| 1. |
- Hudson, Lawrence N, et al.
(author)
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The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project
- 2017
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In: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 7:1, s. 145-188
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
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| 2. |
- Hudson, Lawrence N., et al.
(author)
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The PREDICTS database : a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts
- 2014
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In: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 4:24, s. 4701-4735
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species. Existing global databases of species' threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of historical declines and to project - and avert - future declines. We describe and assess a new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database contains measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35) biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries. The database contains more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than 1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups - including flowering plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans and hymenopterans. The dataset, which is still being added to, is therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses. The database is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems - ). We make site-level summary data available alongside this article. The full database will be publicly available in 2015.
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| 3. |
- Almered Olsson, Gunilla, 1951, et al.
(author)
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City–Region Food Systems: Scenarios to re-establish urban-rural links through sustainable food provisioning
- 2018
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In: Tomorrow’s Food Travel (TFT) conference, Centre for Tourism – University of Gothenburg, 8–10 October 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- City–Region Food Systems (CRFS) is a cutting-edge concept and an emerging field of research. As a new analytical lens, it offers an integrated and multi-dimensional perspective on food’s origins, how it is grown and the path it follows to our plates and beyond. Building on this concept, this presentation reflects a prospective research project which seeks to explore opportunities for innovative and sustainable food systems in the Gothenburg region of Sweden by focusing on how rural and urban regions, food production and market can be integrated to promote regional food security. The project intends to: 1) develop scenarios with stakeholders for local food production in the region; 2) analyze the consequences of the scenarios on landscape change and biodiversity; 3) explore socio-economic consequences for producers and local communities; and 4) evaluate the sustainability and feasibility of scenarios with stakeholders. Five municipalities in Western Sweden (Gothenburg, Kungälv, Lerum, Alingsås and Essunga) will serve as study areas for the project, selected to reflect different kinds of potential for local food production in terms of dissimilar environmental conditions, prerequisites for farming and economic histories. The project responds to expressed interests and knowledge needs in the region and will be developed and implemented in direct cooperation with local and regional actors such as Västarvet, the Västra Götaland Region, the municipalities and various producer organizations. In sum, there are premises suggesting that recent urban food strategies and plans with sustainability ambitions are embracing several Sustainable Development Goals in the environmental, social, economic, and equity dimensions. This, in turn, is a characteristic of the Transition Movements pathway, in which the utility of food strategies in the work with sustainability transitions seems inevitable. The results are therefore likely to be transferable to other regions.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(author)
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Estimating Use and Non-use Values of a Music Festival
- 2012
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 12:3, s. 215-231
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Impacts of a music festival may appear in many forms and research in the area of impact assessments is at present developing wider perspectives than being limited to economic impact assessments. Concepts like social, cultural and environmental impacts are now appropriate and traditional cost–benefit analysis is regaining momentum. The purpose of this study was first, to discuss how the value of a festival can be assessed and understood within a cost–benefit framework. Second, it was to evaluate a Scandinavian music festival in terms of Use and Non-use values by the contingent valuation method. The results illustrate the implications of a wider perspective regarding the impacts of a festival. Use value, representing the core experience, is the largest value (€7.4 million) but Non-use value is also important (€3 million). The latter includes the perceived value of externalities such as socio-cultural and environmental impacts which are highly relevant from a sustainability perspective. One conclusion is that Use and Non-use values within a cost–benefit framework can help managers and researchers understand value creation of festivals better.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(author)
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Factors explaining the use-value of sport event experiences
- 2014
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In: International Journal of Event and Festival Management. - 1758-2954 .- 1758-2962. ; 5:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose and test a model explaining the value of event experiences. Design/methodology/approach – Three versions of the explanatory model are tested by regression analysis of data from a survey of 650 visitors to a sports event. Findings – The three model versions are significant and explain the value of event experiences with satisfactory R2 values (0.29, 0.46 and 0.68) using the concepts “Extent of visit”, “Experience intensity” and “Expenditure”. The measures of event experiences (Use-Value, Direct Use-Value as well as Indirect Use-Value) meet requirements for reliability and validity. Originality/value – The paper reveals that explanatory models are basic but novel in a sports event context and provide a basis for further research. Furthermore, the definition of Indirect Use-Value has been clarified and adapted for higher relevance to destination managers focusing on event tourism.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(author)
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Linking event quality to economic impact: A study of quality, satisfaction, use value and expenditure at a music festival
- 2017
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In: Journalof Vacation Marketing. - : SAGE Publications. - 1356-7667 .- 1479-1870. ; 23:2, s. 114-132
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study is to develop and test, in an event context, a model describing the relationships between perceived quality, satisfaction, use value and consumer expenditures. A model is proposed and tested using data from a Web and telephone survey of 326 visitors to a Swedish music festival. Findings from bivariate correlation, multiple regression and structural equation models show that links are significant and support a chain of dependencies. Better managed festivals seem to generate higher economic impact at the destination as well as in the festival area. Implications of this are that festival managers can influence the economic impact by careful design, planning and operation of the festival and that the DMO can positively influence the economic impact by monitoring the quality of publicly supported festivals and events. Quality standards and quality certification could provide means for such developments.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(author)
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The use and non-use values of events: a conceptual framework for event evaluation
- 2014
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In: The 23 r d Nordic Symposium On Tourism And Hospitality Research. THE VALUES OF TOURISM 2-4 October 2014. Köpenhamn, Danmark..
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- An important focus of current research has involved the holisti c assessment of event impacts, including social, cultu ral and environmental impacts a s well as economic impacts. Events create externali ties that can be understood wit h the help of concepts such as Use and Non‐use values. To date, these concepts have been de veloped and applied primarily within environmental economics as comprising what eco nomists call 'total economic value'. They have been u sed to understand the benefits and costs that occur both for users of natural resources and for non‐users, i.e. ind ividuals that are affected by positive or negative externaliti es linked to, for example, the preservation of natural resources. They have also been e stablished within cultural econ omics to understand the values created by, for example, cultural institutions and art. A more recent development has been the application of Use and Non‐use values in the conte xts of events and festivals. The link between cultural instit utions and events can be establ ished by the cultural content of many events and festivals. However, the adoption of these concepts can also be linked to the notion that events have wider societal impacts, b eyond economic impacts or the financial injection of new money. The aim of this paper is to conceptualize Use and Non‐use value s in an event context. A literature review of the definit ions and applications within th e fields of environmental and cultural economics will be t he basis for the conceptualizat ion, as well as the recent applications in the event context. The conceptual framework pro vides a view on value creation of events, including bo th visitors (users) and local r esidents (non‐users). Use values are discussed in terms of direct and indirect use value which can be linked to different aspects of the event e xperience by participants, visi tors and destination residents. Non‐use values, on th e other hand, are discussed in terms of option value , bequest value , stewardship , altruistic value , and existence value and how these values can (if at all possible) be related to a wider group of event stake holders. The paper contributes an alternative perspective on event evaluation comp ared to standard approaches. This perspective also provides a fertile agenda for more detailed research on the role and importance of diffe rent types of values in event a ssessment.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(author)
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Use-Value of an event experience
- 2013
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In: Innovation and value creation in experience-based tourism, The 22nd Nordic Symposium in Tourism and Hospitality Research, Bodö & Lofoten Islands, Sept. 24-27, 2013 / editor: Frank Lindberg.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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| 15. |
- Andersson, Tommy D., 1947, et al.
(author)
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Use-Value of Music Event Experiences: A “Triple Ex” Model Explaining Direct and Indirect Use-Value of Events
- 2014
-
In: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 14:3, s. 255-274
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To describe the value of event experiences remains a challenge for event research. Recently, use-value has been successfully applied to event valuation, drawing on extensive research and a validated methodology from environmental and culture economics. The objectives of this study are first to define direct and indirect use-value in an event context, second to suggest an explanatory model for direct and indirect use-value and third to test this model against data from 714 visitors to a three-day music festival. The results show that the concepts can be defined, measured and validated. The “Triple Ex” model gives a good fit to data and reveals significant influences from the three ex: experiences, extent of the visit and expenditure for the visit. Socio-economic variables are not significant. The model is suggested as a first step towards a better understanding of how use-value is created and more detailed studies of time and space dimensions of the three factors are proposed for further research.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Armbrecht, John, et al.
(author)
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20 Years of Nordic event and festival research: a review and future research agenda
- 2021
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 21:1, s. 49-59
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The research output during the last two decades suggests that events and festivals are of major importance for society both internationally and in a Nordic context. Existing literature, primarily published in a Nordic context, is reviewed and organized according to three broad areas: The event and festival consumer, the event or festival as organization and the effects and interrelationships of events and festivals with society. We discuss the contribution which Nordic research has made to the Nordic School and to international event and festival research and suggest a future research agenda focusing on methods, context and theories.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Armbrecht, John, et al.
(author)
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A segmentation of fish consumers based on quantity and type of fish: Insights from the Swedish market
- 2023
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In: Food Quality and Preference. - 0950-3293. ; 112
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The primary objective of this study is to elucidate the underlying factors contributing to the observed differences in fish consumption patterns. To accomplish this, a segmentation analysis was conducted on a representative sample of 2207 individuals from Sweden based on the dual dimensions of both the volume and variety of fish ingested. By scrutinizing these facets, the aim is to gain deeper insights into the distinct consumer archetypes characterized by their diverse fish consumption habits, thus uncovering the catalysts and deterrents that influence these patterns. The outcome of the segmentation analysis (i.e., two-step analysis: hierarchical clustering followed by non-hierarchical clustering technique) reveals four distinct consumer segments, each possessing unique attributes concerning their preferences and behaviours regarding fish consumption. These segments are classified as the “Frequent,” “Avid,” “Occasional,” and “Infrequent” fish consumers. The profiling of these segments is built on factors encompassing consumers' decision-making styles, involvement in food, environmental consciousness, as well as pertinent socio-economic variables including income, geographical location, age, educational attainment, and gender. Evident from the findings is the clear demarcation of two segments characterized by robust fish consumption tendencies, specifically the “Frequent” and “Avid” segments. Subsequently, there exists a segment showcasing moderately pronounced fish consumption behaviours labelled as the “Occasional” consumer group, in contrast to a segment demonstrating a markedly diminished inclination for fish consumption, denoted as the “Infrequent” consumer. All segments score high on habitual and brand-loyal purchasing intentions which emphasize the routine nature of fish consumption behaviour. In a broader context, the study underscores the inherent utility of segmenting consumers based on fish consumption volume and type, as this approach yields distinct consumer groups that can be systematically addressed by stakeholders ranging from policy makers to producers and other seafood advocates.
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| 20. |
- Armbrecht, John
(author)
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AN EVENT QUALITY SCALE FOR PARTICIPATORY RUNNING EVENTS
- 2020
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In: Event Management. - 1525-9951. ; 24:1, s. 139-152
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research question: This study focuses on the perceived quality of participatory event experiences by addressing the following question: What are the important aspects of the event experience? Research methods: The aim is to develop and refine a scale to measure the quality of the event experience for runners at a participatory event. The objective is to combine, apply, test, and refine the existing scales to increase our understanding of the perceived quality of events among amateur running athletes. Both affective and cognitive dimensions are included in the scale. Based on seven dimensions and 36 items, a formal scale development process is adopted. The data consist of 1923 observations collected during a participatory event with approximately 60,000 registered participants. Results: The seven-factor model, including immersion, surprise, participation, fun, social aspects, hedonic aspects and service quality, was gradually revised in favour of a four-factor solution: service quality, hedonic aspects, fun and immersion. As a result, 73.1% of the variance is extracted. Implications: This study contributes to a refined scale measuring the perceived event quality of participatory events. Service quality accounts for more than half of the variance extracted. Researchers should continue to develop research on the critical experiential dimensions in an event context. Furthermore, the links between the constructs need attention. The results suggest that event organizers should evaluate their events and event portfolios based on the scale and take actions to increase the perceived quality of these events.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Armbrecht, John, et al.
(author)
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Contingent valuation method, tourism
- 2016
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In: In J. Jafari & H. Xiao (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Tourism. - : Cham: Springer International Publishing.. - 9783319013855 ; , s. 1-2
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 25. |
- Armbrecht, John, et al.
(author)
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Covid-19 och hållbara evenemang : Påverkan, anpassning och framtid för evenemang inom idrott och friluftsliv
- 2021
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Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Evenemangsbranschen kopplad till Sveriges idrotts- och friluftsliv har påverkats kraftigt av pandemin. I det korta perspektivet har tusentals människors jobb och fritid påverkats då aktiviteter uteblivit och evenemang ställts in. De långsiktiga konsekvenserna kan leda till en förändrad syn på hur man i framtiden kommer att resa, delta i evenemang och använda arenor. Detta får i sin tur konsekvenser för miljön. Denna rapport beskriver och analyserar studier gjorda under 2020 för att bättre förstå vilka effekter inställda evenemang har gett upphov till, men också huruvida det finns något i pandemin som kan bidra till mer hållbara evenemang. Studierna utgår från frågorna hur arrangörer och konsumenter påverkas av pandemin, hur alternativa evenemangslösningar kan uppstå och hur erfarenheterna kan tillvaratas efter pandemin. Rapporten bygger dels på tidigare forskning, dels på en enkät som skickats ut av Riksidrottsförbundet till samtliga anslutna föreningar våren 2020 (n=3 513), och på en enkät som Visit Stockholm och Göteborg & Co skickade till svensk allmänhet hösten 2020 (n=3 159). En stor del av idrottsutövandet i Sverige sker i organiserad form i någon av landets idrottsföreningar. För föreningarna och utövandet är evenemang centrala, och upp emot 90 procent av alla intäkter som föreningarna förlorat under pandemins första våg kan kopplas till uteblivna evenemang. Det är givetvis en varierande grad av intäktsbortfall, men hårdast drabbade i ekonomiska termer är ishockeyn och fotbollen. De största intäktsbortfallen vid uteblivna evenemang kan kopplas till anmälningsavgifter, biljettintäkter, sponsormedel och försäljning. Men, det blir också tydligt att det finns påtagliga negativa effekter som inte i första hand rör ekonomi. Vanliga icke-ekonomiska effekter är medlemstapp, liksom att färre aktiviteter leder till ökad fysisk och psykisk ohälsa, försämrad integration samt att idrotten inte längre får samma möjlighet att sprida glädje och gemenskap. Föreningarna framhåller behoven av ekonomiskt stöd men efterfrågar också stödbehov kopplat till att tolka riktlinjer, driva enskilda frågor gentemot ii myndigheter och andra, förnya evenemangen och inte minst hjälp med marknadsföring i tider när evenemangen startar upp igen. Enkäten som under hösten riktades till den svenska allmänheten visar att många kände sig negativt påverkade av inställda evenemang och ansåg att deras livskvalitet påverkats negativt. Evenemang ligger nära livsstil för många besökare och i rapporten diskuteras begreppet serious leisure där evenemang konstateras påverka människors vardag före, under och efter själva evenemanget. De flesta respondenter anser att digitala evenemang inte helt kan ersätta de evenemang där man träffas fysiskt. Dock anger var femte respondent att digitala evenemang helt eller delvis kan vara ett fullgott alternativ för framtiden vilket är en stor framtida utmaning och möjlighet både kommersiellt och miljömässigt. Pandemin har ökat medvetenheten om trygghet och säkerhet. I rapporten konstateras att det finns en rad åtgärder som arrangörer kan vidta för att möta besökares oro och farhågor. Utöver handsprit, närvarande publikvärdar och annat efterfrågas också större avstånd till andra besökare. Detta kan innebära en utveckling med fler evenemang men med färre besökare. Studien synliggör miljömässiga effekter där det kortsiktigt blivit ett minskat eller uteblivet resande på grund av inställda evenemang. Relativt få arrangörer har jobbat med att anpassa sina evenemang till distansoberoende genom exempelvis streaming eller andra digitala tjänster. På längre sikt konstateras dock pandemin kunna leda till att hela eller delar av evenemang anpassas till ett digitalt format, vilket kan innebära minskat resande och minskad miljöbelastning. Det kan också leda till ett ändrat användande av den infrastruktur som kopplas till evenemang, exempelvis minskat eller ändrat beroende av arenor. Sammantaget kan det konstateras att miljöfrågorna får står tillbaka under en brinnande kris som en pandemi utgör. Fokus ligger på verksamheternas överlevnad, akuta åtgärder och uthållighet. Men såväl direkt som indirekt kan pandemin påverka svenskars evenemangsbeteende. Detta ändrade beteende kan i sin tur påverka miljön både direkt och indirekt. Mer kunskap på området är nödvändig på väg mot målet och mer hållbara evenemang.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Armbrecht, John
(author)
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Developing a Scale for Measuring the Perceived Value of Cultural Institutions
- 2014
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In: Cultural Trends. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0954-8963 .- 1469-3690. ; 23:4, s. 252-272
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous research into the value of cultural institutions has emphasized a variety of benefits arising from cultural institutions such as social, educational and health related impacts. An economic assessment of cultural institutions is usually made in monetary units. This one-dimensional assessment of value has been criticized for being elusive, disregarding the complex and multidimensional nature of cultural values. This article suggests scales for measuring the value of cultural institutions. Based on previous research, and an exploratory study on the perceived value of cultural institutions, this article describes the development of a scale using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Six factors comprise the scale: social, educational, health, image, identity and financial effects. The scale may be used to describe and compare the value of cultural institutions qualitatively. Conclusions about the perceived contribution of different institutions may be possible. From a policy perspective, the scale may allow an understanding of the contribution individuals with different socioeconomic backgrounds perceive the cultural institution as making.
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| 29. |
- Armbrecht, John
(author)
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Evenemang och Samhällsekonomiskt Värde
- 2014
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In: Från Bob Dylan till Way Out West, RED Armbrecht, Lundberg & Mossberg. - Kållered : BAS. - 9789172463240
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 30. |
- Armbrecht, John
(author)
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Event quality, perceived value, satisfaction and behavioural intentions in an event context
- 2021
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 21:2, s. 169-191
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Understanding consumer experiences constitutes a central interest for event and destination managers. This study applies event quality incorporating affective and cognitive aspects of event experiences as a measure of the event experience. The measure is used to predict perceived value, satisfaction and behavioural intentions. The article contributes with a deeper understanding of how to measure and assess event attendees’ experiences in terms of affective and cognitive components in order to forecast event consumers’ behavioural intentions. The importance and mediating role of perceived value and satisfaction are tested. The conclusions stress the significance of affective aspects of experiences in understanding perceived value of experiences. A broader approach to the event experience is promising within an event, tourism and destination management perspective when developing existing and new event concepts as well as event portfolios.
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| 31. |
- Armbrecht, John, et al.
(author)
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Experience quality, satisfaction, perceived value behavioral intentions in an event context
- 2017
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In: Session Proceedings. 26th Nordic Symposium of Tourism and Hospitality Research, October 4-6 2017, Falun, Sweden.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Quality is central to understand consumer behavior. In an event context Andersson, Armbrecht & Lundberg (2015) found that production quality and service quality determine satisfaction which determines the use value of event experiences and consumer expenditures at an event. Otto & Ritchie (1996) advocate a consumer perspective and propose that quality of a service and quality of an experience must be evaluated to understand the true nature of satisfaction. Researchers have engaged in developing scales for measuring these concepts during the last decade. Particularly the affective responses to experiences has been in focus to provide the experience and event industry with a deeper insight into aspects which might result in consumer immersion (Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, 2014), arousal (Bigné et al., 2005; Holbrook & Hirschman, 1982) and extraordinary experiences (Abrahams, 1986; Arnould & Price, 1993). Few studies have however combined measures of affective and functional aspects into larger measurement models to predict satisfaction, value, intentions and behavior. This study measures affective and hedonic aspects of event experiences and to what extent they explain consumer value. Results indicate that affective and functional aspects are important. An interesting difference is that affective aspects are more likely to influence consumer satisfaction while functional aspects predict intentional behavior such as the likeliness to recommend the event to friends and family. Session: Advances in Event Management Research
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| 32. |
- Armbrecht, John, et al.
(author)
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Impact Analysis of Sustainable Sports Events: Triple Impact Assessments of the 2013 EAIC
- 2014
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In: Estimating the Impacts of Tourism and Events A research symposium in Gothenburg, Sweden in March 20-21, 2014.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of this study is to answer the question: How to measure the impacts of sport events in a commensurable way. A model for measuring the impacts of a sport event from sustainability perspectives and in a common monetary metric is tested. Contingent valuation method, direct economic impact assessment and ecological footprint analysis are used to estimate the event impacts. The model is applied to a three day long European athletics indoor championship 2013 and the results demonstrate a possibility to produce a sustainability impact analysis in a uniform metric. Measured in monetary terms, socio-cultural impacts carry more weight than economic impacts do whereas environmental impacts have little importance for the total assessment. The tested model constitutes a promising method to develop a more holistic assessment of sport events.
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| 33. |
- Armbrecht, John, et al.
(author)
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Kultur och värdeskapande
- 2010
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In: Kulturens kraft för regional utveckling. - Stockholm : SNS.
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 34. |
- Armbrecht, John
(author)
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Kulturinstitutioners dolda värden
- 2009
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In: Kultur och samhällsnytta: Hur kan vi mäta värdet av kultur och vill vi göra det?; red Inga-Lill Söderberg. - : SparbanksAkademins skriftserie.
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Armbrecht, John, et al.
(author)
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Subjects and objects of event impact analysis
- 2016
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 16:2, s. 111-114
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Armbrecht, John, et al.
(author)
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Swedish Sports Clubs and Events during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Impacts and Responses
- 2021
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In: Crisis Management and Recovery for Events: Impacts and Strategies. - Oxford : Goodfellow Publishers. - 9781911635901 ; , s. 193-212
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sweden has 10 million inhabitants of which more than 30% are members of at least one sports club. Typically, sports clubs are organized under the Swedish Sports Confederation (Riksidrottsförbundet). On a national level, approximately 19,000 sports clubs exist, distributed over 72 specialist sports federations. Each club usually stages one or several sport events every year. For example, specialist sports federations organize all championships at national and international levels. From a sports club perspective, these events constitute important sources of income. From a societal perspective, clubs and events create considerable economic impacts, foster public health, and facilitate integration contributing with substantial social values (Brown et al., 2015; Pettersson & Wallstam, 2017; Wallstam, Ioannides, & Pettersson, 2020). During the Covid-19 pandemic, most governments restricted individuals’ possibilities for gatherings and movements. On March 12th the Swedish government responded to the pandemic by limiting the number of participants to events to no more than 500 people. Starting March 29th gatherings were limited to 50 people. During the end of year 2020 and the second virus wave, further actions were taken. The government limited the number of visitors and participants to eight people. These restrictions had considerable negative effects on many sport-related activities, events, and thus clubs.
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| 39. |
- Armbrecht, John, et al.
(author)
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Swedish Sports Clubs and Events during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Impacts and Responses
- 2021
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In: Crisis Management and Recovery of events. - : Goodfellow Publishers. - 9781911635901 - 9781911635918 - 9781911635925 ; , s. 193-212
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reveals how to effectively manage events in times of crisis, and leveraging events for post-disaster recovery. The volume brings together theoretical and practical insights in order to set up a robust ground for effective crisis management and recovery strategies of events.
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| 40. |
- Armbrecht, John, et al.
(author)
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The event experience, hedonic and eudaimonic satisfaction and subjective well-being among sport event participants
- 2020
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In: Journal of Policy Research in Tourism Leisure and Events. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1940-7963 .- 1940-7971. ; 12:3, s. 457-477
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The baffling growth in the number of participants in sport events calls for an explanation. Sport event organizers, working on an increasingly competitive market, need to know what factors are important to satisfy the participants and enhance their well-being. Satisfaction is a central concept in consumer behaviour research together with experiences. Subjective well-being (SWB), also referred to as happiness, has made a more recent entry into consumer behaviour research but is gradually gaining recognition as an important concept. The objective of this study is to find out how SWB fits into the framework of consumer behaviour and whether SWB can be explained by satisfaction with the event experience in the context of participatory sport events. It is proposed that satisfaction is better aligned with theories about happiness by distinguishing between hedonic satisfaction and eudaimonic satisfaction. A survey of 7552 participants at five sport events was used to select a subsample of 192 participants, which provides data for testing an SEM model. The model consists of six constructs: Service quality, fun, flow (as components of the event experience), hedonic satisfaction, eudaimonic satisfaction and the dependent construct SWB. The results reveal a good fit of the model. Service quality and fun affect hedonic satisfaction whereas eudaimonic satisfaction is influenced by flow. SWB is explained by hedonic satisfaction, which acts as a fully mediating variable for eudaimonic satisfaction. The conclusions centre on the introduction of two new types of satisfaction consistent with the two facets of happiness and implications for event management.
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| 41. |
- Armbrecht, John, et al.
(author)
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The influence of serious leisure, training, and consumption on subjective well-being for sport event participants
- 2024
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269.
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- People pursue leisure activities like running because it makes them feel good and Stebbins (1992) suggests that serious leisure predicts subjective well-being (SWB). However, it is unclear whether serious leisure and/or its behavioural consequences such as increased consumption, event participation or training, explain varying levels of SWB. Some of these behavioural consequences have adverse environmental impacts, and a trade-off exists between negative environmental impacts and increased levels of SWB. This study surveyed 933 runners about their level of serious leisure, consumption patterns, training, event participation, and SWB. CFA and SEM are used to test the direct effects of serious leisure and the role of selected mediators to understand their effects on SWB. The study concludes that serious leisure itself has no significant direct effect on SWB. However, athletes' engagement in training has direct positive effects on SWB. Furthermore, serious leisure, training and event participation increase other types of consumption, such as shoes, electronic equipment, cloths, etc. which have, however, no significant effect on SWB. These results advise organisers of leisure activities, such as event organisers, how to develop sustainable, yet valuable event experiences.
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| 42. |
- Armbrecht, John, et al.
(author)
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The shadow economy : Its effects on the competition in the Swedish restaurant industry
- 2011
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In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Tourism (ICOT 2011). - : International Association for Tourism Policy. - 9789963979936 ; , s. 28-47
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper, as part of a research attempt to map and analyse the current situation regarding the Swedish restaurant industry’s tax situation, is focusing on the effects tax evasion on the competition. Previous research has indicated that a large shadow economy sector could lead to unfair market competition and consequently less development in the sector. The companies within the shadow sector of the economy, ie the companies that with different methods are trying to avoid paying some or all of the taxes due to the tax authority, can survive and prosper with lower margins. Simultaneously tax revenues are decreasing. This is a serious issue in a country where the tourism is perceived as an important part of the overall economic strategy. Ultimately the situation could force the serious firms out of business and inflict the tax paying morale in the society as a whole. The results are based on a survey of 535 restaurants in Sweden and indicate that there is a problem not only to survive as a law-abiding firm, but also that the unfair competition is affecting the whole sector’s progress and development. The theoretical contribution is based on adding knowledge, based on industry specific data, to the discussion on the effects of the shadow economy. Simultaneously, the results could be practically useful for the development of a more suitable tax system, such as a presumptive tax system, that could address some of the issues with unfair competition in sectors with similar problems.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Armbrecht, John, et al.
(author)
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The Swedish Tax system : Effects on Competition and Compliance in the National Restaurant Industry
- 2011
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In: Well-being in Tourism and Recreation. - Rovaniemi, Finland : University of Lapland. - 9789524844901 - 9789524844918 ; , s. 37-37
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Similar to the restaurant industry in other countries, the restaurant industry in Sweden struggles with legitimacy, since many companies devote themselves to the shadow economy or the grey economy. As a consequence restaurants are regarded to belong to the Hard-to-Tax (HTT) sector. Previous research indicates that a large shadow economy can lead to unfair market competition and consequently less development in the sector. Companies within the shadow economy, i.e. the companies that with different methods are trying to avoid paying some or all of the taxes due to the tax authority, can survive and prosper with lower margins. Complying companies, on the other hand, are severely affected by comparably high compliance costs. Ultimately the situation threatens to force serious firms out of business and inflict the tax paying morale in a wider perspective. This is a particularly serious issue in a country where tourism is perceived as an important part of the overall economic strategy. A proposition is that the competitive situation and design of tax system are determinants of this situation.This research project aims to analyse effects of the Swedish tax system on compliance cost and competition for the restaurant industry. A web-based survey with 535 restaurant owners has been carried out. The results indicate that law abiding companies have considerably higher costs related to administration and accounting. Furthermore the unfair competition affects the progress and development of the sector since time and costs associated with tax administration impacts on companies' possibilities to develop and grow.This study adds knowledge through giving insight to industry specific data on compliance cost and its perceived impacts on competition. This, we hope, contributes to a discussion on new, alternative tax systems such as presumptive tax systems.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Armbrecht, John
(author)
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The Value of Cultural Institutions-Measurement and Description
- 2012
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Resources are invested to maintain cultural institutions and society has an interest in the efficient allocation of these resources. To understand efficiency, the costs incurred in monetary units need to be compared to the value created. The overall question of this thesis is: What is the value of cultural institutions? The question is divided in two thematic topics. The first concerns, how to measure the value of cultural institutions in monetary units? This topic is studied in three articles. Revealed and stated preference methods are applied. The second thematic question concerns how to describe the measured value? Two other articles investigate how individuals perceive the value of cultural institutions. The articles are based on survey data from 12 samples and more than 3500 interviews. The first article is based on a licentiate thesis: Valuing the Invaluable - The Value of Cultural Institutions (Armbrecht, 2009) and applies the contingent valuation method to measure the value of a concert hall and museum. The second article compares a stated preference method (contingent valuation method) with a revealed preference method (travel cost method). The third article applies contingent valuation method and the concepts of use and non-use value to a festival setting. The fourth article is based on interviews and aims to gain an understanding of how individuals perceive and describe the value of cultural institutions. The fifth article develops a scale for measuring the aspects of cultural institutions perceived by individuals to be valuable. The articles indicate that the value created for the three study objects (a museum, a concert hall and a festival) exceeds the costs they incur. The results seem to be reasonable and prove to be valid when compared to the results of the travel cost method as well as real-market comparisons. A methodological advantage of contingent valuation method is the possibility to distinguish between different types of use and non-use values. Contrary to the hypothetical character of contingent valuation method, the travel cost method is based on observed behaviour. Though this involves certain pedagogical advantages, the method may not be suitable for assessing non-use values or distinguishing different types of use values. The fourth article describes the relationship of concepts used in economic literature to those in other disciplines. The former may not encompass all benefits, but it does cover a variety of social, cultural, health related, educational, and other values. The last article develops a scale as an alternative method for measuring the perceived contribution of cultural institutions. The thesis concludes that use and non-use values need consideration when assessing the value of cultural institutions. Besides monetary descriptions of value, scales are applicable for understanding which factors determine the value of cultural institutions.
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| 48. |
- Armbrecht, John, et al.
(author)
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The value of experiences at a music event
- 2014
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In: The 23rd Nordic Symposium On Tourism And Hospitality Research THE VALUES OF TOURISM 2-4 October 2014. Köpenhamn, Danmark..
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Experience value has become the preferred approach to analyse t ourism and event experiences. Willingness‐to‐pay for experiences can be elicited by revealed preference methods such as the travel cost method and in this study, the e xperience value created at a three day long music festival is assessed by the zonal travel cost method. The functional form used as well as the assessment of visitors' travel cost, d etermine the consumer surplus from the event. The effe cts on the valid ity of the TCM from three functional forms, combined with the effect of three ways of determining visitors' travel cost, are studied. Results illustrate how sensitive TCM is to the way travel cost is estimated as well as to the functional form used and several critical issues related to the validity and reliability of TCM are raised in the concludin
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| 49. |
- Armbrecht, John
(author)
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Use value of cultural experiences: A comparison of contingent valuation and travel cost
- 2014
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In: Tourism Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5177 .- 1879-3193. ; 42, s. 141-148
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Few applications to assess the value of cultural experiences exist. This is particularly frustrating for cultural institutions, as it provides them with few opportunities to reveal their importance in terms of attractiveness and thus what drives tourism demand. This study applies the travel cost method (TCM) and contingent valuation method (CVM) to assess the value of two rural cultural institutions in order to compare the results of the valuation methods. The results reveal that visitor experiences consist of a core cultural experience as well as other valuable experiences before and after. Whereas CVM allows for a valuation of the core cultural experience separately from other experiences, the TCM is limited to an overall assessment. The TCM is therefore an inappropriate measure of the value of the cultural experiences when the total experience includes several other experiences. If visitors travel for the sake of only one cultural experience, TCM may be preferable due to its simple applicability and cost efficiency. If, however, as is most often the case, a cultural experience is part of a bundle of experiences, the application of CVM is recommendable. This is also the case, if only visitors who state the cultural experience to be the primary reason for travelling are included.
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| 50. |
- Armbrecht, John, et al.
(author)
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Web surveys and respondent recruitment - how to reduce survey errors
- 2013
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In: Innovation and value creation in experience-based tourism, The 22nd Nordic Symposium in Tourism and Hospitality Research, Bodö & Lofoten Islands, Sept. 24-27, 2013 / editor: Frank Lindberg.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)
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