| 1. |
- Luo, Yifei, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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| 2. |
- Huang, Zhao, et al.
(författare)
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Preparation of gold nanoparticles via anodic stripping of copper underpotential deposition in bulk gold electrodeposition for high-performance electrochemical sensing of bisphenol a
- 2023
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Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 28:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bisphenol A is one of the most widely used industrial compounds. Over the years, it has raised severe concern as a potential hazard to the human endocrine system and the environment. Developing robust and easy-to-use sensors for bisphenol A is important in various areas, such as controlling and monitoring water purification and sewage water systems, food safety monitoring, etc. Here, we report an electrochemical method to fabricate a bisphenol A (BPA) sensor based on a modified Au nanoparticles/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composite electrocatalyst electrode (AuCu-UPD/MWCNTs/GCE). Firstly, the Au-Cu alloy was prepared via a convenient and controllable Cu underpotential/bulk Au co-electrodeposition on a multiwalled modified carbon nanotubes glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Then, the AuCu-UPD/MWCNTs/GCE was obtained via the electrochemical anodic stripping of Cu underpotential deposition (UPD). Our novel prepared sensor enables the high-electrocatalytic and high-performance sensing of BPA. Under optimal conditions, the modified electrode showed a two-segment linear response from 0.01 to 1 µM and 1 to 20 µM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.43 nM based on differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Determination of BPA in real water samples using AuCu-UPD/MWCNTs/GCE yielded satisfactory results. The proposed electrochemical sensor is promising for the development of a simple, low-cost water quality monitoring system for the detection of BPA in ambient water samples.
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| 3. |
- Khan, Muhammad Azeem, et al.
(författare)
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Value of Information and Timing-aware Scheduling for Federated Learning
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 IEEE CONFERENCE ON STANDARDS FOR COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING, CSCN. - : IEEE. - 9798350395389 - 9798350395396 ; , s. 94-99
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data possesses significant value as it fuels advancements in AI. However, protecting the privacy of the data generated by end-user devices has become crucial. Federated Learning (FL) offers a solution by preserving data privacy during training. FL brings the model directly to User Equipments (UEs) for local training by an access point (AP). The AP periodically aggregates trained parameters from UEs, enhancing the model and sending it back to them. However, due to communication constraints, only a subset of UEs can update parameters during each global aggregation. Consequently, developing innovative scheduling algorithms is vital to enable complete FL implementation and enhance FL convergence. In this paper, we present a scheduling policy combining Age of Update (AoU) concepts and data Shapley metrics. This policy considers the freshness and value of received parameter updates from individual data sources and real-time channel conditions to enhance FL's operational efficiency. The proposed algorithm is simple, and its effectiveness is demonstrated through simulations.
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| 4. |
- Qi, Xingmei, et al.
(författare)
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Spider silk protein forms amyloid-like nanofibrils through a non-nucleation-dependent polymerization mechanism
- 2023
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Ingår i: Small. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829. ; 18:46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amyloid fibrils—nanoscale fibrillar aggregates with high levels of order—are pathogenic in some today incurable human diseases; however, there are also many physiologically functioning amyloids in nature. The process of amyloid formation is typically nucleation-elongation-dependent, as exemplified by the pathogenic amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) that is associated with Alzheimer's disease. Spider silk, one of the toughest biomaterials, shares characteristics with amyloid. In this study, it is shown that forming amyloid-like nanofibrils is an inherent property preserved by various spider silk proteins (spidroins). Both spidroins and Aβ capped by spidroin N- and C-terminal domains, can assemble into macroscopic spider silk-like fibers that consist of straight nanofibrils parallel to the fiber axis as observed in native spider silk. While Aβ forms amyloid nanofibrils through a nucleation-dependent pathway and exhibits strong cytotoxicity and seeding effects, spidroins spontaneously and rapidly form amyloid-like nanofibrils via a non-nucleation-dependent polymerization pathway that involves lateral packing of fibrils. Spidroin nanofibrils share amyloid-like properties but lack strong cytotoxicity and the ability to self-seed or cross-seed human amyloidogenic peptides. These results suggest that spidroins' unique primary structures have evolved to allow functional properties of amyloid, and at the same time direct their fibrillization pathways to avoid formation of cytotoxic intermediates.
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| 5. |
- Qi, Xingmei, et al.
(författare)
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Spider Silk Protein Forms Amyloid-Like Nanofibrils through a Non-Nucleation-Dependent Polymerization Mechanism (Small 46/2023)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Small. - : Wiley. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829. ; 19:46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amyloid fibrils—nanoscale fibrillar aggregates with high levels of order—are pathogenic in some today incurable human diseases; however, there are also many physiologically functioning amyloids in nature. The process of amyloid formation is typically nucleation-elongation-dependent, as exemplified by the pathogenic amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) that is associated with Alzheimer's disease. Spider silk, one of the toughest biomaterials, shares characteristics with amyloid. In this study, it is shown that forming amyloid-like nanofibrils is an inherent property preserved by various spider silk proteins (spidroins). Both spidroins and Aβ capped by spidroin N- and C-terminal domains, can assemble into macroscopic spider silk-like fibers that consist of straight nanofibrils parallel to the fiber axis as observed in native spider silk. While Aβ forms amyloid nanofibrils through a nucleation-dependent pathway and exhibits strong cytotoxicity and seeding effects, spidroins spontaneously and rapidly form amyloid-like nanofibrils via a non-nucleation-dependent polymerization pathway that involves lateral packing of fibrils. Spidroin nanofibrils share amyloid-like properties but lack strong cytotoxicity and the ability to self-seed or cross-seed human amyloidogenic peptides. These results suggest that spidroins´ unique primary structures have evolved to allow functional properties of amyloid, and at the same time direct their fibrillization pathways to avoid formation of cytotoxic intermediates.
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| 6. |
- Wang, Wendi, et al.
(författare)
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Federated Learning with Partial Gradients Over-the-Air
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 20TH ANNUAL IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SENSING, COMMUNICATION, AND NETWORKING, SECON. - : IEEE. - 9798350300529 - 9798350300536
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We develop a theoretical framework to study the training of federated learning models with partial gradients via over-the-air computing. The system consists of an edge server and multiple clients, aiming to collaboratively minimize a global loss function. The clients conduct local training and upload the intermediate parameters (e.g. the gradients) by analog transmissions. Specifically, each client modulates the entries of its local gradient onto a set of common orthogonal waveforms and sends out the signal simultaneously to the edge server; owing to the limited number of orthogonal waveforms, only a subset of the parameters can be selected for uploading during each round of communication. On the server side, it passes the received analog signal to a bank of match filters and obtains a noisy partial gradient vector. The server then uses this partial gradient to update the global parameter and feeds the new model back to all the clients for another round of local training. We derive the convergence rate of such a model training algorithm. We also conduct experiments to investigate the effects of different masking schemes on the convergence performance. The findings advance the understanding of over-the-air federated learning and provide useful insights for system designs.
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