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- Lauwers, E., et al.
(författare)
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Potential human transmission of amyloid beta pathology: surveillance and risks
- 2020
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 19:10, s. 872-878
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies in experimental animals show transmissibility of amyloidogenic proteins associated with prion diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. Although these data raise potential concerns for public health, convincing evidence for human iatrogenic transmission only exists for prions and amyloid beta after systemic injections of contaminated growth hormone extracts or dura mater grafts derived from cadavers. Even though these procedures are now obsolete, some reports raise the possibility of iatrogenic transmission of amyloid beta through putatively contaminated neurosurgical equipment. Iatrogenic transmission of amyloid beta might lead to amyloid deposition in the brain parenchyma and blood vessel walls, potentially resulting in cerebral amyloid angiopathy after several decades. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy can cause life-threatening brain haemorrhages; yet, there is no proof that the transmission of amyloid can also lead to Alzheimer's dementia. Large, long-term epidemiological studies and sensitive, cost-efficient tools to detect amyloid are needed to better understand any potential routes of amyloid beta transmission and to clarify whether other similar proteopathic seeds, such as tau or alpha-synuclein, can also be transferred iatrogenically.
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- Björnfot, Ann-Catrin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Involvement of the heat shock proteins DnaK/DnaJ in Yersinia T3S
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis uses a type III secretion system (T3SS) to secrete and deliver effectors called Yops into target cells. These processes are highly regulated and the pathogen senses cell contact and respond accordingly by inducing Yop-effector expression. A key component of the T3SS is the YscF needle present on the surface of the pathogen. It has been suggested that the bacterium can switch from needle export to Yop expression and secretion and that this substrate switch is important for proper regulation during infection. YscU is an essential protein regulating the substrate switch and autoproteolysis of YscU is essential for accurate T3SS regulation. To study regulation of Yop translocation in more detail, we generated mutants defective for expression of the heat shock proteins (HSPs) DnaJ and DnaK, since earlier studies had indicated a role of these proteins in regulation of effector translocation in Salmonella. The dnaJ mutant and the double dnaK/J mutant showed significant defects in Yop translocation, but surprisingly both mutants were able to secrete Yops in vitro much like the wild type. However, both mutants showed a changed export pattern of the YscF needle with a pronounced increased export of the YscF needle protein after incubation in calcium containing media. This phenotype was linked to defects in YscU autoproteolysis and in this respect the hsp-mutants were identical to earlier identified autoprocessing defective mutants in YscU (Single amino acid exchange mutants N263A and P264A). The hsp-mutants and the processing mutants accumulated full-length YscU, which surprisingly was associated with the outer membrane, while the processed form of YscU was found in the inner membrane fraction. The dnaJ and dnaK/J mutants were strongly affected in YscU autoproteolysis, which indicates a possible direct role for DnaJ in this process. Indeed a specific interaction between YscU and DnaJ could be found suggesting a direct role of the HSPs in regulation of the substrate switch in the T3SS.
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- Edgren, G., et al.
(författare)
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Searching for unknown transfusion-transmitted hepatitis viruses : a binational cohort study of 1.5 million transfused patients
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : WILEY. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 284:1, s. 92-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Both hepatitis B and C viruses were transmitted through blood transfusion before implementation of donor screening. The existence of additional, yet unknown transfusion transmittable agents causing liver disease could have important public health implications.Methods. Analyses were based on the Scandinavian Donations and Transfusions (SCANDAT2) database. Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of developing chronic liver disease in recipients of blood from donors who later developed any chronic liver disease compared to recipients who received blood transfusion from healthy donors. We also studied whether the risk of liver disease was increased in patients who received units from high-risk' donors, defined as donors who had a higher than expected occurrence of liver disease amongst their previous recipients. All analyses were stratified before and after 1992 to account for the effect of screening for hepatitis C virus.Results. A total of 1 482 922 transfused patients were included in the analyses. Analyses showed evidence of transfusion transmission of liver diseases before, but not after the implementation of hepatitis C virus screening in 1992, with HRs for any liver disease of 1.38 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.30-1.46] and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.91-1.07), before and after 1992, respectively. Similarly, blood components from 'high-risk' donors conferred increased risks before, but not after 1992.Conclusions. Our data provide no evidence for transfusion transmission of agents causing liver disease after the implementation of screening for hepatitis B and C, and suggest that if such transmission does occur, it is rare.
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- Hautaniemi, S, et al.
(författare)
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A strategy for identifying putative causes of gene expression variation in human cancers
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of the Franklin Institute. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-0032. ; 341:1-2, s. 77-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The majority of microarray studies focus on analysis of gene expression differences between various specimens or conditions. However, the causes of this variability from one cancer to another, from one sample to another and from one gene to another often remain unknown. In this study, we present a systematic procedure for finding genes whose expression levels are altered due to an intrinsic or extrinsic explanatory phenomenon. The procedure consists of three stages: preprocessing, data integration and statistical analysis. We tested and verified the utility of this approach in a case study, where expression and copy number levels of 13,824 genes were determined in 14 breast cancer cell lines. The procedure resulted in identification of 92 genes whose expression levels could be explained by the variability of gene copy number. This set includes several genes that are known to be both overexpressed and amplified in breast cancer. Thus, these genes may represent an important set of primary, genetically altered genes that drive cancer progression. (C) 2003 The Franklin Institute.
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- Hjalgrim, H, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer incidence in blood transfusion recipients
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2105 .- 0027-8874. ; 99:24, s. 1864-1874
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