear moisture conductance should be accounted when modeling wood-based materials. The heating and cooling demand of a test house was 9.4 kWh/m2 and 14.5 kWh/m2, respectively. It was concluded that the utilization of the building envelope system has a high potential to provide sustainable houses in subtropical regions. In order to enhance both energy efficiency and indoor comfort of buildings in subtropical regions, there still is a strong need to develop a holistic method to find the optimum building design considering not only moisture buffering but also all the relevant factors. The presented model will be validated by in-situ measurements in the near future.
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| 8. |
- Haghshenas, Samira, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-Objective Optimization of Impinging Jet Ventilation Systems: Taguchi Based CFD Method
- 2018
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Ingår i: Building Simulation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1996-3599 .- 1996-8744. ; 11:6, s. 1207-1214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a Taguchi method-based approach that can optimize the operating performance of impinging jet ventilation (IJV) systems with limited computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results. The Taguchi optimization calculation finds the best operating design for the weighted overall objective function as a presenter of the multi-objective function problem. The method is used to optimize the operating characteristics of an IJV system considering the factors of supply air temperature, level of the return air vent and percentage of the air exhausted through the ceiling to achieve an overall best performance of thermal comfort, indoor air quality (IAQ) and system energy performance as the objective functions. The study indicates the contribution percentage for each factor in each objective function. The level of the return air vent, the supply air temperature, and the percentage of air exhausted through the ceiling have a contribution of 35.8%, 28.5%, and 35.8% in the objective functions, respectively. Based on the results, the best performance of the IJV system happens when the inlet air temperature is 18 °C, the height of the return air vent is 2 m above the floor, and the percentage of air exhausted through the ceiling is 22.5%.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Li, Pin, et al.
(författare)
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CFD modeling of dynamic airflow and particle transmission in an aircraft lavatory
- 2023
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Ingår i: Building Simulation. - : Springer Nature. - 1996-3599 .- 1996-8744. ; 16:8, s. 1375-1390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lavatories are frequently used facilities, especially on long-haul flights. Flushing a vacuum toilet in a lavatory can induce strong airflow, produce aerosols in the toilet bowl, and resuspend deposited particles from the floor. However, the exact particle transport routes and the fates of particle after toilet flushing are unclear so far. This investigation used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to model the transient airflow and pollutant transport after a toilet flushing process in a lavatory of a commercial aircraft. The time-varying pressure profile measured in a laboratory was assigned to the drainage valve as boundary conditions. The aerosols generated inside the toilet bowl during flushing and the particles resuspended from the lavatory floor were used as particle sources. Lagrangian tracking of airborne particles in the lavatory was conducted. In addition, ammonia gas was used to examine odor perception. The multi-physics software program COMSOL 5.4 was employed for numerical solution after being validated. The results revealed that more than 70% of the generated particles in the toilet bowl are drained into sewage. A few particles may leak out of the toilet bowl and remain suspended in the air for more than five minutes when the toilet lid is open during flushing. Flushing the toilet with a closed lid can effectively reduce the particle leakage and the spread of odor gas, but it leads to greater deposition of particles on both the lid and seat. There is a slight inhalation exposure risk in the initial three minutes after flushing with a closed lid.
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| 11. |
- Liu, Wei, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling transient particle transport by fast fluid dynamics with the Markov chain method
- 2019
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Ingår i: Building Simulation. - : Springer. - 1996-3599 .- 1996-8744. ; , s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fast simulation tools for the prediction of transient particle transport are critical in designing the air distribution indoors to reduce the exposure to indoor particles and associated health risks. This investigation proposed a combined fast fluid dynamics (FFD) and Markov chain model for fast predicting transient particle transport indoors. The solver for FFD-Markov-chain model was programmed in OpenFOAM, an open-source CFD toolbox. This study used two cases from the literature to validate the developed model and found well agreement between the transient particle concentrations predicted by the FFD-Markov-chain model and the experimental data. This investigation further compared the FFD-Markov-chain model with the CFD-Eulerian model and CFD-Lagrangian model in terms of accuracy and efficiency. The accuracy of the FFD-Markov-chain model was similar to that of the other two models. For the two studied cases, the FFD-Markovchain model was 4.7 and 6.8 times faster, respectively, than the CFD-Eulerian model, and it was 137.4 and 53.3 times faster than the CFD-Lagrangian model in predicting the steady-state airflow and transient particle transport. Therefore, the FFD-Markov-chain model is able to greatly reduce the computing cost for predicting transient particle transport in indoor environments.
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| 12. |
- Lu, Liu, et al.
(författare)
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High-performance formaldehyde prediction for indoor air quality assessment using time series deep learning
- 2024
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Ingår i: Building Simulation. - : TSINGHUA UNIV PRESS. - 1996-3599 .- 1996-8744.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indoor air pollution resulting from volatile organic compounds (VOCs), especially formaldehyde, is a significant health concern needed to predict indoor formaldehyde concentration (Cf) in green intelligent building design. This study develops a thermal and wet coupling calculation model of porous fabric to account for the migration of formaldehyde molecules in indoor air and cotton, silk, and polyester fabric with heat flux in Harbin, Beijing, Xi'an, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Kunming, China. The time-by-time indoor dry-bulb temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and Cf, obtained from verified simulations, were collated and used as input data for the long short-term memory (LSTM) of the deep learning model that predicts indoor multivariate time series Cf from the secondary source effects of indoor fabrics (adsorption and release of formaldehyde). The trained LSTM model can be used to predict multivariate time series Cf at other emission times and locations. The LSTM-based model also predicted Cf with mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE) that fell within 10%, 10%, 0.5, 0.5, and 0.8, respectively. In addition, the characteristics of the input dataset, model parameters, the prediction accuracy of different indoor fabrics, and the uncertainty of the data set are analyzed. The results show that the prediction accuracy of single data set input is higher than that of temperature and humidity input, and the prediction accuracy of LSTM is better than recurrent neural network (RNN). The method's feasibility was established, and the study provides theoretical support for guiding indoor air pollution control measures and ensuring human health and safety.
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| 13. |
- Mangkuto, Rizki A., et al.
(författare)
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Modelling and simulation of virtual natural lighting solutions with complex views
- 2014
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Ingår i: Building Simulation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1996-3599 .- 1996-8744. ; 7:6, s. 563-578
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In situations where daylight is insufficiently available, Virtual Natural Lighting Solutions (VNLS) can be promising to turn currently unused floor space into spaces with enough daylight qualities. This article introduces VNLS models with complex image scenes pasted on a transparent glass surface in front of arrays of small, directional white light sources. The objectives are twofold: the first one is to understand the effect of changing input variables, i.e. beam angle, total luminous flux of the "sky" elements, and image scene itself, on the lighting performance of a reference office space. The second objective is to compare two techniques of modelling the view, i.e. transmissive and emissive approaches, using Radiance. Sensitivity analysis of the simulation results show that under every image scene, the total luminous flux of the "sky" element is largely influential to the space availability, whereas the beam angle of the "sky" element is largely influential to the other output variables, including discomfort glare. The findings lead to a suggestion of preferred elements in the image scene, to ensure large space availability and uniformity. The transmissive approach generally generates smaller values of space availability, and largely depends on the view elements of the image scene. In turn, the average probability of discomfort glare using the transmissive approach is smaller than that using the emissive approach.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Pan, Song, et al.
(författare)
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Cluster analysis for occupant-behavior based electricity load patterns in buildings : a case study in Shanghai residences
- 2017
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Ingår i: Building Simulation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1996-3599 .- 1996-8744. ; 10:6, s. 889-898
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In building performance simulation, occupant behavior contributes to large uncertainties, which often lead to considerable discrepancies between actual energy consumption and simulation results. This paper aims to extract occupant-behavior related electricity load patterns using classical K-means clustering approach at the initial investigation stage. Smart-metering data from a case study in Shanghai, China, was used for the load pattern analysis. The electricity load patterns of occupants were examined on a daily/weekly/seasonal basis. According to their load patterns, occupants were categorized as (a) white-collar workers, (b) poor or older families and (c) rich or young families. The daily patterns indicated that electricity use was much more random and fluctuated over a wide range. Most households of the monitored communities consumed relatively-low electricity; the characteristic double peak with higher level of consumption in the morning and evening were only apparent in a relatively small subset of residents (mostly white-collar workers). The weekly analysis found that significant load shifting towards weekend days occurred in the poor or old family group. The electricity saving potential was greatest in the white-collar workers and the rich or young family groups. This study concludes with recommendations to stakeholders utilizing our load profiling results. The research provides a rare insight into the electricity-use-related occupant behaviors of Shanghai residents through the case study of two communities. The findings of the study are also presented in a meaningful way so that they can directly aid the decision-making of governments and other stakeholders interested in energy efficiency. The research results are also relevant to the building energy simulation community as they are derived from observations, and thus can have the potential to improve the efficiency and accuracy of numerical simulation results.
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| 16. |
- Ronchi, Enrico, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling total evacuation strategies for high-rise buildings
- 2014
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Ingår i: Building Simulation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1996-8744 .- 1996-3599. ; 7:1, s. 73-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper focuses on the use of egress models to assess the optimal strategy in the case of total evacuation in high-rise buildings. The model case study consists of two identical twin towers linked with two sky-bridges at different heights. Each tower is a 50-floor office building. The use of either horizontal or vertical egress components or a combination of them is simulated. The egress components under consideration are stairs (either 2 or 3 stairs), occupant evacuation elevators, service elevators (available or not for the evacuation of the occupants), transfer floors and sky-bridges. Seven different evacuation strategies have been tested which consider the total evacuation of a single tower. The evacuation scenarios have been simulated with a continuous spatial representation evacuation model (Pathfinder). In order to perform a cross validation of the model results, two strategies involving the evacuation using stairs or occupant evacuation elevators have also been simulated using a fine network model (STEPS). Results refer to the analysis of total evacuation times. The simulation work highlights the assumptions required to represent the possible behaviours of the occupants in order to qualitatively rank the strategies. The lowest evacuation times are obtained simulating strategies involving the sole use of occupant evacuation elevators and the combined use of transfer floors and sky-bridges. This study suggests that the effectiveness of evacuation strategies involving the combination of stairs and elevators significantly decreases in high-rise buildings if they are not combined with appropriate messaging/signage to guide occupants in their behaviours.
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| 17. |
- Soleimani-Mohseni, Mohsen, et al.
(författare)
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Energy simulation for a high-rise building using IDA ICE : investigations in different climates
- 2016
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Ingår i: Building Simulation. - Beijing : Tsinghua University Press. - 1996-3599 .- 1996-8744. ; 9:6, s. 629-640
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper a model of a high-rise building is constructed in the simulation program IDA ICE. The model is based on an IFC-model of a demonstration building constructed in Ljubljana, Slovenia, as part of an EU-project, EE-high-rise. The model's energy performance was simulated for four cities: Umeå (Scandinavia), Ljubljana (Central Europe), Sibenik (Mediterranean) and Dubai (The Persian Gulf). Furthermore, the climate envelope of the building was modified with the aim to improve the model's energy performance in each of the regions. The results were evaluated according to the energy requirements of passive house standard by the German Passive House Institute. The analysis suggests that the reference building model, which itself incorporates several energy efficient components, was unable to meet the German passive house standard in none of the four cities (Umeå, Ljubljana, Sibenik and Dubai) studied. By providing a combination of energy saving measures, such as modifications of thermal resistance of building envelope, the building may be able to meet the passive house standard in Ljubljana. The analysis concludes that the reduction in window area results in reduction of both heating and cooling demand. Increase in the thickness of the insulation and the thermal resistance of windows reduces the space heating demand for Umeå, Ljubljana and Sibenik (not applied for Dubai) while increasing the cooling demand for these cities. Increased airtightness has marginal effect on heating and cooling demand for all investigated cities. Reduced thermal resistance of windows will decrease cooling demand for Ljubljana, Sibenik and Dubai (not applied for Umeå). Reduced insulation thickness (not applied for Umeå) will decrease cooling demand for Ljubljana and Sibenik but not for Dubai. Reducing the insulation thickness may often result in reduced cooling demand for moderately warm countries since the average outdoor temperature could be lower than the indoor temperature during part of the cooling season. In those situations a reduced insulation thickness can cause heat flow from the relatively hot inside to the colder outside. However, for hot climates like in Dubai where outdoor temperature is higher than the indoor temperature for most of the year, reducing the insulation thickness will increase the cooling demand. This result suggests that the insulation thickness must be chosen and optimized based on heating and cooling demand, internal heat gain, and outdoor climate
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| 18. |
- Wang, Yukun, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation study of the purification system for indoor oil mist control in machining factories
- 2023
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Ingår i: Building Simulation. - : Springer Nature. - 1996-3599 .- 1996-8744. ; 16:8, s. 1361-1374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-concentration oil mists can cause serious health problems to workers, which are generally mitigated by ventilation and purification systems. However, the coupling relationship between these systems is not clear. In this study, the effects of purifier outlet direction, purification air volume, installation height, and purification efficiency on indoor oil mist distribution were investigated by numerical simulation using an actual machining factory. The mitigation of oil mist in various combinations of ventilation and purification systems was also discussed. The results show that the outlet direction of the purifier has a great influence on the distribution of oil mist in the factory, and the maximum difference of oil mist concentration in the breathing zone under different orientations is 17%. The best purifier outlet direction is vertically upward. When the purifier outlet direction is upward, a larger purification air volume is beneficial for contaminant removal, and a lower purifier exhaust installation height is helpful for oil mist discharge from the bottom of the factory and reducing the concentration of oil mist in the breathing area. The oil mist concentration of purifier exhaust increases from 0 to 2 mg/m3 and the oil mist concentration in the breathing zone increases by 67%. The combined system of purification system with the roof exhaust system and displacement ventilation system has the optimal pollution removal efficiency and the lowest concentration of oil mist in the breathing zone compared to other systems. The research results can provide a reference for the design, installation, and operation of ventilation and purification systems in machining factories.
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| 19. |
- Williams Portal, Natalie, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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The multiphysics modeling of heat and moisture induced stress and strain of historic building materials and artefacts
- 2014
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Ingår i: Building Simulation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1996-8744 .- 1996-3599. ; 7:3, s. 217-227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The basic structure of historic sites and their associated interior artefacts can be damaged or even destroyed by climate change. The evaluation of combined heat and moisture induced stress and strain (HMSS) can predict possible damage-related processes. In this paper, the development of one- and two-dimensional HMSS models of building materials and artefacts in COMSOL Multiphysics Version 4, a commercial finite element software, is presented. The validation of the numerical models is revealed using analytical, numerical and experimental solutions. As a result, the HMSS model was shown to be an adequate predictive tool to determine possible damage-related processes in building assemblies and artefacts.
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| 20. |
- Zheng, S., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation and comparison of various fast fluid dynamics modeling methods for predicting airflow around buildings
- 2022
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Ingår i: Building Simulation. - : Springer Nature. - 1996-3599 .- 1996-8744. ; 15:6, s. 1083-1095
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods are being increasingly used for predicting airflow fields around buildings, but personal computers can still take tens of hours to create a single design using traditional computing models. Considering both accuracy and efficiency, this study compared the performances of the conventional algorithm PIMPLE, fast fluid dynamics (FFD), semi-Lagrangian PISO (SLPISO), and implicit fast fluid dynamics (IFFD) in OpenFOAM for simulating wind flow around buildings. The effects of calculation parameters, including grid resolution, discrete-time step, and calculation time for these methods are analyzed. The results of the simulations are compared with wind tunnel tests. It is found that IFFD and FFD have the fastest calculation speeds, but also have the largest discrepancies with test data. The PIMPLE algorithm has the highest accuracy, but with the slowest calculation speed. The calculation speeds of the FFD, SLPISO, and IFFD models are 6.3, 3 and 13.3 times faster than the PIMPLE model, respectively. The calculation accuracy and speed of the SLPISO model are in between those of the IFFD, FFD and PIMPLE models. An appropriate algorithm for a project may be chosen based on the requirements of the project.
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| 21. |
- Deng, Zhang, et al.
(författare)
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Using urban building energy modeling to quantify the energy performance of residential buildings under climate change
- 2023
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Ingår i: Building Simulation. - 1996-3599. ; 16:9, s. 1629-1643
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The building sector is facing a challenge in achieving carbon neutrality due to climate change and urbanization. Urban building energy modeling (UBEM) is an effective method to understand the energy use of building stocks at an urban scale and evaluate retrofit scenarios against future weather variations, supporting the implementation of carbon emission reduction policies. Currently, most studies focus on the energy performance of archetype buildings under climate change, which is hard to obtain refined results for individual buildings when scaling up to an urban area. Therefore, this study integrates future weather data with an UBEM approach to assess the impacts of climate change on the energy performance of urban areas, by taking two urban neighborhoods comprising 483 buildings in Geneva, Switzerland as case studies. In this regard, GIS datasets and Swiss building norms were collected to develop an archetype library. The building heating energy consumption was calculated by the UBEM tool-AutoBPS, which was then calibrated against annual metered data. A rapid UBEM calibration method was applied to achieve a percentage error of 2.7%. The calibrated models were then used to assess the impacts of climate change using four future weather datasets out of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5). The results showed a decrease of 22%-31% and 21%-29% for heating energy consumption, an increase of 113%-173% and 95%-144% for cooling energy consumption in the two neighborhoods by 2050. The average annual heating intensity dropped from 81 kWh/m 2 in the current typical climate to 57 kWh/m 2 in the SSP5-8.5, while the cooling intensity rose from 12 kWh/m 2 to 32 kWh/m 2. The overall envelope system upgrade reduced the average heating and cooling energy consumption by 41.7% and 18.6%, respectively, in the SSP scenarios. The spatial and temporal distribution of energy consumption change can provide valuable information for future urban energy planning against climate change.
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