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| 2. |
- van Doorn, Jan, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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An acoustic investigation of the Swedish child’s acquisition of obstruent place of articulation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acoustics'08 Paris : June 29 - July 4, 2008. - Paris : Société Française d'Acoustique (SFA). - 9782952110549 ; , s. 681-686
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Speech produced by children in the initial stages of development does generally not uphold as many phonetic distinctions as speech sounds produced by adults. A child's productions of different target words may therefore have similar acoustic properties and result in homonyms being perceived by the adult observer. This study presents a longitudional investigation into the development of place of articulation from non‐distinctive to distinctive productions in word‐initial obstruents produced by 22 Swedish children (aged 18 ‐ 48 months). The data was collected through monthly recordings, approximatelly one year per child. The acoustic correlates analysed were spectral diffuseness, spectral skewness and spectral tilt for plosives and spectral skewness, spectral kurtosis, spectral variance and F2 onset frequency for fricatives. The results show a developmental trend in spectral skewness that is indicative of a increasing number of acquired phonetic contrasts. Spectral tilt change, F2 onset frequency, spectral mean and spectral variance provide evicence of within‐category refinement wich is argued to be caused primarilly by advancements in motor control.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Jablonowski, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative myocardial perfusion during stress using CMR is impaired in healthy Middle Eastern immigrants without CV risk factors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Middle Eastern immigrants constitute a growing proportion of the European population and compared to native Swedes are more insulin resistant, which can contribute to atherosclerosis. Quantitative first pass perfusion (qFPP) using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can detect early signs of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim was to study if myocardial perfusion differs between healthy male Middle Eastern immigrants and native male Swedes. Eighteen Iraqi- and twelve Swedish born controls, all males, never smokers with no CVD risk factors were included. Global myocardial perfusion at rest and stress was assessed using qFPP and by phase-contrast CMR imaging of coronary sinus flow. Quantitative first pass perfusion analysis (mean ± SD) demonstrated no difference at rest between Iraqi and Swedish males (0.8 ± 0.2 vs 1.0 ± 0.4 ml/min/g, P = 0.38) but lower perfusion during adenosine in Iraqi males (2.9 ± 0.7 vs 3.5 ± 0.7 ml/min/g, P = 0.02). Myocardial perfusion assessed by coronary sinus flow demonstrated similar results with no difference in resting perfusion between groups (0.7 ± 0.2 vs 0.8 ± 0.2 ml/min/g, P = 0.21) but a lower perfusion during adenosine in the Iraqi group (3.0 ± 0.2 vs 3.7 ± 0.6 ml/min/g, P = 0.01. Myocardial perfusion during adenosine stress was lower in healthy Iraqi immigrants compared to Swedish controls suggesting impaired microvascular function and risk of underestimating CVD risk in healthy individuals of Middle Eastern origin.
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| 5. |
- Tsanakas, Nikolaos, 1987-
(författare)
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Data-Driven Approaches for Traffic State and Emission Estimation
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Traffic congestion is one of the most severe problems in modern urban areas. Besides the amplified travel times, traffic congestion intensifies the amount of emitted pollutants impacting human health and the environment. By making the appropriate interventions in traffic, transportation planners can mitigate congestion and enhance the performance of a traffic system. One crucial step in traffic planning and management is the estimation of the current or historical traffic state of a network. The estimation of the traffic state variables (traffic flow, density and speed) reveals the problematic parts of a network, namely, the parts associated with severe congestion and high emission rates. Traffic-related observations and traffic models constitute two core elements of a traffic state estimation approach. While the available observation data explicitly or implicitly provide partial information on the traffic state, traffic models define the traffic behaviour and contribute to estimating the variables when they are not directly observable. The estimated traffic state variables form the input to the so-called emission models, which estimate the mass of the emitted pollutants.The type and availability level of the observation data play a key role in traffic state and emission estimation. Traditionally, the primary source of traffic-related field data are stationary detectors (loop detectors, radar sensors or cameras). Today, following the late advances in communication systems, a vast amount of traffic-related data from mobile sources (GPS or cellular networks) is available. Such high data availability may give transportation planners new insights into understanding traffic behaviour. Appropriate exploitation of data coming from mobile sources can improve the existing approaches for estimating the traffic state and emissions.The broad aim of this thesis is to enhance the quality of traffic state and emission estimation. A special focus is given to the development of methods for exploiting the growing availability of traffic-related field data. By combining traffic data and models, the thesis proposes data-driven approaches for traffic state and emission estimation.The first part of the thesis (Paper I and Paper II) focuses on improving the current approaches for network-wide emission estimation. Traditionally, network-wide emission estimations rely on a static traffic-modelling framework. In Paper I, we suggest an alternative emission estimation approach, which is based on a quasi-dynamic traffic model. To evaluate our approach, we perform field experiments on a 19 km long highway stretch in Stockholm. The results show that our method can improve the spatiotemporal distribution of the estimated emissions. In Paper II, the approach suggested in Paper I is applied to a more extensive network covering the city of Norrköping. The results indicate that our approach yields a realistic spatial layout of emissions.The second part of the thesis (Paper III and Paper IV) suggests novel data-driven approaches for estimating network-wide traffic flows and demand. More specifically, in Paper III, we develop a data-driven traffic-flow propagation approach by utilising traveltime observations. Our method is based on a piecewise linear approximation of the travel time function, which allows the use of an efficient event-based structure for propagating the traffic flow. We evaluate our approach through simulation-based experiments, and the results provide proof of the concept. In Paper IV, we exploit the approach suggested in Paper III to develop an efficient data-driven scheme for estimating the traffic demand. The results of the simulation-based experiments indicate that our approach might lead to more accurate estimations compared to other data-driven estimation approaches suggested in the literature.Finally, the last part of the thesis (Paper V) focuses on the estimation of fuel consumption and emissions at a vehicle level. In paper V, we propose a novel method for generating virtual vehicle trajectories by fusing data from different sources. Our approach provides a detailed description of vehicle kinematics, and thus, it permits the use of the underlying virtual vehicle trajectories to vehicle dynamics-sensitive applications, such as emission modelling. The results of our experiments show that the advanced modelling of vehicle kinematics can enhance the accuracy of the estimated emissions.
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| 6. |
- Son, AHK
(författare)
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The construction of the medical insurance system in the Republic of Korea, 1963-1989
- 1998
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Ingår i: SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WELFARE. - : BLACKWELL PUBL LTD. ; 7:1
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The task of bringing a whole population into medical insurance coverage is a challenging one for a country's health policy makers. The outcomes of health policy differ significantly from one country to another depending on each state's socio-economic and
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| 7. |
- Thompson, Anthony, et al.
(författare)
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Benefits of a Product Service System Approach for Long-life Products : The Case of Light Tubes
- 2010
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Ingår i: Industrial product-service systems (IPS²). - Linköping : Linköping University. - 9789173933810
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Products designed for long-life often have significant potential for better sustainability performance than standard products due to less material and energy usage for a given service provided, which usually also results in a lower total cost. These benefits are not always obvious or appealing to customers, who often focus on price. Long-life products are therefore at an inherent disadvantage: due to lower volume of sales that results from the products’ longer-life, the margins (price) often need to be higher. In this paper, we demonstrate that when the revenue base is shifted to be the service of light (instead of the sales of light tubes), there is an opportunity for a “win-win-win” for the light user, the long-life light provider and society. Through a product-service system approach, resulting in a well-communicated total offer, the full array of benefits becomes clearer to the customer, including that they avoid the high initial cost.
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| 8. |
- Ben Amara, Heithem, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Dissecting the sequential interaction between biodegradable magnesium implants and soft tissues in vivo
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials Science and Engineering Congress, Dredsen, Germany, 27-29 September 2022.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Magnesium-based biomaterials are developed with the intention to enable tissue regeneration while being degraded under physiological conditions and eventually eliminated from the body. Once in contact with tissues, the biodegradability and the biocompatibility of magnesium implants (Mg) are governed by the direct interactions with their immediate milieu. The precise mechanisms through which the soft tissue micro-environment shapes the behaviour of Mg and the host-response remain elusive. Here, it is demonstrated that Mg degradation modulates the initial acute immune response and the subsequent fibrous encapsulation upon subcutaneous implantation in rats monitored at 1-, 3-, 6-, 14- and 28-days following surgery. In comparison to titanium implants (Ti), the initial profuse release of Mg degradation products activates pro-inflammatory pathways through increased recruitment of inflammatory cells to the soft tissue/implant interface and upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes, in parallel with a superior neo-angiogenesis and vascularization at Mg. After 6d, a shift in Mg degradation kinetics dissipates the initial pro-inflammatory response and facilitates the assembly of a comparatively thinner fibrous tissue capsule than around Ti. The reduction in the fibrous encapsulation around the Mg implant aligns with a superior expression of anti-fibrotic marker FOXO-1 at the tissue interface with Mg versus Ti. Mg induce an initial potent yet transient inflammatory response, which is associated with less adverse fibrous encapsulation after tissue healing. Tailoring Mg with controlled initial degradation appears to be crucial to enabling a successful coupling between inflammation and tissue repair during the early host response to Mg.
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| 9. |
- Ben Amara, Heithem, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Immunomodulation by biodegradable Mg-implants promotes soft and hard tissues responses in vivo
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Society of Biomaterials conference, 21–24 March 2023, Røros, Norway.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Magnesium (Mg)-based degradable implants are an attractive treatment solution for musculoskeletal injuries, avoiding second-stage surgical removal. In multiple clinical applications, the implant is in contact with both the bone and the overlying soft tissue. Although Mg implants are often presented to hold anti-inflammatory properties, less attention has been paid to the sequential response to these implants including initial immune response and subsequent tissue repair. The present study investigated the molecular, cellular, and structural events taking place at the Mg implant interface to soft tissue and bone after in vivo implantation in dedicated experimental rat models. METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats received disc-shaped implants in the dorsum subcutis or screw-shaped implants in the proximal tibial metaphysis. Implants were manufactured from pure magnesium (99.99% - high purity; Mg) or from pure titanium (grade 4; Ti) as control. Animals were euthanized after 1, 3, 6, 14, and 28 day of soft tissue implantation, and after 3 and 28 days of bone implantation. Two types of samples were collected: 1-Implants with the adherent cells (n=7-8/group/time-point). These were allocated for cell counting and /or gene expression analyses of implant-adherent cells. 2-Peri-implant tissue with implants (n = 8/group/time-point). These enabled histological and histomorphometric analyses of the fibrous capsule organization around implants inserted in soft tissues and of osseointegration parameters at the bone-implant interface. Statistical comparisons between experimental groups were run using Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests (p<0.05). RESULTS: Cells adherent to the surface of the implants featured different gene regulation patterns between Mg and Ti groups (Fig. 1). Consistently in soft tissue and in bone, macrophage polarization markers indicated higher expression of proinflammatory macrophage gene inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNos) initially at Mg versus Ti (3 d in bone and 1-6 d in soft tissue). Afterward, gene expression of both macrophage subtypes markers (proinflammatory – iNos and prohealing – Mannose receptor c1; Mrc1) was comparable between implants, irrespective of their insertion site. Histomorphometry evidenced superior bone-implant contact (at 28 d in bone) and thinner fibrous capsule (at 6-28 d in soft tissue) for Mg versus Ti. CONCLUSIONS: In comparison to non-degradable Ti, both soft tissue and bone responses to biodegradable Mg featured an initial yet transient gene activation of the macrophage proinflammatory subtype. Such immunomodulation by Mg resulted in the reduction of fibrous encapsulation in soft tissue and in the promotion of bone formation at the bone-implant interface. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Mg implants were generously provided by Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany. This project is part of the European Training Network within the framework of Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action No 811226.
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| 10. |
- Douglas, A., et al.
(författare)
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Implementing the Japanese 5S practice
- 2000
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Ingår i: Productivity and Quality Management Frontiers IX. - : MCB University Press. ; , s. 279-234
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 11. |
- Khaslavskaya, Alena, 1992, et al.
(författare)
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Forwarders’ perceptions of the Silk Route: The case of Finland
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 7th Transport Research Arena TRA 2018, April 16-19, 2018, Vienna, Austria.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Silk Route is an emerging transportation initiative that aims to connect Europe and Asia by rail link–landbridge. This study investigates freight forwarders’ perceptions of potential benefits for Finland from developing Silk-Route-based transportation solutions. Ten semi-structured interviews with eight freight forwarding and carrier companies in Finland, Russia, Kazakhstan, and China were conducted. The study findings show that there is a demand to transport cargo via the landbridge between China and Europe. Block trains have been running from Germany and Finland to China, suggesting that there is a demand as well as a potential for developing this route. Despite the challenge of a relatively small economy, there is potential for Finland to benefit by its engagement in the Silk Route. A Scandinavian hub in Finland would ensure sufficient volumes to fill block trains, which is the only profitable option for long-distance railway transportation.
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| 12. |
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