| 1. |
- Holmgren, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Cytokine mRNA expression in bronchoalveolar lavage cells during Dictyocaulus viviparus infection in calves
- 2014
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Ingår i: Parasite Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0141-9838 .- 1365-3024. ; 36, s. 78-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to monitor local cytokine responses to Dictyocaulus viviparus in calves during primary infection and re-infection. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected weekly from experimentally infected calves and interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IFN- mRNA expression was quantified in BALF cells. The major finding was a prominent transient increase in IL-4 mRNA expression, compared with that of uninfected calves, observed in BALF cells collected 2-3weeks post-primary D.viviparus infection. At 2weeks post-infection, macroscopic worms were also first observed in BALF. Calves re-infected after 10weeks were partially immune which was evident at slaughter 5weeks post-infection as a lower worm burden than in previously naive calves infected at the same time. IL-4 mRNA expression in BALF cells 2weeks post-re-infection was increased compared with that of uninfected animals but not as high as that of primarily infected calves. BALF cell expression of the other cytokines tested for was not as clearly effected by the D.viviparus infection. It seems likely that the strong IL-4 response observed during primary infection reflects an innate response to the worms that may initiate an ensuing Th2 response, which confers protective immunity.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ossman, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Nulägesanalys för satsning på NNE byggnader : slutrapport etapp 1
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det övergripande syftet med uppdraget är att få en detaljerad bild över byggnaders energiprestanda i Sverige. Den första etappen, förstudien, går ut på att beskriva metoden för hur denna analys ska göras. Som etapp 2 genomförs själva nulägesanalysen och slut¬ligen i etapp 3 analyseras resultat och slutsatser presenteras. I denna rapport redogörs för etapp 1, dvs metodbeskrivningen för nulägesanalysen. Nulägesanalysen ska senare kunna användas för att följa upp hur satsningar på Näranoll¬energibyggnader (NNE) påverkar energianvändningen i hela byggnadsbeståndet, inte bara i de faktiska demonstrationsprojekt som beviljas stöd och där uppföljning är betydligt enklare. Resultatet av nulägesanalysen, och den uppföljande analysen (planerad till 2015), ska i förlängningen kunna vara ett stöd när de nationella målnivåerna för näranollenergi-byggnader bestäms. I denna rapport redogörs för etapp 1, dvs metodbeskrivningen för nulägesanalysen. Rapporten beskriver vilka statistikkällor som finns idag samt en metod för hur dessa kan bidra till en mer detaljerad bild av byggnaders energiprestanda under ett valt referensår.
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| 4. |
- Wallman, Andy, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish Students and Preceptors Perceptions of What Students Learn in a Six-Month Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. - : American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. - 0002-9459 .- 1553-6467. ; 75:10, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To identify what pharmacy students learn during the 6-month advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) in Sweden. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanMethods. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 pharmacy APPE students and 17 pharmacist preceptors and analyzed in a qualitative directed content analysis using a defined workplace learning typology for categories. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanResults. The Swedish APPE provides students with task performance skills for work at pharmacies and social and professional knowledge, such as teamwork, how to learn while in a work setting, self-evaluation, understanding of the pharmacist role, and decision making and problem solving skills. Many of these skills and knowledge are not accounted for in the curricula in Sweden. Using a workplace learning typology to identify learning outcomes, as in this study, could be useful for curricula development. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanConclusions. Exploring the learning that takes place during the APPE in a pharmacy revealed a broad range of skills and knowledge that students acquire.
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| 5. |
- Zwedberg, Sofia, 1957-
(författare)
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Ville amma! : En hermeneutisk studie av mödrar med amningsbesvär; deras upplevelser, problemhantering samt amningskonsultativa möten
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The focus is on mothers who asked for help because of initial problems with breastfeeding, i.e., their feelings and experiences, how they cope with their difficulties, and the consultative meetings with a midwife. Taking as a point of departure the ideas that mothers have about breastfeeding, the aim is to describe how mothers experience their situation and themselves as new mothers, when they have problems with breastfeeding, and, to find out how mothers experience the consultative situation as well as their own participation and responsibility. Fourteen mothers, who expressed a wish to breastfeed and who asked for help during their stay in the maternity ward, were video-taped during individual consultations with a midwife. Three months later each mother was interviewed about her experiences and feelings as regards the consultations. The outcomes were analysed according to a hermeneutical approach, from an interactionist perspective and, in addition, using crisis theory as a theoretical basis. This thesis illuminates the interactionist perspective on three different system levels: the norms in society in relation to the mother’s expectations about breastfeeding, the mother’s intra-psychological process and the consultative meeting. The results demonstrate that the women had thought of breastfeeding as a ‘door opener’ into the new role of motherhood. When the mother instead encountered a breastfeeding situation that did not meet with her expectations, there were two things that stood out very clearly; i.e., a feeling of inadequacy, and a constant internal as well as external questioning of herself. The fact that breastfeeding did not turn out as expected could also trigger a crisis reaction. It was important that the mother had a feeling that the midwife understood her, so what she was talking about became meaningful. This in turn could lead to a shift in attitude so that the mother changed from a closed position to an open and, thus, could begin to look forward. If breastfeeding did not turn out the way the mother had hoped her self-image was influenced and ‘coming into existence” as a mother was more difficult. To be involved and responsible had different meanings depending on where the mother was in the process, which meant that the mothers wanted different kinds of support on the way. One condition for making this possible was the consultative meeting in a manner of reciprocity.
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