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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Baeshen, Hosam A, et al.
(author)
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Release of fluoride from fresh and old NaF-impregnated chewing sticks (Miswaks) in vitro and oral retention in vivo.
- 2010
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In: Oral health & preventive dentistry. - 1602-1622. ; 8:1, s. 93-99
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- PURPOSE: The objectives of the present investigation were to study fluoride (F) release from NaF-impregnated chewing sticks (Miswaks) in vitro and to study the F clearance in saliva and the F oral retention in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Both fresh and old Miswaks were collected from 10 stores in Saudi Arabia and fluoridated in 0.01%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1% and 3% NaF. The F release was studied in vitro up to 60 min. In vivo, 10 subjects used Miswaks fluoridated in 0.01%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1% and 3% NaF for 2 min (Series I). The subjects were asked to spit out all saliva in a beaker during a 12-min period without swallowing. The F present in the obtained saliva was considered to represent the 'F retention'. In Series II, the same type of Miswaks were used as in Series I. Repeated whole saliva unstimulated samples were collected before and up to 30 min after. These two series were carried out in another 10 subjects (Series III and IV), but with Miswaks fluoridated in a more narrow range of concentration (0.05% to 0.5% NaF). Brushing with 1 g of F-containing dentifrice (0.32% NaF) was used as a control. RESULTS: There were only small differences between fresh and old Miswaks, but great variations were observed between Miswaks that were purchased from different stores. Miswaks fluoridated in 0.1% to 0.5% NaF could be considered as an 'optimum level' with respect to both the F concentration in saliva and the F retention. CONCLUSIONS: It is recommended to use fresh Miswaks impregnated in 0.1% NaF or a maximum of 0.5% NaF for a day, as they are interesting and safe products for the prevention of caries and could be widely used in countries such as Saudi Arabia.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Granfeldt, Jonas
(author)
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Rôles de l'âge, de l'input et de la L1 dans le développement du français par des enfants L2
- 2016
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In: Revue Française de Linguistique Appliquée. - 1386-1204. ; 21:2, s. 33-48
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Abstract in French:Cet article propose une synthèse des résultats d'un projet de recherches sur le développement du français par des enfants L2 (L1 suédois) dont l'âge de début d'acquisition (ÂdA) varie entre 3;5 ans et 6;5 ans. Nous résumons les résultats principaux sur différentes structures grammaticales, notamment la finitude, les objets clitiques, le genre, l'accord sujet-verbe et les formes du passé. Les résultats montrent un développement qui tantôt ressemble à celui des apprenants L2 adultes, tantôt à celui des enfants bi- ou monolingue. Contra Meisel (2008), nous concluons que seul le facteur de l'âge de début d'acquisition ne peut pas expliquer les résultats. Notre conclusion pointe vers un développement influencé par plusieurs facteurs y inclut le niveau de développement de la L1, les propriétés des structures grammaticales et l'input.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Granfeldt, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Second foreign languages in the Swedish school context - The views of school leaders
- 2017
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Politicians and stakeholders widely support the “mother tongue plus two” language policy (European Commission) according to which all European citizens should be able to communicate in at least two foreign languages (FLs). However, despite high political and societal ambitions, recent reports suggest that FLs other than English are suffering in Europe and Sweden is no exception to this trend. One third of all Swedish pupils starting to study a second FL (French, German or Spanish) in lower secondary school abandon the subject within three years (Tholin & Lindqvist, 2009). In fact, second FLs are the only subjects lacking a mandatory status in the Swedish compulsory school. Moreover, according to the Eurobarometer (2012) there is a lack of motivation for language learning. Sweden is the only country among the surveyed countries where a majority says that lack of motivation is a reason that dissuades them from learning another language, but we know very little about how views and attitudes towards FLs are shaped in the school context. The overall aim of the TAL-project (Teaching, Assessment and Learning) is to gain a better understanding of learning conditions and outcomes in FLs other than English in the Swedish school context. The project is interdisciplinary and draws on research in education, language teaching, language assessment and language learning. The project runs from 2016 through 2018 and involves data collection in several phases. In a first phase we have surveyed 425 Swedish compulsory schools starting with a head teachers' questionnaire. This questionnaire aims to survey relevant educational frame factors and provide a picture of how foreign languages are organised and perceived in a representative selection of Swedish schools. In this presentation, we will discuss responses to the questions concerning head teachers' view of foreign languages in school, e.g. the perceived status of the subject, the attitudes towards a mandatory second foreign language and challenges for the future. Seemingly little research has focused on head teachers' view of modern languages and its impact on teaching and student outcomes, but educational research shows that sayings, doings and relatings within an educational setting will contribute in the shaping of a praxis (Kemmis, 2009). The results of the survey will be discussed in relation to the headmasters' own educational background and to educational and regional aspects of the different schools.ReferencesEurobarometer. (2012). Europeans and their languages: Eurobarometer 386 report. Kemmis, S. (2009). Action research as a practice-based practice. Educational Action Research, 17(3), 463-474.Tholin, J., & Lindqvist, A. (2009). Språkval svenska/engelska på grundskolan: en genomlysning. Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för pedagogik.
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| 10. |
- Granfeldt, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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SLA developmental stages and teachers’ assessment of written French: Exploring Direkt Profil as a diagnostic assessment tool
- 2014
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In: Language Testing. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0946 .- 0265-5322. ; 31:3, s. 285-305
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- One of the core areas for research in SLA is the identification and definition of developmental stages in different L2s. For French, Bartning and Schlyter (2004) presented a model of six morphosyntactic stages of development, which was later implemented in the computer program Direkt Profil (Granfeldt et al. 2006). Despite the potential importance of such results, research on developmental stages has so far had limited impact on language assessment (Brindley, 1998; Purpura, 2004) and many questions concerning the applicability of profile analyses for pedagogical purposes remain. The aim of the present study was therefore to compare Direkt Profil’s automated profile analysis with the assessment of trained language teachers. In particular, we wanted to investigate the correlation between these two types of language assessment. This issue was researched on the CEFLE corpus of written L2 French (Ågren, 2008). The texts were classified for developmental stage by the computer program Direkt Profil. Furthermore, seven experienced language teachers of French assessed the same texts. Inter-rater agreement and correlations between the teachers’ assessments and the Direkt Profil output were computed. The results indicated high degrees of correlation and showed that the analysis of developmental stage by Direkt Profil could explain 73% of the variance in the teachers’ mean assessments (r2 = 0.735).
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Granfeldt, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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The Acquisition of French Subject Pronouns in Child and Adult Learners
- 2001
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In: Working Papers in Multilingualism. ; 26:Series B, s. 89-104
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this study, we will analyse the acquisition of subject pronouns in French and the distribution of Null subjects in early stages of language acquisition. We will contrast bilingual first language acquisition (2L1) and adult second language acquisition (L2). In both cases, Swedish is present as one of the two languages of the bilingual children, and as source language for the L2 learners. We will show that with respect to subjects there are clear differences between early 2L1 grammars and these early L2 grammars in that the children first pass through a stage where Null subjects are possible. This stage is followed by the use of subject pronouns as clitics. The adult Swedish learners practically never omit subjects and tend to treat subject pronouns as weak or strong, following the typology presented in Cardinaletti and Starke (1999). At least some properties of subject clitics are very hard for these learners to acquire.
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| 14. |
- Granfeldt, Jonas
(author)
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The acquisition of the Determiner Phrase in Bilingual and Second Language French
- 2000
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In: Bilingualism: Language and Cognition. - 1366-7289. ; 3:3, s. 263-280
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study deals with the acquisition of Functional Categories in the French Determiner Phrase. The development of determiners and prenominal adjectives in three bilingual Swedish–French children is compared with that of four Swedish second language learners of French. It is argued that acquisition is crucially different in these two cases. The bilingual children initially have restrictions on phrase structure, resulting at one stage in a complementary distribution of determiners and adjectives. These results support a structure building view of L1 acquisition. For L2 acquisition of the same structure, there is no evidence for an initially reduced phrase structure. This finding is explained in terms of a transfer effect. A preliminary comparison with the acquisition of finiteness suggests that, whereas there is some correlation over time in the L1B subjects, no such correlation is found in the L2 learners.
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| 15. |
- Granfeldt, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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The context of second foreign languages in Swedish secondary schools : Results of a questionnaire to school leaders
- 2019
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In: Apples - Journal of Applied Language Studies. - : Apples - Journal of Applied Language Studies. - 1457-9863. ; 13:1, s. 27-48
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article reports the results of a survey focusing on the educational context of second foreign languages (SFL) to which 147 Swedish secondary school leaders responded. The study aims to provide a picture of how SFLs like German, French and Spanish are organised in a representative selection of Swedish schools across the country. The results of the survey show that there are major differences between languages when it comes to the language offer and the number of pupils and teachers in the respective languages. Moreover, there are also important differences between schools, some of which can be related to educational, socio-economic and regional aspects of the responding schools. A general conclusion of the survey is that conditions for SFLs currently vary across languages and across the country. One of the main challenges for the future seems to be to maintain a varying offer of languages in a majority of schools.
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| 16. |
- Granfeldt, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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The Development of Gender Attribution and Gender Agreement in French
- 2005
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In: Focus on French as a Foreign Language : Multidisciplinary Approaches - Multidisciplinary Approaches. - 9781853597664 - 1853597678 ; 10, s. 164-190
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aims to explore the development in child and adult grammars of a noun-related feature in French, namely gender. In brief, previous research has shown that gender assignment and gender agreement in a language such as French is just as easy for the mono- or bilingual child (Carroll, 1989; Clark, 1985; Müller, 1990, 1994) as it is difficult for the (adult) L2 learner (Bartning, 2000; Carroll, 1989, 1999; Dewaele & Véronique, 2000, 2002; Harley, 1979; Hawkins, 1998, 2001b). In their own right, these findings make it interesting to compare the development of gender in an age and/or an L1-L2 perspective, but to date few such comparative studies have been carried out (but see Andersson, 1992 on Swedish). Furthermore, since gender classification of individual nouns differs from one language to another, it must be learnt by exposure to input. Therefore, studying how gender is acquired might help to discover specific properties of different modes of acquisition. In this study, a cross-learner perspective is adopted, comparing the acquisition of gender in two different modes of acquisition: the acquisition of French as a second language at an adult stage (L1= Swedish) and the acquisition of French as one of two first languages where the other language is Swedish. With respect to L2 acquisition of French gender, previous research has typically used cross-sectional data. This research has established the scope and the generality of the problem across (other) individual differences and across speakers' L1s (for example English, Flemish, and Swedish). From this research we have substantial facts about "the problem stage". Much less seems to be known about if and how adult second language learners can develop further with respect to gender. In the present study, a longitudinal perspective on gender acquisition is therefore adopted. Previous cross-sectional research (Bartning, 2000) suggests that learners at lower levels of proficiency make more errors with respect to gender agreement than do advanced learners. The adult learners in this study have been subject to other studies of grammatical development concerning the clause and the noun phrase and have been found to develop in several areas (cf., Granfeldt, 2000a and b; Granfeldt & Schlyter, forthcoming; Schlyter, 1997, this volume and forthcoming). This study asks the question of whether a general development can be established within individual learners with respect to gender. The longitudinal perspective also allows for a closer inspection of the different modes of acquisition. The paper asks the question of whether there are qualitative differences between the way gender is acquired by the children and by the adults, and in particular how the development itself proceeds in the two cases. It will, in fact, be demonstrated that there are differences in the way gender is acquired by the children and the adults.
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| 17. |
- Granfeldt, Jonas
(author)
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The development of gender in simultaneous and successive bilingual acquisition of French : Evidence for AOA and input effects
- 2018
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In: Bilingualism: Language and Cognition. - 1366-7289. ; 21:4, s. 674-693
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigates the effects of Age of Onset of Acquisition (AOA) and the quality and quantity of input on the longitudinal development of gender in the acquisition of French by simultaneous (2L1) and successive bilinguals (cL2). Three exponents of French gender are studied: the discovery of the abstract GENDER feature, gender assignment and gender concord. The findings show that the amount and quality of input correlate with the rate of acquisition of gender attribution, but most clearly in the 2L1 group. With respect to gender concord, group-level analyses suggest that input is less important than AOA. The results are discussed in relation to previous studies on the development of other morphosyntactic structures in the same children. We conclude that a combination of AOA, the L1 acquistional timetable, linguistic properties of the target structure and input are all crucial aspects for a complete understanding of linguistic development in bilingual children.
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| 18. |
- Granfeldt, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Trettio år av romansk språkinlärningsforskning
- 2020
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In: Romanistiken i Sverige – tradition och förnyelse. - : Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis. - 2002-2131 .- 0080-3863. - 9789179630065 - 9789179630072 - 9789179630089 - 9789179630096 ; , s. 183-200
-
Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- I backspegeln är det ofta enkelt att konstatera att vetenskapliga discipliner förändrats. Teoribildningar, forskningsfrågor och analysmetoder som i ett tidigare skede varit centrala, har minskat i bruk eller försvunnit helt, samtidigt som nya har tillkommit. Frågan om en förändring ägt rum kan därför upplevas som relativt enkel att besvara. Men varför, hur och när ett vetenskapligt fält utvecklas i någon riktning är jämförelsevis intressantare men svårare frågor att närma sig och sysselsätter forskare inom vetenskapssociologin. Av den forskningen framgår, mycket förenklat, att två olika typer av processer, intellektuella och sociala, är nödvändiga för att en vetenskaplig utveckling ska ske. När man 2017 betraktar den publicerade forskningen inom romansk språkforskning i Sverige under de senaste decennierna, kan man naturligt nog konstatera att en del har förändrats. Forskningsämnen, hela inriktningar, har minskat betydligt eller helt försvunnit medan andra har tillkommit. I det här bidraget ska jag undersöka en ny inriktning som började växa fram under mitten av 1980-talet och som jag valt att kalla den romanska språkinlärningsforskningen, dvs forskning om språkinlärning som studerar ett eller flera av de romanska språken och där forskarna har en ämnestillhörighet i romanska språk. Syftet med mitt bidrag är att försöka förstå orsakerna, både de intellektuella och de sociala, till hur inriktningen uppstod och kunde utvecklas, men jag ska också försöka ge en översiktlig bild av den romanska språkinlärningsforskningens resultat.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Granfeldt, Yvonne, et al.
(author)
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A bilberry drink with fermented oatmeal decreases postprandial insulin demand in young healthy adults
- 2011
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In: Nutrition Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2891. ; 10
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: in traditional medicine, blueberries have been used to facilitate blood glucose regulation in type 2 diabetes. Recent studies in diabetic mice have indicated facilitated glycaemic regulation following dietary supplementation with extracts from European blueberries, also called bilberries, (Vaccinium myrtillus). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of fermented oat meal drinks containing bilberries or rosehip (Rosa canina) on glycaemic and insulinaemic responses. Methods: glycaemic and insulinaemic responses in young healthy adults were measured in two series. In series 1, two drinks based on oat meal (5%), fermented using Lactobacillus plantarum 299v, and added with fruit (10%); bilberries (BFOMD) or rose hip (RFOMD) respectively, were studied. In series 2, BFOMD was repeated, additionally, a drink enriched with bilberries (47%) was tested (BBFOMD). As control a fermented oat meal drink (FOMD) was served. Results: in series 1 the bilberry-and rosehip drinks, gave high glucose responses similar to that after the reference bread. However, the insulin index (II) after the BFOMD was significantly lower (II = 65) (P < 0.05). In series 2 a favourably low insulin demand to BFOMD was confirmed. FOMD gave high glucose response (GI = 95) but, significantly lower insulin response (II = 76). BBFOMD gave remarkably low insulin response II = 49, and tended to lower glycaemia (GI = 79) (P = 0.0684). Conclusion: a fermented oat meal drink added with bilberries induced a lower insulin response than expected from the glycaemic response. The mechanism for the lowered acute insulin demand is still unclear, but may be related to some bio-active component present in the bilberries, or to the fermented oat meal base.
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| 21. |
- Granfeldt, Yvonne, et al.
(author)
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An Examination of the Possibility of Lowering the Glycemic Index of Oat and Barley Flakes by Minimal Processing
- 2000
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In: Journal of Nutrition. - 1541-6100. ; 130:9, s. 2207-2214
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Differences in glycemic responses to various starchy foods are related to differences in the rate of starch digestion and absorption. In this study, the importance of the degree of gelatinization and the product thickness for postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses to rolled oats and barley were studied in healthy subjects (5 men and 5 women). Thick (1.0 mm) rolled oats were made from raw or preheated (roasted or steamed) kernels. In addition, thin (0.5 mm) rolled oats were made from roasted or roasted and steamed (processed under conditions simulating commercial production) oat kernels. Finally, steamed rolled barley kernels (0.5 or 1.0 mm) were prepared. All thin flakes elicited high glucose and insulin responses [glycemic index (GI), 88–118; insulinemic index (II), 84–102], not significantly different from white wheat bread (P . 0.05). In contrast, all varieties of thick oat flakes gave significantly lower metabolic responses (GI, 70–78; II, 58–77) than the reference bread (P , 0.05). Thick barley flakes, however, gave high glucose and insulin responses (GI, 94; II, 84), probably because the botanical structure underwent more destruction than the corresponding oat flakes. We conclude that minimal processing of oat and barley flakes had a relatively minor effect on GI features compared with the more extensive commercial processing. One exception was thick oat flakes, which in contrast to the corresponding barley flakes, had a low GI.
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| 22. |
- Granfeldt, Y., et al.
(author)
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An in vitro procedure based on chewing to predict metabolic response to starch in cereal and legume products
- 1992
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In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - 0954-3007. ; 46:9, s. 649-660
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A new method for measuring the rate of in-vitro starch digestion in products with a structure 'as eaten' is introduced. An equivalent amount of potentially available starch from each product was chewed by subjects, expectorated into a beaker and incubated with pepsin. The incubate was thereafter transferred to a dialysis tubing and incubated with pancreatic α-amylase for 3 h. Samples were removed from the dialysate at time intervals and the degree of hydrolysis was calculated as the proportion of the potentially available starch degraded to maltose. A hydrolysis index (HI) was calculated as the area under the hydrolysis curve with the product as a percentage of the corresponding area with white wheat bread. The method was applied to 21 cereal and legume products, chosen to cover as wide a range as possible with respect to metabolic response, and to include several of the proposed mechanisms to differences in metabolic behaviour of starch. The accuracy of the in-vitro method was evaluated versus the metabolic responses obtained with the same products in healthy subjects. A significant correlation between HI and glycaemic index (GI) was obtained in cereal as well as in legume products. A significant correlation was also obtained between HI and insulin index (II) with pooled data from all products. However, in the case of II no correlation was obtained with the legume products only. It is concluded that the presently described in-vitro procedure offers a good potential to predict the metabolic behaviour of starchy foods.
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| 23. |
- Granfeldt, Yvonne, et al.
(author)
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Determination of glycaemic index; some methodological aspects related to the analysis of carbohydrate load and characteristics of the previous evening meal
- 2006
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In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5640 .- 0954-3007. ; 60:1, s. 104-112
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: To determine the possible differences in glycaemic index (GI) depending on ( 1) the analytical method used to calculate the 'available carbohydrate' load, that is, using carbohydrates by difference ( total carbohydrate by difference, minus dietary fibre (DF)) as available carbohydrates vs available starch basis ( total starch minus resistant starch (RS)) of a food rich in intrinsic RS and ( 2) the effect of GI characteristics and/or the content of indigestible carbohydrates ( RS and DF) of the evening meal prior to GI testing the following morning. Design: Blood glucose and serum insulin responses were studied after subjects consuming ( 1) two levels of barley kernels rich in intrinsic RS (15.2%, total starch basis) and ( 2) after a standard breakfast following three different evening meals varying in GI and/or indigestible carbohydrates: pasta, barley kernels and white wheat bread, respectively. Subjects: Healthy adults with normal body mass index. Results: ( 1) Increasing the portion size of barley kernels from 79.6 g ( 50 g ` available carbohydrates') to 93.9 g ( 50 g available starch) to adjust for its RS content did not significantly affect the GI or insulin index (II). ( 2) The low GI barley evening meal, as opposed to white wheat bread and pasta evening meals, reduced the postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic ( 23 and 29%, respectively, P<0.05) areas under the curve at a standardized white bread breakfast fed the following morning. Conclusion: ( 1) Increasing portion size to compensate for the considerable portion of RS in a low GI barley product had no significant impact on GI or II. However, for GI testing, it is recommended to base carbohydrate load on specific analyses of the available carbohydrate content. ( 2) A low GI barley evening meal containing high levels of indigestible carbohydrates ( RS and DF) substantially reduced the GI and II of white wheat bread determined at a subsequent breakfast meal.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Granfeldt, Yvonne, et al.
(author)
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Metabolic responses to starch in oat and wheat products. On the importance of food structure, incomplete gelatinization or presence of viscous dietary fibre
- 1995
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In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - 1476-5640. ; 49, s. 189-199
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Evaluate the impotrtance of incomplete gelatinization, food structure and presence of viscous dietary fibre for the postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to oat and wheat products. Design: Three common breakfast meals were tested, "raw" rolled oats (muesli), boiled rolled oats (oat porridge) and white wheat bread. Boiled intact oat and wheat kernels (kernel porridges) were also included. For comparison, glycemic indices (GIs) were calculated both from analysis of capillary and venous blood samples. Subjects: Nine healthy male volunteers between 65 and 70 years of age participated in the study. Results: The rolled oats and oat porridge elicited high metabolic responses. No differences in glycaemic and insulinaemic indices (IIs) were seen between these products and white bread. In contrast, the kernel porridges produced low glucose and insulin responses. No differences were obtained in GI values whether based on capillary or venous blood. However, with some products capillary blood allowed smaller differences to be detected. Conclusions: Neither incompleate gelatinization in rolled oats nor naturally occuring viscous dietary fibre in oats affect postprandial glycaemia, whereas enclosure if intact kernels significantly blunt metabolic responses.
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| 26. |
- Granfeldt, Yvonne, et al.
(author)
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Muesli with 4g oat beta-glucans lowers glucose and insulin responses after a bread meal in healty subjects
- 2008
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In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5640 .- 0954-3007. ; 62:5, s. 600-607
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the impact of an extruded muesli product based on -glucan-rich oat bran on postprandial glycaemia and insulinaemia. Subject/Design: The study is divided in two series. Blood glucose and serum insulin responses were studied after subjects consuming test meals including a serving of muesli with 3 g (series 1) and 4 g (series 2) of -glucans, respectively. The muesli was a component in a single serving packet with muesli and yoghurt. This was served together with white wheat bread in the morning after an overnight fast. The compositions were standardized to contain 50 g available carbohydrates. As a reference meal a serving packet without -glucans was included. The study was performed at Applied Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Lund University, Sweden. Nineteen and thirteen healthy volunteers with normal body mass index were recruited for series 1 and 2, respectively. Results: Muesli with 3 g of -glucans, included in a mixed bread meal, gave no significant differences in glycaemic response compared to a reference meal without muesli and -glucans. In contrast, muesli with 4 g of -glucans significantly (P<0.05) lowered the glucose and insulin responses compared to the reference meal. Conclusions: Muesli enriched with 4 g of -glucans reduces postprandial glucose and insulin levels to a breakfast based on high glycaemic index products. A total of 4 g of beta-glucans from oats seems to be a critical level for a significant decrease in glucose and insulin responses in healthy people.
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| 27. |
- Granfelt Boman, Karolina
(author)
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A valuable pair - candidate biomarkers RBM3 and PODXL in urothelial bladder cancer
- 2017
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Abstract: Bladder cancer is a heterogenous disease, ranging from minimally invasive, low-grade tumours with lowrecurrence rates and mortality on one end of the spectrum, and muscle invasive, high-grade disease prone torecurrence, progression and death at the other end.The aim of this thesis was to investigate the expression, clinicopathological correlates and prognostic significanceof the candidate biomarkers podocalyxin-like protein (PODXL, papers II and III) and RNA-binding motif protein 3(RBM3, papers I, III and IV) in urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). In paper IV, the potential predictive significance ofRBM3 was also examined. The candidate biomarkers were examined alongside established clinical risk factors.RBM3 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays (TMA) from three differentpatient cohorts (n=343 in paper I, n=272 in paper III and n=151 in paper IV). In paper I, negative RBM3 expressionwas significantly associated with unfavourable tumour characteristics and was an independent predictor of shorterdisease-specific survival (DSS) as well as 5-year overall survial (OS). Patients with Ta/T1 tumours displayingnegative RBM3 expression had a significantly reduced 24 month progression-free survival (PFS) and 5-year OS.No association was seen between RBM3 expression and recurrence. In paper 3, these associations werevalidated, although with a somewhat different cut-off. Low RBM3 expression was significantly associated withunfavourable tumour characteristics and was an independent predictor of a shorter OS in both the full cohort andin T1 disease.In paper IV, the expression of RBM3 was evaluated in tumours from 151 patients treated with cystectomy due tomuscle-invasive UBC, 45.7% of which had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). RBM3 expression was notprognostic in the full cohort. However, when accounting for NAC, there was a significantly reduced RFS in in thegroup of patients with high RBM3 expression who had not been treated compared to those that had received NAC(p=0.044). The association between high RBM3 expression and response to chemotherapy was strengthened bythe silencing of RBM3 in UBC cell lines, rendering them less sensitive to cisplatin and gemcitabine.PODXL expressed in the cell membrane was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in TMA from three differentpatient cohorts (n=100 and n=343 in paper II and n=272 in paper III). Membranous expression of PODXL wasstrongly and significantly associated with unfavourable tumour characteristics in all three cohorts. In paper II,PODXL independently predicted a shorter DSS and OS in the full cohort, and a shorter PFS and DSS in patientswith Ta/T1 tumours. In paper III, membranous PODXL expression was significantly associated with a shorter OSin both the full cohort and T1 tumours, but not independent of other prognostic factors.The conclusions drawn from these studies are that both RBM3 and PODXL are potentially clinically usefulbiomarkers in UBC. RBM3 may have clinical implications in NMIBC for decision making in the pre-cystectomysetting and for its predictive value in patients under consideration for NAC. PODXL is associated with an adverseprognosis, making it a potentially useful prognostic biomarker. Both candidate biomarkers show great promise,although their value should be further examined in a prospective setting.
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| 28. |
- Granfelt, Jonas
(author)
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A history of sermons and carrots but no sticks - Educational policies on second foreign languages in Sweden : Educational policies on second foreign languages in Sweden
- 2021
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In: European Journal of Applied Linguistics. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2192-953X .- 2192-9521. ; 9:1, s. 137-157
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper is concerned with educational policies on Modern languages or second foreign languages (SFL) like French, German and Spanish in Sweden. Using a typology from policy instrument theory, colloquially phrased as sermons, carrots and sticks, the paper provides an historical overview and a discussion of policy objectives and policy instruments since 1945 with a particular focus on lower secondary school the last 20 years. The analysis shows that while policy and policy instruments naturally have varied over the last 80 years, there are also similarities. A central finding is that in the domain of SFLs, sermons have never been enough, carrots have led to inequalities and sticks have always been avoided.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Granfelt, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Del 4. Att utveckla hörförståelse
- 2021
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In: Språksprånget.
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Hörförståelse är en central färdighet i moderna språk som kan vara utmanande att utveckla för eleven. Syftet med denna del är att innehållet ska inspirera till kollegiala reflektioner och diskussioner kring hur eleverna utvecklar hörförståelse i målspråket och vad som påverkar processen. Målet är att ni genom att arbeta med den här delen ska öka era kunskaper om vad som ligger bakom elevernas utmaningar vad gäller hörförståelse i främmande språk.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Granfelt, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Le passé, le présent et l’avenir du FLE en Suède : Un bilan entre politiques linguistiques éducatives et attitudes des élèves
- 2023
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In: Language, creoles, varieties : From emergence to transmission - From emergence to transmission. - 2626-2665. - 9783961104307
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cette étude est ancrée dans une approche transdisciplinaire de l’apprentissage des langues secondes et étrangères (Douglas Fir Group 2016), composée de trois niveaux interdépendants : un niveau macro, caractérisé par des structures idéologiques et politiques à l’échelle de la société, un niveau méso où se situent les établissements scolaires régis par des contraintes sociales, économiques et culturelles, et un niveau micro défini par les apprenants eux-mêmes, leurs mécanismes neurologiques et capacités cognitives et émotionnelles. Un premier objectif de cette contribution est d’appliquer ce modèle à l’analyse du français langue étrangère (FLE) en Suède. En nous appuyant sur les données du projet TAL (Granfeldt et al. 2019), nous esquissons dans un premier temps le bilan des politiques linguistiques éducatives mises en place par des gouvernements différents après l’entrée de la Suède dans l’Union Européenne en 1995 (niveau macro) et nous discutons leurs effets au niveau des communes et des établissements scolaires (niveau méso). Dans un deuxième temps, nous analysons les motivations et attitudes des élèves de FLE au collège en Suède vis-à-vis du FLE (niveau micro). Dans l’ensemble, les données et les analyses à des niveaux différents nous permettent d’atteindre le deuxième objectif de cette contribution, à savoir une discussion du passé récent, de la situation actuelle et de l’avenir possible du FLE en Suède.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Granfelt, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Speaking French, German and Spanish in Swedish lower secondary school – a study on attained levels of proficiency
- 2023
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In: Apples – Journal of Applied Language Studies. - 1457-9863. ; 17:2, s. 91-121
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigates levels of oral proficiency in French, German and Spanish attained by Swedish speaking students in lower secondary school. A total of 122 students performed two tasks: one production task and one interaction task. The oral performances were rated using scales from the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. The rating was done in successive steps by researchers in the project and external raters. The results show that slightly less than half of the students’ performances were rated at or above the expected proficiency level at the end of lower secondary school (A2.1). While there was no difference in rated levels between the two tasks, the performances by the students of German were significantly more often rated at or above the A2.1 level than the performances by students of French and Spanish. In the article, we discuss the results in relation to the few previous studies available on the topic, as well as some aspects of the learning conditions that might contribute to the interpretation of the results. In addition, certain structural phenomena regarding language education in Sweden are briefly considered in relation to equity at a general level.
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| 39. |
- Granfelt, Jonas, et al.
(author)
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Trends in the study of Modern languages in Swedish lower secondary school (2000 – 2018) and the impact of grade point average enhancement credits
- 2021
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In: Education Inquiry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-4508. ; 12:2, s. 127-146
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper investigates trends in the study of Modern languages or second foreign languages (SFLs) in Swedish lower secondary school between 2000 and 2018. Over the last decades, SFLs, i.e. French, German and Spanish, have been the target of several policy measures as a response to a declining interest. However, few reports on their impact have been published. We report the proportion of pupils studying an SFL at the national level and across demographic municipality groups and analyse a possible impact of one policy measure, grade point average enhancement credits (GPAEC, meritpoäng) for SFLs. We found an increase in the proportion of pupils studying an SFL, but mainly in urban areas. Moreover, we found important differences between SFLs. Spanish is the most widely studied SFL in all municipality groups. French is most popular in urban areas while German is more chosen in rural areas. If the increase of the number of pupils studying and SFL can be ascribed to GPAEC remains still to be seen, but if so, the GPAEC mainly had an impact on highly urban areas where the proportion of pupils studying an SFL was the highest already before introducing this policy measure.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Granfors, Anna, 1978
(author)
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Biogenic Halocarbons in Polar Sea Ice
- 2014
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Sea ice is to date a rather poorly investigated part of the cycling of volatile halogenated organic compounds, halocarbons. These compounds are natural sources of reactive iodine and bromine to the atmosphere, and are produced in the marine environment. The aim of this study was to determine the role of sea ice in terms of production and release of halocarbons to the atmosphere. Iodinated and brominated halocarbons were measured in polar sea ice as well as in snow, air, and seawater under the ice. Multiple samples were collected from the same location in order to cover variability. Studies were performed both in winter and summer, and seasonal variations were observed. Sea ice acted as a source of halocarbons both in winter and in summer. Biotic production was observed during summer, and depth distributions of halocarbons in the ice were related to ice algal biomass. Unexpectedly high concentrations of halocarbons were found at the surface of Antarctic winter sea ice. For bromoform (CHBr3) the concentration range was 0.2 - 20 nM in the top 10 cm of the ice. High concentrations were also found in the snow closest to the snow-ice interface. Our results suggest that an abiotic formation occurs in seasonal sea ice during polar night. This may lead to a winter accumulation of halocarbons in the marine boundary layer and enhance tropospheric ozone depletion in the polar spring.
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| 43. |
- Granfors, Anna, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Biogenic halocarbons in young Arctic sea ice and frost flowers
- 2013
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In: Marine Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-4203. ; 155, s. 124-134
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The fate of halocarbons, naturally produced volatile halogenated organic compounds, in young Arctic sea ice was studied to better understand the role of sea ice in halocarbon cycling. In early spring, halocarbons were measured in sea ice frozen in core holes, during 12 days of formation and freezing. In order to understand which factors govern halocarbon concentration and distribution, salinity, temperature and biological parameters were monitored in the growing sea ice. It was found that sea ice participates in the cycling of halocarbons between sea and air. Sea ice concentrations and distributions of these compounds were influenced by production in the ice, where ice-inhabiting microorganisms caused local increases in halocarbon concentrations. Moreover, the halocarbon ice concentration decrease/change with time did not follow ice salinity, suggesting that additional removal processes caused sea ice to be a source of halogens to overlying air. The net production rate of bromoform in the surface of newly frozen ice was estimated to 14 pmol L−1 d−1 and the maximum removal rate was 18 pmol L−1 d−1. In addition frost flowers on newly formed sea ice were identified as contributors of halocarbons to the atmosphere with halocarbon concentrations in the same order of magnitude as in sea ice brine
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| 44. |
- Granfors, Anna, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Contribution of sea ice in the Southern Ocean to the cycling of volatile halogenated organic compounds
- 2013
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In: Geophysical Research Letters. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0094-8276. ; 40:15, s. 3950-3955
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The contribution of sea ice to the flux of biogenic volatile halogenated organic compounds to the atmosphere in the Southern Ocean is currently not known. To approach this question, we measured halocarbons in sea ice, sea ice brine, and surface water of the Amundsen and Ross Seas. Concentrations in sea ice of these compounds, normalized to seawater salinity, ranged from 0.2 to 810 pmol L-1. Salinity-normalized chlorophyll a concentrations in the ice ranged from 3.5 to 190 mu gL(-1). Our results suggest biological production of halocarbons in sea ice, with maxima of halogenated organics and chlorophyll a commonly found in the interior of the ice cores. Iodinated VHOCs were found to be more enriched in sea ice than brominated ones. Furthermore, depth distributions indicated a transport of halocarbons from sea ice to air and underlying water.
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| 45. |
- Granfors, Anna, 1978, et al.
(author)
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Organic iodine in Antarctic sea ice: a comparison between winter in the Weddell Sea and summer in the Amundsen Sea
- 2014
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In: Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences. - 0148-0227 .- 2156-2202. ; 119:12, s. 2276-2291
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent studies have recognized sea ice as a source of reactive iodine to the Antarctic boundary layer. Volatile iodinated compounds (iodocarbons) are released from sea ice, and they have been suggested to contribute to the formation of iodine oxide (IO), which takes part in tropospheric ozone destruction in the polar spring. We measured iodocarbons (CH3I, CH2ClI, CH2BrI and CH2I2) in sea ice, snow, brine and air during two expeditions to Antarctica, OSO 10/11 to the Amundsen Sea during austral summer, and ANT XXIX/6 to the Weddell Sea in austral winter. These are the first reported measurements of iodocarbons from the Antarctic winter. Iodocarbons were enriched in sea ice in relation to seawater in both summer and winter. During summer the positive relationship to Chl a biomass indicated a biological origin. We suggest that CH3I is formed biotically in sea ice during both summer and winter. For CH2ClI, CH2BrI and CH2I2 an additional abiotic source at the snow-ice interface in winter is suggested . Elevated air concentrations of CH3I and CH2ClI during winter indicate that they are enriched in lower troposphere and may take part in formation of IO at polar sunrise.
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| 46. |
- Granfors, Michaela, 1972-
(author)
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Hypothyroidism and Pregnancy
- 2015
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. On a global level, iodine deficiency is still the most common cause of hypothyroidism. Also genetic variations, in particular SNP rs4704397 in the PDE8B gene, are responsible for a significant proportion of TSH variations. Untreated hypothyroidism has significant adverse effects on pregnancy and fetal outcome. Most international guidelines suggest targeted thyroid testing in pregnant women with risk factors for thyroid disturbances.In a case-control study, an association between homozygous A/A as well as homozygous G/G carriers of SNP rs 4704397 in PDE8B and recurrent miscarriage was found. The explanation for this association is unknown.In a nationwide survey, all guidelines for thyroid testing and management of hypothyroidism during pregnancy in Sweden were collected and compared with international guidelines. The local guidelines were variable and poorly compliant with the international guidelines.In a follow-up in one district, 5,254 pregnant women were included for subsequent review of their medical reports. We found a targeted thyroid testing rate of 20.1% in clinical practice, with an overall frequency of women with trimester-specific elevated TSH of 18.5%. More disturbingly, half of the women who were on levothyroxine treatment at the time of conception had an elevated TSH level at thyroid testing.In a subsequent cohort study of the 5,254 women, we found the prevalence of trimester-specific elevated TSH and overt hypothyroidism to be equal in targeted thyroid tested and untested women.In a cross-sectional study, a median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of 98 μg/l was found in the study population. According to WHO/UNICEF/IGN criteria, the population-based median UIC during pregnancy should be 150-249 μg/l.In conclusion, genetic variations may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes. In clinical practice, thyroid testing and the management of hypothyroidism during pregnancy is unsatisfactory, regarding the whole chain from development of local guidelines to their implementation and to targeted thyroid testing. Moreover, our results indicate insufficient iodine status in the pregnant population of Sweden.
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| 47. |
- Granfors, Michaela, et al.
(author)
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Iodine deficiency in a study population of pregnant women in Sweden
- 2015
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In: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 94:11, s. 1168-1174
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IntroductionIodine deficiency in utero may impair neurological development of the fetus. In Sweden, iodine nutrition is considered to be adequate in the general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate iodine nutrition during pregnancy in Sweden. Material and methodsIn this cross-sectional study, the total study population (n=459) consisted of two cohorts (Varmland County, n=273, and Uppsala County, n=186) of pregnant non-smoking women without pre-gestational diabetes mellitus or known thyroid disease before or during pregnancy. Spot urine samples were collected in the third trimester of pregnancy for median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) analysis. ResultsThe median UIC in the total study population was 98g/L (interquartile range 57-148g/L). ConclusionsAccording to WHO/UNICEF/IGN criteria, population-based median UIC during pregnancy should be 150-249g/L. Thus, our results indicate insufficient iodine status in the pregnant population of Sweden. There is an urgent need for further assessments in order to optimize iodine nutrition during pregnancy.
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| 48. |
- Granfors, Maria, et al.
(author)
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No association between use of multivitamin supplement containing vitamin D during pregnancy and risk of Type 1 Diabetes in the child
- 2016
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In: Pediatric Diabetes. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1399-543X .- 1399-5448. ; 17:7, s. 525-530
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Sweden has the second highest incidence of type 1 diabetes in the world. Nutritional aspects in utero and in infancy affect the development. We conducted a survey to determine whether reported maternal use of vitamin D-containing micronutrient supplements during pregnancy was associated with the risk of developing type 1 diabetes in the child.METHODS:This report was based on data from the ABIS (All Babies In Southeast Sweden) study, with questionnaire data on 16 339 mother and infant pairs at birth and at 1-yr of age (n = 10 879), of whom 108 children were registered with type 1 diabetes before 14-16 yr of age. The questions 'during pregnancy, did you take any vitamin/mineral supplements?' and 'if yes, which? (open answer)' in addition to other lifestyle questions were answered. Logistic regression was performed with onset of type 1 diabetes as the dependent variable and vitamin D supplementation use as the independent variable, adjusted for relevant factors.RESULTS:Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy was consumed by 9.3% of mothers whose children later got type1 diabetes and among 11.3% of those mothers whose children did not get type 1 diabetes (p = 0.532). No significant association was found between reported supplement intake of vitamin D during pregnancy and risk of type 1 diabetes, even when adjusting for factors which could influence the association.CONCLUSION:Maternal use of vitamin D-containing multivitamin supplements during pregnancy was not related to the risk of developing type 1 diabetes in children before 14-16 yr of age in Southeast of Sweden.
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| 49. |
- Granfors, Michaela, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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Phosphodiesterase 8B gene polymorphism in women with recurrent miscarriage : A retrospective case control study.
- 2012
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In: BMC Medical Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2350. ; 13, s. 121-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Recurrent miscarriage affects approximately 1% of all couples. There is a known relation between hypothyroidism and recurrent miscarriage. Phosphodiesterase 8B (PDE8B) is a regulator of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) with important influence on human thyroid metabolism. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs 4704397 in the PDE8B gene has been shown to be associated with variations in serum Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) levels. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between the SNP rs 4704397 in the PDE8B gene and recurrent miscarriage. METHODS: The study was designed as a retrospective case control study. 188 cases with recurrent miscarriage were included and compared with 391 controls who had delivered at least once and with no history of miscarriage or assisted reproduction. RESULTS: No difference between cases and controls concerning age was found. Bivariate associations between homozygous A/A (OR 1.57, 95% CI 0.98-2.52) as well as G/G carriers (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.02-2.25) of SNP rs 4704397 in PDE8B and recurrent miscarriage were verified (test for trend across all 3 genotypes, p = 0.059). After adjustment for known confounders such as age, BMI and smoking the association between homozygous A/A (AOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.01 - 2.64, p = 0.045) and G/G (AOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.02 - 2.27, p = 0.039) carriers of SNP rs 4704397 in PDE8B and recurrent miscarriage remained. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that there is an association between homozygous A/A as well as homozygous G/G carriers of SNP rs 4704397 in PDE8B and recurrent miscarriage.
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| 50. |
- Granfors, Michaela, et al.
(author)
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Placental location and pregnancy outcomes in nulliparous women : A population-based cohort study
- 2019
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In: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : WILEY. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 98:8, s. 988-996
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: The impact of placenta previa on pregnancy, delivery and infant outcomes has been extensively studied. However, less is known about the possible association of placental location other than previa with pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate if placental location other than previa is associated with adverse pregnancy, delivery and infant outcomes.Material and methods: This is a population-based cohort study, with data from the regional population-based Stockholm-Gotland Obstetric Cohort, Sweden, from 2008 to 2014. The study population included 74 087 nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies resulting in live-born infants, with information about placental location from the second-trimester ultrasound screening. The association between placental location (fundal, lateral, anterior or posterior) and pregnancy outcomes was estimated using logistic regression analysis. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated, and adjustments were made for maternal age, height, country of birth, smoking in early pregnancy, sex of the infant and in vitro fertilization. Main outcome measures were pregnancy, delivery and infant outcomes.Results: Compared with posterior placental location, fundal and lateral placental locations were associated with a number of adverse pregnancy outcomes, the most important being: very preterm birth (<32 weeks of gestation) (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.78, 95% CI 1.18-2.63 and aOR 2.12, 95% CI 1.39-2.25, respectively), moderate preterm birth (32-36 weeks of gestation) (aOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.001-1.51 and aOR 1.62, 95% CI 1.32-2.00, respectively), small-for-gestational-age birth (aOR 1.67, 95% CI 1.34-2.07 and aOR 1.77, 95% CI 1.39-2.25, respectively) and manual removal of the placenta in vaginal births (aOR 3.27, 95% CI 2.68-3.99 and aOR 3.27, 95% CI 2.60-4.10, respectively). Additionally, lateral placental location was associated with preeclampsia (aOR 1.30, 95% CI 1.03-1.65) and severe postpartum hemorrhage (aOR 1.42, 95% CI 1.27-1.82).Conclusions: Compared with posterior placental location, fundal and lateral placental locations are associated with a number of adverse pregnancy, delivery and infant outcomes.
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