| 1. |
- Arnarsson, Arsaell, et al.
(författare)
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Cyberbullying and traditional bullying among Nordic adolescents and their impact on life satisfaction
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - London : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 48:5, s. 502-510
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © Author(s) 2019. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cybervictimization in the six Nordic countries and to assess its overlap with traditional bullying. A further aim was to examine potential associations between life satisfaction, on the one hand, and traditional bullying and cyberbullying on the other. Methods: Analyses were based on data from the 2013⁄2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. It included 32,210 boys and girls, aged 11, 13, and 15, living in the six Nordic countries. Results: The prevalence of cyberbullying by both pictures and by messages was around 2% in all the Nordic countries except Greenland. There it was considerably higher. The prevalence of being bullied in a traditional manner varied widely by country. For boys, this type of bullying was most frequent in the youngest age group and then decreased steadily in the older age groups. Girls were on average more likely to be cyberbullied. Cyberbullying was more common among 13- and 15-year-olds than 11-year-olds. Higher family affluence was unrelated to the risk of cyberbullying. However, it was related to traditional bullying and combined forms of bullying. Compared with intact families, cybervictimization was commoner among single-parent families and stepfamilies. Adjusting for age, gender, family affluence, and family structure, those subjected to cyberbullying had lower life satisfaction than those who were not bullied. Conclusions: We found relatively little overlap between cyberbullying and traditional bullying, indicating that the two may be separate phenomena stemming from different mechanisms, at least in the Nordic context.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Augustine, Lilly
(författare)
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I skärlinjen mellan funktionsnedsättning och mobbning och dessa barns psykiska hälsa
- 2021
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Ingår i: Barnsliga sammanhang. - Kristianstad : Kristianstad University Press. - 9789187973727 ; , s. 81-93
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vi är sociala individer, relationer med andra är drivkraften, det centrala i mänsklig anpassning och också grunden till lycka, vi som människor behöver känna tillhörighet och uppskattning (Rudolph, Lansford och Rodkin, 2016). Att inte få vara med är smärtsamt, att känna att man inte duger kan leda till en maladaptiv utveckling och sämre psykisk hälsa. Att få uppleva att man aktivt exkluderas, att man knuffas, eller kallas namn, sådant gör ont och kan skapa långvariga sår i själen. Om detta dessutom sker ofta, att det sker av personer som är mer gillade i den kontext man är i, eller att de är flera skapar också en känsla av maktlöshet. Att detta är fallet och att det är något många bearbetar länge kan nog också ses i den mängd med böcker och filmer där offer och förövare på olika sätt porträtteras. Sverige har länge stoltserat med att vi har låga nivåer av mobbning i skolan, lägre än i andra länder. På sistone har andelen individer som upplever att de blir mobbade i svenska skolan ökat (Bjereld, Augustine och Thornberg, 2020). Detta kan bero på flera saker, medvetenhet, hur man mäter, men sannolikt så visar det på en verklig förändring som skett. Detta då svenska studier över lag, användande olika studier och olika definitioner alla pekar på en uppgång de senaste 10 åren (Bjereld med fler, 2020), även om ökning är från låga nivåer och Sverige fortfarande ses som ett föredöme rörande frågor rörande mobbning (UNESCO, 2019).
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| 5. |
- Augustine, Lilly, 1979-
(författare)
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I skärlinjen mellan funktionsnedsättning och mobbning och dessa barns psykiska hälsa
- 2021
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Ingår i: Barnsliga sammanhang. - Kristianstad : Kristianstad University Press. - 9789187973727 ; , s. 81-93
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vi är sociala individer, relationer med andra är drivkraften, det centrala i mänsklig anpassning och också grunden till lycka, vi som människor behöver känna tillhörighet och uppskattning (Rudolph, Lansford och Rodkin, 2016). Att inte få vara med är smärtsamt, att känna att man inte duger kan leda till en maladaptiv utveckling och sämre psykisk hälsa. Att få uppleva att man aktivt exkluderas, att man knuffas, eller kallas namn, sådant gör ont och kan skapa långvariga sår i själen. Om detta dessutom sker ofta, att det sker av personer som är mer gillade i den kontext man är i, eller att de är flera skapar också en känsla av maktlöshet. Att detta är fallet och att det är något många bearbetar länge kan nog också ses i den mängd med böcker och filmer där offer och förövare på olika sätt porträtteras. Sverige har länge stoltserat med att vi har låga nivåer av mobbning i skolan, lägre än i andra länder. På sistone har andelen individer som upplever att de blir mobbade i svenska skolan ökat (Bjereld, Augustine och Thornberg, 2020). Detta kan bero på flera saker, medvetenhet, hur man mäter, men sannolikt så visar det på en verklig förändring som skett. Detta då svenska studier över lag, användande olika studier och olika definitioner alla pekar på en uppgång de senaste 10 åren (Bjereld med fler, 2020), även om ökning är från låga nivåer och Sverige fortfarande ses som ett föredöme rörande frågor rörande mobbning (UNESCO, 2019).
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| 6. |
- Augustine, Lilly, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Disability in the Relationship Between Mental Health and Bullying: A Focused, Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies
- 2022
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Ingår i: Child Psychiatry & Human Development. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0009-398X .- 1573-3327.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Having both a disability and being bullied increases the risk of later mental health issues. Children with disabilities are at greater risk of being bullied and therefore at greater risk of adverse mental health outcomes. We conducted a limited systematic review of longitudinal studies focusing on the role of disability in relation to bullying and mental health problems. Twelve studies with an initial measure of mental health or disorder, measured no later than 10 years of age, were found. Ten of these twelve studies suggested that having a disability before victimisation increased the impact of mental health problems measured after bullying experiences. The conclusion is that children with a disability, such as behavioural problems, have an increased risk of later mental health problems through bullying victimization. Children with two risk factors had significantly worse mental health outcomes. These additional mental health problems may be alleviated through reduced bullying victimisation.
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| 7. |
- Augustine, Lilly, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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The utility of the International Classification of Functioning construct as a statistical tool – operationalizing mental health as an indicator of adolescent participation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 44:16, s. 4220-4226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The ICF provides a common scientific language for the study of health and functioning. Adolescent mental health, operationalized as engagement in life situations, is one aspect of functioning. Engagement as mental health has a bi-directional relation with environmental factors.Aim To test the statistical utility of the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) classification in coding adolescent mental health and mental health problems.Methods Using data measuring mental health in a representative Swedish sample of 12-13-year-olds linking responses to the classification codes. The internal structure of the classification system constructs was tested using factor analysis.Results A factorial solution could be found for most chapters indicating that the ICF framework and coding system could be used; however, the variance explained was quite low. Linking worked better at code-level, rather than chapter level. Items measuring risk behavior or risk factors are loaded in separate constructs.Conclusions When coding items for statistical purposes, code-level rather than chapter level is to be preferred. Also, participation in risk behavior loads in separate factors indicating that these behaviors are separate from other types of participation.Implications for rehabilitation Considering some challenges with varying level of detail in the ICF-CY's chapters, the framework can be used to identify the content of mental health questionnaires to be used in rehabilitation. To provide more detailed information in rehabilitation addressing mental health, a code-level solution is more appropriate than a chapter level solution. Despite the use of same ICF-CY codes, negative participation, i.e., risk behavior, measures a different dimension than positive participation, is especially relevant in rehabilitation addressing mental health.
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| 8. |
- Augustine, Lilly, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Trajectories of participation, mental health, and mental health problems in adolescents with self-reported neurodevelopmental disorders
- 2022
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 44:9, s. 1595-1608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Having a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) increases the risk of mental health problems and lower participation. We investigated the trajectories of mental health problems and participation in adolescents with NDD and compared these with trajectories for peers without NDD. In addition, the relationship between participation, mental health (well-being), and mental health problems were investigated.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from a Swedish longitudinal survey study (LoRDIA) was used and adolescents with and without self-reported NDD were followed from 12/13 to 17 years, in three waves. Mental health problems were measured using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, and well-being was measured with the Mental Health Continuum short form.RESULTS: Adolescents with NDD experience more mental health problems than adolescents without NDD. Hyperactivity, a key feature of NDD, remains stable, while emotional problems and psychosomatic complaints, increase over time for girls, independent of NDD. Participation is stable over time but is more related to well-being than to NDD or mental health problems.CONCLUSIONS: Gender is an important factor with girls exhibiting more problems. Mental health explains more of the variation in participation than mental health problems and NDD. Probably participation intervention can enhance mental health which may protect from mental health problems.Implications for rehabilitationMental health, i.e., emotional-, social-, and psychological well-being is more strongly related to participation and to reduced levels of mental health problems than having an NDD or not, thus assessing mental health separately from measuring NDD is important.Interventions focusing on participation may lead to higher mental health and having high mental health (flourishing) may facilitate participation.Girls with self-reported NDD seem to have a higher burden of mental health problems, especially if they also are languishing, i.e., having low mental health, therefore a strong focus on this group is needed both in research and clinical practice.Half of all adolescents are flourishing, independently of NDD or not, even if they are experiencing some symptoms of mental health problems, adolescents with NDD who are also languishing, have much higher ratings of mental health problems.
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| 9. |
- Bertills, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Student Self-Efficacy and Aptitude to Participate in Relation to Perceived Functioning and Achievement in Students in Secondary School With and Without Disabilities
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- School-based Physical Education (PE) is important, especially to students with disabilities whose participation in physical activities out of school is limited. The development over time of participation-related constructs in relation to students' perceived functioning and achievement is explored. Students in mainstream inclusive secondary school self-rated their PE-specific self-efficacy, general school self-efficacy, aptitude to participate in PE, and perceived physical and socio-cognitive functional skills at two timepoints, year 7 and year 9. Results were compared between three groups of students with: disabilities (n = 28), high grades (n = 47), or low grades (n = 30) in PE. Over time, perceived physical skills of students with disabilities became strongly associated with self-efficacy and aptitude to participate. Perceived socio-cognitive skills in the study sample improved and had a positive effect on PE-specific self-efficacy. Efforts should be made to limit the accelerated negative impact of perceived restricted functioning of students with disabilities. Grading criteria need to be developed to comply with standards adapted to fit abilities of students with disabilities. Meaningful learning experiences appear to be created when participation is promoted and capacity beliefs (PE-specific self-efficacy) are boosted. Allocating resources to support the development of students' socio-cognitive skills seem to have potential for overall positive school outcome.
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| 10. |
- Bjereld, Ylva, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring the prevalence of peer bullying victimization : Review of studies from Sweden during 1993–2017
- 2020
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Ingår i: Children and youth services review. - : Elsevier. - 0190-7409 .- 1873-7765. ; 119
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research into the prevalence of bullying is important to enable the correct allocation of resources to prevent and end bullying. One problem when gathering knowledge in how prevalent bullying is, is the considerable variation in percentage points in research studies. The aim of this study was to analyze how the estimated prevalence in Swedish national population-based studies of peer bullying victimization is related to how it is defined and measured.The analysis focused on national population-based studies in Sweden, in order to ensure that the sampling and cultural aspects of data collection were similar throughout the period. Data came from three sources: 1) a scoping review of peer bullying victimization in Sweden, 2) reports from Swedish government agencies and non-government organizations that were not included in the scoping review, and 3) data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) Sweden 1993–2017 study.The results showed that although the estimated levels of bullying victimization depend on the measurement method, they all followed a similar pattern over time with a higher prevalence of bullying in recent years. The study raised conceptual inconsistencies between bullying, peer aggression, and peer victimization, which are further discussed in relation to prevalence and measurement.
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| 11. |
- Bjereld, Ylva, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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The association between self-reported psychosomatic complaints and bullying victimisation and disability among adolescents in Finland and Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 51:8, s. 1136-1143
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To analyse the associations between bullying victimisation, disability, and self-reported psychosomatic complaints in adolescents, and to investigate the role of support from parents and teachers in such associations. Methods: The study was based on Finnish and Swedish data from two waves (2013/2014 and 2017/2018) of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey (n=16,057). Descriptive statistics were produced for four groups of adolescents: (a) bullied with disabilities; (b) not bullied with disabilities; (c) bullied without disabilities; and (d) not bullied without disabilities (reference group). Two multilevel multinomial logistic regression models were performed for the Finnish and Swedish samples separately. The first model analysed associations between psychosomatic complaints and bullying victimisation, controlling for a range of confounders. The second model analysed associations between psychosomatic complaints and social support from parents and teachers. Results: Across both countries, bullied adolescents with disabilities were more likely to self-report psychosomatic complaints than the reference group, even after adjusting for other potential confounders. Teacher support was identified as a potential protective factor as the odds ratio for psychosomatic complaints decreased when including teacher support as a factor in the model. The association with parent support showed mixed findings in Finland and Sweden. Conclusions: Disability in combination with bullying victimisation generated the highest levels of self-reported psychosomatic complaints compared to adolescents that were not bullied nor had disabilities. High teacher support may be a protective factor against psychosomatic complaints for bullied and/or disabled adolescents.
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| 12. |
- Bonin, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond silence : A scoping review of provided support for grieving children with intellectual disabilities or autism spectrum disorder
- 2024
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Ingår i: Omega. - : Sage Publications. - 0030-2228 .- 1541-3764.
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children with intellectual disabilities (ID) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are considered unable to grieve or understand the concept of death and might not receive grief support after the death of a beloved person; hence, they are at risk of developing complicated grief. This scoping review identified existing grief support for children with ID or ASD. Searching seven databases yielded 514 records; six studies met the predefined inclusion criteria. The six studies identified grief support, including discussions, participation in death rituals, family support, stories, and professional interventions. The support could be organized into three levels, micro, meso, and exo, overlooking the macro level completely, indicating that grief support for these children tends to be irregular and inconsistent.
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| 13. |
- Carlén, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Parental distress rating at the child’s age of 15 years predicts probable mental diagnosis : a three‑year follow‑up
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2431. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Mental health in adolescence is an increasing global public health concern. Over half of all mental disorders debut by 14 years of age and remain largely untreated up to adulthood, underlining the significance of early detection. The study aimed to investigate whether parental distress rating at the child's age of 15 predicts a probable mental diagnosis in a three-year follow-up.Methods: All data was derived from the Finnish Family Competence (FFC) Study. The analysis focused on whether parental CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist) rating (n = 441) at the child's age of 15 years predicted the outcome of the child's standardised DAWBA (Development and Well-Being Assessment) interview at offspring's 18 years.Results: Multivariable analysis showed that a one-unit increase in the total CBCL scores increased the relative risk of a DAWBA-based diagnosis by 3% (RR [95% CI] 1.03 [1.02-1.04], p < 0.001).Conclusions: Parental CBCL rating in a community sample at the adolescent's age of 15 contributes to early identification of adolescents potentially at risk and thus benefitting from early interventions.
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| 14. |
- Carlén, Kristina
(författare)
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Predictors of mental health in adolescents - with a salutogenic perspective
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mental health in adolescence is an increasing public health concern. Over half of all mental disorders debut by 14 years of age and remain largely untreated up to adulthood, which underlines the importance of early detection. Mental health is a complex concept that consists of both mental well-being and mental ill-health (including mental health problems and mental disorders). However, the development of mental health during the transition period from childhood to adulthood is dependent on the coping strategies used to meet everyday stressors. Therefore, the framework is salutogenic, looking at the world from a resource perspective to promote mental well-being. However, finding predictors also include identifying risk factors of mental ill-health.The overall aim of the thesis was to investigate predictors of mental health in adolescents from a longitudinal perspective. The Finnish Family Competence (FFC) study was used with adolescents at 15 years of age and their parents, with a follow-up at 18 years of age. Also, Swedish data material was used, The Longitudinal Research on Development In Adolescence (LoRDIA) with adolescents at 12-13 years and a follow-up at 17 years. In sub-studies I, II, and III the outcome was a probable mental health diagnosis determined by a standardised Development and Well-being Assessment (DAWBA) interview. In sub-study IV the outcome was perceived mental health status (MHS).The results showed that a strong sense of coherence was associated with a decreased risk for subsequent mental disorders (sub-study I) and that self-esteem was negatively associated with future mental well-being (sub[1]study IV). Further, low levels of mental health problems reported by the adolescents (sub-study II) or by their parents (sub-study III) were related to a decreased risk for subsequent mental disorders. There was a gender aspect that affected the results and which showed girls as having more internal mental health problems or mental disorders. Other factors indicating an increased risk of mental ill-health were parental low age at childbirth and socioeconomic factors such as the mother’s low educational level, father’s blue-collar profession, and a poor economic situation in the family.The results from this thesis underline the importance of having a salutogenic approach when dealing with mental health in adolescence to identify coping resources for stressors in Antonovsky’s ‘River of Life’. The school might be an arena for creating interventions with a resource perspective for strengthening a sense of coherence and self-esteem, and for alleviating perceived mental health problems.
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| 15. |
- Carlén, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Teenagers’ mental health problems predict probable mental diagnosis 3 years later among girls, but what about the boys?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1753-2000. ; 16:1, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The prevalence of mental disorders is increasing, and there seems to be a gender difference in prevalence, with girls reporting more mental health problems than boys, especially regarding internalizing problems. Most mental disorders debut early but often remain untreated into adulthood. Early detection of mental disorders is essential for successful treatment, which is not always happening. The study aimed to estimate to what extent teenagers’ self-reports predict probable mental diagnosis as they enter adulthood, particularly regarding gender differences. Methods: Self-reported mental health problems, Youth Self-Report (YSR) at 15 years (range 3–110, n = 504) from the ongoing Finnish family competence study (FFC) using modified multivariable Poisson regression analysis for prediction of DAWBA (Development and Wellbeing Assessment) interview outcomes 3 years later. Results: One unit’s increase in YSR was estimated to correspond to an increase in the relative risk of a probable DAWBA-based diagnosis by 3.3% [RR (95% CI) 1.03 (1.03–1.04), p < 0.001]. In gender-specific analysis, the findings applied, particularly to girls. Conclusions: Youth Self-Report (YSR) scores at pubertal age predicted the risk of a probable mental diagnosis at the onset of adulthood, particularly in girls. Further research is needed to explain the lower sensitivity of YSR among boys.
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| 16. |
- Carlén, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Teenagers’ mental health problems predict probable mental diagnosis among girls, but what about the boys?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Population Medicine. - : European Publishing. - 2654-1459 .- 2654-1459. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Objectives: Adolescents’ mental health is a public health concern. The prevalence of mental disorders is increasing, and there seems to be a gender difference, with girls reporting more mental health problems than boys, especially regarding internalizing problems. Most mental disorders debut early but often remain untreated into adulthood. Therefore, early detection of mental disorders is essential. The study aimed to estimate to what extent teenagers’ self-reports of mental health problems predict probable mental diagnoses as they enter adulthood, particularly regarding gender differences. Methods: Self-reported mental health problems, Youth Self-Report (YSR) at 15 years (n = 504) from the ongoing Finnish family competence study (FFC) using modified multivariable Poisson regression analysis for prediction of DAWBA (Development and Wellbeing Assessment) interview outcomes 3 years later. Results: Recently published Results (Carlén et al., 2022) showed that one unit’s increase in YSR was estimated to correspond to an increase in the relative risk of a probable DAWBA-based diagnosis by 3.3% [RR (95% CI) 1.03 (1.03–1.04), p < 0.001]. In gender-specific analysis, the Findings applied, particularly to girls. Conclusions: Youth Self-Report (YSR) scores at pubertal age predicted the risk of a probable mental diagnosis at the onset of adulthood, particularly for girls. Further research is needed to explain the lower sensitivity of YSR among boys.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Carlén, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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The association between adolescents’ self-esteem and perceived mental well-being in Sweden in four years of follow-up
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Psychology. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2050-7283. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The situation concerning adolescent mental health is a global public health concern, and the concept includes the ability to cope with problems of everyday life. A person’s approach and attitude towards themselves, i.e., their self-esteem, affects mental health. The study aimed to appraise and deepen the scientific understanding of adolescents’ self-reported self-esteem at age 12−13 from a resource perspective and test its ability to predict subsequent perceived mental well-being at age 17.Methods: Data from the Longitudinal Research on Development in Adolescence (LoRDIA) prospective follow-up study of adolescents aged 12−13, and 17 (n = 654) were analysed using ANCOVA. The outcome variable, perceived mental well-being (MWB), covers the aspects of mental well-being inspired by the “Mental Health Continuum,” representing positive mental health. Covariates were self-esteem (SE) and reported initially perceived MWB at age 12−13. Other independent explanatory variables were gender, the family’s economy, and the mother’s educational level.Results: Self-esteem appeared relatively stable from 12−13 to 17 years (M = 20.7 SD = 5.8 vs. M = 20.5 SD = 1.7). There was a significant but inverted U – shaped association between SE at age 12–13 and perceived MWB at age 17 [F (1, 646) = 19.02, β-0.057; CI -0.08−-0.03, Eta = 0.03, p =.000]. Intermediate but not strong SE predicted significantly good MWB. When conducting the ANCOVA for boys and girls separately, only the mother’s educational level was significantly positively associated with perceived MWB of girls.Conclusions: Good self-esteem in early adolescence increases the likelihood of an unchanged favourable development of self-esteem and the probability of good perceived mental well-being. SE explained 18 per cent of the variation of MWB, and even more among girls. However, normal SE rather than high SE at 12 and 13 years is predictive of later mental well-being. Girls reported low self-esteem more often. Therefore, supporting self-esteem early in life can promote mental well-being in adolescence.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Cosma, Alina, et al.
(författare)
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Gender Differences in Bullying Reflect Societal Gender Inequality : A Multilevel Study With Adolescents in 46 Countries
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Adolescent Health. - : Elsevier. - 1054-139X .- 1879-1972. ; 71:5, s. 601-608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Social patterns in bullying show consistent gender differences in adolescent perpetration and victimization with large cross-national variations. Previous research shows associations between societal gender inequality and gender differences in some violent behaviors in adolescents. Therefore, there is a need to go beyond individual associations and use a more social ecological perspective when examining gender differences in bullying behaviors. The aim of the present study was twofold: (1) to explore cross-national gender differences in bullying behaviors and (2) to examine whether national-level gender inequality relates to gender differences in adolescent bullying behaviors.Methods: Traditional bullying and cyberbullying were measured in 11-year-olds to 15-year-olds in the 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (n = 200,423). We linked individual data to national gender inequality (Gender Inequality Index, 2018) in 46 countries and tested their association using mixed-effects (multilevel) logistic regression models.Results: Large cross-national variations were observed in gender differences in bullying. Boys had higher odds of perpetrating both traditional and cyberbullying and victimization by traditional bullying than girls. Greater gender inequality at country level was associated with heightened gender differences in traditional bullying. In contrast, lower gender inequality was associated with larger gender differences for cyber victimization.Discussion: Societal gender inequality relates to adolescents' involvement in bullying and gendered patterns in bullying. Public health policy should target societal factors that have an impact on young people's behavior.
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| 21. |
- Danielsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Trajectories of Mental Health Problems in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities. - : Springer. - 1056-263X .- 1573-3580. ; 36, s. 203-242
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- To review the longitudinal trajectories - and the factors influencing their development - of mental health problems in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities. Systematic review methods were employed. Searches of six databases used keywords and MeSH terms related to children with neurodevelopmental disabilities, mental health problems, and longitudinal research. After the removal of duplicates, reviewers independently screened records for inclusion, extracted data (outcomes and influencing factors), and evaluated the risk of bias. Findings were tabulated and synthesized using graphs and a narrative. Searches identified 94,662 unique records, from which 49 publications were included. The median publication year was 2015. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were the most commonly included population in retrieved studies. In almost 50% of studies, trajectories of mental health problems changed by < 10% between the first and last time point. Despite multiple studies reporting longitudinal trajectories of mental health problems, greater conceptual clarity and consideration of the measures included in research is needed, along with the inclusion of a more diverse range of populations of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities.
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| 22. |
- Dierckens, M., et al.
(författare)
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National-Level Wealth Inequality and Socioeconomic Inequality in Adolescent Mental Well-Being : A Time Series Analysis of 17 Countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Adolescent Health. - : Elsevier. - 1054-139X .- 1879-1972. ; 66:6, s. 21-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Although previous research has established a positive association between national income inequality and socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent health, very little is known about the extent to which national-level wealth inequalities (i.e., accumulated financial resources) are associated with these inequalities in health. Therefore, this study examined the association between national wealth inequality and income inequality and socioeconomic inequality in adolescents' mental well-being at the aggregated level. Methods: Data were from 17 countries participating in three consecutive waves (2010, 2014, and 2018) of the cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. We aggregated data on adolescents' life satisfaction, psychological and somatic symptoms, and socioeconomic status (SES) to produce a country-level slope index of inequality and combined it with country-level data on income inequality and wealth inequality (n = 244,771). Time series analyses were performed on a pooled sample of 48 country-year groups. Results: Higher levels of national wealth inequality were associated with fewer average psychological and somatic symptoms, while higher levels of national income inequality were associated with more psychological and somatic symptoms. No associations between either national wealth inequality or income inequality and life satisfaction were found. Smaller differences in somatic symptoms between higher and lower SES groups were found in countries with higher levels of national wealth inequality. In contrast, larger differences in psychological symptoms and life satisfaction (but not somatic symptoms) between higher and lower SES groups were found in countries with higher levels of national income inequality. Conclusions: Although both national wealth and income inequality are associated with socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent mental well-being at the aggregated level, associations are in opposite directions. Social policies aimed at a redistribution of income resources at the national level could decrease socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent mental well-being while further research is warranted to gain a better understanding of the role of national wealth inequality in socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent health.
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| 23. |
- Dierckens, M., et al.
(författare)
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National level wealth inequality and socioeconomic inequality in adolescent mental wellbeing
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 30:Supplement 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundPrevious research established a positive association between national income inequality and socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent health, but little is known about the extent to which national level inequalities in accumulated financial resources (i.e. wealth) are associated with these health inequalities. Therefore, we examined the association between national wealth inequality and income inequality and socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent mental wellbeing.MethodsData were from 17 countries participating in three successive waves (2010, 2014 and 2018) of the cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. We combined individual-level data on adolescents' life satisfaction, psychological and somatic symptoms and socioeconomic status (SES) with country-level data on income and wealth inequality (n = 244771). We performed time-series analysis on a pooled sample of 48 country/year groups.ResultsHigher levels of national wealth inequality were associated with fewer average psychological and somatic symptoms, while higher levels of national income inequality were associated with more psychological and somatic symptoms. No associations between either national wealth inequality or income inequality and life satisfaction were found. Smaller differences in somatic symptoms between higher and lower SES groups were found in countries with higher levels of national wealth inequality. In contrast, larger differences in psychological symptoms and life satisfaction (but not somatic symptoms) between higher and lower SES groups were found in countries with higher levels of national income inequality.ConclusionsAlthough both national wealth and income inequality are associated with (socioeconomic inequalities in) adolescent mental wellbeing, associations are in opposite directions. Further research is warranted to gain better understanding in the role of national wealth inequality on (socioeconomic inequalities in) adolescent health.Key MessagesThis is one of the first studies to examine if socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent mental wellbeing are associated with national wealth inequality independently from national income inequality.Opposing effects of national wealth inequality and income inequality on socioeconomic inequalities in adolescents’ mental wellbeing warrant further research before policy recommendations can be made.
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| 24. |
- Granlund, Mats, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Definitions and operationalization of mental health problems, wellbeing and participation constructs in children with ndd : Distinctions and clarifications
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:4, s. 1-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Children with impairments are known to experience more restricted participation than other children. It also appears that low levels of participation are related to a higher prevalence of mental health problems in children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). The purpose of this conceptual paper is to describe and define the constructs mental health problems, mental health, and participation to ensure that future research investigating participation as a means to mental health in children and adolescents with NDD is founded on conceptual clarity. We first discuss the difference between two aspects of mental health problems, namely mental disorder and mental illness. This discussion serves to highlight three areas of conceptual difficulty and their consequences for understanding the mental health of children with NDD that we then consider in the article: (1) how to define mental health problems, (2) how to define and assess mental health problems and mental health, i.e., wellbeing as separate constructs, and (3) how to describe the relationship between participation and wellbeing. We then discuss the implications of our propositions for measurement and the use of participation interventions as a means to enhance mental health (defined as wellbeing). Conclusions: Mental disorders include both diagnoses related to impairments in the developmental period, i.e., NDD and diagnoses related to mental illness. These two types of mental disorders must be separated. Children with NDD, just like other people, may exhibit aspects of both mental health problems and wellbeing simultaneously. Measures of wellbeing defined as a continuum from flourishing to languishing for children with NDD need to be designed and evaluated. Wellbeing can lead to further participation and act to protect from mental health problems.
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| 25. |
- Holmberg, Jorunn, et al.
(författare)
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Expatriate Adolescents’ Resilience : Risk and Protective Factors inthe Third Culture Context
- 2022
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Ingår i: Xenophobiavs. Patriotism: Where is my Home?. - : International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Expatriate children and adolescents typically spend several of their formative years moving from country to country, frequently having to adapt to new cultures, making new friends, and fit into new school systems. It has been established in literature that such frequent changes may cause increased and prolonged risk of developing internalizing behavior problems such as depression and anxiety. However, little is still known regarding which protective factors serve as buffer towards the increased risk within the expatriate demographic. This study examined risk and protective factors among a group of expatriates, adolescents, and their parents, originating from 21 countries on five continents. Adolescent resilience was established through measuring risk and protective factors within three domains (i) individual, (ii) family, and (iii) school/community. In particular, the results indicated that adolescents’ sense of coherence, positive family climate, and satisfaction with school and friends, each predicted resilience significantly above other demographic factors. Interestingly, higher number of international moves did not predict adolescents’ resilience. The results imply that a coherent identity, high self-esteem, sense of “Third Cultural” group belonging, paired with a robust family environment, would promote resilience in the expatriate population. This may in turn serve as a buffer towards the negative effects caused by a stressful, transient upbringing.
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| 26. |
- Kim, S. S., et al.
(författare)
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Bullying, Mental Health, and the Moderating Role of Supportive Adults : A Cross-National Analysis of Adolescents in 45 Countries
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Public Health. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1661-8556 .- 1661-8564. ; 67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Relationships with supportive adults during adolescence may be a protective factor that lowers the risks associated with bullying. The current study aimed to examine the moderating role of supportive adults in the associations between bullying involvement (in-person and cyber) and mental health problems (psychological symptoms and low life satisfaction). Methods: Data from 45 countries and regions taking part in the 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study (N = 230,757) were used. Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate relative risks of bullying on mental health. Effect estimates were compared across the number of supportive adults to examine a possible cumulative protective effect of relationships with supportive adults. Results: Bullying involvement was consistently associated with poor mental health across the 45 countries. Risk of mental health problems associated with bullying involvement was greatest among students reporting relationships with multiple supportive adults. This was true for all indicators of bullying involvement. Conclusion: Bullying remains a prevalent and harmful experience for youth worldwide. Merely having supportive adults is not sufficient in protecting youth from experiencing the mental health risks associated with bullying.
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| 27. |
- Lygnegård, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Short-term longitudinal participation trajectories related to domestic life and peer relations for adolescents with and without self-reported neurodevelopmental impairments
- 2021
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-8440. ; 7:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundWith maturity and development, complexity in demands and roles change. As participation is often restricted in children with disabilities, this process might be delayed in adolescents. Investigating profiles of participation for adolescents with and without neurodevelopmental impairments could provide an understanding of which factors relate to high level of participation. The aim is to investigate trajectories of participation in everyday activities across clusters based on self-rated participation patterns in frequency of participation and perceived importance of activities related to domestic life and peer-related activities for adolescents with and without self-reported neurodevelopmental impairments.Methods and proceduresA prospective person-based cohort study design.Outcomes and resultsFive typical trajectories were identified. Trajectories between clusters with high perceived involvement in peer relations were associated with sibling support and family communication. Self-reported neurodevelopmental impairments did not predict participation profiles at certain time points, nor movements between clusters when measuring self-reported attendance and importance in domestic life and in peer-related activities.Conclusion and implicationsPerceived sibling support and family communication are important for predicting typical trajectories across clusters in frequency of attendance and the perceived importance of domestic life and peer relations. Type of impairment was less important in predicting typical trajectories.
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| 28. |
- Mazur, Joanna, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in multiple health complaints in Polish adolescents in light of data from 30 European countries and Canada (2002-2018)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Mother and Child. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 2719-535X. ; 25:1, s. 25-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Adolescence is a sensitive period accompanied by rapid developmental changes that can result in health complaints. The aim of the study was to describe the trend of subjective health complaints (HBSC-SCL) of Polish adolescents compared to their peers from 30 other countries and to rank all countries based on a proposed standardised measure.Material and Methods: Data from the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study collected from 2002 to 2018 were used. The overall number of respondents from 30 countries in the combined sample from five quadrennial rounds was 773,356, including 49.2% boys and 50.8% girls. The HBSC-SCL is a non-clinical measure consisting of eight health complaints, usually analysed in two dimensions of psychological and somatic symptoms. Linear regression analysis was applied to assess the significance of trends of the total index and two subindices in the combined sample and individual countries.Results: A significant increasing trend for the eight-item index appeared in Poland only in 13- and 15-year-olds, while only among 15-year-olds in the combined sample from 30 countries. Standardised country rank varied between -1.85 and 2.48 (worst). The countries that achieved extreme negative values (>=1) are France, Hungary, Italy, and Sweden, and the rank for Italy is considerably higher than for other countries. In Poland, the standardised rank for psychological symptoms exceeded the threshold of +1 in 2018.Conclusions: The HBSC-SCL index could be useful for monitoring change in adolescent mental health. The proposed method of ranking may allow a broader view of the differences and similarities between countries and help to identify those performing unfavourably against cross-country patterns.
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| 29. |
- Sentenac, Mariane, et al.
(författare)
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Chronic health conditions and school experience in school-aged children in 19 European countries
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Springer. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 32, s. 1711-1721
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates chronic conditions (CC) prevalence among children in mainstream schools, their school experience and life satisfaction in Europe. Data were collected from the 2017/2018 HBSC survey, a cross-national study using self-reported questionnaires administered in classrooms. Nationally representative samples of children aged 11, 13, and 15 years in mainstream schools from 19 European countries (n = 104,812) were used. School experience was assessed using four variables: low school satisfaction, schoolwork pressure, low teacher support, and peer-victimization, which were related to life satisfaction. Latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to identify patterns of school experience among students with CC. The prevalence of CC varied from 8.4 (Armenia) to 28.2% (Finland). Children with CC (n = 17,514) rated their school experience and life satisfaction lower than children without CC. LCA identified three school experience patterns: "negative on all items" (37%), "negative on all items, except school pressure" (40%) and "overall positive" (23%). The distribution of subgroups varied across countries-in countries with a higher proportion of children with CC in mainstream schools, children reported more negative school experiences. Compared to the "overall positive" group, low life satisfaction was highest for students classified as "negative on all items" (relative risk (RR) = 2.9; 95% CI 2.2-3.8) with a lesser effect for "negative on all items, except school pressure" (RR) = 1.8; 95% CI 1.4-2.4). These findings provide cross-national data documenting the diversity in inclusive educational practices regarding school placement and school experiences, and suggest that efforts are still needed to allow a fully inclusive environment.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Silveira-Maia, M., et al.
(författare)
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Framework for an inclusive-oriented pedagogical assessment
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book resulted from the Work Package 1 (WP1) of the Inclusive Assessment Map project – so-called I AM project. I AM is an Erasmus+ funded project (Agreement No. 621435-EPP-1-2020-1-AT- EPPKA3-IPI-SOC-IN) that aims to develop – based on the Internacional Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY) – an innovative assessment tool that provides teachers with guidance on how to create school environments in order to be inclusive places. The partner countries are: Austria, Germany, Sweden, Norway, Belgium and Portugal. By identifying the common trends on inclusive education policies of the 4 involved countries and by revising evidence-based supports linked with students’ participation, this book presents a good practices analysis of inclusive-oriented assessment and supports implementation within educational contexts.
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| 32. |
- Öhman, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Vårdnadshavares uppfattningar av delaktighet i förskolan
- 2024
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Ingår i: Educare. - : Malmö University Press. - 1653-1868 .- 2004-5190. ; :2, s. 1-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Participation is an important factor for preschool quality and with participation comes both possibilities and challenges. The aim is to explore guardians’ perceptions of participation in Swedish preschool using Buber’s understanding of dialogue in interpersonal meetings. The research questions are: How do guardians describe participation in preschool? How do guardians perceive their participation in preschool teaching? Conducting interviews with 20 guardians resulted in the emergence of four themes. The results show that guardians have different perceptions about what participation implies. They describe that they want to be participating but settle with being informed. Guardians find it optional to participate in the decision-making concerning teaching. A conclusion is that preschool teachers need to be in dialogue with guardians about how participation can be understood in their specific context. Another conclusion is that competence regarding the importance of continuous dialogues needs to be addressed towards preschool teachers to promote guardians’ participation in teaching.
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