| 1. |
- Öylü, Gülin, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Tackling ageism during a global health crisis: multilevel, intersectoral & transnational collaboration for active and healthyageing
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This Policy Brief portrays two large-scale international projects which take on the ageing challenge, one focusing on tackling ‘ageism’, and the other one on improving multilevel governance and evidence-based decision-making for ‘active and healthy ageing’ (AHA). Both EuroAgeism and ASTAHG have picked up on the ageing challenge as they aim to understand the obstacles that people face because of their age, try to improve the overall quality of life of older people, and to remove barriers for their active participation in an age-inclusive society. The relevance of projects like ASTAHG and EuroAgeism has been well recognized even before the COVID-19 pandemic, but their importance has risen drastically ever since.
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| 2. |
- Abel, Ian, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Multiscale modelling for tokamak pedestals
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Plasma Physics. - 0022-3778 .- 1469-7807. ; 84:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pedestal modelling is crucial to predict the performance of future fusion devices. Current modelling efforts suffer either from a lack of kinetic physics, or an excess of computational complexity. To ameliorate these problems, we take a first-principles multiscale approach to the pedestal. We will present three separate sets of equations, covering the dynamics of edge localised modes (ELMs), the inter-ELM pedestal and pedestal turbulence, respectively. Precisely how these equations should be coupled to each other is covered in detail. This framework is completely self-consistent; it is derived from first principles by means of an asymptotic expansion of the fundamental Vlasov-Landau-Maxwell system in appropriate small parameters. The derivation exploits the narrowness of the pedestal region, the smallness of the thermal gyroradius and the low plasma beta (the ratio of thermal to magnetic pressures) typical of current pedestal operation to achieve its simplifications. The relationship between this framework and gyrokinetics is analysed, and possibilities to directly match our systems of equations onto multiscale gyrokinetics are explored. A detailed comparison between our model and other models in the literature is performed. Finally, the potential for matching this framework onto an open-field-line region is briefly discussed.
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| 3. |
- Romaguera, Dora, et al.
(författare)
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Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Lower Abdominal Adiposity in European Men and Women
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1541-6100 .- 0022-3166. ; 139:9, s. 1728-1737
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given the lack of consistent evidence of the relationship between Mediterranean dietary patterns and body fat, we assessed the cross-sectional association between adherence to a modified Mediterranean diet, BMI, and waist circumference (WC). A total of 497,308 individuals (70.7% women) aged 25-70 y from 10 European countries participated in this study. Diet was assessed at baseline using detailed validated country-specific questionnaires, and anthropometrical measurements were collected using standardized procedures. The association between the degree of adherence to the modified-Mediterranean Diet Score (mMDS) (including high consumption of vegetables, legumes, fruits and nuts, cereals, fish and seafood, and unsaturated: saturated fatty acids ratio; moderate alcohol intake; and low consumption of meat and meat products and dairy products) and BMI (kg.m(-2)) or WC (cm was modeled through mixed-effects linear regression, controlling for potential confounders. Overall, the mMDS was not significantly associated with BMI. Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly associated with lower WC, for a given BMI, in both men (-0.09; 95% CI -0.14 to -0.04) and women (-0.06; 95% CI -0.10 to -0.01). The association was stronger in men (-0.20; 95% CI -0.23 to -0.17) and women (-0.17; 95% CI -0.21 to -0.13) from Northern European countries. Despite the observed heterogeneity among regions, results of this study suggest that adherence to a modified Mediterranean diet, high in foods of vegetable origin and unsaturated fatty acids, is associated with lower abdominal adiposity measured by WC in European men and women. J. Nutr. 139: 1728-1737, 2009.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Proudfoot, Philip
(författare)
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Lebanon Can't Give Him a Future : Revolutionary Subjectivity and Syrian Rebel-Workers in Beirut
- 2019
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Ingår i: Syria: From National Independence to Proxy War. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319984582 - 9783319984575 ; , s. 133-158
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter traces the Syrian crisis through the lives of Syrian labourers in Beirut. Lebanon has maintained a significant population of migrant workers for decades. Men undertook largely seasonal work with extended periods of wage labour abroad. However, there was little evidence of permanent settlement and few signs that a second-generation of Syrians settling permanently across the border. The chapter describes how and why — when the first rumbling of the uprising began to break — a number of migrant workers expressed support for what they called ‘the revolution’. From this, it moves to chart the overbearing harsh realities of the present, that is, realities of intense legal, economic and social precarity against which men hope only to survive.
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| 6. |
- Browall, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Health-related quality of life during adjuvant treatment for breast cancer among postmenopausal women
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oncology Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 1462-3889 .- 1532-2122. ; 12:3, s. 180-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was twofold: first, to describe changes of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) during the adjuvant treatment among postmenopausal women with breast cancer; second, in the same population to identify the best predictors of Overall Quality of Life (QoL) after treatment, from perceived functioning, symptoms, emotional distress and clinical/demographic variables measured at baseline. The study group was 150 women (>= 55 years of age) scheduled for adjuvant chemotherapy (CT, n=75) or radiotherapy (RT, n=75). They were examined before (baseline), during and after completing the treatment. Data about QoL, perceived functioning, symptoms and emotional distress were collected with the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)-QLQ-C30, BR23 and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaires. The general finding was that the adjuvant treatments were associated with decrease in overall QoL, physical and role functioning, anxiety and body image, as well as with increase in fatigue, dyspnoea, pain, nausea/vomiting, constipation and systemic therapy side effects measured over time. For women receiving CT, better emotional functioning and less pain at baseline predicted better overall QoL at the end of the treatment. For women receiving RT, better physical and emotional functioning, less breast symptoms and lower tumour stage at baseline predicted better overall QoL at the end of the treatment.
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| 7. |
- Clément, E, et al.
(författare)
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Spectroscopic Quadrupole Moments in ^{96,98}Sr: Evidence for Shape Coexistence in Neutron-Rich Strontium Isotopes at N=60.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 116:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neutron-rich ^{96,98}Sr isotopes have been investigated by safe Coulomb excitation of radioactive beams at the REX-ISOLDE facility. Reduced transition probabilities and spectroscopic quadrupole moments have been extracted from the differential Coulomb excitation cross sections. These results allow, for the first time, the drawing of definite conclusions about the shape coexistence of highly deformed prolate and spherical configurations. In particular, a very small mixing between the coexisting states is observed, contrary to other mass regions where strong mixing is present. Experimental results have been compared to beyond-mean-field calculations using the Gogny D1S interaction in a five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian formalism, which reproduce the shape change at N=60.
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| 8. |
- Klintman, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in expression of genes representing key biologic processes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer, and prognostic implications in residual disease
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical Cancer Research. - 1078-0432. ; 22:10, s. 2405-2416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The primary aim was to derive evidence for or against the clinical importance of several biologic processes in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) by assessing expression of selected genes with prior implications in prognosis or treatment resistance. The secondary aim was to determine the prognostic impact in residual disease of the genes' expression. Experimental Design: Expression levels of 24 genes were quantified by NanoString nCounter on formalin-fixed paraffinembedded residual tumors from 126 patients treated with NAC and 56 paired presurgical biopsies. The paired t test was used for testing changes in gene expression, and Cox regression and penalized elastic-net Cox Regression for estimating HRs. Results: After NAC, 12 genes were significantly up- and 8 downregulated. Fourteen genes were significantly associated with time to recurrence in univariable analysis in residual disease. In a multivariable model, ACACB, CD3D, MKI67, and TOP2A added prognostic value independent of clinical ER-, PgR-, and HER2- status. In ER+/HER2- patients, ACACB, PAWR, and ERBB2 predicted outcome, whereas CD3D and PAWR were prognostic in ER-/HER2- patients. By use of elastic-net analysis, a 6-gene signature (ACACB, CD3D, DECORIN, ESR1, MKI67, PLAU) was identified adding prognostic value independent of ER, PgR, and HER2. Conclusions: Most of the tested genes were significantly enriched or depleted in response to NAC. Expression levels of genes representing proliferation, stromal activation, metabolism, apoptosis, stemcellness, immunologic response, and Ras-ERK activation predicted outcome in residual disease. Themultivariable gene models identified could, if validated, be used to identify patients needing additional post-neoadjuvant treatment to improve prognosis.
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| 9. |
- Rebuffi, Luca, et al.
(författare)
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On the reliability of powder diffraction Line Profile Analysis of plastically deformed nanocrystalline systems.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An iron-molybdenum alloy powder was extensively deformed by high energy milling, so to refine the bcc iron domain size to nanometer scale (~10 nm) and introduce a strong inhomogeneous strain. Both features contribute to comparable degree to the diffraction peak profile broadening, so that size and strain contributions can be easily separated by exploiting their different dependence on the diffraction angle. To assess the reliability of Line Profile Analysis, results were compared with evidence from other techniques, including scanning and transmission electron microscopy and X-ray small angle scattering. Results confirm the extent of the size broadening effect, whereas molecular dynamics simulations provide insight into the origin of the local atomic, inhomogeneous strain, pointing out the role of dislocations, domain boundaries and interactions among crystalline domains.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Dribe, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Widowhood strategies in preindustrial society
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Interdisciplinary History. - : MIT Press - Journals. - 0022-1953 .- 1530-9169. ; 38:2, s. 207-232
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Browall, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Information needs of women with recently diagnosed ovarian cancer - A longitudinal study
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oncology Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 1462-3889 .- 1532-2122. ; 8:3, s. 200-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the information needs among patients with ovarian cancer and whether these information needs change over time. The information needs were evaluated three times, through structured interviews, and were based on the paired comparison approach developed by Degner and colleagues. A consecutive sample of patients (n=82) with recently diagnosed ovarian cancer was asked to participate.Sixty-four patients (78%) chose to participate. The three different measurements of participants' information needs revealed only small changes in these needs. The three most important information needs, in all measurements, were information about the likelihood of cure, information about the stage and spreading of the disease, and information about different treatment options. Information regarding sexual attractiveness was the lowest ranked item in all measurements. Regarding subgroups (age, education) the only significant difference throughout all measurements was that younger patients rated issues of sexual attractiveness higher than older patients (p=0.005).In this longitudinal study patients with ovarian cancer ranked information about the disease and its treatment (i.e. likelihood of cure, stage of disease, and treatment options) highest, and information about psychosocial aspects and self-care lowest. These findings are in accordance with the results from studies of women diagnosed with other types of cancer, which used the same methodology. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 14. |
- Katsogiannos, Petros, et al.
(författare)
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Early Changes in Adipose Tissue Morphology, Gene Expression, and Metabolism After RYGB in Patients With Obesity and T2D
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 104:7, s. 2601-2613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery effectively prevents or treats type 2 diabetes (T2D). Adipose tissue (AT) mechanisms may be of importance.Objective: To assess the relationship between early changes in whole-body and AT metabolism in surgically treated patients with T2D.Design and Setting: A randomized single-center study.Patients: Nineteen patients with T2D with body mass index 30 to 45 kg/m(2).Interventions: Thirteen patients were assessed at baseline and 4 and 24 weeks after RYGB (preceded by a 4-week low-calorie diet) and compared with 6 control patients continuing standard medical treatment: oral glucose tolerance test, subcutaneous AT biopsies for gene expression, adipocyte size, glucose uptake, lipolysis, and insulin action.Results: At 4 and 24 weeks post-RYGB, all patients but one had stopped diabetes medication. Fasting glucose, HbA(1c), and insulin levels decreased and the Matsuda index increased compared with baseline (P < 0.01 for all), indicating improved whole-body insulin sensitivity. Mean adipocyte size significantly reduced, more at 4 than at 24 weeks; at 4 weeks, glucose uptake per adipocyte was lowered, and isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis tended to increase, whereas the fold insulin effects on glucose uptake and lipolysis were unchanged. Expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, CPT1b and adiponectin, was increased at 4 weeks, whereas leptin and E2F1 (involved in cell proliferation) were reduced (P < 0.05 for all).Conclusion: Glycemic control and in vivo insulin sensitivity improved 4 weeks after RYGB, but adipocyte insulin sensitivity did not change despite a marked reduction in adipocyte size. Thus, mechanisms for a rapid improvement of T2D after RYGB may occur mainly in other tissues than adipose.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Alves, André, 1981
(författare)
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Obligatory parasite
- 2016
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Ingår i: O Armário (Lisbon, Portugal)..
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Konstnärligt arbete (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Obligatory Parasite is a text and installation dealing with the limits of desire, the protocols for manifestation of desire, but also, the normalization of desire.
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| 19. |
- Obel, Josephine, et al.
(författare)
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Sexual and reproductive health and HIV in border districts affected by migration and poverty in Tanzania
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1362-5187 .- 1473-0782. ; 19:6, s. 420-431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To assess HIV knowledge, attitudes, sexual practices and sexual and reproductive health ( SRH) service delivery in border areas of Tanzania, with a view to support the prioritisation of SRH interventions in border areas. Methods The target sample comprised randomly selected people living near the border, aged 15 to 49 years. To gather information, we utilised: (i) a standardised questionnaire (n = 86; 42 men and 44 women) previously used in national household surveys conducted by the Tanzanian government; (ii) focus group discussions (ten male groupsn = 47; ten female groups, n = 51); and (iii) semi- structured interviews with service providers (n = 37). Results The mean number of sexual partners, frequency of multiple concurrent partnerships and engagement in transactional sex were significantly higher in the border community than in the national population. Knowledge about HIV was comparable with that in the general population. Access to SRH services was limited in the border areas. Conclusion Efforts to reduce HIV transmission and to improve SRH in the border areas should focus on gaps in service delivery rather than education and information activities alone. In addition, multi-sectorial efforts spanning the health, social, legal and private sectors addressing gender imbalances and poverty alleviation are imperative for reducing poverty-driven unsafe transactional sex.
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| 20. |
- Ferranti, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Operational Challenges and Mega Sporting Events Legacy : The Case of BRT Systems in the Global South
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 12:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the bus rapid transit (BRT) legacies of mega sporting events (MSEs) held in the Global South cities of Cape Town and Rio de Janeiro. It discusses the extent to which these transport systems have been operationally sustainable, post-MSE; in other words, their ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level and hence their ability to act as public good as planned and according to specific needs. It argues that in both cities, long-term operational challenges have emerged due to conflictual temporalities between the priorities of the MSE and the mid/long term requirements of a transport system, supplemented by a poor spatial contextualisation of BRT design. These include financial viability, providing a service with appropriate frequency and capacity, integration with other transport systems, and resilience to external shocks such as extreme weather. These findings have key academic and policy implications both by opening further areas of research towards MSEs as a tool to deliver sustainable urban transport, and provides important lessons for future MSE hosts and cities considering BRT.
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| 21. |
- Miething, Alexander, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Persistence and variability in income : Exploring their role in self-rated health in Swedish survey data
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The adverse relationship between income and health is well documented, but less is known of how income trajectories, i.e. downward or upward trends in income, determine health. We therefore link longitudinal income information to cross-sectional data on self-rated health and conduct logistic regression models in order to investigate income trends over time and their relationship with health.The data, with the exception of income information, are derived from the Swedish Level-of-Living Survey 2000. The information on income was drawn from the income register covering the period 1995 to 2000. We used an age-restricted sample of those 30-64 years of age, and generated a series of models accounting for average income position, lagged income position, income decrease and increase, and annual periods in specific income positions. The analysis was conducted for men and women separately.Apart from the overall association between income and health, we found a similar pattern when including average and lagged income in the model. The analysis of length of time in a specific income position showed substantial sex differences in poor health. Income decrease was more strongly associated with men’s poor health, whereas income increase revealed only weak associations with self-rated health.It was shown that income changes and the time dimension of income are important for self-rated health. Self-rated health responds to decreases in absolute and relative income to a greater extent than to income gains over time. Lagged lower income position and its associations with health suggest that socio-economic disadvantages accumulate over time.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Farm, Ante
(författare)
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Om arbetslöshet, sysselsättning och inflation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - 0345-2646. ; 48:6, s. 43-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna artikel kompletterar några centrala teorier i dagens läroböcker i makroekonomi med mikroekonomiska grunder. Distinktionen mellan kort sikt och medellång sikt diskuteras också, liksom effekten av matchningsproblem på arbetslöshet. Och vi ska se vad som döljer sig bakom begreppet jämviktsarbetslöshet.
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| 24. |
- Cotter, Chris, et al.
(författare)
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Piloting a programme tool to evaluate malaria case investigation and reactive case detection activities : results from 3 settings in the Asia Pacific
- 2017
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Ingår i: Malaria Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2875 .- 1475-2875. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Case investigation and reactive case detection (RACD) activities are widely-used in low transmission settings to determine the suspected origin of infection and identify and treat malaria infections nearby to the index patient household. Case investigation and RACD activities are time and resource intensive, include methodologies that vary across eliminating settings, and have no standardized metrics or tools available to monitor and evaluate them. Methods: In response to this gap, a simple programme tool was developed for monitoring and evaluating (M&E) RACD activities and piloted by national malaria programmes. During the development phase, four modules of the RACD M&E tool were created to assess and evaluate key case investigation and RACD activities and costs. A pilot phase was then carried out by programme implementers between 2013 and 2015, during which malaria surveillance teams in three different settings (China, Indonesia, Thailand) piloted the tool over a period of 3 months each. This study describes summary results of the pilots and feasibility and impact of the tool on programmes. Results: All three study areas implemented the RACD M&E tool modules, and pilot users reported the tool and evaluation process were helpful to identify gaps in RACD programme activities. In the 45 health facilities evaluated, 71.8% (97/135; min 35.3-max 100.0%) of the proper notification and reporting forms and 20.0% (27/135; min 0.0-max 100.0%) of standard operating procedures (SOPs) were available to support malaria elimination activities. The tool highlighted gaps in reporting key data indicators on the completeness for malaria case reporting (98.8%; min 93.3-max 100.0%), case investigations (65.6%; min 61.8-max 78.4%) and RACD activities (70.0%; min 64.7-max 100.0%). Evaluation of the SOPs showed that knowledge and practices of malaria personnel varied within and between study areas. Average monthly costs for conducting case investigation and RACD activities showed variation between study areas (min USD $844.80-max USD $2038.00) for the malaria personnel, commodities, services and other costs required to carry out the activities. Conclusion: The RACD M&E tool was implemented in the three pilot areas, identifying key gaps that led to impacts on programme decision making. Study findings support the need for routine M&E of malaria case reporting, case investigation and RACD activities. Scale-up of the RACD M&E tool in malaria-eliminating settings will contribute to improved programme performance to the high level that is required to reach elimination.
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| 25. |
- Cotter, Chris
(författare)
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Utility and costs of reactive case detection using molecular detection and genotyping in Thailand, a near-elimination setting with predominantly Plasmodium vivax transmission
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Thailand, progress toward malaria elimination has slowed, largely due to the challenge of residual Plasmodium vivax transmission. Screening and testing for malaria in the vicinity of recent passively-identified index cases, also called reactive case detection (RACD), is commonly used in near-elimination settings, but standard diagnostics such as microscopy miss low-level infections. We assessed the utility, costs, and cost-effectiveness of RACD using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) versus standard RACD using microscopy to detect infections in RACD. We also assessed the utility of microsatellite genotyping to determine relatedness of index and RACD-identified infections. Each of 27 microscopy-positive index cases reported through passive surveillance (20 Plasmodium vivax, 5 P. falciparum, and 2 mixed P. falciparum/ P. vivax infections) triggered RACD, whereby 1,973 index case household members or surrounding neighbors received malaria testing. Of these, no infections were detected in RACD by microscopy, but 12 (0.6%) confirmed or probable infections were detected in RACD by molecular testing using LAMP, out of which four infections were confirmed by PCR. Among these four, one (25%) was genetically related to the index case suggesting low levels of local transmission. The average cost per individual screened for RACD using microscopy and RACD using LAMP was $15 and $22, respectively, and the incremental cost effectiveness ratio to detect infections was $1,191 per additional infection detected. In this near elimination setting, RACD using molecular detection and genotyping can make RACD a more effective strategy by identifying additional infections and transmission foci to facilitate a better understanding regarding local patterns of transmission.
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| 26. |
- Junehag, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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A qualitative study : Perceptions of the psychosocial consequences and access to support after an acute myocardial infarction
- 2014
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Ingår i: Intensive & Critical Care Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0964-3397 .- 1532-4036. ; 30:1, s. 22-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe individuals' perceptions of the psychosocial consequences of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and of their access to support one year after the event. Methods: The study included 20 participants (14 men and six women) who lived in rural areas and had experienced their first AMI. Eleven were offered contact with a mentor. The participants were interviewed one year after their AMI. Results: The findings are presented in three themes: having a different life, having to manage the situation and having access to support, with 11 subthemes. During their recovery, the participants experienced psychosocial consequences, consisting of anxiety and the fear of being afflicted again. Most mentees appreciated their mentor and some of those without mentors wished they had received organised support. Participants were often more dissatisfied than satisfied with the follow-up provided during recovery. Conclusions: After an AMI, follow-up is important during recovery, but the standardised information provided is inadequate. During recovery, people need help dealing with existential crises. After discharge, receiving peer support from lay people with similar experiences could be valuable. The knowledge gleaned from this study could be used in education at coronary care units and in health care outside the hospital setting. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
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| 27. |
- Figved, N, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship of cognitive impairment to psychiatric symptoms in multiple sclerosis
- 2008
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Ingår i: Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England). - : SAGE Publications. - 1352-4585 .- 1477-0970. ; 14:8, s. 1084-1090
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychiatric and cognitive changes are common in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), but their relationship has not received much attention. We studied the relationship between psychiatric symptoms and verbal memory, working memory, and mental speed in 78 patients with MS and 40 healthy control subjects using linear regression analyses. The MS group exhibited impaired performance on all cognitive tests. Apathy was associated with intrusions and depression with impaired memory and mental speed. The association between apathy and intrusions supports the hypothesis that lesions in frontal areas or frontal connections contribute to a specific neuropsychiatric syndrome in patients with MS.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Lu, Yong, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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Resolving Fock states near the Kerr-free point of a superconducting resonator
- 2023
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Ingår i: npj Quantum Information. - 2056-6387. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have designed a tunable nonlinear resonator terminated by a SNAIL (Superconducting Nonlinear Asymmetric Inductive eLement). Such a device possesses a Kerr-free point in which the external magnetic flux allows to suppress the Kerr interaction. We have excited photons near this Kerr-free point and characterized the device using a transmon qubit. The excitation spectrum of the qubit allows to observe photon-number-dependent frequency shifts about nine times larger than the qubit linewidth. Our study demonstrates a compact integrated platform for continuous-variable quantum processing that combines large couplings, considerable relaxation times and excellent control over the photon mode structure in the microwave domain.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Desai, Sameeksha, et al.
(författare)
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Pro-market reforms and allocation of capital in India
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Financial Economic Policy. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1757-6385 .- 1757-6393. ; 3:2, s. 123-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the efficiency of capital allocation, across levels of ownership, in the aftermath of pro-market reforms in India. Design/methodology/approach – The paper measures investment efficiency using the accelerator principle and examines the effect of ownership type on capital allocation. Findings – No significant improvement in capital allocation during the period studied is found. The findings suggest firms face significant costs in adjusting their capital stock. Originality/value – The paper uses unique data to estimate the elasticity of capital with respect to output.
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| 33. |
- Giacomozzi, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Knockout driven fragmentation of porphyrins
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 19:30, s. 19750-19755
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have studied collisions between tetraphenylporphyrin cations and He or Ne at center-of-mass energies in the range 50-110 eV. The experimental results were interpreted in view of density functional theory calculations of dissociation energies and classical molecular dynamics simulations of how the molecules respond to the He/Ne impact. We demonstrate that prompt atom knockout strongly contributes to the total destruction cross sections. Such impulse driven processes typically yield highly reactive fragments and are expected to be important for collisions with any molecular system in this collision energy range, but have earlier been very difficult to isolate for biomolecules.
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| 34. |
- Grigoriadis, Anastasios, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptability of mastication in people with implant-supported bridges
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 38:4, s. 395-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: We aimed to determine whether people with implant-supported bridges in both jaws, thus lacking periodontal receptors, adjust jaw muscle activity to food hardness during mastication.Materials and Methods: Thirteen participants with implant-supported bridges in both jaws and 13 with natural dentition chewed and swallowed soft and hard gelatine-based model foods, while electromyographic (EMG) activity of the masseter and temporal muscles was recorded bilaterally together with the position of the mandible. Data were compared by using a mixed-design anova model and a P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The number of chewing cycles and the duration of the masticatory sequence increased with food hardness in both groups, whereas vertical and lateral amplitude of the jaw movements, and the jaw-opening velocity, increased significantly with food hardness only for the dentate group. Although both groups adapted the EMG activity to the hardness of the food, the implant participants showed a significantly weaker increase in EMG activity with increased food hardness early during the masticatory sequence than the dentate participants did. In addition, the implant group showed significantly less reduction of muscle activity during the progression of the masticatory sequence than the dentate group.Conclusions: People with implant-supported bridges show an impaired adaptation of the muscle activity to food hardness during mastication. We suggest that a lack of sensory signals from periodontal mechanoreceptors accounts for the impairment.
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| 35. |
- Leitinger, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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A Belief Propagation Algorithm for Multipath-Based SLAM
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - 1536-1276. ; 18:12, s. 5613-5629
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm that is based on radio signals and the association of specular multipath components (MPCs) with geometric features. Especially in indoor scenarios, robust localization from radio signals is challenging due to diffuse multipath propagation, unknown MPC-feature association, and limited visibility of features. In our approach, specular reflections at flat surfaces are described in terms of virtual anchors (VAs) that are mirror images of the physical anchors (PAs). The positions of these VAs and possibly also of the PAs are unknown. We develop a Bayesian model of the SLAM problem and represent it by a factor graph, which enables the use of belief propagation (BP) for efficient marginalization of the joint posterior distribution. The resulting BP-based SLAM algorithm detects the VAs associated with the PAs and estimates jointly the time-varying position of the mobile agent and the positions of the VAs and possibly also of the PAs, thereby leveraging the MPCs in the radio signal for improved accuracy and robustness of agent localization. The algorithm has a low computational complexity and scales well in all relevant system parameters. Experimental results using both synthetic measurements and real ultra-wideband radio signals demonstrate the excellent performance of the algorithm in challenging indoor environments.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Ulfsparre, Sanna Isabel, 1982-
(författare)
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Towards a new reward system for open science
- 2022
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The transition to an open science system affects the entire research process. The reward systems also need to be adjusted in order to support and mirror the open research landscape, but what will this work look like, and what will change? We met Gustav Nilsonne, chair of the European working group dealing with the issue and a participant in the SUHF working group on merit reviews.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Bertling, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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RADPOW development and documentation
- 2008
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- This report summarizes the status of the computer program RADPOW. RADPOW is a program for Reliability Assessment of electrical Distribution POWer systems. It was developed at KTH School of Electrical Engineering, within the research program EKC and the research project on reliability of new electrical distribution systems. Further on, RADPOW has been used and further developed within the RCAM research group at KTH School of Electrical Engineering. This status report contains a brief description of the RADPOW_2006 version, the Loadflow module from the RADPOW_1999_PH version and a description of the work done in the resulting RADPOW_2007 version. This version now includes a tested load flow module and the ability to calculate the latest component importance indices developed within the RCAM research group. The source code for the program has also been restructured and commented in a more detailed level than before.
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| 40. |
- Born, Dennis-Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Variation vs. specialization : the dose-time-effect of technical and physiological variety in the development of elite swimmers
- 2024
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Ingår i: BMC Research Notes. - : Springer Nature. - 1756-0500. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectiveIt is heavily discussed whether larger variety or specialization benefit elite performance at peak age. Therefore, this study aimed to determine technical (number of different swimming strokes) and physiological (number of different race distances) variety required to become an international-class swimmer (> 750 swimming points) based on 1′522′803 race results.ResultsCorrelation analyses showed lower technical variety in higher ranked swimmers (P < 0.001), yet with small effects (0.11–0.30). However, Poisson distribution revealed dose-time-effects and specified number of swimming strokes required during each age group. Specifically, freestyle swimmers showed highest chances when starting to compete in three to four swimming strokes but reduced their variety to three swimming strokes at the ages of 12/13yrs with another transition to two swimming strokes at the ages of 19/21yrs (female/male swimmers, respectively). Although both sexes showed similar specialization pattern throughout their career, earlier specialization was generally evident in female compared to male swimmers. At peak performance age, freestyle was most frequently combined with butterfly. Swimmers who either kept competing in all five swimming strokes or focused on only one at the beginning of their careers showed lowest probability of becoming an international-class swimmer. Physiological variety increased during junior age but declined again to three race distances towards elite age.
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| 41. |
- Bourdet, Yves, et al.
(författare)
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Om EFA inte funnits...
- 1997
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Ingår i: 28 recept mot arbetslösheten. ; , s. 197-202
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 42. |
- Broman, Karolina, Universitetslektor, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Virtual Reality to visualise chemistry in higher education : Digital tools to enhance student learning
- 2022
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Visualisation of molecular representations is an important area within chemistry education that has been explored for a long time, from several different perspectives. In the 1950s, Linus Pauling and Robert Koltun defined the CPK-model, describing the colours of the different atoms used in wood or plastic ball-and-stick models, for example, the black carbon, the white hydrogen, and the red oxygen. These analogue ball-and-stick models (e.g., MolyMod) are still used both in schools and at universities to help students “see” chemistry in three dimensions (3D). Today, with digitalisation, new tools are available to represent and visualise chemistry(Bernholt, Broman, Siebert, & Parchmann, 2019). With these modern digital tools, there are less limitations in molecular size to represent molecules, and even large structures and reaction mechanisms can be explored (Won, Mocerino, Tang, Treagust, & Tasker, 2019). In our project, interventions applying Virtual Reality (VR) as the digital tool during organic chemistry workshops and tutorials, have been explored related to cognitive and affective learning.VR gives students the possibility to practice spatial ability, i.e., to move between 2D and 3D. In textbooks, chemistry is presented in 2D using, for example, Lewis structures. However, in real life, chemistry is three-dimensional, and the move between 2D and 3D is something students, as novices, need to practice to understand why and how chemicals react. In our project, university students practice their spatial ability through the application of VR. This on-going project started in 2018, and different workshops and tutorials have been implemented in different chemistry courses for bachelor, master, and engineering students. As presented in previous recent research from Brown and colleagues (2021), our students were very positive, enthusiastic and engaged to work with VR to develop their spatial ability and to visualise chemistry. In the presentation, we will give examples on how students can improve their learning and interest with the use of VR to represent chemical structures.
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| 43. |
- Broman, Karolina, Universitetslektor, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Zoom combined with Virtual Reality (VR) to visualize chemical structures inorganic chemistry
- 2021
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Ingår i: Universitetspedagogiskakonferensen 2021. - Umeå : Universitetspedagogik och lärandestöd (UPL), Umeå universitet. ; , s. 12-13
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to visualize chemistry and to move between two-dimensional (2D) representations presented in textbooks, and three-dimensional (3D) representations of the real molecular structures and mechanisms, is an important competence to master in university chemistry. In research, this is called spatial thinking or spatial ability (Hegarty, 2014). Through spatial thinking, chemists can predict how and why chemical compounds react. Chemistry experts are used to apply this spatial thinking, i.e., visualization through the move between 2D and 3D, without realizing it, whereas novices as students often find spatial thinking or spatial ability challenging (Harle & Towns, 2011). Spatial ability is a competence that is possible to develop through practice (Kozma & Russel, 2005), and in this project, chemistry students had the possibility to use virtual reality, VR, to visualize organic molecular structures and improve their spatial thinking. VR has a potential as a digital learning tool to explore 3D representation During the last one and a half years, Covid 19 has influenced teaching strategies at universities, and Zoom has become the most common software to teach students. At a first-cycle chemistry course in biological chemistry within a bachelor programme in life science, students were given the opportunity to visualize 3D representations of chemical structures. Due to the Covid 19 restrictions, the teachers could not help students attending the course to be active VR users. Instead, one teacher applied the VR application, Oculus Rift combined with Nanome software (https://nanome.ai), and streamed the visualization over Zoom. The second university chemistry teacher, and the students, used simple VR glasses with their smartphones to visualize the 3D projected molecules, and the teacher explained what was presented. This design-based research project (Anderson & Shattuck, 2012), where the university chemistry teachers collaborated with a chemistry education researcher and a digitalization researcher, will elaborate further on how Zoom as a digital teaching tool also can be applied to facilitate spatial thinking for students even post-Covid. The chemistry teachers and chemistry education researcher designed an intervention from where examples of the visualizations will be presented together with survey results on students’ responses of the application of digital techniques as a way to practice their visualization competence and spatial ability. Preliminary results show that students find this visualization combining VR and Zoom valuable to practice their spatial thinking, and examples of teaching activities will be presented.For more information about the project, see https://www.umu.se/en/feature/vr-glasses-help-students-visualize-molecules-/or https://www.umu.se/reportage/vr-glasogon-hjalper-studenter-visualisera-molekyler/
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| 44. |
- Desai, Sameeksha, et al.
(författare)
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Entry Regulation and Persistence of Profits in Incumbent Firms
- 2020
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Ingår i: Review of Industrial Organization. - : SPRINGER. - 0889-938X .- 1573-7160. ; 57:3, s. 537-558
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In line with the theory of creative destruction, industries where incumbent firms generate high profits will attract entry, which should drive down profits. This disciplinary effect of entry implies that profits above the norm should not exist in the long run. Factors that affect entry-such as entry regulations-could affect this profits convergence process. Using an unbalanced panel of firm- and country-level data for approximately 13,000 firms in 33 countries between 2005 and 2013, we examine the profit dynamics of incumbent firms in the context of entry and entry regulations.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Kumar, Jitender, et al.
(författare)
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Persistent Organic Pollutants and Inflammatory Markers in a Cross-Sectional Study of Elderly Swedish People : The PIVUS Cohort
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : National Institute of Environmental Health Science. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 122:9, s. 977-983
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are compounds that are generated through various industrial activities and released in the surrounding environment. Different animal studies have shown effects of different POPs on various inflammatory markers.OBJECTIVE: Because very few studies have been conducted in humans, we assessed the associations between different POPs and inflammatory markers in a large population-based sample of elderly men and women (all 70 years of age) from Sweden.METHODS: This cross-sectional study investigated the concentrations of several polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, and brominated diphenyl ether congeners and their association with a number of inflammatory markers [vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), total leucocyte count, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and interleukin 6 (IL-6)] in 992 individuals. These individuals were recruited from the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) cohort. We used a total toxic equivalency (TEQ) value that measures toxicological effects with the relative potencies of various POPs.RESULTS: Following adjustment for potential confounders, the TEQ value (driven mainly by PCB-126) was significantly associated with levels of ICAM-1 (p < 10(-5)). A similar trend was also observed between sum of PCBs and VCAM-1 (p < 0.001). No significant associations were observed between levels of POPs and other inflammatory markers.CONCLUSIONS: TEQ values were associated with levels of ICAM-1, to a lesser degree also with VCAM-1, but not with CRP and several other inflammatory markers. These findings suggest an activation of vascular adhesion molecules by POPs, and particularly by PCB-126.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Marner, Anders
(författare)
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Ett designperspektiv på slöjden och ett kulturperspektiv på skolan
- 2004
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Ingår i: Tidskrift för lärarutbildning och forskning. - Umeå : Fakultetsnämnden för lärarutbildning, Umeå universitet. - 1404-7659. ; :3/4, s. 33-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ett slöjdämne baserat på den materialspecifika uppdelningen i slöjdarter, textil- och trä- och metallslöjd innebär också i hög utsträckning att slöjdämnet uppdelas utifrån kön. Ett sätt att motverka en polariserad genusstruktur kan vara att dagens slöjdämne i grundskolan relaterar djupare till ett designperspektiv. I artikeln diskuteras ett antal möjliga konsekvenser av ett designperspektiv på slöjden. Att lyfta fram ett designperspektiv på ämnet skulle stödja det förnyade intresset för design i samhället. Ett problem är dock att ämnet kan styras in mot ”teoretisk slöjd”, vilket skulle innebära ett en ”erosion” av kompetens ägde rum. En diskussion förs också om designperspektivets metodik i termer av problemlösande undervisning snarare än ”fritt skapande” eller arbete utifrån arbetsbeskrivningar. Artikeln avslutas med föreställningen om en ”kulturskola för alla”. Möjligheten av ett designperspektiv i allt fler ämnen diskuteras. Begreppet ’design’ används i artikeln såväl io snävare bemärkelse, som form- och mönstergivning, och i vidare bemärkelse innefattande design av tjänster, processer och system.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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