| 1. |
- Nordström, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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DNA methylation and histone modifications regulate SOX11 expression in lymphoid and solid cancer cells.
- 2015
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Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The neural transcription factor SOX11 is present at specific stages during embryo development with a very restricted expression in adult tissue, indicating precise regulation of transcription. SOX11 is strongly up-regulated in some malignancies and have a functional role in tumorgenesis. With the aim to explore differences in epigenetic regulation of SOX11 expression in normal versus neoplastic cells, we investigated methylation and histone modifications related to the SOX11 promoter and the possibility to induce re-expression using histone deacetylase (HDAC) or EZH2 inhibitors.
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| 2. |
- Byman, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Alpha-amylase 1A copy number variants and the association with memory performance and Alzheimer's dementia
- 2020
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Ingår i: Alzheimers Research & Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1758-9193. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Previous studies have shown that copy number variation (CNV) in the alpha (alpha)-amylase gene (AMY1A) is associated with body mass index, insulin resistance, and blood glucose levels, factors also shown to increase the risk of Alzheimer's dementia (AD). We have previously demonstrated the presence of alpha-amylase in healthy neuronal dendritic spines and a reduction of the same in AD patients. In the current study, we investigate the relationship between AMY1A copy number and AD, memory performance, and brain alpha-amylase activity. Methods and materials The association between AMY1A copy number and development of AD was analyzed in 5422 individuals (mean age at baseline 57.5 +/- 5.9, females 58.2%) from the Malmo diet and cancer study genotyped for AMY1A copy number, whereof 247 where diagnosed with AD during a mean follow-up of 20 years. Associations between AMY1A copy number and cognitive performance where analyzed in 791 individuals (mean age at baseline 54.7 +/- 6.3, females 63%), who performed Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. Correlation analysis between alpha-amylase activity or alpha-amylase gene expression and AMY1A copy number in post-mortem hippocampal tissue from on demented controls (n = 8) and AD patients (n = 10) was also performed. Results Individuals with very high ( >= 10) AMY1A copy number had a significantly lower hazard ratio of AD (HR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.41-0.94) and performed significantly better on MoCA delayed word recall test, compared to the reference group with AMY1A copy number 6. A trend to lower hazard ratio of AD was also found among individuals with low AMY1A copy number (1-5) (HR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.53-1.02). A tendency towards a positive correlation between brain alpha-amylase activity and AMY1A copy number was found, and females showed higher brain alpha-amylase activity compared to males. Conclusion Our study suggests that the degree of alpha-amylase activity in the brain is affected by AMY1A copy number and gender, in addition to AD pathology. The study further suggests that very high AMY1A copy number is associated with a decreased hazard ratio of AD and we speculate that this effect is mediated via a beneficial impact of AMY1A copy number on episodic memory performance.
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| 3. |
- Carlsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular serum portraits in patients with primary breast cancer predict the development of distant metastases.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 108:34, s. 14252-14257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The risk of distant recurrence in breast cancer patients is difficult to assess with current clinical and histopathological parameters, and no validated serum biomarkers currently exist. Using a recently developed recombinant antibody microarray platform containing 135 antibodies against 65 mainly immunoregulatory proteins, we screened 240 sera from 64 patients with primary breast cancer. This unique longitudinal sample material was collected from each patient between 0 and 36 mo after the primary operation. The velocity for each serum protein was determined by comparing the samples collected at the primary operation and then 3-6 mo later. A 21-protein signature was identified, using leave-one-out cross-validation together with a backward elimination strategy in a training cohort. This signature was tested and evaluated subsequently in an independent test cohort (prevalidation). The risk of developing distant recurrence after primary operation could be assessed for each patient, using her molecular portraits. The results from this prevalidation study showed that patients could be classified into high- versus low-risk groups for developing metastatic breast cancer with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.85. This risk assessment was not dependent on the type of adjuvant therapy received by the patients. Even more importantly, we demonstrated that this protein signature provided an added value compared with conventional clinical parameters. Consequently, we present here a candidate serum biomarker signature able to classify patients with primary breast cancer according to their risk of developing distant recurrence, with an accuracy outperforming current procedures.
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| 4. |
- Chorell, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Pregnancy to postpartum transition of serum metabolites in women with gestational diabetes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Metabolism-Clinical and Experimental. - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-0495 .- 1532-8600. ; 72, s. 27-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. Gestational diabetes is commonly linked to development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There is a need to characterize metabolic changes associated with gestational diabetes in order to find novel biomarkers for T2DM. Objective. To find potential pathophysiological mechanisms and markers for progression from gestational diabetes mellitus to T2DM by studying the metabolic transition from pregnancy to postpartum. Design. The metabolic transition profile from pregnancy to postpartum was characterized in 56 women by mass spectrometry-based metabolomics; 11 women had gestational diabetes mellitus, 24 had normal glucose tolerance, and 21 were normoglycaemic but at increased risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. Fasting serum samples collected during trimester 3 (gestational week 32 +/- 0.6) and postpartum (10.5 +/- 0.4 months) were compared in diagnosis-specific multivariate models (orthogonal partial least squares analysis). Clinical measurements (e.g., insulin, glucose, lipid levels) were compared and models of insulin sensitivity and resistance were calculated for the same time period. Results. Women with gestational diabetes had significantly increased postpartum levels of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine, and valine, and their circulating lipids did not return to normal levels after pregnancy. The increase in BCAAs occurred postpartum since the BCAAs did not differ during pregnancy, as compared to normoglycemic women. Conclusions. Postpartum levels of specific BCAAs, notably valine, are related to gestational diabetes during pregnancy. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Dahlgren, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Intensive longitudinal study of newly graduated nurses' quick returns and self-rated stress
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 47:5, s. 404-407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Little is known about the relationship between quick returns (QR) - shift combinations that result in inter-shift rest periods <11 hours) and stress. The current study examined whether variations in the frequency of QR, both between and within individuals, were associated with changes in self-rated stress.Methods A questionnaire was sent weekly to newly graduated nurses during the first 12 weeks of work. Stress was measured with four items from the Stress-Energy Questionnaire on a scale from 1 not at all to 5 very much [mean 2.65, standard deviation (SD) 1.08]. Shifts worked in the past week were reported and QR were identified by evening-morning shift combinations (mean 0.98, SD 0.90 per week). In total, 350 persons were included in the analysis (3556 observations). Data were analyzed with a multilevel residual dynamic structural equation model (RDSEM) using Bayesian estimation procedures.Results There was no between-person effect of QR on stress averaged across measurement occasions (0.181, 95% CI -0.060-0.415). However, there was a small within-person effect of QR (0.031, 95% CI 0.001-0.062), meaning that more QR during a given week, compared to that person's average, was associated with an increase in their level of stress during that week.Conclusions Nurses were likely to report increased stress during weeks in which they worked more QR. Intervention studies are needed to determine whether the relationship is causal.
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| 6. |
- Dictor, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Strong lymphoid nuclear expression of SOX11 transcription factor defines lymphoblastic neoplasms, mantle cell lymphoma and Burkitt's lymphoma.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Haematologica. - : Ferrata Storti Foundation (Haematologica). - 1592-8721 .- 0390-6078. ; 94:11, s. 1563-1568
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We surveyed lymphomas to determine the range of expression of the mantle cell lymphoma-associated SOX11 transcription factor and its relation to cyclin D1. DESIGN AND METHODS: On hundred and seventy-two specimens were immunostained for the SOX11 N and C termini. Cyclin D1 was detected by immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; in situ hybridization for t(11;14) was applied when needed. RESULTS: Nuclear SOX11 was strongly expressed in most B and T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphomas and half of childhood Burkitt's lymphomas, but only weakly expressed in some hairy cell leukemias. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma, marginal zone, follicular and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas were negative for SOX11, as were all cases of intermediate Burkitt's lymphomas/diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, myeloma, Hodgkin's lymphomas and mature T-cell and NK/T-cell lymphomas. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to mantle cell lymphoma, SOX11 is strongly expressed only in lymphoblastic malignancies and Burkitt's lymphomas. Its expression is independent of cyclin D1 (except for weak expression in hairy cell leukemias) and unlikely to be due to translocations in lymphoid neoplasia.
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| 7. |
- Edlund, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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The room temperature crystal structure of a bacterial phytochrome determined by serial femtosecond crystallography
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytochromes are a family of photoreceptors that control light responses of plants, fungi and bacteria. A sequence of structural changes, which is not yet fully understood, leads to activation of an output domain. Time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) can potentially shine light on these conformational changes. Here we report the room temperature crystal structure of the chromophore-binding domains of the Deinococcus radiodurans phytochrome at 2.1 angstrom resolution. The structure was obtained by serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography from microcrystals at an X-ray free electron laser. We find overall good agreement compared to a crystal structure at 1.35 angstrom resolution derived from conventional crystallography at cryogenic temperatures, which we also report here. The thioether linkage between chromophore and protein is subject to positional ambiguity at the synchrotron, but is fully resolved with SFX. The study paves the way for time-resolved structural investigations of the phytochrome photocycle with time-resolved SFX.
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| 8. |
- Eklund, Elin, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Quasi-experimental evaluation of municipal ice cleat distribution programmes for older adults in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Injury Prevention. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1353-8047 .- 1475-5785. ; 29:5, s. 378-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionFall injuries caused by icy road conditions are a prevalent public health problem during winters in Sweden, especially in older populations. To combat this problem, many Swedish municipalities have distributed ice cleats to older adults. While previous research has shown promising results, there is a lack of comprehensive empirical data on the effectiveness of ice cleat distribution. We address this gap by investigating the impact of these distribution programmes on ice-related fall injuries among older adults. MethodsWe combined survey data on ice cleat distribution in Swedish municipalities with injury data from the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR). The survey was used to identify municipalities that have distributed ice cleats to older adults at some point between 2001 and 2019. Data from NPR were used to identify municipality-level data on patients who have been treated for injuries related to snow and ice. We used a triple differences design-a generalisation of difference in differences-that compared ice-related fall injury rates before and after intervention in 73 treatment and 200 control municipalities, with unexposed age groups serving as within-municipality controls. ResultsWe estimate that the average ice cleat distribution programmes reduced ice-related fall injury rates by -0.24 (95% CI -0.49 to 0.02) per 1000 person-winters. The impact estimate was larger in municipalities that distributed more ice cleats (-0.38 (95% CI -0.76 to -0.09)). No similar patterns were found for fall injuries unrelated to snow and ice. ConclusionOur results suggest that ice cleat distribution can decrease the incidence of ice-related injuries among older adults.
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| 9. |
- Elovaara, Pirjo, et al.
(författare)
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Gender Budgeting, Human Resources, Organisational Culture -Development of Methods
- 2015
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Annan publikation (refereegranskat)abstract
- GENISLAB, is a four year project (2011 - 2014) within the 7th Framework Programme for research and technology. The aim of the project is to promote organizational change in six European scientific organizations. Each partner develops its own Tailored Action Plan based on three dimensions, Gender Budgeting, Human Resources (HR) Management and Gender and Organisational Culture and Stereotypes. This report presents results of quantitative and qualitative data on Gender Budgeting and HR management as well as comments on organizational culture.
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| 10. |
- Frögéli, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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A randomized controlled pilot trial of acceptance and commitment training (ACT) for preventing stress-related ill health among future nurses.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Anxiety, Stress, and Coping. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1061-5806 .- 1477-2205. ; 29:2, s. 202-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Levels of stress and burnout increase during nursing education. This development has consequences for nursing students' health, learning, competence, and interest in quality issues in health care.DESIGN: In a randomized controlled pilot trial with a sample of 113 nursing students the effect of an intervention using techniques from acceptance and commitment training (ACT) to prevent the development of stress and burnout was evaluated.METHOD: The 6 × 2-hour program was compared to standard treatment (reflection seminars) post-intervention and at a three-month follow-up using longitudinal analysis of mean response profiles. Mechanisms of change were investigated using a baseline-post intervention two-mediator model.RESULTS: The intervention resulted in increased mindful awareness and decreased experiential avoidance, as well as decreased perceived stress and burnout. Levels of mindful awareness and perceived stress were sustained at follow-up. The proposed mechanisms of change were partly supported by the data.CONCLUSION: This study shows that techniques from ACT might have the potential to contribute to preventing the development of stress and burnout during nursing education. However, additional studies are needed to validate these results.
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| 11. |
- Frögéli, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Preventing Stress-Related Ill Health Among New Registered Nurses by Supporting Engagement in Proactive Behaviors : A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing. - : Wiley. - 1545-102X .- 1741-6787. ; 17:3, s. 202-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: New registered nurses (RNs) are at risk of developing symptoms of stress-related ill health.OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of a 3 × 3 hour group intervention aiming to prevent symptoms of stress-related ill health among new RNs by increasing engagement in proactive behaviors. The intervention involves discussions and models of newcomer experiences and stress and the behavior change techniques reinforcing approach behaviors, systematic exposure, and action planning.DESIGN: A randomized parallel group trial with an active control condition.PARTICIPANTS: The study sample consisted of 239 new RNs participating in a transition-to-practice program for new RNs in a large county in Sweden.METHODS: Participants were randomized to either the experimental intervention or a control intervention. Data on experiences of stress, avoidance of proactive behaviors, engagement in leisure activities, role clarity, task mastery, and social acceptance were collected before and after the intervention. Effects were evaluated using multilevel model analysis and regression analysis. Missing data were imputed using multiple imputation.RESULTS: The control group experienced a statistically significant increase in experiences of stress during the period of the study (t(194.13) = 1.98, p = .049), whereas the level in the experimental group remained stable. Greater adherence to the intervention predicted a greater effect on experiences of stress (β = -0.15, p = .039) and social acceptance (β = 0.16, p = .027).LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: Transition-to-practice programs may benefit from adding an intervention that specifically addresses new RNs' experiences of stress to further support them as they adjust to their new professional role. However, replication studies with larger samples, more reliable measures, and longer periods of follow-up are needed.
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| 12. |
- Frögéli, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Preventing stress-related ill health among newly registered nurses by supporting engagement in proactive behaviors : development and feasibility testing of a behavior change intervention.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Pilot and Feasibility Studies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2055-5784. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Transitioning into a new professional role is a stressful experience with consequences for mental and physical health, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover. New registered nurses seem to be at particular risk of developing stress-related ill health during their first years in the profession. Previous research indicates that engagement in proactive behaviors may reduce this risk.Methods: With the work presented in this paper, we aimed to test the feasibility of conducting an evaluation of the effect of a behavior change intervention to prevent stress-related ill health among new registered nurses by supporting their engagement in proactive behaviors. Feasibility objectives included recruitment, randomization, data collection and analysis, participation, acceptability, and deliverability.We tested the feasibility of evaluating the effect of the intervention as part of a transition-to-practice program for new registered nurses using a non-randomized design with one condition. The trial included a sample of 65 new registered nurses who had been working for 6 months or less.Results: The feasibility of conducting a full-scale effect evaluation was confirmed for recruitment, data collection and analysis, participation, and acceptability. It was not possible to randomize participants, but analyses of between-group differences revealed no selection bias. The time of the intervention will need to be extended to ensure the deliverability.Conclusion: With some adjustments in the study design, it is feasible to evaluate the effect of a behavior change intervention to support new registered nurses' engagement in proactive behaviors during their transition into the new profession as part of a transition-to-practice program for new nurses.
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| 13. |
- Frögéli, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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The Importance of Effective Organizational Socialization for Preventing Stress, Strain, and Early Career Burnout : An Intensive Longitudinal Study of New Professionals
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 19:12, s. 7356-7356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Burnout was originally conceptualized based on experiences of new professionals. Role clarity, task mastery, and social acceptance are recognized as key resources enabling new professionals’ management of the challenges of the new profession. However, relations between these resources and stress, strain, and burnout have not yet been thoroughly investigated at professional entry. Increased understanding of these relations could have implications for strategies to prevent burnout. The aim of the study was to investigate within- and between-individual effects over the first months and relations to burnout at one-year post-entry. Data (n = 322) was collected weekly over the first 13 weeks and again 9 months later. Relationships were modelled using a multilevel regression model and correlation analysis. Results showed that on weeks when participants experienced higher role clarity, task mastery, and social acceptance, they reported significantly less stress, and that participants who experienced higher levels of the resources in general, reported significantly less strain. Levels of the resources at three months were related to symptoms of burnout at 12 months. The study findings provide support of the role of task mastery, role clarity, and social acceptance as resources buffering the impact of demands at professional entry on experiences of stress, strain, and burnout.
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| 14. |
- Frögéli, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship between task mastery, role clarity, social acceptance, and stress : An intensive longitudinal study with a sample of newly registered nurses.
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 91, s. 60-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Transitioning into a new professional role is challenging. Unfortunately, little is currently known about how to reduce experiences of stress among new professionals. The socialization processes role clarity, task mastery, and social acceptance are assumed to reduce experiences of stress as they mediate new professionals' acquisition of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors. However, little prospective data is available on the actual effect of the processes on stress.OBJECTIVES: To prospectively investigate how the socialization processes relate to experiences of stress among new nurses during the first three months of professional working life. Specifically, to investigate development over time, as well as how episodes of increased or decreased levels of the socialization processes relate to concurrent levels of stress. The general purpose of this investigation was to examine the suitability of the socialization processes as targets of an intervention seeking to reduce stress among new professionals.DESIGN: An intensive longitudinal study with weekly data collections over three months.PARTICIPANTS: 264 newly graduated Swedish nurses who started their first job during the period of the study.METHODS: The participants were followed prospectively during 14 consecutive weeks after their professional entry. Data on stress (Stress and Energy Questionnaire), role clarity (General Questionnaire for Psychological and Social Factors at Work), task mastery, and social acceptance (Needs Satisfaction and Frustration Scale) were collected weekly using digital surveys (mean response rate 82.7%). Data was analyzed using a multilevel model for intensive longitudinal data.RESULTS: For the typical nurse, stress decreased by 0.13 units per month, role clarity and task mastery increased by 0.08 and 0.05 units, and social acceptance decreased by 0.08 units. In addition, the slopes of 95 percent of the new nurses varied within 1.18 (stress), 0.72 (role clarity), 0.44 (task mastery), and 0.86 (social acceptance) units of the typical nurse. Most importantly, when the new nurses experienced higher levels of task mastery, role clarity, and social acceptance, they experienced lower levels of stress (within-person parameter estimates: task mastery -0.40, p = .001; role clarity -0.34, p = .001; and social acceptance -0.33, p = .001).CONCLUSIONS: Supporting the development of the socialization processes could be one theoretically based strategy to reduce levels of stress among new nurses. As stress among new professionals is not unique to the nursing profession, and the processes are considered important mediators of new professionals' adaptation in general, the results from this study should likely be generalizable to other professions.
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| 15. |
- Frögli, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Problems with task mastery, social acceptance, and role clarity explain nurses' symptoms of burnout during the first professional years : A longitudinal study.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 62:4, s. 573-584
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Symptoms of burnout among new professionals is a well-recognized problem but there is a lack of prevention programs. Effective interventions are based on an understanding of the processes that contribute to the development of a problem and suggest how it may be addressed.OBJECTIVE: Using the framework of organizational socialization, the objective of this study was to investigate if development of the socialization processes role clarity, social acceptance, and task mastery affects development of symptoms of burnout among new professionals and may specifically be targeted in transition-to-practice programs to prevent symptoms of burnout from occurring. We conducted this investigation by examining the relations between role clarity, social acceptance, task mastery, and symptoms of burnout the first year after professional entry, as well as the relations between changes in the socialization processes and changes in symptoms of burnout during the first three years following professional entry in a sample of new nurses.METHOD: Relationships between the socialization processes and symptoms of burnout were modeled using a linear latent growth model and data from a nationally representative sample of 1210 new registered nurses.RESULTS: Role clarity, social acceptance, and task mastery were related to symptoms of burnout cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Task mastery was the most important explanatory variable.CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that an intervention designed to support the development of the socialization processes may be effective in preventing symptoms of burnout among new nurses. Interventions targeting role clarity, social acceptance, and task mastery during the first professional year may be expected to have effects during the following years as well, extending the value and importance of such interventions.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Gustavsson, Catharina, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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General practitioners' use of sickness certification guidelines in Sweden at introduction and four years later : a survey study
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal for Quality in Health Care. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 1353-4505 .- 1464-3677. ; 30:6, s. 429-436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: National sickness certification guidelines were introduced in Sweden in 2007, comprising both overarching and diagnoses-specific recommendations. This study aimed to investigate how general practitioners (GP) used and perceived the usefulness of these guidelines in the sickness certification process close after introduction and 4 years later. Design: Two nationwide cross-sectional surveys in 2008 and 2012. Setting: Swedish healthcare. Participants: Physicians working in primary healthcare and having sickness certification consultations at least a few times per year (n = 4214 in 2008, and n = 4067 in 2012). Main Outcome Measures: Frequency of use and perceived usefulness of the sickness certification guidelines. Results: Most GPs used the guidelines at least a few times per year (in 2008 74.6%; in 2012 85.2%). In 2008, 44.1% reported a need to develop competence in using the guidelines, compared with 23.3% in 2012. Of those using the guidelines, 36.7% in 2008 and 44.6% in 2012 reported it problematic to write sickness certificates in accordance with the guidelines. Most GPs (89.2% in 2008 and 88.8% in 2012) valued the guidelines beneficial to ensure quality in sickness certification consultations. A larger proportion in 2012 compared with 2008 reported that the guidelines facilitated contacts with patients (61.2%, respectively, 55.6%), as well as with other stakeholders. Conclusions: The guidelines were perceived as useful and beneficial to ensure high quality in sickness certification consultations, and facilitated contacts with patients as well as other stakeholders. In 2012, still one-fourth reported a need to develop more competence in using the sickness certification guidelines.
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| 19. |
- Gustavsson, Catharina, et al.
(författare)
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Obstetricians/Gynecologists' Problems in Sickness Certification Consultations : Two Nationwide Surveys.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Obstetrics and Gynecology International. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-9589 .- 1687-9597. ; 2016
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although O/Gs perceived sickness certification as problematic, there was less perceived severity of problems in 2012 compared to 2008, possibly because interventions regarding sickness certification have been introduced in Sweden recent years. Still, more organizational support, for example, time and supervision, are needed to enhance O/Gs' sickness certification practices.
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| 20. |
- Gustavsson, Elin
(författare)
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SOX11 as a Cancer Biomarker - Expression and Regulatory Studies in B-cell Lymphomas and Ovarian Cancer
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is estimated that one third of all people in Sweden will be diagnosed with cancer during their lifetime. The outcome for a specific patient is related to early and correct diagnosis, and prediction of effective treatment regimens. Biomarkers are molecules that can aid the clinician in such decisions regarding diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. In this thesis, based on five original papers, the role of SOX11 as a novel diagnostic biomarker in MCL and prognostic biomarker in ovarian cancer is presented. In addition, it is demonstrated how antibodies against such cancer biomarkers, including SOX11, are generated and used in various applications. Expression of SOX11 in MCL is herein shown to be independent of Cyclin D1 and able to distinguish MCL from common morphological simulators. Furthermore, the prognostic relevance of SOX11 also for non-haematological disease is confirmed as expression of SOX11 in high-grade ovarian cancer relates to survival. The functional role for SOX11 is further demonstrated for expressing malignancies, as it appears to be a negative regulator of cellular growth in vitro, possibly by inducing expression of tumour suppressors. An example of the underlying regulatory mechanism for SOX11 expression in cancer is provided as the methylation status of its CpG promoter correlates to expression in lymphomas and ovarian cancers. DNA hyper methylation commonly represses genes in neoplastic cells and has the potential to be detected in blood as a diagnostic test of methylated malignancies.
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| 21. |
- Gustavsson, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Surrogate antigens as targets for proteome-wide binder selection
- 2011
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Ingår i: New Biotechnology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-6784 .- 1876-4347. ; 28:4, s. 302-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the last decade, many initiatives have been taken to develop antibodies for proteome-wide studies, as well as characterization and validation of clinically relevant disease biomarkers. Phage display offers many advantages compared to conventional antibody generation by immunization and hybridoma technology, since it is an unlimited resource of affinity reagents without batch-to-batch variation and is amendable for high throughput. One of the major bottlenecks to proteome-wide binder selection is the limited supply of suitable target antigens representative of the human proteome. Here, we provide proof of principle of using easily accessible, cancer-associated protein epitope signature tags (PrESTs), routinely generated within the Human Protein Atlas project, as surrogate antigens in phage selectionsfor the retrieval of target specific binders. These binders were subsequently tested in western blot, immunohistochemistry and protein microarray application to demonstrate their functionality.
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| 22. |
- Gustavsson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Osäkerhetsanalys av kväveretention i HBV-NP-modellen
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kväve från olika källor som reningsverk, dagvatten och atmosfärsdeposition trans-porteras med vattnet genom mark, sjöar och vattendrag mot havet. På vägen redu-ceras en del kväve genom biogeokemiska processer som växtupptag, denitrifikation och sedimentation. Denna retention är svår att mäta men kan skattas med vatten-kvalitetsmodeller som matematiskt beskriver dessa processer.Svenska MiljöemissionsData (SMED) ansvarar för de svenska beräkningarna som ligger till grund för rapporteringen av Sveriges belastning på Östersjön genom HELCOM: PLC-Annual och PLC-Periodical. I PLC-Annual beräknas retention av kväve och fosfor med SMHIs vattenkvalitetsmodell HBV-NP (Brandt, 1990; Ar-heimer och Brandt, 1998).Inom arbetet med svensk vattenförvaltning används beräkningsresultat från PLC5-rapporteringen i brist på observerade data. Modellresultat är behäftade med osäker-het som ett resultat av osäkerheter i såväl data som modellens beskrivning av verk-ligheten. Få studier har undersökt osäkerhet i modellering av kvävebelastning och kväveretention. Efter rapporteringen till PLC5 gjordes inom SMED ett försök att kvantifiera osäkerhet i bruttobelastning till följd av osäkerhet i indata i PLC5-beräkningarna (Widén-Nilsson m.fl., 2010). Studien visade att de olika indatakäl-lorna bitvis är behäftade med stora osäkerheter, vilket även kan få stort genomslag på den totala bruttobelastningen. För att på sikt komma fram till osäkerhetsintervall för de nationella nettobelastningsberäkningarna behöver osäkerheten i retentions-beräkningarna också studeras.Syftet med denna studie var att identifiera och kvantifiera de största osäkerheterna i retentionsberäkningarna för PLC5-rapporteringen. Projektet avgränsades till att endast omfatta analyser av kväve. Öreälven, Helge å, Rönne å och Skräbeån valdes ut för studien baserat på datatillgång.Flera olika typer av osäkerheter som påverkar den modellerade retentionen stude-rades. Först analyserades kalibreringsmetodens inverkan genom manuell kalibre-ring av modellen av flera oberoende modellerare samt med en Monte Carlo-analys. Vid Monte Carlo-analysen kördes modellen 5 000 gånger med slumpmässigt valda värden för retentionsparametrarna. Av de 5 000 simuleringarna valdes de 1 000 simuleringarna med bäst överrensstämmelse mellan observerat och simulerat kväve ut. Urvalet baserades på ett utvärderingskriterium som mätte andel av tiden som de simulerade värdena var innanför osäkerheten i de observerade värdena. Osäkerhet-en i de observerade kvävekoncentrationerna var ibland betydande. Analysen visade att många olika kombinationer av parametervärden gav jämförbara resultat. Inga simuleringar var innanför de observerade osäkerhetsgränserna vid alla tidpunkter och generellt sett beskrev modellen dynamiken i oorganiskt kväve bättre än för totalkväve och organiskt kväve. PLC5-simuleringarna jämförde sig i flera fall väl med de bästa simuleringarna från Monte Carlo-analysen. HAVS- OCH VATTENMYNDIGHETEN Rapport8För Helge å och Rönne å var skillnaden i retention liten mellan de olika manuella kalibreringarna och beräkningen i PLC5. Skillnaden mellan de tre oberoende kalibreringarna var störst för det avrinningsområde som hade lägst antal observationspunkter, Öreälven skiljde sig ca 10 % jämfört med den beräknade totala retentionen enligt PLC5. Den manuella kalibreringen utvärderades även i ett proxy-basin test i ett närliggande område, Skräbeån, som ligger öster om Helge å. Skillnaden i medelretentionen 1984–2004 för Skräbeån, med kalibreringsparametrar för Helge å, var som högst 12 % mellan högsta och lägsta beräkningsscenario. Jämförelsen visar på vikten av mätdata att kalibrera modellen mot för att begränsa osäkerheter på grund av olika kalibreringsmetodik.Resultatet från den första analysen användes sedan till att undersöka effekten av olika förändrade förutsättningar; ett högbelastande och ett lågbelastande scenario för förändrad bruttobelastning, scenarier för förändrad jordart samt för förändrad grödofördelning. Samma metodik som i den tidigare studien av Widén-Nilsson m.fl. (2010) användes för att skatta osäkerheten i bruttobelastning och effekten på de simulerade resultaten var störst i Öreälven som normalt hade lägst retention.Utifrån resultat från den manuella kalibreringen, beräknades två olika scenarier för förändrat läckage från jordbruksmark där jordarten hade en finare respektive grövre textur jämfört med PLC5. Jordartsanalysen med det höga läckaget kompletterades för Rönne å med en analys av en förändrad grödofördelning. Scenarier med föränd-rad fördelning av jordarter gav en försumbar effekt på den totala retentionen i alla huvudavrinningsområden. I Rönne å gav förändrad gröda en effekt på i genomsnitt 5 %.Osäkerhet i vattenföringsdata beräknades utifrån avvikelsen mellan uppmätt och från avbördningskurvan beräknad vattenföring. Osäkerheterna låg inom ett inter-vall av -50 till +30 %, med de största osäkerheterna för de lägsta och högsta flö-dena. Effekten av denna osäkerhet i vattenföring på de simulerade resultaten var i vissa fall stor, för en station var skillnaden i medelretention omkring 20 %.Förändringen av sjöretention analyserades i varje PLC-område genom att sjöyta respektive djup varierades med ±10 % och ±30 %. Osäkerheter i form av förändrad sjöyta var mer avgörande i små PLC-områden. Där får små sjöar förhållandevis större betydelse än i stora områden.Sammanfattningsvis visade studien på vikten av osäkerhetsanalys vid modellka-librering och vikten av kvantifiering av överrensstämmelsen med observationsdata, såväl som vikten av observationsdata för att begränsa osäkerheter i simulerade resultat. Osäkerheter i indata och fysikaliska parametrar i modellen får särskild betydelse i oövervakade områden där modellkalibreringen inte kan kompensera för sådana osäkerheter.
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| 23. |
- Gustavsson, Nicklas, et al.
(författare)
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Comments Concerning the National Swedish Contaminant Monitoring Programme in Fresh Water Biota 2009
- 2010. - 2010:4
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report gives a summary of the monitoring activities within the national Swedish contaminant programme in freshwater biota. It is the result from the joint efforts of: the Department of Applied Environmental Science at Stockholm University (analyses of organochlorines, flame retardants and perfluorinated compounds), Department of Chemistry at Umeå University (analyses of PCDD/PCDF) and the Department of Contaminant Research at the Swedish Museum of Natural History (co-ordination, sample collection administration, sample preparation, recording of biological variables, storage of frozen biological tissues in the Environmental Specimen Bank for retrospective studies, data preparation and statistical evaluation). The monitoring programme is financed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in Sweden. The data of concern in this report represent the bioavailable part of the investigated contaminants i.e. the part that has virtually passed through the biological membranes and may cause toxic effects. The objectives of the monitoring program in freshwater biota could be summarised as follows:
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| 24. |
- Gustavsson, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term effects of immunotherapy with a brain penetrating Aβ antibody in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
- 2023
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Ingår i: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1758-9193. ; 15:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundBrain-directed immunotherapy is a promising strategy to target amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present study, we compared the therapeutic efficacy of the Aβ protofibril targeting antibody RmAb158 with its bispecific variant RmAb158-scFv8D3, which enters the brain by transferrin receptor-mediated transcytosis.MethodsAppNL−G−F knock-in mice received RmAb158, RmAb158-scFv8D3, or PBS in three treatment regimens. First, to assess the acute therapeutic effect, a single antibody dose was given to 5 months old AppNL−G−F mice, with evaluation after 3 days. Second, to assess the antibodies’ ability to halt the progression of Aβ pathology, 3 months old AppNL−G−F mice received three doses during a week, with evaluation after 2 months. Reduction of RmAb158-scFv8D3 immunogenicity was explored by introducing mutations in the antibody or by depletion of CD4+ T cells. Third, to study the effects of chronic treatment, 7-month-old AppNL−G−F mice were CD4+ T cell depleted and treated with weekly antibody injections for 8 weeks, including a final diagnostic dose of [125I]RmAb158-scFv8D3, to determine its brain uptake ex vivo. Soluble Aβ aggregates and total Aβ42 were quantified with ELISA and immunostaining.ResultsNeither RmAb158-scFv8D3 nor RmAb158 reduced soluble Aβ protofibrils or insoluble Aβ1-42 after a single injection treatment. After three successive injections, Aβ1-42 was reduced in mice treated with RmAb158, with a similar trend in RmAb158-scFv8D3-treated mice. Bispecific antibody immunogenicity was somewhat reduced by directed mutations, but CD4+ T cell depletion was used for long-term therapy. CD4+ T cell-depleted mice, chronically treated with RmAb158-scFv8D3, showed a dose-dependent increase in blood concentration of the diagnostic [125I]RmAb158-scFv8D3, while concentration was low in plasma and brain. Chronic treatment did not affect soluble Aβ aggregates, but a reduction in total Aβ42 was seen in the cortex of mice treated with both antibodies.ConclusionsBoth RmAb158 and its bispecific variant RmAb158-scFv8D3 achieved positive effects of long-term treatment. Despite its ability to efficiently enter the brain, the benefit of using the bispecific antibody in chronic treatment was limited by its reduced plasma exposure, which may be a result of interactions with TfR or the immune system. Future research will focus in new antibody formats to further improve Aβ immunotherapy.
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| 25. |
- Hansson, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Näringsbelastningen på Östersjön och Västerhavet 2017 : Sveriges underlag till HELCOM:s sjunde Pollution Load Compilation
- 2019
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Havs- och vattenmyndigheten har gett SMED i uppdrag att genomföra beräkningar av kväve- och fosforbelastning från olika källor för år 2017 till sjöar, vattendrag och havet för hela Sverige. Syftet är att ge underlag till Sveriges rapportering till HELCOM PLC7 samt till vattenförvaltningens arbete i Sverige. Denna rapport, tillsammans med underlagsrapporter, redovisar resultat, underlagsdata, och beräkningsmetoder på detaljnivå för att uppnå transparens och spårbarhet samt för att möjliggöra vidareanvändning i arbetet inom svensk vattenförvaltning.Beräkningarna genomfördes i så stor utsträckning som möjligt med den metodiken som togs fram inom föregående projekt (PLC6). Arbetet innebär att stora mängder data har bearbetats och beräknats för att ge heltäckande information för hela Sverige fördelat på cirka 24 500 vattenförekomstområden. Resultaten är tillgängliga för alla via webbverktyget Tekniskt Beräkningssystem Vatten (TBV, tbv.smhi.se). Resultaten presenteras som brutto- samt nettobelastning för varje näringskälla, fördelat på total, antropogen och bakgrundsbelastning. Bruttobelastning är den mängd näringsämnen som släpps ut vid källan till ett vattendrag eller sjö. Nettobelastning är den del av bruttobelastningen som når havet. Skillnaden mellan brutto- och nettobelastningen benämns retention. Jordbruks- och skogsmark är de två största källorna till den totala belastningen på havet (nettobelastning) för både kväve och fosfor, med 33 400 respektive 31 670 ton/år kväve, samt 1 010 respektive 870 ton/år fosfor år 2017. Tillsammans står dessa källor för cirka 60 % av den totala belastningen. Av den antropogena belastningen står jordbruket för den största andelen (19 470 ton/år kväve samt 710 ton/år fosfor), följt av utsläpp från avloppsreningsverk (14 050 ton/år kväve samt 230 ton/år fosfor). Belastningen från skogsmark ingår enbart i bakgrund och den antropogena belastningen från hyggen bidrar endast med 1 540 ton/år kväve och 20 ton/år fosfor.Bottenhavet, Egentliga Östersjön och Kattegatt är de bassänger som tar emot mest kväve av Sveriges totala belastning på havet (28 560 ton/år, 26 150 ton/år respektive 27 700 ton/år, vilket motsvarar cirka 25 % vardera). I Bottenhavet är dock en stor del av belastningen naturlig bakgrundsbelastning. Egentliga Östersjön och Kattegatt tar emot mest av Sveriges antropogena belastning av kväve, 30 % respektive 31 %. I jämförelse mellan vilka havsbassänger som är mest belastade av fosfor, så är det Bottenhavet som tar emot mest (1 040 ton/år eller 32 % av den totala belastningen). Strax under en fjärdedel av Sveriges totala belastning på havet, rinner till Egentliga Östersjön (790 ton/år) och omkring en femtedel belastar Bottenviken och Kattegatt (640 respektive 620 ton/år). Aktionsplanen för Östersjön (Baltic Sea Action Plan, BSAP) anger utsläppsmål för alla länder kring Östersjön, med syfte att nå ”God miljöstatus” i Östersjön och Kattegatt. För fosfor är målet uppnått i alla bassänger utom Egentliga Östersjön, där det är ett utmanande mål och det kommer att bli mycket svårt att minska fosforbelastningen under belastningstaket (308 ton/år). Det krävs omfattande åtgärder av de antropogena källorna, men dessutom så utgör bakgrundsbelastningen en betydande del av den totala belastningen. Total nettobelastning av fosfor till Egentliga Östersjön är 790 ton enligt dessa beräkningar, varav 230 ton är beräknat som bakgrundsbelastning. För att Egentliga Östersjön ska kunna uppnå god miljöstatus med avseende på övergödning kommer det även att behövas åtgärder i Östersjöns andra delbassänger. På grund av skillnader i metoder och indata, är det inte möjligt att direkt jämföra hur belastningen från diffusa källor har ändrats sedan PLC6 (2014). En metodikskillnad som särskilt bör noteras är beräkningen av bakgrundsbelastningen av fosfor från jordbruksmark. Beräkningsmetoden för bakgrunden har utvecklats mellan olika PLC-beräkningar, vilket också lett till starkt skiftande resultat för bakgrundsbelastningen. I PLC6-beräkningen blev bakgrundsbelastningen hög eftersom en förändring i modellen visade sig ha gett en förmodad alltför stor förlust av partikulärt fosfor. Detta har korrigerats i den senaste modellversionen (PLC6.5 och PLC7) vilket är en av anledningarna till att bakgrundsbelastningen är lägre i PLC7 än i PLC6. Det är dock viktigt att notera att bakgrundsberäkningen alltid kommer att vara osäker eftersom den dels i mycket stor utsträckning bygger på antaganden och eftersom det dels saknas mätdata för att jämföra beräkningsresultaten med.För att resultaten för de diffusa källorna ska vara jämförbara mellan åren krävs att det görs en omräkning, antingen med gamla PLC-data och med den nya metoden eller med nya data och med den gamla metoden. En sådan omräkning kan bringa klarhet i hur mycket av skillnaden i resultaten som beror av förfinade indata eller förbättrade metoder och hur mycket som beror på implementerade åtgärder för att minska belastningen. Belastningen från punktkällorna beräknas på samma sätt som i PLC6. Utsläppen till havet i PLC 7 (2017) från avloppsreningsverk är ungefär i samma storleksordning som i PLC 6 (år 2014) 230 respektive 240 ton fosfor samt 14 000 ton kväve (netto). Industrier har minskat sin belastning på havet och svarar 2017 för 210 ton fosfor samt 3 320 ton kväve, jämfört med 250 fosfor och 3 800 ton kväve år 2014.
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| 26. |
- Liljeberg, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Hantering av kopplingen mellan markanvändning, läckagekoefficienter och avrinning för PLC6
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Havs- och vattenmyndigheten har uppdragit åt SMED att beräknanäringsämnesbelastningen till Sveriges omgivande havsbassänger.Uppdraget utgör underlag till HELCOM-rapporteringen Pollution LoadCompilation (PLC Periodical).Inom SMED sker en kontinuerlig utveckling av metoder och modeller föratt förbättra kvalitén på dessa beräkningar. I denna rapport undersöksmöjligheterna att kombinera tidigare framtagen metodik för att beräknakällfördelningen av kväve och fosfor med ny förbättrad beräkning avavrinning genom att utnyttja en redan kalibrerad högupplöst hydrologiskmodell för Sverige, kallad S-HYPE.Den belastning som avses i denna rapport är det diffusa markläckaget somgenereras av olika slags markanvändning, beräknat som en produkt avmarkanvändningsslag och specifik typhalt. S-HYPE har kalibrerats med endefinition av markanvändning som skiljer sig från den markanvändning somanvänts tidigare. För att det ska vara möjligt att använda de typhalter somtagits fram i tidigare beräkningar behöver de olika definitionerna avmarkanvändning relateras till varandra. För test och validering av den nyaavrinningsberäkningen genom en anpassning av tidigare kalibrerad S-HYPEtill SMED – HYPE bedöms skillnader i arealer hos markanvändningen haen försumbar effekt. För en fullständig beräkning av närsaltsläckagebehöver markanvändning däremot harmoniseras.Data om jordbrukets arealer tas i PLC-beräkningarna från jordbruksblockenoch de stödsökta grödorna. I PLC6 ändras metodiken för jordbruksblocksom saknar stödsökta grödor så att dessa beräknas som odefinierade grödormed läckaget för extensiv vall, istället för att de klassas som öppen marksom i PLC5. Om möjligt ska de konstaterade grödarealerna istället för demer preliminära stödsökta arealerna användas.
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| 27. |
- Ljungquist, Therese, et al.
(författare)
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Problems with sickness certification tasks : experiences from physicians in different clinical settings. A cross-sectional nationwide study in Sweden.
- 2015
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Many physicians find sickness certification of patients problematic. The aims were to explore problems that physicians in different clinical settings experience with sickness certification tasks in general and with assessment of function, work capacity, and need for sick leave, as well as handling of sick-leave spells of different durations.METHODS: Data from a questionnaire sent to 33,144 physicians aged <68 years, living and working in Sweden in 2012 were analysed. The response rate was 57.6%. The study group comprised the 12,933 responders who had sickness certification tasks. Frequencies and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for questions concerning how problematic the physicians experienced different assessments related to patients' function, work capacity, and need for sick leave, as well as handling sick-leave spells of different durations.RESULTS: There were large differences between clinical settings regarding how often and to what extent sickness certification consultations were perceived as problematic. Physicians working in primary health care (PHC) had the highest proportions experiencing sickness certification consultations as problematic at least once a week (49.5%) and as very or fairly problematic (56.6%), followed by physicians working in psychiatry, pain management, or orthopaedics. More than half of the responders found it very or fairly problematic to assess patients' work capacity (57.8%), to make a long-term prognosis about patients' future work capacity (55.7%), and to handle long-term or very long-term sickness certifications (51.9% and 51.8%). The proportions were highest among physicians working in PHC, rheumatology, neurology, or psychiatry.CONCLUSIONS: The rates of physicians finding sickness certification task problematic varied much with clinical setting, and were highest among physicians in PHC. More knowledge is needed about the work conditions and prerequisites for optimal handling of sickness certification in different clinical settings.
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| 28. |
- Modin, Oskar, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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A relationship between phages and organic carbon in wastewater treatment plant effluents
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Water Research X. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-9147. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With stringent effluent requirements and the implementation of new processes for micropollutant removal, it is increasingly important for wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to understand the factors affecting effluent quality. Phages (viruses infecting prokaryotes) are abundant in the biological treatment processes. They can contribute to organic carbon in the treated effluent both because they are organic in nature and occur in the effluent and because they cause lysis of microorganisms. Today very little is known about the effects of phages on effluent quality. The goal of this study was, therefore, to determine the relationship between phages and organic carbon in WWTP effluents. We also examined the diversity, taxonomy, and host-association of DNA phages using metagenomics. Effluent samples were collected from four WWTPs treating municipal wastewater. Significant differences in both organic carbon and virus-like particle concentrations were observed between the plants and there was a linear relationship between the two parameters. The phage communities were diverse with many members being taxonomically unclassified. Putative hosts were dominated by bacteria known to be abundant in activated sludge systems such as Comamonadaceae. The composition of phages differed between the WWTPs, suggesting that local conditions shape the communities. Overall, our findings suggest that the abundance and composition of phages are related to effluent quality. Thus, there is a need for further research clarifying the association between phage dynamics and WWTP function.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Norström, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Micro-fossil analysis of Mesolithic human dental calculus, Motala, Sweden - Indications of health status and paleo-diet
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-409X .- 2352-4103. ; 26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analysed microfossil remains in human dental calculus sampled from an individual of the Mesolithic burials at Strandvägen, Motala, central Sweden. The analysis was targeted on phytoliths, diatoms and fungal spores. The composition of the phytolith assemblage suggests that plant micro-fossils found in the dental calculus partially stem from reeds of Phragmites. This suggests that the studied individual was consuming and/or manipulating reeds with his teeth. Spherical fungal spores were abundant in the calculus, possibly indicating weak health status, although it cannot be excluded that they originate from natural long-term accumulations. The diatom composition in the dental calculus was dominated by Cyclotella distinguenda, a species which is strongly linked to waters of the nearby Lake Vättern. This suggests that the studied individual primarily used water, and/or aquatic flora/fauna, from Lake Vättern.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Ossiansson, Elin, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Primary filtration of municipal wastewater with sludge fermentation – Impacts on biological nutrient removal
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 902
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Primary filtration is a compact pre-treatment process for municipal wastewater, which can lead to high removal of total suspended solids (TSS) if polymer is added prior to filtration. Extensive carbon removal with rotating belt filter (RBF) can be combined with filter primary sludge fermentation at ambient temperature, in order to produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as carbon source for biological nutrient removal (BNR). This process was implemented at large pilot-scale and operated for more than a year. The results showed that the RBF efficiently removed particles >10 μm, and that the TSS removal had a strong linear correlation to the influent TSS concentration. Fermentation of the sludge at ambient temperature and five days retention time and addition of the fermentate to the wastewater could nearly double the VFA concentration in the wastewater by adding 31 ± 9 mg VFA-COD/L. Meanwhile, an increase of 2 mg/L of ammonium nitrogen, and 0.7 mg /L of phosphate phosphorus would be added to the wastewater with the fermentate. Adding the fermented sludge to the wastewater stream and removing the particles with RBF makes it possible to utilize nearly all the produced VFAs for BNR, and the feasibility of this configuration was shown at pilot-scale. According to simulations of subsequent BNR, the pre-treatment would lead to lower effluent total nitrogen concentrations. Alternatively, the required BNR volume could be reduced by 11–18 %. The estimated total biogas production was similar for pre-treatment with primary settler and RBF with fermentation. RBF without fermentation gave the most favourable energy balance, but did not reach the same low effluent value for total nitrogen as RBF with fermentation.
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| 33. |
- Ossiansson, Elin, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Seasonal variations in acidogenic fermentation of filter primary sludge
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Water Research. - 0043-1354 .- 1879-2448. ; 242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Primary treatment of municipal wastewater by rotating belt filtration followed by hydrolysis and acidogenic fermentation of the filter primary sludge (FPS) at ambient temperature was studied at pilot-scale during one year. The seasonal variations of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), nutrient release and soluble COD production as well as microbial community assembly were assessed, leading to novel findings for fermentation at ambient temperature. The reproducibility of VFA production performance was first established by operating the two fermentation reactors under the same conditions, showing similar results regarding VFA production and microbial community structure. One year of operation at 5 d retention time (RT) and 16–29 °C resulted in an average VFA yield of 180±35 mg COD/g VSin and soluble COD yield of 242±40 mg COD/g VSin. The VFA formation was temperature-dependent, with ϴ=1.033±0.005 (r=r20·Θ(T−20∘C)). The seasonal variations of the acetic and propionic acid productions were pronounced, whereas the productions of VFAs with longer chains were more stable regardless of temperature. The community structure of the reactor microbiomes was also clearly affected by season and temperature and linked with the production spectrum of VFAs. The ammonium and phosphate releases were stable during the year, leading to a decrease in ratios of soluble COD to NH4+-N and PO43−-P during winter. The soluble COD yield was 11% and 27% higher at 5 d RT compared to 3 and 2 d RT respectively, but the corresponding volumetric productivities were lower. The dissimilarities between microbiomes in influent FPS and fermenters were significant even at a short RT of 2 d, and increased with longer RT of 3 and 5 d, primarily caused by selection of bacteria within Bacteroidota in the fermentation reactors.
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| 34. |
- Rendo, Verónica, et al.
(författare)
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Exploiting loss of heterozygosity for allele-selective colorectal cancer chemotherapy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Allelic losses occurring in cancer cells have been suggested as potential targets for therapy. Here, the authors show how recurring loss of heterozygosity of a drug metabolic gene in colorectal cancers can be exploited using a low molecular weight compound. Cancer chemotherapy targeting frequent loss of heterozygosity events is an attractive concept, since tumor cells may lack enzymatic activities present in normal constitutional cells. To find exploitable targets, we map prevalent genetic polymorphisms to protein structures and identify 45 nsSNVs (non-synonymous small nucleotide variations) near the catalytic sites of 17 enzymes frequently lost in cancer. For proof of concept, we select the gastrointestinal drug metabolic enzyme NAT2 at 8p22, which is frequently lost in colorectal cancers and has a common variant with 10-fold reduced activity. Small molecule screening results in a cytotoxic kinase inhibitor that impairs growth of cells with slow NAT2 and decreases the growth of tumors with slow NAT2 by half as compared to those with wild-type NAT2. Most of the patient-derived CRC cells expressing slow NAT2 also show sensitivity to 6-(4-aminophenyl)-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)pyrazin-2-amine (APA) treatment. These findings indicate that the therapeutic index of anti-cancer drugs can be altered by bystander mutations affecting drug metabolic genes.
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| 37. |
- Sernbo, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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The tumour suppressor SOX11 is associated with improved survival among high grade epithelial ovarian cancers and is regulated by reversible promoter methylation
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The neural transcription factor SOX11 has been described as a prognostic marker in epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC), however its role in individual histological subtypes and tumour grade requires further clarification. Furthermore, methylation-dependent silencing of SOX11 has been reported for B cell lymphomas and indicates that epigenetic drugs may be used to re-express this tumour suppressor, but information on SOX11 promoter methylation in EOC is still lacking. Methods: SOX11 expression and clinicopathological data was compared using chi(2) test in a cohort of 154 cases of primary invasive EOC. Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log rank test were applied to evaluate ovarian cancer-specific survival (OCSS) and overall survival (OS) in strata, according to SOX11 expression. Also, the methylation status of the SOX11 promoter was determined by sodium bisulfite sequencing and methylation specific PCR (MSP). Furthermore, the effect of ectopic overexpression of SOX11 on proliferation was studied through [3H]-thymidine incorporation. Results: SOX11 expression was associated with an improved survival of patients with high grade EOC, although not independent of stage. Further analyses of EOC cell lines showed that SOX11 mRNA and protein were expressed in two of five cell lines, correlating with promoter methylation status. Demethylation was successfully performed using 5'-Aza-2'deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) resulting in SOX11 mRNA and protein expression in a previously negative EOC cell line. Furthermore, overexpression of SOX11 in EOC cell lines confirmed the growth regulatory role of SOX11. Conclusions: SOX11 is a functionally associated protein in EOC with prognostic value for high-grade tumours. Re-expression of SOX11 in EOC indicates a potential use of epigenetic drugs to affect cellular growth in SOX11-negative tumours.
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| 38. |
- Spangenberg, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of physical activity and group size on animal welfare in laboratory rats
- 2009
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Ingår i: Animal Welfare. - 0962-7286 .- 2054-1538. ; 18, s. 159-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate whether moderate physical activity and group size influence physical fitness, the level of social interactions in the home cage and rats' performance in the Elevated Plus Maze and a handling test. Forty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats were kept in groups of two, four or eight for seven weeks in cages adjusted to the group size. Home cage social interactions were studied during direct observations. Half of the number of rats from each cage were subjected to moderate exercise on a treadmill for five weeks. An exercise test was performed at the beginning and end of the experimental period, during which time lactate levels were analysed via blood sampling. Rats living in groups of four or eight performed better in the second exercise test; had more social interactions and showed more activity, open-arm entries and risk assessment in the Elevated Plus Maze test compared to rats living in pairs. The trained rats had lower blood lactate levels in the second exercise test lower bodyweight and plasma insulin levels and had a greater relative heart weight at the end of the study compared to control rats. In conclusion, rats kept in larger groups had more social interactions, a lower lactate response during exercise and showed less emotional reactivity. Moderate treadmill exercise resulted in the expected increase in the rats' physical fitness. The results show that both group size and physical activity are important factors for animal welfare,
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