| 1. |
- Nilsson, Christina, et al.
(author)
-
Varför vårdvetenskap?
- 2008
-
In: Vårdvetenskapliga vägskäl. - Växjö : Växjö universitet. ; , s. 49-60
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)
|
|
| 2. |
- Andersson, Lenastina, et al.
(author)
-
Mälsåker Revisited: Museum och Iscensättning. : Kungl Konsthögskolan. Restaureringskonst 2015-2016
- 2016
-
Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Rapporten redovisar arbeten från kursen Restaureringskonst på Konsthögskolan som under läsåret 2015-2016 har arbetat med tema Museum och Iscensättning. Hur kulturmiljöer påverkas när de blir museum, hur man restaurerar för museum, hur man bevarar och utvecklar en plats för kunskapsutbyte, bildning och upplevelser. Mälsåkers slott, utanför Mariefred, förvaltat av Statens Fastighetsverk, var studieobjekt för 20 studenter, (yrkesverksamma arkitekter, antikvarier, ingenjörer, konservatorer m fl) där utbildningens olika studiemoment som uppmätning, inventering, dokumentation har tillämpats. Fältarbetet har följts av studier i historik, kulturhistorisk värdering och analyser som gett visioner och gestaltningsförslag på ny verksamhet i slottet. Rapporten presenterar förslagen, med text, skisser, foton och ritningar. Fyra olika typer av museum med varierande grad av åtgärder, förändringar och utveckling av slottet. Restaureringsexperiment redovisas utifrån traditionella och digitala dokumentationsmetoder. Dessutom finns arbeten om barockens ljus, bladguld, brandskydd, pod-radio, kraftstation, engelska parken, dekorationsmålade tak, Gustavianum, Julius Kronbergs ateljé och barockträdgård m m. Förslagen visar att det är möjligt att transformera Mälsåkers barockslott till ett museum av idag med bibehållen historik och synliga tidslager.
|
|
| 3. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(author)
-
AFoU – a network for sustainable working life and development
- 2017
-
In: Proc. of the The Nordic Ergonomics and Society conference, NES-2017 ‘Joy at Work’, organized by Lund University (LTH) in association with the Ergonomics and Human Factors Society in Sweden (EHSS), and 20-23 August 2017, Sweden, Lund.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to describe and reflect on the development of the Swedish network AFoU (Workplace related R&D for sustainable working life). The overall goal with the network AFoU is to strengthen research contributing to sustainable working life, research that makes significant improvements, and future organizations characterized by competitiveness, quality and renewal through good working conditions. AFoU was started in 2015 and it consists of researchers from different disciplines, practitioners and representatives for unions and employer organizations. The network strives to combine high-quality research with practical use. This is achieved through collaboration between different stakeholders and across disciplines, thereby co-creating new knowledge that is needed to meet current and future demands.
|
|
| 4. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(author)
-
Assessment of production planning and scheduling work using ergonomic work analysis
- 2000
-
In: Proceedings of the 14th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association. - 0945289138 ; , s. 2:231-234
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Production scheduling is an important and complex activity in manufacturing enterprises. Increasing market demands concerning service has to be managed, offen within reduced time space and decision latitude. This paper reports findings from studying scheduling in a Swedish sawmill with the twofold aim to describe and analyze scheduling work and to assess ergonomic work analysis as a method for this. The conclusions drawn were that sawmill scheduling work was complex and that the scheduler was exposed to a high degree of uncertainty. The scheduling in practice was performed by a group of people, relating to different parts of the entire business processes in the company. The scheduling tools, developed by the individual schedulers, were efftcient and flexible complements to the MPCsystem. Finally, ergonomic work analysis proved to be a useful method for analyzing scheduling work, although there may be difficulties in distinguishing between the prescribed work and work as it is actually carried out.
|
|
| 5. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(author)
-
Boundary crossing in product introductions considering humans, technology and organization
- 2014
-
In: Proceedings of ODAM NES 2014. ; , s. 349-354
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective of the paper is to analyze how a product introduction involving Swedish-Chinese collaboration was influenced by human, technological and organizational aspects. The study showed that technical challenges concerned the infrastructure for communication and quality issues; organizational challenges concerned the new project model and updating drawing versions; and human related challenges included cultural differences and communication. The product introduction was highly challenging by crossing earlier boundaries in the human, technical, and organizational subsystems. Strong work demands were placed on the individuals while offering great opportunities for individual learning. Concurrent development of a new project model resulted in organizational learning.
|
|
| 6. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(author)
-
Challenges in a product introduction in a cross-cultural work system – a case study involving a Swedish and a Chinese company
- 2012
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective of this case study is to gain deeper insights in how cultural aspects influence a product introduction with product development carried out in Sweden and industrialization in China. Data were collected through semi-structured individual and group interviews and workshops. The study showed that the companies faced a number of challenges during the product introduction, such as problems with the product design, updating versions of drawings, infrastructure for communication, and quality issues. There were, however, a number of issues that were directly or indirectly influenced by cultural aspects and lack of understanding about cultural differences. Challenges included interpersonal communication related to language barriers and differences in degree of direct communication of needs, demands and own capabilities. Based on literature on cultural dimensions and actual challenges during a specific product introduction when two national cultures interact/collaborate, this paper results in an initial approach for further model development and research on how to link cultural dimensions to product development models in a systematic and prioritized way. This is needed to develop organizational support to increase knowledge of cultural strengths and differences, how to manage these issues and further facilitate organizational learning for increased efficiency of product introductions.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(author)
-
From Safety I to Safety II : Applying an HTO Perspective on Supervisory Work Within Aviation
- 2019
-
In: 20th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association, IEA 2018. - Cham : Springer. ; , s. 558-565
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In aviation, there is a strong focus on safety to prevent accidents. This paper deals with how supervisory authorities in aviation can apply a Safety II perspective. In particular, the aim is to analyze how the concept of HTO (Humans, Technology, Organization) is related to a possible shift from Safety I to Safety II within supervisory work within aviation. Data for this case study research was collected through semi-structured interviews with inspectors at the civil aviation authority in Sweden. The study showed that the important building stone of proactivity in Safety II could be promoted by the Safety Management System (SMS), the Safety Performance Indicator, and systems for reporting incidents and near-accidents. These systems constituted examples of Technology. Similarly, the Humans consisted of the inspectors, and the Organization included international and national regulations that the inspectors needed to follow during inspections. In the analysis, it was clear that an internal HTO-perspective could be taken. The study indicated that the shift towards Safety II should first be done within the supervisory authority by applying an internal HTO-perspective. This could later be developed to an external HTO-perspective also including the operator organizations.
|
|
| 10. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(author)
-
HELIX Competence Centre – Knowledge for Sustainable Working Life
- 2017
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to describe HELIX Competence Centre at Linköping University and its work to contribute to sustainable working life. Research in HELIX Competence Centre is based on an interactive approach between researchers from different disciplines and partner organizations, including industrial organizations, public organizations, labour market organizations, and civil society organizations. The research programme includes four research themes: 1) Sustainable development processes in industrial production systems; 2) Growth and development in small enterprises; 3) Sustainable, innovative, and coordinated health and welfare processes; and 4) Diversity and inclusion in working life. Other activities include seminars and partnership meetings with different topics and a yearly HELIX day. The research and activities led by HELIX Competence Centre constitute an approach to integrate social and economic sustainability, produce scientific knowledge, and add value to practice in the partner organizations.
|
|
| 11. |
- Berglund, Martina, 1963-, et al.
(author)
-
HTO - a concept of humans, technology and organisation in interaction
- 2020
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Working life of today faces challenges. There is a fast pace in technical and organisational development and continual demands for increased performance. In order to manage the increasing complexity in work systems, there is a need to take a holistic view on operations. One such view is the systems concept of Humans, Technology and Organisation (HTO). The aim of this report is to describe the HTO concept, how it was developed, and how it can be used to develop work and work systems, understand humans at work, and understand contributing factors to organisational performance and individual well-being. The core of the HTO model is human work activity and how it is carried out within a work system consisting of humans, technology and the organisation. Focussing on human work activity generates knowledge about work conditions, needed competences and collective interaction, but also understanding about outcomes of the activities – the systems performance. H, the Humans in the work system, can be understood from different perspectives, for example as biological systems, information processing systems, individuals with unique personal traits and experiences, or as members of social groups. The H can thus in itself be regarded as a sub-system within HTO. In a similar way, T, Technology, includes several facets, such as tangible tools and machinery, intangible IT systems and software, and environmental characteristics that are technologically designed. The same applies for O, Organisation, consisting of both formal aspects (e.g. written work instructions and follow-up systems) and informal aspects (e.g. organisational culture and informal work practice). Applying HTO in practice generates several types of outcomes: 1) HTO to design products shows that it can be beneficial for productivity, quality and individual safety; 2) HTO to analyse and understand complex work may shed light on complex work in practice, the influences between the individual and the work system, and gaps between prescribed, standard work and how it is carried out in practice; 3) HTO to understand safety shows that it is achieved through systems thinking, thus technology needs to be designed to match human capabilities, and HTO barriers should be in place to prevent accidents; and 4) HTO to improve health and productivity may result in workplace redesign, increased individual well-being and business productivity. HTO has several uses, such as a theoretical framework, an analytical tool, and a method for a holistic view on human work, but also as a tool for visualisation and design.
|
|
| 12. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(author)
-
Human, technological and organizational aspects influencing the production scheduling process
- 2005
-
In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Production Research.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The complexity of planning and scheduling, that its activities are comprised of and influenced by technical and social aspects, has been highlighted in earlier studies. The objective of this paper is to assess how the outcome of the production scheduling processes in four companies is influenced by human, technological, and organizational aspects. A conclusion is that the outcome of the scheduling process is influenced by the scheduler adding human capabilities that cannot be automated, problem-solving when the technical system fails, and negotiating between groups of employees to handle incompatible goals. Technology influences by limitations in the scheduled production system as well as the scheduling tools available. The organization, finally, influences the outcome through degree of proximity between employees, meeting structures, the schedulers’ position in hierarchy and their work role interconnecting activities of different organizational parts.
|
|
| 13. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(author)
-
Human, technological and organizational aspects influencing the production scheduling process
- 2007
-
In: International Journal of Production Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-5273 .- 1873-7579. ; 110:1-2, s. 160-174
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study of scheduling work in practice addresses how the production-scheduling processes in four companies are influenced by human, technological, and organizational aspects. A conclusion is that the outcome of the scheduling process is influenced by the scheduler adding human capabilities that cannot be automated, by technical constraints in the scheduled production system and by the available scheduling software tools. Furthermore, the outcome is influenced not only by how the scheduling process is formally organized, but also by the scheduler's informal authority and the role taken to interconnect activities between different organizational groups. The findings from the study support a number of previous studies done on scheduling in practice whilst giving new insights into their interpretation. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 14. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(author)
-
INTERACTIVE RESEARCH IN PRODUCTION START-UP
- 2018
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research regarding production start-ups hasincreased in interest during the last decades.However, there is still a need to learn more aboutsuitable research approaches in production startupsas the research need to be carried out in achallenging environment, where industrialpractitioners often have time-pressure, handlingevents and uncertainties related to both the productand the production system. This paper is based ona meta-analysis of four research projectsaddressing production start-ups including activitiesbefore, during and after the start-ups. Focus of thepaper is on how an interactive research approachcan be implemented to achieve learning andchange among individual practitioners, at grouplevel and at organizational level. The findings ofthe paper may contribute to increasedunderstanding of interactive research in dynamicprocesses and contribute to the development ofresearch on production start-ups.
|
|
| 15. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(author)
-
Interactive research in production start-up—application and outcomes
- 2020
-
In: Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Ltd.. - 1741-038X .- 1758-7786. ; 31:8, s. 1561-1581
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to reflect on interactive research as a means to create relevant knowledge in the domain of operations management in general and specifically in the context of production start-up. Design/methodology/approach: The reflection on the use of interactive research in production start-ups was based on a study of two completed interactive research projects. The lens for reflection was a framework including context, quality of relationship, quality of the research process itself and outcomes. Findings: The context was industrial manufacturing companies in Sweden, with different kind of challenges related to production start-ups, such as collaboration between involved functions and suppliers, competence development and work routines. Indicators of the quality of relationship between researchers and practitioners were initiated development activities and new collaboration between functions, within the company, between companies and in supply chains. The reflection of the quality of the research process itself was based on an interactive research process including four iterative steps with regular follow-ups allowing joint practitioner and researcher reflection on the progress. Identified outcomes included increased awareness and competence on how to deal with production start-ups, improvements of communication, work procedures and structures, better use of competences, increased cross-functional dialogue and cultural understanding. Practical implications: Implications for practitioners are the possibilities for knowledge creation through interactive collaboration in research projects enabling exchange between researchers from complementary fields and other companies dealing with production start-ups. Originality/value: The interactive research approach enables joint knowledge creation in a fast-changing context such as production start-ups as well as value-adding results both for practitioners in industry and for academia.
|
|
| 16. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(author)
-
Investigating Scheduling Work Practice with Activity Analysis
- 2002
-
In: Proceedings of the 34th Annual Congress of the Nordic Ergonomics Society. - 9173734446
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Understanding practice of planning and scheduling is of interest as skill and performance of production schedulers have been identified as important for a company to achieve high productivity and flexibility. However, practice is not easily studied. The objective of this paper is to describe and assess the use of activity analysis as a method for studying the practice of production scheduling. Work activities of schedulers in four wood-working companies were investigated with activity analysis, which is based on analyses of work activities carried out in real work situations. Data collection included interviews with the schedulers and other employees concerning the scheduling task and the work context. Thereafter, each scheduler’s work was observed during five entire days. In the analyses, the observed work activities were described and categorized including time and spatial distribution, own initiatives to activities, interruptions, and relationships with others. Activity analysis was found to be a useful method for analyzing scheduling work. It provided rich data of the work content, sub-tasks, aids used etc, which could be used as an instrument to grasp cognitive aspects of work. Furthermore, activity analysis was easily applicable.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(author)
-
Knowledge gained from product introduction and implications for organizational learning
- 2008
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Empirical findings from the automotive industry demonstrate that knowledge gained during a product introduction is mainly related to work procedures, personnel resources, education and training, verification, and responsibilities. However, this is to a large extent individually based. Examples of means to make this knowledge accessible to others include integrated work procedures and networking when knowledge is developed in a person-to-person situation as well codification of some knowledge. This is achieved through allocation of personnel resources and emphasis on organizational learning on the company agenda as well as in design of work procedures, which are management tasks and responsibilities.
|
|
| 19. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(author)
-
Knowledge transfer during personnel changes in manufacturing
- 2007
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This case based research addresses knowledge transfer when employees change positions or roles during planned changes within manufacturing. The studies demonstrate that these changes are common. Knowledge needed to transfer includes technical, human and organizational issues. Furthermore, there is a need to transfer knowledge during formal changes of position as well as temporary changes of roles. Organizational structures for knowledge transfer must therefore be developed for transfer of explicit and implicit knowledge in formal and informal settings. This may be achieved through a combination of codified explicit knowledge, organized networks and by creating opportunities for learning from work in practice.
|
|
| 20. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(author)
-
New ways of organizing product introductions
- 2012
-
In: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 41, s. 4856-4861, s. 4856-4861
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to describe and reflect on an interactive research approach used to address the challenges on how to improve product introductions, the part of the product realization process associated with the transfer of a product from product development to serial production. In the interactive research approach, research results as well as improvement of practice are given equal importance. The collaboration between researchers and practitioners therefore addresses both the focus and the process of the change. The approach includes four main iterative steps: 1) mapping/diagnosis, 2) feedback of results, 3) participation in development activities, and 4) follow-up/evaluation. The paper reports findings from interactive research in one company within office product industry and one company group, consisting of three company units within the engine industry. Preliminary findings indicate that the participating companies afterwards work in a more structured way with product introductions and that the employees have gained deeper knowledge about product introductions as well as experienced the advantages of working across functional boundaries. Furthermore, the interactive research approach is suitable to run projects from an ergonomics perspective as it focuses on developing both practice and theory, it is human-centered, and it emphasizes broad participation from practitioners.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Berglund, Martina
(author)
-
Projekt upplärning : att lära sig kamma post kräver sin tid
- 2008. - 1
-
In: Forskarroller i interaktivt utvecklingsarbete. - Linköping : Avdelningen för industriell arbetsvetenskap, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, Linköpings universitet. - 9789173938655 ; , s. 91-110
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Projekt Upplärning är en ”avknoppning” av ett litet experiment om postsorteringen som gjordes i ett inledande skede av samverkan mellan Posten och forskarlaget vid Linköpings universitet.
|
|
| 24. |
- Berglund, Martina, 1963-, et al.
(author)
-
Quality and equality? : A gender perspective on quality management research
- 2019
-
In: Proceedings of the 22nd QMOD-ICQSS Conference 2019: Leadership Strategies for Quality, Sustainability and Innovation in the 4th Industrial Revolution. - 9789176230862
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this paper is twofold, to investigate the representatio n of female researchers in QMOD publications and to describe in what way a gender perspective has beenapplied within QMOD publications.Design/Methodology/Approach: The paper is based on a literature review an d analysis ofthe papers in the QMOD proceedings for ever y other year from 2012 to 2018. After excluding papers where gender could not be identified for the first or second author, the final sampleincluded 555 papers. The papers were analysed with respect to gender in authorship, nationality, type of paper, QM research area, domain and gender perspective. Analysis of quantitative data was made with SPSS and Chi square testing. The papers with a gender perspective were further categorized through qualitativ e content analysis.Findings: The quantitative analysis showed that gender representation of first authors were 43.2% female and 56.8% male. Males accounted for most of the single authored papers (61%). The most common research areas and domains differed between genders. Female studied lean and research on employee and student related areas and the domains education and health care to a greater extent than males. Males, to a greater extent studied quality management in general and reliability and safety related topics and the domain manufacturing. Eighteen papers with a gender perspective were identified. These originated from 13 different countries and there were equal number of female and male first authors . A major topic was customer or user focus in pr oduct or service development with a dominance of papers focusing on the service sector.Practical implications: For researchers the results of the study demonstrate that there is stilla general need to increase the awareness of gender issues in QM research, both in terms of ensuring that ge nder issues are integrated in research projects and that any gender is not underrepresented in specific research roles. In product development there may also be a nuntapped potential in further quality development of products and services by focusing more on gender.Originality/Value of paper: There are no similar studies within the QM field. Gender is an area receiving increased interest within academia in terms of reques ts from research funding and increased awareness in higher education. The study shows that t here is a need for increased attention on gender issues within QM research.
|
|
| 25. |
- Berglund, Martina, 1963-, et al.
(author)
-
Scaling up and scaling down : Improvisational handling of critical work practices during the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2024
-
In: Management Learning. - : SAGE Publications Ltd. - 1350-5076 .- 1461-7307. ; 55, s. 305-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this article is to explore improvisational handling of critical work practices during the COVID-19 pandemic and interpret these practices from a learning perspective. Based on an interview study with representatives of private, public and intermediary organisations, the study identified three different types of improvisational handling as responses to the pandemic crisis involving ‘scaling up’ and ‘scaling down’ critical work practices. By ‘scaling up’ and ‘scaling down’, we refer to practices for which, due to the pandemic, it has been imperative to urgently scale up an existing operational process or develop a new process, and alternatively extensively scale down or cease an existing process. The types of improvisational handling differed depending on the discretion of involved actors in terms of the extent to which the tasks, methods and/or results were given beforehand. These types of improvisational handling resulted in temporary solutions that may become permanent after the pandemic. The framework and model proposed in the article can be used as a tool to analyse and learn from the changes in work practices that have been set in motion during the pandemic. Such learning may improve the ability to cope with future extensive crises and other rapid change situations. © The Author(s) 2022.
|
|
| 26. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(author)
-
Schedulers reality expectations and dependencies
- 2001
-
In: In Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Production Research, July 29-August 3, Prague, Czech Republic.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
|
|
| 27. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(author)
-
Schedulers’ work content – a quantified analysis
- 2006
-
In: Proceedings of the IEA2006 Congress.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The objective of this paper is to present a quantified analysis of the actual work activities of four schedulers within Swedish woodworking companies. Data collection was mainly based on observations of work activities. The findings show that about two thirds of the schedulers’ activities belong to what is generally considered to be the scheduling task. The remaining activities are dependent on the schedulers’ individual attributes as well as the context in which they work. Interruptions and disturbances are an important part of the schedulers’ work content, and may cause high workload and stress. A final conclusion is that the scheduling task can be regarded as a service task in an industrial context.
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(author)
-
The influence of production planners and schedulers at manufacturing and commercial interfaces
- 2008
-
In: Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing. - : Wiley. - 1090-8471 .- 1520-6564. ; 18:5, s. 548-564
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article describes empirical research undertaken to identify how production planners and schedulers in manufacturing businesses exert influence on employees in production and commercial departments. Through the analysis of observations and interviews conducted in four case studies, sources of power were identified and categorized. It was found that although production planners and schedulers often did not have formal authority, in practice they had considerable influence. In the main, their sources of influence resided in their access to information. company agendas, and influential arenas, as well as their knowledge and social skills. The discussion draws from the findings examining influencing behaviors and considering their implications. The findings inform associated research on the processes, behaviors. and roles that schedulers and planners perform at functional interfaces, in support of effective and responsive order fulfillment. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(author)
-
The unsung contribution of production planners and schedulers at production and sales interfaces
- 2011
-
In: Behavioral Operations in Planning and Scheduling. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. ; , s. 47-81
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This chapter sets out to demonstrate the unsung contribution of production planners and schedulers in manufacturing businesses. In particular it focuses on their contribution at production and sales interfaces by highlighting their activities and influence across functional interfaces, and the knowledge and skills they apply to make and implement planning and scheduling decisions. To achieve this it addresses the following questions in relation to these interfaces: What tasks and work activities does planning, scheduling and control consist of in relation to these interfaces? How do planners and schedulers perform their tasks? How can planners’ and schedulers’ activities related to production and sales interfaces be captured and modelled? How do planners and schedulers influence others in the organization? What knowledge do they contribute and how is it incorporated into decisions?
|
|
| 32. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(author)
-
The Unsung Contribution of Production Planners and Schedulers at Production and Sales Interfaces
- 2010
-
In: Behavioral Operations in Planning and Scheduling. - Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642133817 ; , s. 47-81
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Human and organizational factors have a substantial impact on the performance of planning and scheduling processes. Despite widespread and advanced decision support systems, human decision makers are still crucial to improve the operational performance in manufacturing industries. In this text, the state of the art in this area is discussed by experts from a wide variety of engineering and social science disciplines. Moreover, recent results from collaborative studies and a number of field cases are presented. The text is targeted at researchers and graduate students, but is also particularly useful for managers, consultants, and system developers to better understand how human performance can be advanced.Show more Show less
|
|
| 33. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(author)
-
Theme-based assessment of education in design and product development
- 2014
-
In: Proceedings of the 10th International CDIO Conference. - : Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- One fundamental challenge in choosing an examination form to assess student achievements is to find an examination which, both encourages students to continuously elaborate the course content and constitutes a learning process itself. The objective of this paper is to share and reflect on the development and implementation of a new theme-based examination in a six credit course in Product Ergonomics given in the engineering programme Design and Product Development at Linköping University, Sweden. The course runs during four months and has two parts: one theoretical and one applied. The former focuses on theoretical ergonomic topics, models and methods while the latter is a project aiming at consolidating the students’ understanding of the theory by implementing the knowledge in a product development case. To encourage the students to adapt a deep learning approach, the traditional written mid-term exam for the theoretical part was abandoned and another concept developed. In the new concept, the theoretical part was split onto six weekly themes. Each theme was introduced at the beginning of the week by high-lighting main theories and models followed by a group-work assignment to be elaborated on by the students during the week. The theme was examined at the end of the week through a short written exam and a seminar to discuss and reflect upon the theme. From a student perspective, the positive outcome of the theme-based examination was peer learning and a more active learning style. The students appreciated the theme-based structure of the course. Occasionally, some students commented that weekly examinations could be perceived as stressful. The teachers perceived the students to be more acquainted with ergonomics theory and methods which increased the quality of the course project. The reported theme-based assessment is one example of implementing among others the CDIO syllabus parts 2.2 and 3.1and CDIO standards 8 and 11.
|
|
| 34. |
- Berglund, Martina, et al.
(author)
-
Understanding the user beyond ‘common sense’ – teaching Product Ergonomics to design engineering students
- 2015
-
In: Proceedings 19th Triennial Congress of the IEA. - : International Ergonomics Association.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Multidisciplinary frameworks are needed to develop products that fit the human. Ergonomics is a multifaceted field that encompasses physical, cognitive and organizational aspects, and it is therefore a suitable subject to be taught to design engineering students.The objective of this paper was to describe and reflect upon how a systems perspective on Ergonomics is developed and conveyed in a course in Product Ergonomics to engineering students at the Design and Product Development (DPD) programme at Linköping University, Sweden. The paper is based on the authors’ experiences from teaching the course in Product Ergonomicsas well ason 52 students’ written reflections about their view on Ergonomics before and after taking the course.Means and ideas for teaching Ergonomics with a systems perspective included organizing a theoretical introduction into weekly themes and thereafter integrating and applying these themes in a product concept project under supervision of a multidisciplinary teacher team.The paper also reflects on how the systems perspective of Ergonomics is planned for and realized in the intended, implemented and attained curriculum.
|
|
| 35. |
- Berglund, Martina, 1963-
(author)
-
Using Tentacles in Planning and Scheduling Work : Activities, Roles and Contributions
- 2009
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Handling production scheduling is increasingly difficult for manyenterprises, and human involvement is necessary. The overall objective ofthis research was to gain further understanding of planners’ and schedulers’work within the manufacturing industry, to elucidate how their worksituation is formed, and to explain their significance to other employees’work and company activities. Scheduling work was studied in fourcompanies in the Swedish woodworking industry; a sawmill, a parquet floormanufacturer, a furniture manufacturer and a house manufacturer. Themethod used was activity analysis which is based on the analysis of workactivities in real work situations. Data collection included 20 days’observations and 65 interviews. Cross-case analysis with British cases onplanning work was also included.The findings revealed that the schedulers’ tasks lead to many activities. Twothirds of these are what can be expected. The remaining third constitutesactivities that depend on the schedulers’ individual attributes and the contextin which they work. The schedulers serve as problem solvers in a number ofdomains and constitute efficient information nodes, making them animportant service function. Furthermore, they have an alignment rolebetween different organizational groups. This role is specifically remarkablein dealing with production enquiries that must be aligned with productioncapability. Here, both planners and schedulers play an essential role inlinking the manufacturing and the commercial sides and their differentfunctional logics.Planners and schedulers in daily work exert strong influence on others. Theydo not hold legitimate power. Instead their influence emanates mainly fromaccess to and control of information and their ability to apply expertise tointerpret this information and examine the impact of decisions made acrossdifferent areas of the business. Personal power related to social skills is alsosignificant.Furthermore, they facilitate others’ work in continuous personalinteractions, serving the technical scheduling software system, and aligningdifferent organizational functions. In combination with expert knowledgeand developed social skills, they significantly contribute to quality operationsperformance. Finally, the schedulers influence the decision latitude of otheremployees and may indirectly promote job satisfaction, thus contributing todeveloping appropriate working conditions for others in the company.
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
- Elg, Mattias, 1968-, et al.
(author)
-
Sustainable working life development through interactive research
- 2018
-
In: PIN-C Conference Proccedings. ; , s. 1-5
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Interactive research has emerged as a new approach to collaborative research in working life research, and it is characterized by a continuous joint learning process between the researchers and the practitioners. In this paper we argue that interactive research is a way to advance scientific knowledge about the development of new types of work arrangements and development of sustainable working life. We present the basic ideas and benefits of the interactive research approach, illustrated through a practical case, the HELIX Competence Centre and discuss potential limitation and challenges associated with this form of collaborative research.
|
|
| 39. |
- Ellström, Per-Erik, 1947-, et al.
(author)
-
Interactive research : Concepts, contributions and challenges
- 2020
-
In: Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1741-038X .- 1758-7786. ; 31:8, s. 1517-1537
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose – This paper introduces interactive research as an emerging approach within a broad family of collaborative research approaches in management and organization research. Interactive research is a way to contribute to the dual tasks of long-term theory development and innovation and change processes in organizations. One of the distinguishing features of interactive research is a focus on continuous joint learning processes between the researchers and the involved practitioners. Design/methodology/approach – The basic concepts, contributions and challenges of the interactive research approach are presented and illustrated in the present paper through a practical case, the HELIX Centre. Findings – Interactive research is a way to advance scientific knowledge about the development of new types of work organizations and the development of sustainable operations. The multi-disciplinary and interactive research approach at HELIX has made it possible to reach a high degree of both rigour and relevance in research questions and projects. The authors identified five principles from the HELIX case that were instrumental in accomplishing the dual tasks of interactive research. Originality/value – The interactive research approach is a powerful method of collaboration between different stakeholders throughout the research process. This type of research makes it possible to interact at various levels of research, from the programme level, to research and development projects, to the individual level. The results from interactive research should not only be considered traditionally valid but also valid in relation to organizational and societal needs.
|
|
| 40. |
- Fava, Cristiano, et al.
(author)
-
Association between adducin-1 G460W variant and blood pressure in Swedes is dependent on interaction with body mass index and gender.
- 2007
-
In: American Journal of Hypertension. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1941-7225 .- 0895-7061. ; 20:9, s. 981-989
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The W allele of the G460W polymorphism in the adducin-1 gene has been occasionally associated with increased blood pressure (BP). The aim of this study was to test whether the G460W variant is associated with BP levels and BP progression rate and whether G460W associations with BP are affected by sex, body mass index (BMI), or age. Methods: The G460W polymorphism was genotyped in the population-based Malmo Diet and Cancer-cardiovascular arm (MDC-CVA; n = 6103), of whom 53% had also been examined 11 +/- 4.4 years earlier in the Malmo Preventive Project (MPP). Results: Among subjects without antihypertensive treatment (AHT) in the MDC-CVA (n = 5009), there was no difference between carriers (38%) and noncarriers (62%) of the W allele in systolic BP (139.2 +/- 18.2 v 139.2 +/- 18.5 mm Hg; P = .99) or diastolic BP (85.9 +/- 9.1 v 86.1 +/- 9.2 mm Hg; P = .49). In subjects free from AHT in the MPP and MDC (n = 2637) there was no difference between carriers (38%) and noncarriers (62%) in progression of systolic BP (2.0 +/- 2.5 v 2.0 +/- 2.7 mm Hg/year; P = .45) or diastolic BP (0.59 +/- 1.6 v 0.56 +/- 1.5 mm Hg/year; P = .66) from MPP to MDC. At MDC-CVA BP was influenced by interaction between the G460W and BMI (P = .02 for systolic BP and P = .002 for diastolic BP) and by interaction between G460W and sex (P = .03 for systolic BP and P = .02 for diastolic BP), a result further confirmed by stratified analysis showing that female carriers of the W allele belonging to the upper tertile of BMI had increased systolic BP (146.1 +/- 18.6 v 141.2 +/- 18.6 mm Hg; P < .001), diastolic BP (88.7 +/- 8.7 v 86.1 +/- 8.7 mm Hg; P < .001), and prevalence of hypertension (72.5% v 61.8 %; P = .001). Conclusions: Our data suggest that the G460W polymorphism influences BP when BMI and sex are taken into account.
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
- Fava, Cristiano, et al.
(author)
-
Homozygosity for the EPHX2 K55R polymorphism increases the long-term risk of ischemic stroke in men: a study in Swedes.
- 2010
-
In: Pharmacogenetics & Genomics. - 1744-6872. ; 20:2, s. 94-103
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The soluble epoxide hydrolase (gene name EPHX2) is responsible for metabolism of 8,9 11,12 and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, vasodilator and anti-inflammatory substances. There are several functional polymorphisms in the EPHX2 gene: two of them, the K55R and R287Q, showing an altered metabolic activity in vitro, were associated with coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke in previous studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of four polymorphisms in the EPHX2 gene on blood pressure levels, hypertension prevalence, and risk of incident cardiovascular events in a large sample of middle-aged Swedes. METHODS: The incidence of cardiovascular events (coronary events, n = 274; ischemic stroke, n = 197) was monitored over 10 years of follow-up. RESULTS: In the whole population, all polymorphisms had no effect on the studied parameters but a positive interaction between male sex and three SNPs including the K55R was evident: male, but not female, EPHX2 R55R homozygotes had significantly higher crude and adjusted systolic blood pressure and higher hypertension prevalence with respect to K-carriers. Kaplan-Meier curves showed higher incidence of ischemic strokes in male R55R homozygotes with respect to K-carriers (P = 0.015 by log-rank test). After adjustment for major cardiovascular risk factors, the hazard ratio for incident ischemic stroke in male R55R homozygotes remained significantly higher (hazard ratio: 4.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.2-19.9). CONCLUSION: The functional K55R polymorphism of the EPHX2 gene confers a higher risk of hypertension prevalence and increases the risk of incident ischemic stroke in male homozygotes. Additional studies are needed to confirm these data and to elucidate the interaction between sex and the EPHX2 K55R polymorphism.
|
|
| 43. |
- Fava, Cristiano, et al.
(author)
-
The common functional polymorphism -50G>T of the CYP2J2 gene is not associated with ischemic coronary and cerebrovascular events in an urban-based sample of Swedes.
- 2010
-
In: Journal of Hypertension. - 1473-5598. ; 28:2, s. 294-299
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: CYP2J2 is responsible for the production of 5,6 8,9 11,12 and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, vasodilator and anti-inflammatory substances. It is abundantly expressed in human heart and also present in kidney and vasculature. Carriers of a common polymorphism, the CYP2J2-50G>T, rs890293, have reduced expression of CYP2J2 mRNA level in the heart putatively through the interference with a binding site for a transcription factor with consequently reduced circulating levels of CYP2J2 epoxygenase metabolites in vivo. AIM: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of this functional polymorphism on blood pressure (BP) levels, hypertension prevalence, and risk of incident cardiovascular events in middle-aged Swedes. METHODS: The CYP2J2 polymorphism was genotyped in 5740 participants of the cardiovascular cohort of the 'Malmö Diet and Cancer' study. The incidence of cardiovascular events (coronary events, n = 261; ischemic stroke, n = 185) was monitored over 10 years of follow-up. RESULTS: In the whole population the polymorphism had no effect on BP and hypertension prevalence and no interaction was found between the polymorphism and sex, age or body mass index. Before and after adjustment for major cardiovascular risk factors, the hazard ratio for incident ischemic stroke and coronary events was not significantly different in carriers of different genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Our data do not support a major role for the CYP2J2-50G>T variant in determining BP level and incident ischemic events. Other studies are needed to elucidate if other polymorphisms in the same gene could have a role in BP homeostasis or incidence of cardiovascular events.
|
|
| 44. |
- Fava, Cristiano, et al.
(author)
-
The functional variant of the CLC-Kb channel T481S is not associated with blood pressure or hypertension in Swedes.
- 2007
-
In: Journal of Hypertension. - 1473-5598. ; 25:1, s. 111-116
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective A common threonine481serine polymorphism (T481S) has been shown in vitro to strongly activate the chloride channel Kb (CLC-Kb) expressed in the kidney, and the 481S allele has been associated with human hypertension. The study aim was to evaluate the association of the T481 S polymorphism with blood pressure (BP) levels and the BP progression rate in Swedes. Design and methods The cardiovascular cohort of the Malmo Diet and Cancer (MDC) study is a population surveyed in 1991-1996 (n = 6103, DNA available on n = 6055), 53% of whom had also been examined 11 +/- 4.4 years earlier in the Malmo preventive Project (MPP) Hypertension was defined as having BP above 140/90 mmHg or being on antihypertensive therapy (AHT). Carriers of one or two copies of the 481S allele were compared with T481T homozygotes (noncarriers). Results Among individuals without AHT in the MIX study (n = 4988) there was no difference between carriers (n = 1164, 23%) and noricarriers (n = 3824, 77%) in systolic BP (139.3 +/- 8.3 vs 139.2 +/- 8.3 mmHg, P=0.82) or diastolic BP (86.0 +/- 9.1 vs 86.0 +/- 9.2 mmHg, P = 0.95). In subjects free from AHT at the Ill and Ill studies (n = 2627) there was no difference between carriers (n = 607, 23%) and noricarriers (n = 2020, 77%) in progression of systolic BP (2.1 +/- 2.6 vs 2.0 +/- 2.8 mmHg/year, P = 0.72) or diastolic BP (0.57 +/- 1.4 vs 0.58 +/- 1.6 mmHg/year, P = 0.85) from Ill to Ill Multivariate analysis gave no support of interaction between the CLC-Kb 481S polymorphism, gender, age or body mass index regarding their effect on BP. Conclusion Our data do not support a role of the CLC-Kb T481S polymorphism in BP regulation in Swedes.
|
|
| 45. |
- Fava, Cristiano, et al.
(author)
-
The V433M Variant of the CYP4F2 Is Associated With Ischemic Stroke in Male Swedes Beyond Its Effect on Blood Pressure.
- 2008
-
In: Hypertension. - 1524-4563. ; 52, s. 373-380
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cytochrome (CYP) 4A11 and CYP4F2 are responsible for renal production of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, a vasoconstrictor and natriuretic substance. The CYP4A11 F434S and CYP4F2 V433M polymorphisms reduce 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid production in vitro. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of these polymorphisms on blood pressure (BP) levels, hypertension prevalence, and risk of incident cardiovascular events in middle-aged Swedes. The polymorphisms were genotyped in the cardiovascular cohort of the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. The incidence of cardiovascular events (coronary events, n=276; ischemic stroke, n=199) was monitored over 10 years of follow-up. The analysis of BP levels was performed twice: either excluding or including subjects under antihypertensive treatment. In the whole population, CYP4A11 S434S homozygotes had higher systolic BP, both crude and adjusted for the number of antihypertensive drugs, and higher prevalence of hypertension with respect to F434 carriers. Male, but not female, CYP4F2 M433 carriers had significantly higher crude and adjusted systolic and diastolic BPs and a trend toward higher hypertension prevalence (P=0.06) with respect to V433V homozygotes. After adjustment for major cardiovascular risk factors, the hazard ratio for incident ischemic stroke in male CYP4F2 M433 carriers was significantly higher with respect to V433V homozygotes (hazard ratio: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.10 to 2.60) even when baseline BP levels and hypertension prevalence were included in the Cox proportional hazard model. A common CYP4F2 V433M polymorphism might increase the risk of incident ischemic stroke in male subjects only partially through its elevating effect on BP. Additional studies are needed to confirm these data.
|
|
| 46. |
- Harlin, Ulrika, et al.
(author)
-
Designing for sustainable work during industrial startups—the case of a high-growth entrepreneurial firm
- 2021
-
In: Small Business Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 52:7, s. 807-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- New firms face challenges regarding pace, time, scalability, and societal changes, requiring increased attention to sustainable work prerequisites. However, this dimension of social sustainability is less studied than economic and ecological sustainability. This paper addresses how sustainable work is considered in an entrepreneurial startup carrying out a greenfield project within a new industrial domain. Data were collected for 30 months in a longitudinal case study. The study shows that (i) working condition challenges were drivers for innovative solution-oriented approaches with potential for rapid decision-making, flexibility, and to attract, recruit, retain, and develop talented people; (ii) a strategic focus on sustainability and collective contribution to a purpose-driven vision were important enablers for taking steps of operationalising sustainable work dimensions during the startup; and (iii) the firm’s early stakeholder collaboration addressing working conditions was an important means for design for sustainable work and their role as agents of sustainable work. Research implications are how sustainable work can be considered during startups and through stakeholder collaboration. Furthermore, the case contributes to increased knowledge of how the three pillars of sustainability—economic, ecological, and social sustainability—are interrelated and are suggested to be continuously considered over time, specifically during rapid major changes.
|
|
| 47. |
- Harlin, Ulrika, et al.
(author)
-
Dialogverktyget Work Balance i praktiken : En lärande utvärdering för hållbart arbete
- 2022
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- För att svara upp mot utmaningarna inom det organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljöområdet och främja ett hållbart arbetsliv har Scania utvecklat dialogverktyget Work Balance. Det är forskningsbaserat och avser ge stöd och struktur åt chefer att föra djupare och regelbunden dialog med medarbetare kring upplevelser av arbetssituationer. Dialogen är strukturerad inom de fyra ämnesområdena Hanterbarhet, Begriplighet, Meningsfullhet och Återhämtning, och avses användas på frivillig basis i grupp eller individuellt. HELIX har i samarbete med Scania genomfört en lärande utvärdering av Work Balance. Syftet med denna utvärdering var att identifiera möjliggörare och hinder för användningen av Work Balance samt att ta fram förbättringsförslag som underlag för Scanias vidareutveckling av dialogverktyget. HELIX-forskare intervjuade 44 medarbetare, första och andra linjens chefer ur produktions- och kontorsmiljö, från sex produktionsenheter i fyra länder. Dessa använde eller hade valt att inte använda dialogverktyget. Resultaten visar en över lag positiv syn på Work Balance, på frivilligheten i användningen, relevansen, anpassningsbarheten, flexibiliteten och det varierade användningssättet. Men vid en produktionsenhet där verktyget inte fungerat som önskat har användningen avbrutits. Implementeringen varierade avseende tydlighet i information och träning i verktyget. Användningsförutsättningarna varierade kraftigt beroende på tidigare erfarenheter, kultur och mognad hos team och chefer att vara öppna och sätta ord på känslor. Användningen varierade även mellan produktionsenheter. Vid regelbunden användning var man mycket nöjd, men andra som inte sett nyttan hade slutat använda Work Balance. I produktion var teamen större, tiden mer begränsad, språk och frågor kändes mer abstrakta och användningen upplevdes svårare än i kontor. Högre chefers efterfrågan av användning tenderade ge en mer uthållig användning. Upplevda effekter var; öppnare klimat, bättre kommunikation, ökat samförstånd och tidigare identifiering av problem. Många trodde på en indirekt positiv koppling mellan Work Balance och nyckeltal. En enklare version av Work Balance efterfrågades, men också bättre hantering av identifierade problem, där mer stöd och utbildning till chefer och team behövs. En väl utvecklad förbättringskultur torde vara en bra grund för en utvecklad dialog där Work Balance kopplas till andra verktyg eller metoder som används i teamets kärnprocesser.
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
- Harlin, Ulrika, et al.
(author)
-
Samverkans betydelse vid kris och radikal förändring : Strategisk, taktisk och operativ samverkan i arbetet under covid-19 pandemin
- 2022
-
In: Book of abstracts.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Under de senaste åren har samhället, företag och organisationer i de flesta sektorer och individerpåverkats och tvingats agera för att snabbt mobilisera och hantera den stora oförutsedda krissituationsom uppstått p.g.a. Covid-19 pandemin. Tidigare studier under allvarliga ekonomiska kriser visar attorganisationer har större förutsättningar att lyckas om de kan hantera sin dagliga verksamhet ochsamtidigt anpassa sig till stora förändringar (Wallo, Kock och Nilsson, 2012)1. Verksamheter behöversåledes en förmåga att samverka i det strategiskt arbete och mobilisering, men också att kunnaförebygga risker och realisera beslut, vilket kräver utformning av stöd och arbetssätt på en taktisknivå. Stora förändringar har också stor påverkan på en operativ nivå där förståelse behövs kringarbetsuppgifter från ett individ- och teamperspektiv, hur hela arbetssituationen påverkas och effekterom till exempel nya arbetssätt, ändrade roller och nya risker.SyfteSyftet är att lyfta fram olika perspektiv på betydelsen av samverkan inom och mellan strategiska,taktiska och operativa nivåer i organisationer under den inledande fasen av Covid-19 pandemin.MetodResultaten baserar sig huvudsakligen på det pågående forskningsprojektet ”Förnyelseförmåga ochhållbar arbetsmiljö vid snabba svängningar, Spin-off” kompletterat med illustrativa exempel från detavslutade projektet ”Skyddsutrustning vid Covid-19: Metodik för produktion och instruktioner”, bådafinansierade av AFA Försäkring.Metodik i Spin-off projektet: Data samlades in i en intervjustudie med utvalda respondenter medstrategisk funktion och intermediärer inom offentliga och privata organisationer. Totalt innefattadestudien semi-strukturerade intervjuer med 65 respondenter, samtliga ljudinspelade och transkriberade.Frågorna innefattade bland annat Covid-19-pandemins effekter i organisationer och arbetsplatser medfokus på upp- respektive nedskalning, effekter på verksamheten, arbetsuppgifter, samarbeten,arbetsmiljöarbetet och arbetsmiljön. Med upp- respektive nedskalning avses här arbetsprocesser sompå grund av pandemin har varit absolut nödvändigt att initiera/utveckla alternativt upphöra ellerdrastiskt dra ner på. I studien ingick även frågor kring möjliga långsiktiga effekter ”efter pandemin”,och lärdomar att ta tillvara inför framtiden för att stå bättre rustade i en allt snabbare förändringstakt.Metodik i Skyddsutrustningsprojektet: Datainsamling gjordes genom produktionsprocesskartläggningoch dokumentation av metoder för tillverkning av skyddsvisir och långärmade skyddsrockar vid ettpar av de tillfälliga produktionsstationer som byggdes upp under pandemins första år. Underlag förriskbedömning och skriftliga rutiner för basal hygien och användning av skyddsutrustning samlades insom data från en kommun och för utveckling av visuella instruktioner. I digitala workshops med tvåhemtjänstenheter (totalt 42 medarbetare) samlades data in om hur och när de lärt sig användaskyddsutrustning och förutsättningar att följa instruktioner i det operativa arbetet.ResultatSpin-off-studien visade att organisationer och arbetsplatser påverkades drastiskt av yttre händelser därdet uppstod nya situationer som triggade initiativ till nya former av samverkan för att lösa problem.Studien visade att pandemin ”luckrade upp” tidigare fasta strukturer vilket accelererade innovativasamarbeten över traditionella gränser med potential för förnyelse på lång sikt. Resultat från bådastudierna belyste exempel på samverkan såväl inom som mellan olika nivåer (strategiskt, taktiskt, ochoperativt).Exempel på samverkan på strategisk nivå var mobilisering och krishantering i många verksamhetergenom tvärfunktionellt och tvärorganisatoriskt samarbete. Nya strategier och arbetssätt utvecklades föraffärsverksamheten, men också för att säkra effektiv kommunikation, information och godaarbetsförhållanden under krisen. Exempel på samverkan på taktisk nivå var sektorsövergripandesamarbete mellan vård- och omsorgssektorn och svensk industri med syfte att säkra personligskyddsutrustning genom tillfällig beredskapsproduktion. Utmaningar var att snabbt ställa ombefintliga produktionsprocesser till nya typer av produkter, skala upp produktionsvolymer och säkrakvaliteten med relativt otränad personal. Samarbetet under produktionsstart av skyddsutrustning varberoende av ett tvärfunktionellt och tvärorganisatoriskt kunskapsutbyte relaterat till råmaterialkrav,standardiserade instruktioner, produktionsprocesser och produktinformation. Exempel på samverkanpå operativ nivå var tvärfunktionella samarbeten över organisationsgränser kring riskanalyser somsamordnats, såsom kombinerade patientssäkerhetsronder och arbetsmiljöronder som medförthelhetsförståelse och samordningsvinster.Gap i samverkan mellan strategiska, taktiska och operativa nivåer synliggjordes iskyddsutrusningsprojektet där riskbedömning och rutiner för användning av skyddsutrustning iäldreomsorgen som tagits fram på strategisk samverkansnivå saknade anpassning till de faktiskaoperativa förutsättningarna att följa rutiner och instruktioner. Andra utmaningar var relaterade tillpartsgemensamt arbetsmiljöarbete där t.ex. en skyddskommitté utvecklade förslag och beslut omåtgärder (strategisk samverkansnivå) som sedan skulle genomföras i praktiken på arbetsplatser(operativ samverkansnivå). I den höga förändringstakten som pandemin krävde så synliggjordesutvecklingsbehov i Spin-off studien där strukturer ständigt behövde utvecklas och omstruktureras itakt med förändringar, och kontinuerlig samverkan behövdes mellan lokala arbetsplatser ochorganisationens verksamhetsutvecklingsprocesser. En styrka i verksamheter var den samladeuppslutning som uppstod under krisen och förmåga till snabb omställning för samverkan övertraditionella gränser. Främjande faktorer för samverkan både inom och mellan nivåer var uppbyggdasamarbeten och förtroendefulla relationer som fanns innan pandemin. Ytterligare en framgångsfaktorvar förmågan att nyttja digitala lösningar där arbetsuppgifter och samverkan behövde ske på distans.Den digitala tekniken var en central möjliggörare men resultat från Spin-off studien pekar påpotentiella risker för t.ex. segregering mellan yrkesgrupper/nyanställda och utmaningar för ledarskappå distans.Vid större förändringar eller kriser pekar studierna på att det finns stora utmaningar i att få samverkanatt flöda mellan operativa, strategiska och taktiska nivåer, där fördjupade studier rekommenderas.
|
|
| 50. |
|
|
