| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Lumbers, R. T., et al.
(författare)
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The genomics of heart failure: design and rationale of the HERMES consortium
- 2021
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Ingår i: Esc Heart Failure. - : Wiley. - 2055-5822. ; 8:6, s. 5531-5541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims The HERMES (HEart failure Molecular Epidemiology for Therapeutic targets) consortium aims to identify the genomic and molecular basis of heart failure. Methods and results The consortium currently includes 51 studies from 11 countries, including 68 157 heart failure cases and 949 888 controls, with data on heart failure events and prognosis. All studies collected biological samples and performed genome-wide genotyping of common genetic variants. The enrolment of subjects into participating studies ranged from 1948 to the present day, and the median follow-up following heart failure diagnosis ranged from 2 to 116 months. Forty-nine of 51 individual studies enrolled participants of both sexes; in these studies, participants with heart failure were predominantly male (34-90%). The mean age at diagnosis or ascertainment across all studies ranged from 54 to 84 years. Based on the aggregate sample, we estimated 80% power to genetic variant associations with risk of heart failure with an odds ratio of >1.10 for common variants (allele frequency > 0.05) and >1.20 for low-frequency variants (allele frequency 0.01-0.05) at P < 5 x 10(-8) under an additive genetic model. Conclusions HERMES is a global collaboration aiming to (i) identify the genetic determinants of heart failure; (ii) generate insights into the causal pathways leading to heart failure and enable genetic approaches to target prioritization; and (iii) develop genomic tools for disease stratification and risk prediction.
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| 3. |
- Shah, S, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association and Mendelian randomisation analysis provide insights into the pathogenesis of heart failure
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1, s. 163-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A small proportion of HF cases are attributable to monogenic cardiomyopathies and existing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have yielded only limited insights, leaving the observed heritability of HF largely unexplained. We report results from a GWAS meta-analysis of HF comprising 47,309 cases and 930,014 controls. Twelve independent variants at 11 genomic loci are associated with HF, all of which demonstrate one or more associations with coronary artery disease (CAD), atrial fibrillation, or reduced left ventricular function, suggesting shared genetic aetiology. Functional analysis of non-CAD-associated loci implicate genes involved in cardiac development (MYOZ1, SYNPO2L), protein homoeostasis (BAG3), and cellular senescence (CDKN1A). Mendelian randomisation analysis supports causal roles for several HF risk factors, and demonstrates CAD-independent effects for atrial fibrillation, body mass index, and hypertension. These findings extend our knowledge of the pathways underlying HF and may inform new therapeutic strategies.
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| 4. |
- Thacher, Jesse D., et al.
(författare)
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Occupational noise exposure and risk of incident stroke: a pooled study of five Scandinavian cohorts
- 2022
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Ingår i: OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 79:9, s. 594-601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To investigate the association between occupational noise exposure and stroke incidence in a pooled study of five Scandinavian cohorts (NordSOUND). Methods We pooled and harmonised data from five Scandinavian cohorts resulting in 78 389 participants. We obtained job data from national registries or questionnaires and recoded these to match a job-exposure matrix developed in Sweden, which specified the annual average daily noise exposure in five exposure classes (L-Aeq8h): <70, 70-74, 75-79, 80-84, >= 85 dB(A). We identified residential address history and estimated 1-year average road traffic noise at baseline. Using national patient and mortality registers, we identified 7777 stroke cases with a median follow-up of 20.2 years. Analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for individual and area-level potential confounders. Results Exposure to occupational noise at baseline was not associated with overall stroke in the fully adjusted models. For ischaemic stroke, occupational noise was associated with HRs (95% CI) of 1.08 (0.98 to 1.20), 1.09 (0.97 to 1.24) and 1.06 (0.92 to 1.21) in the 75-79, 80-84 and >= 85 dB(A) exposure groups, compared with <70 dB(A), respectively. In subanalyses using time-varying occupational noise exposure, we observed an indication of higher stroke risk among the most exposed (>= 85 dB(A)), particularly when restricting analyses to people exposed to occupational noise within the last year (HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.63). Conclusions We found no association between occupational noise and risk of overall stroke after adjustment for confounders. However, the non-significantly increased risk of ischaemic stroke warrants further investigation.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Photon energy influence on valence photoelectron spectra of silver clusters
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics, Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 388:15, s. 152028-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silver clusters in the size range of ∼102 constituent atoms have been studied using photoelectron spec-troscopy. The 5s and 4d valence bands have been probed with 40 and 60.5 eV photon energies. Differences in the valence band spectral features have been observed and are discussed in view of earlier results on copper clusters and in terms of differences in mean free path for electrons of different energies.
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| 6. |
- Brandhorst, Heide, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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A new oxygen carrier for improved long-term storage of human pancreata before islet isolation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Transplantation. - 0041-1337 .- 1534-6080. ; 89:2, s. 155-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Pancreas oxygenation during cold storage has been established in islet isolation and transplantation to prevent ischemic tissue damage using perfluorodecalin (PFD) as hyperoxygen carrier. However, studies in humans and pigs provided conflicting results about the efficiency of PFD for pancreas oxygenation. The aim of this study was to compare PFD with a newly developed oxygen carrier composed of perfluorohexyloctane and polydimethylsiloxane 5 (F6H8S5) for long-term storage of human pancreata.METHODS: After 24-hr storage in preoxygenated PFD or F6H8S5, pancreata were processed using Liberase HI for pancreas dissociation and a Ficoll gradient for islet purification. Islet quality assessment was performed measuring glucose-stimulated insulin release, viability, islet ATP content, and posttransplant function in diabetic nude mice.RESULTS: Compared with PFD, F6H8S5 significantly increased the intrapancreatic partial oxygen pressure and islet ATP content. This corresponded to an increase of islet yield, recovery after culture, glucose stimulation index, viability, and improved graft function in diabetic nude mice.CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicate clearly that F6H8S5 improves isolation outcome after prolonged ischemia compared with PFD. This observation seems to be related to the significant lipophilicity and almost pancreas-specific density of F6H8S5. Moreover, these characteristics facilitate pancreas shipment without using custom-made transport vessels as required for PFD.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Carlsen, Hanne Krage, et al.
(författare)
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Incident cardiovascular disease and long-term exposure to source-specific air pollutants in a Swedish cohort
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Air pollution is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but its role in the development of congestive heart failure (CHF) and the role of different pollution sources in cardiovascular disease remain uncertain. Methods: Participants were enrolled in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort in 1991–1996 with information on lifestyle and clinical indicators of cardiovascular disease. The cohort participants were followed through registers until 2016. Annual total and local source-specific concentrations of particulate matter less than 10 μm and 2.5 μm (PM10 and PM2.5), black carbon (BC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from traffic, residential heating, and industry were assigned to each participant's address throughout the study period. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for possible confounders was used to estimate associations between air pollution 1–5 years prior to outcomes of incident CHF, fatal myocardial infarction (MI), major adverse coronary events (MACE), and ischemic stroke. Results: Air pollution exposure levels (mean annual exposures to PM2.5 of 11 μg/m3 and NOx of 26 μg/m3) within the cohort were moderate in terms of environmental standards. After adjusting for confounders, we observed statistically significant associations between NOx and CHF (hazard ratio [HR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.22) and NOx and fatal MI (HR 1.10, 95%CI 1.01–1.20) per interquartile range (IQR) of 9.6 μg/m3. In fully adjusted models, the estimates were similar, but the precision worse. In stratified analyses, the associations were stronger in males, ever-smokers, older participants, and those with baseline carotid artery plaques. Locally emitted and traffic-related air pollutants generally showed positive associations with CHF and fatal MI. There were no associations between air pollution and MACE or stroke. Discussion/conclusion: In an area with low to moderate air pollution exposure, we observed significant associations of long-term residential NOx with increased risk of incident CHF and fatal MI, but not with coronary events and stroke. © 2022
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Nived, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Adherence with advice and prescriptions in SLE is mostly good, but better follow up is needed: A study with a questionnaire.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Lupus. - : SAGE Publications. - 0961-2033 .- 1477-0962. ; 16:9, s. 701-706
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of the information policy given to all systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. One hundred consecutive SLE patients were asked to answer anonymously a questionnaire covering demographic issues including education, adherence with prescriptions and advice given and methods of sourcing information. Seventy-three females and ten males responded. The demographic data showed that 34 had a university education, 29 high school and 19 primary school education. An inability to work due to disease was increased compared with the matched population (P < 0.001). Forty-two reported that they had received advice about physical training and forty of them followed this advice. Only 28 out of 46 smokers reported that they had got any advice about smoking, and out of these only 13 followed the advice. The patients with university background were less likely to smoke (P < 0.05) and followed the advice more often (P < 0.05). Most patients followed given advice about exposure to sunlight. Thirty-five percent of those prescribed glucocorticoids reported that they varied from the prescribed dosages without consultation with their specialist. This behaviour was more common in the university group (P < 0.05), this grouping also had a higher median dosage. Seventy-three patients had read the booklet about SLE provided by the clinic. Accessing internet information was more common for those with university education (P < 0.01). This study shows that on the whole SLE patients follow given advice, but adherence varies. Aside from the issue of glucocorticoid dosage adherence, educational level seems to be the most important predictor for adherence to advice. Thus, we conclude that a more individualized approach to delivery of information is required and better follow up is needed.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Sameera, W. M. C., et al.
(författare)
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CH3O Radical Binding on Hexagonal Water Ice and Amorphous Solid Water
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 125:1, s. 387-393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Binding energies of the CH3O radical on hexagonal water ice (I-h) and amorphous solid water (ASW) were calculated using the ONIOM(QM:MM) method. A range of binding energies is found (0.10-0.50 eV), and the average binding energy is 0.32 eV. The CH3O radical binding on the ASW surfaces is stronger than on the I-h surfaces. The computed binding energies from the ONIOM(wB97X-D/def2-TZVP:AMBER) and wB97X-D/def2-TZVP methods agree quite well. Therefore, the ONIOM(QM:MM) method is expected to give accurate binding energies at a low computational cost. Binding energies from the ONIOM(wB97X-D/def2-TZVP:AMBER) and ONIOM(wB97X-D/def2-TZVP:AMOE-BA09) methods differ noticeably, indicating that the choice of force field matters. According to the energy decomposition analysis, the electrostatic interactions and Pauli repulsions between the CH3O radical and ice play a crucial role in the binding energy. This study gives quantitative insights into the CH3O radical binding on interstellar ices.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Tchaplyguine, Maxim, et al.
(författare)
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Size-dependent evolution of electronic structure in neutral Pb clusters-As seen by synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier BV. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 195, s. 55-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neutral Pb clusters in the size range from a few tens of atoms up to similar to 100 atoms are studied using synchrotron-based photoelectron spectroscopy. The electronic structure is seen to differ increasingly from that of the solid when the cluster size decreases. The valence band narrows gradually - down to about one fifth of the solid-state band width at the smallest size of few tens of atoms. Simultaneously the Fermi-edge energy shifts further away from the solid value by more than 2 eV. The Pb 5d core level binding energy also increases and the spectral features broaden and change in shape. The changes observed for the valence and for the 5d response energies and shapes are discussed in the context of the metal-to-insulator transition observed earlier in Pb clusters below the critical size of 20-30 atoms/cluster. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 18. |
- Tchaplyguine, Maxim, et al.
(författare)
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What one can learn about clusters using the unique tools of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics, Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 388:15, s. 152025-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This presentation is intended to illustrate various types of collisional processes relevant for free clusters probed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using our own examples ranging from free-electron-metal clusters, through half-metal and semiconductor clusters to dielectrics, the latter from van-der-Waals to ionic clusters.
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| 19. |
- Vesela, Renata, et al.
(författare)
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Coupled Nitric Oxide and Autonomic Receptor Functional Responses in the Normal and Inflamed Urinary Bladder of the Rat
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physiological Research. - 0862-8408. ; 61:4, s. 371-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Both divisions of the autonomic nervous system are involved in regulation of urinary bladder function. Several substances, other than noradrenaline and acetylcholine, seem to play important roles in physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract. In the current study, we aimed to examine if there exist interplays between nitric oxide (NO) and autonomic transmitters and if such interactions vary in different parts of the urinary bladder in healthy and cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitic rats; when administered to the animals (100 mg/kg; i.p.), the cytotoxic CYP metabolite acrolein induces bladder inflammation. In the current study a series of in vitro functional studies were performed on detrusor muscle strip preparations. Stimulation with electrical field stimulation (EFS), methacholine, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), and adrenaline evoked contractile responses in isolated bladder preparations that were significantly reduced in cyclophosphamide (CYP)-treated rats. While the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N-omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA; 10(-4) M) did not affect contractile responses in normal, healthy strip preparations, it significantly increased the contractile responses to EFS, methacholine and adrenaline, but not to ATP, in the bladders from the CYP-treated rats. In the CYP-treated rats, the ATP-evoked relaxatory part of its dual response (an initial contraction followed by a relaxation) was 6-fold increased in comparison with that of normal preparations, whereas the isoprenaline relaxation was halved in the CYP-treated. While L-NNA (10(-4) M) had no effect on the isoprenaline-evoked relaxations, it reduced the ATP-evoked relaxations in strip preparations from the bladder body of CYP-treated rats. Stimulation of beta(2)- and beta(3)-adrenoceptors evoked relaxations and both responses were reduced in cystitis, the latter to a larger extent. In the trigone, the reduced ATP-evoked contractile response in the inflamed strips was increased by L-NNA, while L-NNA had no effect on the ATP-evoked relaxations, neither on the relaxations in healthy nor on the larger relaxations in the inflamed trigone. The study shows that both contractile and relaxatory functions are altered in the state of inflammation. The parasympathetic nerve-mediated contractions of the body of the bladder, evoked by the release of ATP and acetylcholine, were substantially reduced in cystitis. The relaxations to p-adrenoceptor and purinoceptor stimulation were also reduced but only the ATP-evoked relaxation involved NO.
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| 20. |
- Westermark, Gunilla T., et al.
(författare)
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Further Evidence for Amyloid Deposition in Clinical Pancreatic Islet Grafts
- 2012
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Ingår i: Transplantation. - 0041-1337 .- 1534-6080. ; 93:2, s. 219-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The reasons for the long-term complete or partial loss of islet graft function are unknown, but there are obviously other reasons than just pure allogeneic graft rejection. Earlier studies have shown that deposition of islet amyloid polypeptide amyloid in transplanted islets may indicate a mechanism for loss of β cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sections from liver material from four deceased islet-bearing recipients have been scrutinized for the presence of amyloid. Clinical data and certain aspects of the islet graft pathology of these patients have been published previously. RESULT: With this extended histological analysis, we demonstrate the occurrence of amyloid deposits in islets transplanted into the liver in three of four patients with type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSION: The finding adds evidence to the assumption that aggregation of islet amyloid polypeptide might be an important cause of progressing β-cell dysfunction in clinically transplanted islets.
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| 21. |
- Öhrwall, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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A new energy and angle resolving electron spectrometer - First results
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. - : Elsevier BV. - 0368-2048 .- 1873-2526. ; 183:1-3, s. 125-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new energy and angle resolved analyzer for photoelectron spectroscopy is described. This analyzer is based on combining an advanced focusing electron lens system with time-of-flight measurements. A position sensitive detector gives time and position for the electron events. From this information the kinetic energy and start direction are obtained through a transformation procedure, giving both a large luminosity and a very high energy resolution. The instrument analyses the angles of emission of the electrons in a cone with 30 degrees opening angle and simulations show that extremely high energy and angular resolution can be achieved simultaneously. We report the first results from this instrument, obtained at the PM-3 beam line at BESSY (Berlin, Germany). This analyzer opens up new possibilities for angular resolved electron spectroscopy, band-mapping and other applications.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Andersson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Ambio fit for the 2020s
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Nature. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 51:5, s. 1091-1093
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 25. |
- Andersson, Eva M., et al.
(författare)
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Is cadmium a risk factor for breast cancer - Results from a nested case-control study using data from the malmö diet and cancer study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention. - 1055-9965. ; 30:9, s. 1744-1752
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Some studies have shown that cadmium (Cd) is associated with breast cancer risk. One hypothesis is that Cd has estrogen-like properties. This case-control study investigated the association between breast cancer risk and blood Cd (BCd) levels. Methods: All breast cancers in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort were identified through linkage to the Swedish Cancer Registry, baseline (1991-1996) through 2014. Two controls per case were selected from the same cohort. BCd was analyzed at baseline. Associations were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: Mean BCd was 0.51 mg/L among 1, 274 cases and 0.46 among 2, 572 controls. There was an overall increased risk of breast cancer [OR, 1.18; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-1.36] per mg/L of BCd. An increased risk was, however, only found at high BCd [OR, 1.34 (95% CI, 1.05-1.73)] for BCd more than 1.20 mg/L. The group with the highest BCd was mainly smokers. A spline indicated that at BCd less than 1.0 mg/L, the OR was not increased. The association with BCd was stronger in current smokers and at body mass index (BMI) above 25, while no modification due to receptor status was found. Conclusions: The results indicated increased risk of breast cancer only for high Cd exposure, which occurred mainly among smokers. This made it difficult to disentangle the effects of smoking and Cd, despite inclusion of smoking habits in the models. Impact: This study provides support for reducing Cd exposure through smoking cessation and dietary choice. On the population level, preventive measures against Cd pollution are warranted.
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| 26. |
- Andersson, Eva M., 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Partial Mediation by Cadmium Exposure of the Association Between Tobacco Smoking and Atherosclerotic Plaques in the Carotid Artery
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 187:4, s. 806-816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure to cadmium confers increased cardiovascular risk. Tobacco smoke contains cadmium, which, hypothetically, may mediate parts of the tobacco-associated risk of developing atherosclerotic plaques. Baseline data from the Swedish Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort (1991-1996) were used to test this hypothesis. Mediation analysis was used to examine associations between smoking and blood cadmium levels and the prevalence of ultrasound-assessed carotid atherosclerotic plaques. The total association with smoking status (never smokers, 2 categories of former smokers, and current smokers) was split into direct and indirect association, and the proportion mediated was estimated. The adjusted estimated plaque prevalence was approximately 27% among never smokers. We identified both a direct and an indirect pathway between smoking and carotid plaques; the indirect association, through cadmium, was observed among current smokers and former smokers who had quit smoking less than 15 years before. For current smokers, the prevalence ratio for plaque was 1.5, with 60%-65% of the association with smoking being mediated through cadmium. Recent former smokers had a prevalence ratio of 1.3, and 40%-45% was mediated through cadmium. Long-time former smokers had a prevalence ratio of 1.2, but none of the association was mediated through cadmium. In conclusion, about two-thirds of the proatherosclerotic association with smoking was mediated by cadmium.
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| 27. |
- Andersson, Gunnar, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Social differentials in speed-premium effects in childbearing in Sweden
- 2006
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Ingår i: Demographic Research. - 1435-9871. ; 14:4, s. 51-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, parents receive a parental-leave allowance of a high percentage (currently 80%) of their pre-birth salary for about a year in connection with any birth. If they space their births sufficiently closely, they avoid a reduction in the allowance caused by any reduced income earned between the births. The gain is popularly called a “speed premium”. In previous work we have shown that childbearing was sped up correspondingly. This is clear evidence of a causal effect of a policy change on childbearing behavior. In the present paper, we study how this change in behavior was adopted in various social strata of the Swedish population.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Andersson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Low symptomatic load in Crohn's disease with surgery and medicine as complementary treatments
- 1998
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 33:4, s. 423-429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The treatment of Crohn's disease has changed owing to the recognition of its chronicity. Medical maintenance treatment and limited resections have evolved as major concepts of management, regarded as complementary, and both aim at reducing the symptoms.Methods: We investigated the symptomatic load in Crohn's disease as reflected in a cross-sectional study of the symptom index, physicians' assessment, and the patients' perception of health. A cohort of 212 patients from the primary catchment area and 125 referred patients were studied.Results: Of catchment area patients, 83% were receiving medication, and the annual rate of abdominal surgery was 5.7%. Corresponding figures for the referred patients were 82% and 10.3%. According to the symptom index, 87% of catchment area patients were in remission or had only mild symptoms; according to the physicians' assessment, 90% were. The patients' median perception of health was 90% of perfect health according to the visual analogue scale. The figures were similar for referred patients, except that referrals were considered more diseased by the physician.Conclusion: The great majority of patients with Crohn's disease are able to live in remission or experience only mild symptoms.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Andersson, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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The association between longer relative leukocyte telomere length and risk of glioma is independent of the potentially confounding factors allergy, BMI, and smoking
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 30:2, s. 177-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Previous studies have suggested an association between relative leukocyte telomere length (rLTL) and glioma risk. This association may be influenced by several factors, including allergies, BMI, and smoking. Previous studies have shown that individuals with asthma and allergy have shortened relative telomere length, and decreased risk of glioma. Though, the details and the interplay between rLTL, asthma and allergies, and glioma molecular phenotype is largely unknown. Methods: rLTL was measured by qPCR in a Swedish population-based glioma case–control cohort (421 cases and 671 controls). rLTL was related to glioma risk and health parameters associated with asthma and allergy, as well as molecular events in glioma including IDH1 mutation, 1p/19q co-deletion, and EGFR amplification. Results: Longer rLTL was associated with increased risk of glioma (OR = 1.16; 95% CI 1.02–1.31). Similar to previous reports, there was an inverse association between allergy and glioma risk. Specific, allergy symptoms including watery eyes was most strongly associated with glioma risk. High body mass index (BMI) a year prior diagnosis was significantly protective against glioma in our population. Adjusting for allergy, asthma, BMI, and smoking did not markedly change the association between longer rLTL and glioma risk. rLTL among cases was not associated with IDH1 mutation, 1p/19q co-deletion, or EGFR amplification, after adjusting for age at diagnosis and sex. Conclusions: In this Swedish glioma case–control cohort, we identified that long rLTL increases the risk of glioma, an association not confounded by allergy, BMI, or smoking. This highlights the complex interplay of the immune system, rLTL and cancer risk.
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| 38. |
- Barregård, Lars, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Cadmium Exposure and Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study of Swedish Middle-Aged Adults
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental health perspectives. - 1552-9924 .- 0091-6765. ; 129:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The general population is ubiquitously exposed to the toxic metal cadmium through the diet and smoking. Cadmium exposure is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in myocardial infarction and stroke. Atherosclerosis is the main underlying mechanism of myocardial infarction. However, associations between cadmium and coronary artery atherosclerosis have not been examined.Our study sought to examine the hypothesis that blood cadmium (B-Cd) is positively associated with coronary artery calcification, as a measure of coronary artery atherosclerosis in the population-based Swedish SCAPIS study.Our analysis included 5,627 individuals (51% women), age 50-64 y, enrolled from 2013 to 2018. The coronary artery calcium score (CACS) was obtained from computed tomography. Blood cadmium was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Associations between B-Cd and coronary artery calcium score (CACS Agatston score) were evaluated using prevalence ratios (PRs) in models adjusted for sex, age, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, low-density cholesterol/high-density cholesterol ratio, and family history.The median B-Cd concentration was 0.24 μ g / L . The prevalence of positive coronary artery calcium ( CACS > 0 ) was 41% and the prevalence of CACS ≥ 100 was 13%. Relative to the lowest quartile (Q) of B-Cd ( < 0.16 μ g / L ), the highest quartile (median 0.63 μ g / L ) was associated with a small but significant increase in CACS > 0 (PR 1.1; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.3), and a greater relative increase in CACS ≥ 100 (PR 1.6; 95% CI: 1.3, 2.0). When restricted to 2,446 never-smokers, corresponding PRs were 1.1 (95% CI 0.9, 1.3) for CACS > 0 (63 cases in Q4) and 1.7 (95% CI 1.1, 2.7) for CACS ≥ 100 (17 cases in Q4).Blood cadmium in the highest quartile was associated with CACS in a general population sample with low to moderate cadmium exposure. This supports the hypothesis that atherosclerosis is an important mechanism underlying the associations between cadmium and incident cardiovascular disease. The findings suggest that public health measures to reduce cadmium exposure are warranted. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8523.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Bergman, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of theoretical and empirical experineces from nutrient and cyprinid reductions in Lake Ringsjön
- 1999
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Ingår i: Hydrobiologia. - 0018-8158. ; 404, s. 145-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reduction in external phosphorus load to Lake Ringsjön during the 1980s, did not result in improved water transparency during the following ten-year period. Furthermore, a fish-kill in the Eastern Basin of the lake, in addition to a cyprinid reduction programme (biomanipulation; 1988–1992), in contrast to theory, did not lead to any increase in zooplankton biomass or size. This absence of response in the pelagic food chain may have been attributed to the increase in abundance of YOY (0+) fish, following the fish reduction programme. Despite the lack of effect on zooplankton, there was a decrease in phytoplankton biomass, a change in species composition and an increase in water transparency following biomanipulation. In 1989, one year after the fish-kill in Eastern Basin, the Secchi depth (summer mean) increased from 60 cm to 110 cm. In the following years, water transparency increased further, despite an increase in phosphorus loading. An unexpected effect of the biomanipulation was an increase in benthic invertebrate and staging waterfowl abundances, which occurred 2–4 years after fish reduction. Hence, the response in the benthic community following biomanipulation was considerably stronger than in the pelagic community. A likely explanation is that reduction in abundance of the benthic feeding fish species bream (Abramis brama), strongly affected the benthic invertebrate fauna. In this paper, we present what we believe happened in Lake Ringsjön, and which processes are likely to have been important at various stages of the restoration process.
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| 41. |
- Bin Asad, S M Sayeed, et al.
(författare)
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A Review of Particle Image Velocimetry for Fish Migration
- 2016
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Ingår i: World Journal of Mechanics. - : Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.. - 2160-049X .- 2160-0503. ; 6:4, s. 131-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the flow characteristic in fishways is crucial for efficient fish migration. Flow characteristic measurements can generally provide quantitative information of velocity distributions in such passages; Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) has become one of the most versatile techniques to disclose flow fields in general and in fishways, in particular. This paper firstly gives an overview of fish migration along with fish ladders and then the application of PIV measurements on the fish migration process. The overview shows that the quantitative and detailed turbulent flow information in fish ladders obtained by PIV is critical for analyzing turbulent properties andvalidating numerical results.
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| 42. |
- Bin Asad, S M Sayeed, 1985-
(författare)
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Laser Based Flow Measurements to Evaluate Hydraulic Conditions for Migrating Fish and Benthic Fauna
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hydropower is one of the main sources for Sweden’s energy, which is clean and renewable. It is a clean energy source because no fuels are burned which does not pollute the air and it is a renewable energy source as it only uses natural water cycle for generating energy. However, hydropower has some consequences in nature, such as creating dams in rivers and changing water flow directions, which alters the natural behaviour of the river. These problems are mostly studied from a biological point of view but more detailed studies are required from a fundamental fluid mechanics point of view. For instance, fish migrates when an ecological imbalance is created and one of the reasons for this imbalance is having dams for hydropower that alter the natural flow of the river. This flow alteration of the river flow has other environmental effects such as flow alteration changes benthic (bottom) structure of the riverbed or stream that affects the fish and invertebrates. Fishes, as well as invertebrates, are adapted for different flows and habitats but flow alteration affects their life cycles. Therefore, flow measurements when the flow is altered due to the hydropower are one of the important issues concerning environmental problems. These flow measurements in the lab scale can increase the understanding of what happens in a river when the flow is altered.Flow characteristic measurements can provide quantitative information on the velocity distribution in the altered flow. Recent studies suggest that turbulence created due to flow alteration has a major effect on fish migration, for example, attracting fishes to enter fishway. This is why obtaining flow information from well-defined turbulent flows, such as flow past cylindrical objects is one of the prime objectives of work. However, flow alteration due to the dam for hydropower production has a significant environmental effect on the river ecosystem. Lotic species often adapt to prevailing flow conditions; and as a crude example, two species of caddis larvae: Hydropsyche instabilis and Plectrocnemia conspersa respectively are found to thrive on fast and slow-moving water flows. For some instances, changes in river velocity may merely mean the relocation of one species whilst the flourishing of another. Therefore, flow measurement in stones embedded riverbed in lab scale is another important objective of this work.Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) have become the most popular and promising techniques for these types of non-contact flow measurements. PIV techniques are used to visualize and measure the flow characteristic in a selected area while LDV techniques are suited for point-based measurement. The works included in this thesis are reviewing PIV techniques previously used in fish movement related studies, LDV measurements both at upstream (bow wake) and downstream wake of vertical cylindrical obstructions, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to supplement wake information and PIV measurements over the horizontal semicircular cylinders to explore wall shear stress. Apart from this, flow visualization was also included in this work. The results from all these works can be useful to evaluate hydraulic conditions for migrating fish and benthic fauna.
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| 43. |
- Bin Asad, S M Sayeed, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Velocity distribution measurements in a fishway like open channel by Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA)
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experiments in an open channel flume with placing a vertical half cylinder barrier have been performed in order to investigate how the upstream velocity profiles are affected by a barrier. An experimental technique using Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) was adopted to measure these velocity distributions in the channel for four different discharge rates. Velocity profiles were measured very close to wall and at 25, 50 and 100 mm upstream of the cylinder wall. For comparing these profiles with well-known logarithmic velocity profiles, velocity profiles were also measured in smooth open channel flow for all same four discharge rates. The results indicate that regaining the logarithmic velocity profiles upstream of the half cylindrical barrier occurs at 100 mm upstream of the cylinder wall.
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| 44. |
- Bin Asad, S M Sayeed, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Wall shear stress measurement on curve objects with PIV in connection to benthic fauna in regulated rivers
- 2019
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Ingår i: Water. - : MDPI. - 2073-4441. ; 11:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The flow characteristics in the vicinity of a set of half-cylinders of different sizes simulating benthic objects were studied experimentally using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The cylinders were mounted on the bottom of an open channel, and the influence of the flow speed on the distribution of the shear stress along the bottom geometry was investigated. Of special interest was how the shear stress changes close to the wall as a function of the flow speed and cylinder arrangement. It was found that the shear stress varies significantly as a function of position. This implies habitat heterogeneity allowing benthic invertebrates with different shear stress tolerance exists when the bottom consists of differently sized stones. It was also shown that direct measurements of near wall velocity gradients are necessary to accurately calculate the wall shear stress for more complex geometries.
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| 45. |
- Brandhorst, Heide, et al.
(författare)
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Large-Scale Comparison of Liberase HI and Collagenase NB1 Utilized for Human Islet Isolation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cell Transplantation. - 0963-6897 .- 1555-3892. ; 19:1, s. 3-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For more than a decade Liberase HI was commonly used as the standard enzyme blend for clinical human islet isolation until enforced replacement by collagenase NB1 (NB1). This change resulted initially in a reduction in islet isolation outcome and transplant activities worldwide. This retrospective study was initiated to compare the efficiency of NB1 premium grade with Liberase in 197 human islet isolations. All pancreata were processed between January 2006 and June 2008 utilizing the same procedures for isolation and quality assessment except the administration of preselected lots of either Liberase (n = 101) or NB1 (n = 96). Utilizing Liberase significantly more digested tissue and purified islet yield was produced compared to NB1. In contrast, the use of NB1 was associated with significantly higher purity and glucose stimulation index during dynamic perifusion. The expression of proinflammatory markers was almost identical except tissue factor expression that was higher after utilization of Liberase. No difference was found in the percentage of pancreata fulfilling the criteria for clinical islet transplantation. The results suggest that Liberase is more efficient for pancreas dissociation than collagenase NB1 but seems to be more harmful to exocrine cells and islet tissue.
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| 46. |
- Ceciliason, Ann-Sofie, 1971-
(författare)
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Forensic taphonomy in an indoor setting : Implications for estimation of the post-mortem interval
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis was to determine if and how taphonomic data can be used to expand our knowledge concerning the decompositional process in an indoor setting, as well as adapting scoring-based methods for quantification of human decomposition, to increase the precision of post-mortem interval (PMI) estimates.In the first paper, the established methods of Total Body Score (TBS) and Accumulated Degree-Days (ADD) were investigated in an indoor setting, with results indicating a fairly low precision. The PMI was often underestimated in cases with desiccation and overestimated in cases with presence of insect activity. This suggests that the TBS method needs to be slightly modified to better reflect the indoor decompositional process.In the second paper, a novel method for PMI estimation was developed using histological assessment of decompositional changes in the human liver. The scoring-based method created, the Hepatic Decomposition Score, was a statistically robust way to quantify the degree of decomposition, with the potential to improve the precision of PMI estimates.In the third paper, the indoor decomposition process was further investigated regarding microbial neoformation of volatiles in relation to the degree of decomposition and the PMI. A higher decomposition degree was observed in cases with neoformation (i.e., presence of N-propanol and/or 1-butanol in femoral vein blood) than in cases without signs of neoformation. Microbial neoformation may be an indicator of decomposition rate, which may make it possible to improve the precision of PMI estimates based on the TBS/ADD method.In the fourth paper, a novel constructed Bayesian framework allowed a qualified estimate of PMI based on observed taphonomic findings. This framework provided a unique possibility to report results, express the uncertainties in assumptions and calculations, as well as to evaluate competing hypotheses regarding PMI periods or time of death.Taken as a whole, the results indicate that using taphonomic data derived from an indoor setting could improve scoring-based methods, as well as highlighting benefits of incorporating such data into a Bayesian framework for interpretational purposes and for reporting PMI estimates.
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| 47. |
- Ceciliason, Ann-Sofie, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Histological quantification of decomposed human livers : a potential aid for estimation of the post-mortem interval?
- 2021
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Ingår i: International journal of legal medicine. - : Springer Nature. - 0937-9827 .- 1437-1596. ; 135:1, s. 253-267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to determine if a novel scoring-based model for histological quantification of decomposed human livers could improve the precision of post-mortem interval (PMI) estimation for bodies from an indoor setting. The hepatic decomposition score (HDS) system created consists of five liver scores (HDS markers): cell nuclei and cell structure of hepatocytes, bile ducts, portal triad, and architecture. A total of 236 forensic autopsy cases were divided into a training dataset (n = 158) and a validation dataset (n = 78). All cases were also scored using the total body score (TBS) method. We specified a stochastic relationship between the log-transformed accumulated degree-days (log10ADD) and the taphonomic findings, using a multivariate regression model to compute the likelihood function. Three models were applied, based on: (i) five HDS markers, (ii) three partial body scores (head, trunk, limbs), or (iii) a combination of the two. The predicted log10ADD was compared with the true log10ADD for each case. The fitted models performed equally well in the training dataset and the validation dataset. The model comprising both scoring methods had somewhat better precision than either method separately. Our results indicated that the HDS system was statistically robust. Combining the HDS markers with the partial body scores resulted in a better representation of the decomposition process and might improve PMI estimation of decomposed human remains.
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| 48. |
- Ceciliason, Ann-Sofie, et al.
(författare)
-
Microbial neoformation of volatiles : implications for the estimation of post-mortem interval in decomposed human remains in an indoor setting
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International journal of legal medicine. - : Springer Nature. - 0937-9827 .- 1437-1596. ; 135:1, s. 223-233
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study was to determine if a relationship between microbial neoformation of volatiles and the post-mortem interval (PMI) exists, and if the volatiles could be used as a tool to improve the precision of PMI estimation in decomposed human remains found in an indoor setting. Chromatograms from alcohol analysis (femoral vein blood) of 412 cases were retrospectively assessed for the presence of ethanol, N-propanol, 1-butanol, and acetaldehyde. The most common finding was acetaldehyde (83% of the cases), followed by ethanol (37%), N-propanol (21%), and 1-butanol (4%). A direct link between the volatiles and the PMI or the degree of decomposition was not observed. However, the decomposition had progressed faster in cases with microbial neoformation than in cases without signs of neoformation. Microbial neoformation may therefore act as an indicator of the decomposition rate within the early decomposition to bloating stages. This may be used in PMI estimation based on the total body score (TBS) and accumulated degree days (ADD) model, to potentially improve the model's precision.
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| 49. |
- Ceciliason, Ann-Sofie, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
-
Microbial neoformation of volatiles: implications for the estimation of post-mortem interval in decomposed human remains in an indoor setting
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this study was to determine if a relationship between microbial neoformation of volatiles and the post-mortem interval (PMI) exists, and if the volatiles could be used as a tool to improve the precision of PMI estimation in decomposed human remains found in an indoor setting. Chromatograms from alcohol analysis (femoral vein blood) of 412 cases were retrospectively assessed for presence of ethanol, N-propanol, 1-butanol, and acetaldehyde. The most common finding was acetaldehyde (83% of the cases), followed by ethanol (37%), N-propanol (21%) and 1-butanol (4%). A direct link between the volatiles and the PMI or the degree of decomposition was not observed. However, the decomposition had progressed faster in cases with microbial neoformation than in cases without signs of neoformation. Microbial neoformation may therefore act as an indicator of the decomposition rate within the early decomposition to bloating stages. This may be used in PMI estimation based on the total body score (TBS) and accumulated-degree days (ADD) model, to potentially improve the model’s precision.
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| 50. |
- Ceciliason, Ann-Sofie, et al.
(författare)
-
Quantifying human decomposition in an indoor setting and implications for postmortem interval estimation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Forensic Science International. - : Elsevier. - 0379-0738 .- 1872-6283. ; 283, s. 180-189
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study's objective is to obtain accuracy and precision in estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) for decomposing human remains discovered in indoor settings. Data were collected prospectively from 140 forensic cases with a known date of death, scored according to the Total Body Score (TBS) scale at the post-mortem examination. In our model setting, it is estimated that, in cases with or without the presence of blowfly larvae, approximately 45% or 66% respectively, of the variance in TBS can be derived from Accumulated Degree-Days (ADD). The precision in estimating ADD/PMI from TBS is, in our setting, moderate to low. However, dividing the cases into defined subgroups suggests the possibility to increase the precision of the model. Our findings also suggest a significant seasonal difference with concomitant influence on TBS in the complete data set, possibly initiated by the presence of insect activity mainly during summer. PMI may be underestimated in cases with presence of desiccation. Likewise, there is a need for evaluating the effect of insect activity, to avoid overestimating the PMI. Our data sample indicates that the scoring method might need to be slightly modified to better reflect indoor decomposition, especially in cases with insect infestations or/and extensive desiccation. When applying TBS in an indoor setting, the model requires distinct inclusion criteria and a defined population.
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