| 1. |
- Hedegaard Sørensen, Claus, et al.
(författare)
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Governance and Citizen Participation in Shaping Futures of Smart Mobility
- 2020
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Ingår i: Shaping Smart Mobility Futures : Governance and Policy Instruments in times of Sustainability Transitions - Governance and Policy Instruments in times of Sustainability Transitions. - : Emerald Publishing Limited. - 9781839826504 - 9781839826511 ; , s. 205-219, s. 205-219
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Paulsson, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Preface
- 2020
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Ingår i: Shaping Smart Mobility Futures : Governance and Policy Instruments in times of Sustainability Transitions - Governance and Policy Instruments in times of Sustainability Transitions. - : Emerald Publishing Limited. - 9781839826504 - 9781839826511
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Wallsten, Anna, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Is Governing Capacity Undermined? Policy Instruments in Smart Mobility Futures
- 2020
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Ingår i: Shaping Smart Mobility Futures : Governance and Policy Instruments in times of Sustainability Transitions - Governance and Policy Instruments in times of Sustainability Transitions. - : Emerald Publishing Limited. - 9781839826504 - 9781839826511 ; , s. 153-168, s. 153-168
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this chapter is to analyse how the governing capacity of current policy instruments might be affected in futures of smart mobility. In order to explore this issue, the authors make use of the so-called NATO (nodality, authority, treasure, organisation) framework for analysing two contrasting scenarios. The analyses show that the overall governing capacity of many of the policy instruments is strengthened or maintained in both of the scenarios. However, the governing capacity of some policy instruments is reduced, and some seem to need calibration, not least because authorities’ access to and control over data are under question. Future governing capacity hinges on access to data, although all resources are, in one way or another, affected.
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| 5. |
- Als, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Hvordan får vi mere og bedre kollektiv trafik för pengene? : Bud på fremtidens organisering af den kollektive trafik i Greater Copenhagen
- 2017
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Region Hovedstaden har i sin regionale vækst- og udviklingsstrategi (ReVUS) sat nogle strategiske rammer for en grøn og innovativ metropol med høj vækst og livskvalitet. Et af de strategiske pejlemærker handler om ’Effektiv og bæredygtig mobilitet’.Hovedstadsområdet har i dag store trafikale udfordringer med kø på vejene samt trængsel i busser og tog. Udfordringerne vil kun vokse i de kommende år, hvor indbyg-gertallet forventes at stige med over 200.000. Der er behov for en sammenhængende planlægning, som kan medvirke til at reducere trængslen og dermed understøtte den økonomiske vækst og udvikling.Region Hovedstaden har taget initiativ til et arbejde, der skal skabe større sammenhæng i den kollektive trafik i den danske del af Greater Copenhagen. Hvis den kollektive trafik skal løfte en større del af trængselsudfordringen,skal der arbejdes på at udbygge kapaciteten, forbedre servicen og sikre en større sammenhæng på tværs af transportformerne. Køer på motorveje og trængsel i den kollektive transport er dyrt for samfundet.Til at understøtte arbejdet har Region Hovedstaden nedsat en ekspertgruppe, der med faglige briller kommer med sit bud på, hvilke udfordringer den kollektive trafik skal kunne imødekomme. Oplægget tager udgangspunkt i paraplyorganisationen Din Offentlige Transport (DOT), og hensigten er:at påpege styrker og svagheder i den nuværende organisationat komme med bud på, hvordan man inden for den nu-værende lovgivning kan imødegå nogle af den kollek-tive trafiks udfordringerat komme med bud på, hvordan man med en ændret lovgivning yderligere kan forbedre den kollektive trafiks sammenhæng og attraktivitetGruppen har ikke gennemført en ny, selvstændig analyse. Arbejdet bygger på eksisterende analyser og på den viden og erfaring, som gruppens medlemmer besidder.
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| 6. |
- Barfod, Michael Bruhn, et al.
(författare)
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Promoting sustainability through national transport planning
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research. - : EDITORIAL BOARD EJTIR. - 1567-7133 .- 1567-7141. ; 18:3, s. 250-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This following special issue of the European Journal of Transport Infrastructure Research (EJTIR) containing 4 scientific papers is the result of the work conducted under the research project 'National Transport Planning - Sustainability, Institutions and Tools' (SUSTAIN) (20122017) financed by the Danish Innovation Fund. SUSTAIN was coordinated by first the Department of Transport of the Technical University of Denmark (DTU Transport) and later as the result of a reorganisation of the transport research at DTU by the Department of Management Engineering (DTU Management Engineering). The project was carried out in cooperation with several Danish and international partners. In SUSTAIN the following definition of national sustainable transport planning (NSTP) was adopted: deliberate, knowledge-based, and strategic endeavours to integrate sustainability principles, criteria and goals in the development, management, regulation and assessment of nationally significant transport systems and services. This paper presents the research outcome by reviewing some of the major findings and seeing these collectively as a basis for promoting sustainability through the formulated research topic of NSTP. This basis includes defining criteria and indicators for use in NSTP combining evidence-based and performance oriented planning approaches. Furthermore, it contains a flexible evaluation framework that includes a decision support model that when informed by criteria and indicators can structure and assist an NSTP practice. This practice can support a planning process aiming at realising a sustainable transport development. Finally, the basis comprises a review of the complex political and administrative fabric in which NSTP is embedded, and thereby it can condition the ability to promote sustainability in practice.
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| 7. |
- Bergström, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Lost in Translation Forever : Implementation of sustainable mobility in an era of governance and New Public Management
- 2007
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Ingår i: 11th World Conference on Transport Research.. - Berkely : University of California.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper describes the development of implementation theory in an era of “governance” and new management ideas, often labeled New Public Management. The paper gives a presentation of some general concerns raised by the IMplementation Paths for ACTion towards sustainable mobility (IMPACT) program, that is how measures aiming at sustainable solutions could be implemented within the transport sector. Implementation is in focus but is dealt with from three different aspects in the initial stages of the program. First, and this is the main focus of this paper, the developments within implementation research are analyzed. What has happened since the early 1970’s in theory and practice that leads us to reconsider the ways we understand implementation in theory but also the advice we could offer to decision makers? Secondly, in another paper the special context of transport is discussed. What, if anything, is different about implementing policies etc in the transport sector? Lastly, the implications of implementation of sustainability as such are discussed in yet another paper. What special difficulties are involved if the “thing” to be implemented is such a notoriously vague concept?
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bergström, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Reinterpreting Implementation : Sustainable transport as a paradigmatic case
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings from TransportMistra's Final Scientific Conference. - : TransportMistra.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Implementation is a fairly old concept but as relevant as ever. We have witnessed a general change of the public sector in the direction of governance, networks, contracting out, Public-Private Partnerships etc. This brings to the fore the following question: What has happened since the early 1970’s in theory and practice that might lead us to reconsider the ways we understand implementation in theory but also the advice we could offer to decision makers? To narrow down this broad question we choose to focus on the transport sector and more specifically on sustainable transport. We argue that sustainable transport is a particularly good case to discuss possible changes in implementation patterns.
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| 10. |
- Curtis, Carey, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge for policy-making in times of uncertainty : the case of autonomous vehicle model results
- 2021
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Ingår i: Transport reviews. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0144-1647 .- 1464-5327. ; :4, s. 478-498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been a rapid rise in papers modelling the impacts of autonomous vehicles. Drawing on a review of this literature, we analyse and discuss the messages conveyed by these studies from a policy-making perspective. An overview of the studies is provided to highlight the different policy frames. We consider the roles that modelling knowledge should have in policy-making in the context of unstable and uncertain futures where novel transport modes bring into question the use of past knowledge and assumptions. We conclude that both limitations of, and assumptions in, models need to be made more explicit and accessible when used in policy-making.
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| 11. |
- Docherty, Iain, et al.
(författare)
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The case for ‘public’ transport in the age of automated mobility
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cities. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-2751 .- 1873-6084. ; 128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper highlights the extent to which a future mobility system dominated by Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) poses profound challenges to the ‘publicness’ of the transport and mobility systems of many cities. This is evident at different policy levels: the regulatory posture of governments, changing notions of the contributions of mobility to wider ‘public value’, and the underpinning shared experiences of urban life and citizenship or civitas. There is relatively little discussion of how widespread automation might reduce the ‘publicness’ of transport systems in terms of the range of mobility opportunities they offer, how changing patterns of mobility across neighbourhoods and social groups will contribute to urban restructuring, and the implications of this for public value and the character or civitas of cities. In particular, we note how the huge expansion in mobility choices made possible by CAVs might lead to circumstances in which the outcome of individuals exercising that choice is to change the nature of urban mobility profoundly. We identify a number of key challenges that policy makers will need to address in managing the introduction of CAVs in their cities, and how using the lens of ‘publicness’ might help them do so.
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| 12. |
- Fearnley, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Best practices and recommendations on policy packaging
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report, which is the final deliverable of the Optic project (Optimal Policies for Transport In Combination), summarises two years of collaborative research into the policy process of combining individual measures into policy packages.Six stages of the policy process are identified. This report gives practical and general advice for each of these stages:Define objectives and targetsCreate an inventory of measures, identify potential primary measures and detect causal relationshipsAssess policy packageModify packagePackage implementationEvaluate effects, introduce remedial actionsIn addition, this report explores in further detail indicators and tools for the assessment of policy packages; the management of barriers; and issues of transferability.
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| 13. |
- Givoni, Moshe, et al.
(författare)
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Inventory of measures, typology of non-intentional effects and a framework for policy packaging
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This document represents the conceptual foundations of the EU-FP7 OPTIC project. As such, it seeks to provide a range of theoretical resources with which to develop an informed and pragmatic understanding of the complex causal processes involved in contemporary transport policy-making at the European level. Specifically, this deliverable aims to further methodological advancement with respect to the identification, classification, ex-ante prevention and ex-post mitigation of policies' unintended effects, and the systematic manner in which individual policy measures may be combined so as to improve their effectiveness, acceptability and feasibility. Overall, we argue that policy packaging can offer a far greater potential for achieving policy targets and objectives than single policy measures deployed in isolation. Yet, a careful and relatively well designed process must be undertaken for such packages to be effective.
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| 14. |
- Gudmundsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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A covenant of halflings? : developing a roadmap for the european urban transport goal
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of WCTR SIG G3.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the 2011 Transport Policy White Paper, the European Commission introduced ten goals for a more competitive and resource efficient transport system. One of the goal concerns urban transport, with the dual targets: “To halve the use of ‘conventionally-fuelled’ cars in urban transport by 2030; and to phase them out by 2050; and “To achieve ‘essentially CO2- free city logistics’ in major urban centres by 2030.” This paper describes how the EU FP7 project TRANSFORUM conducted a stakeholder-driven process to produce a roadmap for the urban transport goal.A main conclusion was that the implementation of a roadmap for urban transport needs to adopt a broad and open approach, given the diversity among member states and cities across Europe. Also it was found that replacing conventional vehicles and fuels is an important but not sufficient strategy to reach the goal. A roadmap to reach towards the ‘halving’ goal would need to engage many cities in shared political commitments to generate a stronger momentum for change. The notion of a ‘Covenant of Halflings’ would be one way to express this need.
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| 15. |
- Gudmundsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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A roadmap for the EU White Paper goal on Urban Transport
- 2015
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Ingår i: Urban Transport XXI. - : WIT Press. - 9781845648985 ; , s. 53-64
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In its 2011 Transport Policy White Paper, the European Commission introduced ten targets to be met in order to reach a more competitive and resource efficient transport system. The following dual goal focused on urban transport and commuting: “To halve the use of ‘conventionally-fuelled’ cars in urban transport by 2030; and to phase them out by 2050; and to achieve “essentially CO2-free city logistics in major urban centres by 2030.” The question driving the research behind this paper is how to realise this dual urban transport goal for 2030, taking into consideration existing trends, available policy options, the diverse interests of stakeholders involved in urban mobility in Europe.The paper draws on data gathered in the EU FP7 TRANSFORuM project, including workshop dialogues with stakeholders representing different interests in and perspectives on urban transport and mobility. The main result is a roadmap that proposes a broad strategy to answer the question “Who has to do what, by when” to achieve the urban transport goal. The roadmap includes detailed proposals for action and milestones at different levels of decision making. This paper will describe the process of consultations and the outcomes of the roadmap process and will also discuss the perspectives for implementation.
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| 16. |
- Gudmundsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Non-intentional effects of transport policies
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Transport Conference, October 11-13, 2010, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A wide variety of policy measures and interventions can be applied in order to promote efficient, accessible and sustainable transport systems. However it is widely recognized that transport systems are complex and their performance depends on multiple factors. It is therefore a significant challenge to ensure that policies actually lead towards their intended objectives, and to avoid unanticipated negative side-effects within and beyond the transport sector. One way to approach this challenge is to adopt integrated policy packages where measures supplement each other and compensate for expected negative effects of individual measures. A key element in a systematic approach for policy packaging must be to enable the identification in advance of non-intentional effects of individual or joint policy measures. This paper develops a typology of non-intentional effects of transport policy measures as part of a methodology for policy packaging in the OPTIC research project. The paper first establishes the need to address systematically unintended effects and then proceeds to unfold the dimensions of the typology with concrete examples along the way. Ways to use the typology is discussed in the final section of the paper.
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| 17. |
- Gudmundsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Some use - Little influence? : On the roles of indicators in European sustainable transport policy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ecological Indicators. - : Elsevier. - 1470-160X .- 1872-7034. ; 35, s. 43-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper focuses on the use and influence of indicators in European sustainable transport policy from a ‘knowledge utilization’ research point of view. The starting point is the contrast between the widely held idea that indicators are important tools for sustainable transport policy making, versus ‘knowledge utilization’ oriented research, which has often demonstrated that formal technical knowledge is used much less, or at least differently, than expected in policy and decision making.The paper looks at two cases of indicators applied for strategic policy making within the sustainable transport agenda. The first case concerns indicators tracking the fulfillment of national transport policy objectives in Sweden. The case explores the use and influence of an annual monitoring and evaluation report produced for this purpose, within a general ‘Management-by-Objectives’ regime. The second case deals with indicators applied for the Mid-Term Review of the European Commission's transport policy White Paper ‘Time to Decide’ (issued in 2001). The focus in this case is on a particular indicator based study conducted in 2005 by a group of consultants in close collaboration with European Commission staff.It is found that several indicators in both cases are actually used in policy processes, with evidence of use found in documents as well as interviews. However, ‘use’ does not automatically mean ‘influence’ on policies or processes in more than a superficial manner. Indicators seem to play a very limited direct instrumental role, while some signs of symbolic, conceptual and process roles are found. In the EU case we identify what is called a rationalization role of indicators, meaning that indicators inform and help to rationalize a change in the position towards key objectives. Several factors that characterize the indicators, the users, and policy context are found to contribute to understand the type of use and influence observed in both cases.
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| 18. |
- Gudmundsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Strategisk transportplanlægning : gør vi bæredygtige fremskridt?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Trafik & Veje. - 1903-7384. ; :8, s. 20-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- SUSTAIN projektet har fokus på strategisk national transportplanlægning i et bæredygtighedsperspektiv. Vi arbejder med operationalisering af bæredygtighedsbegrebet, opstilling af værktøjer til at analysere transportpolitiske projekter og strategier, samt analyser af den faktiske transportpolitik. I artiklen beskrives et par af de emner vi i øjeblikket arbejder med i projektet, nemlig indikatorer og beslutningsstøtte. Vi kommenterer også kort på Transportministeriets ”strategiske analyser”, som bidrager med spændende resultater, men ikke rigtig besvarer om der opnås bæredygtige fremskridt. Projektet løber til 2016.
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| 19. |
- Gudmundsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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The role of indicators in European Sustainable Transport Policy
- 2010
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Ingår i: POINT. Policy Influence of Indicators : THEME SSH-2007-6.1.1. "Current Use of and Emerging Needs for Indicators in Policy". - : Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, DTU.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 20. |
- Gudmundsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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The Use and Influence of Indicators in European Sustainable Transport Policy
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The paper focuses on the use and influence of indicators in European sustainable transport policy from a knowledge utilization research point of view, using a qualitative approach. The starting point is the contrast between a general proposition that indicators are important tools for sustainable transport policy making, and utilization oriented research literature, which has often demonstrated that formal technical knowledge is used much less, or at least differently, than expected in policy and decision making.The paper looks at two cases of indicators applied for strategic policy making within the sustainable transport agenda. The first case concerns indicators tracking the fulfillment of national transport policy objectives in Sweden. The case explores the use and influence of an annual monitoring and evaluation report produced for this purpose. The second case deals with indicators applied for the Mid-Term Review of the European Commission.s transport policy White Paper „Time to Decide. We focus on use and influence of the indicator based study ASSESS conducted in 2005.It is found that several indicators are in fact used in policy processes, as evidenced in policy documents as well as through interviews. However, use does not automatically mean influence on policies or processes in more than the most superficial manner. Indicators seem to play an – at most - limited instrumental role in the studied policy cases while some signs of symbolic, conceptual and process roles are found. In the EU case some evidence of what we call a rationalization role of indicators is found, meaning that indicators inform and help to rationalize a change in the European Commissions position towards key objectives, and gain influence in this way. Factors that characterize the indicators, the users, the policy setting and the economic and political background may all contribute to explaining the type of use and influence observed in both cases.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Hansson, Lisa, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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What is public participation in transport in times of change?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Public Participation in Transport in Times of Change. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 9781804550380 - 9781804550373 ; , s. 3-14
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A general global wave of public participation is occurring. Students and researchers as well as civil servants, policy-makers, and NGO representatives are encouraged to study, propose, and engage in public participation. New innovative forms of participation are suggested, and experiments in participation are ongoing locally and nationally. Within the transport sector, most studies of participation focus on road infrastructure and other land use changes. However, for other areas within transport, studies are limited and fragmented. Based on this, we see a need for a volume on public participation in transport, aimed at practitioners, students, and researchers, in what are unarguably times of change. The overall aim of the volume is to provide examples of different forms of public participation in transport, which can work as a setting for further analyses and discussions of public participation in transport. Drawing on different cases, eight empirical chapters are presented covering three main themes: grass-roots participation initiatives, participation in unconventional areas, and public participation that throws up unexpected results. In this introductory chapter, we set the scene for later discussions and analyses of public participation in transport. This chapter also provides an overview of the structure and content of the volume.
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| 23. |
- Hedegaard Sørensen, Claus
(författare)
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A typology of inter-organisational coordination in public transport : The case of timetable planning in Denmark
- 2018
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Ingår i: Research in Transportation Economics. - : JAI Press Ltd. - 0739-8859 .- 1875-7979.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- State, regional, and municipal authorities, public transport authorities, and traffic operators at many levels are essential actors in public transport. This paper presents a typology of four coordination mechanisms relevant to interactions among public transport actors. These four mechanisms, i.e. ownership/instruction, contracts, partnerships, and mutual understanding, are all based on basic coordination mechanisms of markets, hierarchies, and networks. A case of timetable planning is examined, because inter-organisational coordination between actors is crucial in this field, and the usefulness of the typology is illustrated via three examples. The results stem from a Danish study of institutional constraints on timetable optimisation in inter-organisational relations. The empirical focus is eastern Denmark, including Greater Copenhagen.
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| 24. |
- Hedegaard Sørensen, Claus, et al.
(författare)
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Bus transport in Greater Manchester
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the past 15 – 20 years large parts of the public sector in the OECD countries but also outside the OECD have experienced so-called New Public Management (NPM) reforms. Not least the transport sector, and in particular public transport have been objects of these reforms. Important elements have been: Division of previously horizontal integrated organisations, corporatisation, privatisation, public-private partnerships, tendering and management by goals and results. The main purpose of the NPM reforms has been to increase the efficiency, effectiveness and accountability of public management. But taking a broader view on public transport policy, these are not the only things that matter. In our present work we are looking into the consequences of the NPM reforms in public transport for the realisation of Sustainable Transport objectives.Our basic assumption is that ‘organisation matters’ and that the reforms may have changed significantly the institutional conditions for the implementation of sustainable transport policies and easures. We have focused the research on public transport in larger cities and how their organisation has changed due to the reforms. We will address two different components of the NPM inspired transport reforms in the UK. The first component regards the organisation of public bus transport at the local level. This involves the deregulation and privatisation reforms introduced by the Conservative Government from 1986 onwards, as well as the ‘partnerships’ and other new instruments introduced by the Labour Government in the Transport Act 2000, with the aim to modify some extreme effects of the initial deregulations. The second component includes reforms of how central government governs transport performance at the local level more generally through systems of Management by Objectives, performance control and economic incentives. Key elements here are national policies such as the ’10 year Plan for Transport’ with associated targets, and the ‘Local Transport Plan’ regime with annual funding settlements, etc.The objective of the work carried out is to analyse which conditions the reforms create for attracting travellers from cars and for greening the bus fleets and fuels. Methodology and work carried out The empirical material includes literature on the bus industry, NPM reforms, and governance structures at the local level in the United Kingdom, as well as policy documents and reports on these topics. Moreover, 13 qualitative research interviews have been carried out in autumn 2007. The interviews involved management and staff at the Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Executive, GMPTE (eight persons); Greater Manchester Passenger Transport Authority, GMPTA (one officer, one politician); as well as operators and an association of operators (three persons).
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| 25. |
- Hedegaard Sørensen, Claus, et al.
(författare)
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Bustrafik, bæredygtig transport og New public Mangement
- 2008
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Ingår i: Dansk Vejtidsskrift. - 0011-6548. ; :10, s. 26-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bæredygtig transport handler blandt andet om at fremme bustrafikken som alternativ til bilen og at gøre busserne mere miljøvenlige. I både Manchester og Stockholm har New Public Management reformer ændret organiseringen af bussektoren. Reformerne skaber vidt forskellige vilkår for bæredygtig transport.
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| 26. |
- Hedegaard Sørensen, Claus, et al.
(författare)
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Contextualizing Policy : Understanding Implementation under Socio-technical Transitions
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Public Administration. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0190-0692 .- 1532-4265. ; 43:12, s. 1055-1067
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over the past 40 years, implementation of public policy has been developed into a mature but heterogenous field of research. Despite much attention paid to the context in which implementation occurs, studies thus far has only to a limited extent been concerned with how major socio-technological transitions affect the conditions for implementing policy. As societies experience major socio-technological transitions that radically change our ways of living and working, these changes also affect the implementation process. But how? This paper explores how theories of socio-technological changes can be drawn upon to add layers of explanations to a canonized model of integrated implementation. Recent technological developments in the transport sector are applied to this discussion to illustrate the usefulness of the suggested layered approach. The paper concludes by suggesting how the integrated implementation model and implementation theory can be combined.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Hedegaard Sørensen, Claus, et al.
(författare)
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Coronakrisen : lärdomar för omställning till hållbara transporter
- 2021
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Ingår i: Omstart för kollektivtrafiken. - Lund : K2.
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- På kort tid har svenska politiker och myndigheter, mot bakgrund av coronakrisen, tagit initiativ som har medfört stora förändringar av medborgarnas mobilitet. Dessa förändringar har i vissa fall varit gynnsamma för hållbara transporter, och i andra fall gått i motsatt riktning. Oavsett förändringarnas konkreta konsekvenser tydliggör coronakrisens hantering att befolkningens resvanor inte är så låsta som ofta antas i policy och planering. Mobilitetsmönster kan änd-ras. Händelserna visar också att om situationen anses kräva det, så finns det både vilja, mod och medel att drastiskt ingripa i medbor-garnas mobilitet.Även om coronakrisen på flera sätt är unik, så finns det lärdomar att dra för frågan om transportsystemets hållbarhetsomställning. Det har flera gånger sagts att coronakrisen innebär ett ”möjlighets-fönster” för förändring. Förändringen kan dock gå i olika riktningar, med både positiva och negativa konsekvenser för hållbar utveckling. Vilken riktning det blir avgörs av de aktörer som tar en aktiv roll för att påverka utvecklingen.
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| 29. |
- Hedegaard Sørensen, Claus, et al.
(författare)
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Dansk hastighedspolitik : fire case-studier om konsensus og viden i politiske beslutningsprocesser
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vi vil besvare to spørgsmål. Det første spørgsmål er hvorvidt der hersker konsensus blandt de politiske partier om forskellige aspekter af dansk hastighedspolitik. Hastighedspolitikkens tilknytning til et alment udbred tønske om bedre trafiksikkerhed kunne på den ene side indikere, at hastighedspolitik var et område præget af konsensus. Omvendt kunne uenigheder på området tænkes at dominere, fordi restriktioner på individers adfærd varierer stærkt mellem de forskellige politiske ideologier. Det andet spørgsmål er hvilken rolle viden om sammenhængen mellem hastighed og trafiksikkerhed spiller i nationale politiske processer om hastighedspolitik. Spørgsmålet om videns rolle i politiske beslutninger er særligt interessant i en tid, hvor såkaldt evidensbaseret politik efterlyses.
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| 30. |
- Hedegaard Sørensen, Claus
(författare)
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De puniske krige
- 2012
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Ingår i: 40 år for grøn velfærd. - : Miljøministeriet. ; , s. 30-31
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Da Miljøministeriet blev født i 1971, delte det minister med Ministeriet for Offentlige arbejder – senere Trafikministeriet (og i dag Transportministeriet). To år senere fik de to ministeriet hver deres øverste politiske chef – og helt fra de tidlige år har samspillet mellem de to ministerier med mange fælles dagsordner i perioder været særdeles konfliktfyldt. Seniorforsker Claus Hedegaard Sørensen fra DTU giver her – på baggrund af interviews med nøglemedarbejdere i begge ministerier – sin version af et knudret samarbejde.
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| 31. |
- Hedegaard Sørensen, Claus
(författare)
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Den kommunale støjpolitiks anatomi
- 2007
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Ingår i: Dansk Vejtidsskrift. - 0011-6548. ; 84:5, s. 36-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Vejtrafikstøj er et stort problem i de nordiske lande, og det er vanskeligt at nå nationale mål for støjbekæmpelse. En årsag er et begrænset kommunalt engagement. Generelt er arbejdet med støjbekæmpelse ved eksisterende boliger og veje ikke institutionaliseret, hverken i den kommunale organisation eller i omgivelserne. Med udgangspunkt i to cases peges i artiklen på vigtige betingelser, hvis tilstedeværelse vil bidrage til at nordiske kommuner gør en mere aktiv indsats for at reducere genen fra vejtrafikstøj.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Hedegaard Sørensen, Claus, et al.
(författare)
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Enighed om Danmarks hastighedspolitik?
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Transporthorisonter. - : Technical University of Denmark, Transport. - 9788773272497
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Er der partipolitisk konsensus i dansk hastighedspolitik? Dette spørgsmål er særdeles relevant, da fart som ulykkes- og skadesfaktor ifølge Færdselssikkerhedskommissionen er den største udfordring i dansk trafiksikkerhedsarbejde. EU-Kommissionen har tilsvarende peget på høj hastighed og hastighed, der ikke er afstemt efter forholdene, som en af de vigtigste årsager til ulykker. Vejhastighed og restriktioner kunne måske associeres med forskellige politiske ideologier, således at f.eks. en liberal politisk tilgang vil tendere mod ingen eller høje hastighedsgrænser på vejene og begrænset kontrol. Ved at interviewe en trafikpolitiker fra hvert af Folketingets partier afdækkes, i hvilket omfang hastighedspolitikken er præget af enighed eller uenighed mellem de politiske partier. Svaret spiller formentlig en væsentlig rolle for, hvordan de politiske processer forløber, og hvordan viden anvendes i politikdannelsen.
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| 35. |
- Hedegaard Sørensen, Claus
(författare)
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Environmental Policy Integration : Organisational Obstacles
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Transdisciplinary Environmental Studies. - : Roskilde Universitetsforlag. - 1602-2297. ; 2:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The focus of this article is on organisations, and the question it deals with is how the Danish Ministry of Transport has handled the requirement of integrating environmental concerns into its transport policy. Answering that question has necessitated a study focusing on organisational aspects of the ministry and its interaction with the Ministry of Environment. Neo-institutional theory is applied. Methodologically, historical analyses and case studies of concrete processes are carried through. The article concludes that several organisational barriers exist to integrating environmental concerns into transport policy. Hence, an understanding in the Ministry of Transport after which transport policy mainly deals with satisfying the demand for transport, sub-sectorizing of the ministry, and barriers found in the interplay between the Ministries of Transport and Environment. Organisational potentials are also found. The article shows that it is necessary to extend the debate about the integration principle, so that it also covers how sector ministries – which the integration principle makes into important actors – are enabled to contribute to changes in sector policies.
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| 36. |
- Hedegaard Sørensen, Claus
(författare)
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Fremtidens kollektive transport i Region Sjælland : Fase 3 - Handlingsplan
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Region Sjælland har iværksat et udredningsprojekt, som fokuserer på fremtidens kollektive transport i regionen. Projektet indeholder tre faser: kortlægning, scenarier og udarbejdelse af en handlingsplan. I første fase er udarbejdet et såkaldt ”mobilitetsatlas”, som illustrerer tilgængelighed og mobilitet med kollektiv transport i regionen. Mobilitetsatlasset peger på udfordringer og muligheder for fremtidens kollektive transport. For det første står den kollektive transport stærkt på især de lange pendlerrejser. For det andet udgør de unges transport til uddannelse en udfordring – særligt for erhvervsuddannelserne. For det tredje følges lavt bilejerskab og dårlig tilgængelighed til kollektiv transport ad i regionens tyndere befolkede områder, og endelig - for det fjerde - udgør eventuel realisering af et servicemål om maksimalt 30 minutters rejsetid til transportknudepunkter og større byer en udfordring i en række – især tyndt befolkede – områder (Moe-Tetraplan, 2016). I projektets anden fase har fokus været på at udarbejde tre scenarier for 2025, som sigtede mod at illustrere forskellige udviklingsretninger for regionens kollektive transport og effekterne på rejsetider, tilgængelighed og udgifter til kollektiv transport. Det ene scenarie tilstræbte høj mobilitet og havde til formål at optimere betjeningen med kollektiv transport. I det andet scenarie var sigtet at reducere udgifterne ved at bevare den kollektive transport, hvor den gavner de fleste og begrænse, hvor det generer de færreste. Endelig tilstræbte det tredje scenarie stor tilgængelighed til den kollektive transport ved at udnytte nye organisatoriske og teknologiske mobilitetsløsninger i samspil med den nuværende kollektive transport (Moe-Tetraplan, 2017). Der er i hele projektet anlagt en helhedsbetragtning på den kollektive transport, så både kommunalt og regionalt finansierede linjer indgår i overvejelserne.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Hedegaard Sørensen, Claus
(författare)
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How to encourage road noise abatement in Nordic municipalities
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Transdisciplinary Environmental Studies. - Roskilde : Department of People and Technology at Roskilde University. - 1602-2297. ; 7:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Road noise nuisance is a huge problem in the Nordic countries, and it seems difficult for Nordic countries to meet national targets for its reduction. One reason for this is the lack of municipal activities in the field. Th us the research question that this article seeks to answer in relation to already existing residential areas and roads is: which conditions in the municipal organisation and its institutional environment contribute to making municipalities provide and implement noise abatement measures? The assumption is that three factors influence how the municipalities prioritize among political issues: the municipal organisation itself, the local institutional environment (citizens, business and NGOs), and the state and trans-municipal networks. A study of the anatomy of municipal road noise abatement policy shows that conditions for implementing road noise abatement in existing residential areas are poor, though, possibly, the large municipalities represent an exception to this rule. In general, road traffic noise abatement does not seem to be institutionalised, whether it be in the municipal organisation or the institutional environment. Two case studies of municipalities involved in eff orts beyond the usual are chosen for further analysis, namely the construction of a noise barrier in the Danish municipality of Hørsholm, as well as noise abatement windows in the City of Stockholm. Inspired by the case studies I highlight some conditions which seem to be important for making municipalities actively provide and implement road noise abatement measures in situations of existent residential areas and roads. For the municipal organisation, regularly mapping the noise problem and making status reports of the achievements are very important. Civil servants should also use any opportunity to stress the noise problem. In the local institutional environment patient and persistent citizens are very important, and it is important that they behave in ways which the civil servants and the politicians respect. Legislation plays a significant role with respect to state and trans-municipal networks. Finally, the state’s financial support for municipalities which are abating noise is a significant condition, as are ambitious state objectives. From the case studies presented here it is possible to identify two types of strategies which can be pursued. The first is the citizen strategy, where citizens are the driving forces. A problem with this strategy might be some degree of inequality. The other strategy is the civil servant strategy, where civil servants are the driving force. A consequence of this strategy might be that it will mainly be citizens in larger cities that will benefit from noise abatement measures.
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| 39. |
- Hedegaard Sørensen, Claus
(författare)
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How to encourage traffic noise abatement in Nordic municipalities?
- 2007
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Road noise nuisance is a huge problem in the Nordic countries, and it seems difficult to meet national targets. One reason is lack of municipal activities in the field. A study of the anatomy of municipal noise abatement policy shows that road traffic noise abatement in general does not seem to be institutionalised, nor in the municipal organisation neither in the near surroundings, though possibly, the large municipalities represent an exception to this rule. Two case studies of municipalities carrying out extraordinary efforts point out important conditions for making municipalities actively provide for and implement road noise abatement measures in situations of existent residential areas and roads.
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| 40. |
- Hedegaard Sørensen, Claus
(författare)
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Hvad skal EU's forskningspenge bruges til?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Trafik & Veje. - 1903-7384. ; :8
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Et nyt EU-program for forskning og innovation er under vedtagelse og skal gælde for perioden 2014-2020. Under det danske formandskab blev Copenhagen Research Forum afholdt, som havde til formål at sikre forskernes kommentar til det nye forskningsprogram. Copenhagen Research Forum pegede på behovet for tværdisciplinær forskning, og transportforskerne, som deltog, lagde særlig vægt på en bedre balance mellem de teknologiske og samfundsvidenskabelige hovedområder i transportforskningen.
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| 41. |
- Hedegaard Sørensen, Claus
(författare)
-
Hvilken rolle spiller viden i dansk hastighedspolitik : et case-studie
- 2014
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Ingår i: Trafik & Veje. - 1903-7384. ; :8, s. 8-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- En ting er anvendelse viden – noget andet om viden også har indflydelse. En cirka 10 år gammel case om øgede hastighedsgrænser på danske motorveje anvendes som case. Viden om konsekvensen af at øge hastighedsgrænsen blev flittigt anvendt i embedsværket såvel som i den politiske debat. Den pågældende viden påvirkede også embedsværkets udformning af lovforslaget. Anderledes med politikerne, som i casen fastholdt deres positioner uanset den foreliggende viden. De brugte viden som et argument, men ikke til at afklare hvad der er rigtig og hvad der er forkert. Den samme viden spillede forskellige roller. Hvilken rolle viden spiller i politiske processer er komplekst, men kan bl.a. forklares med karakteristika ved den pågældende viden, ved brugerne og ved den kontekst, som viden indgår i.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Hedegaard Sørensen, Claus, et al.
(författare)
-
Hvordan styrke nordiske kommuners arbejde med vejtrafikstøj?
- 2007
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I de nordiske lande er ca. 5 millioner mennesker udsat for vejtrafikstøj. I Danmark, Sverige, Norge og Finland findes i varierende form nationale ambitioner om at reducere vejtrafikstøj ved eksisterende boliger. Trods de nationale ambitioner har der hidtil været store vanskeligheder med at realisere dem. Kommunernes prioriteringer er en funktion af tre forhold: Den kommunale organisation, kommunens nære omgivelser, samt staten og tværgående netværk. På baggrund af case-studier, teori og anden litteratur tegnes i rapporten tegnes i rapporten billedet af det vi kalder den kommunale støjpolitiske anatomi. Det generelle billede er, at kommunerne har gode grunde til ikke at beskæftige sig med vejtrafikstøj ved eksisterende boliger. To case-studier fra Hørsholm i Danmark og Stockholm i Sverige er imidlertid eksempler på kommuner som gør en ekstraordinær indsats. På den baggrund redegøres for en række forudsætninger, som er vigtige for at øge den kommunale indsats for reduktion af vejtrafikstøj ved eksisterende boliger.
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| 45. |
- Hedegaard Sørensen, Claus, et al.
(författare)
-
Increased coordination in public transport : which mechanisms are available?
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Transport Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-070X .- 1879-310X. ; 18:1, s. 117-125
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After several years of New Public Management reforms within public transport, coordination seems to receive increased attention. With examples of actual as well as suggested changes taken from Denmark, Sweden and the UK the aim of the article is to analyse and classify the mechanisms utilized and suggested to increase coordination between core stakeholders within passenger railway services and bus services. Four distinctive mechanisms of coordination are suggested, namely organisational coordination, contractual coordination, partnership coordination and discursive coordination. Each coordination mechanism has its strengths and failures. The article also debates to what extent the mechanisms conflict with three core characteristics of New Public Management: Unbundling of the public sector into corporatized units; more contract-based competitive provision; and greater emphasis on output controls.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Hedegaard Sørensen, Claus
(författare)
-
Kan Samferdselsdepartementet sikre miljøet?
- 2004
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Ingår i: Samferdsel. - 0332-8988. ; 44:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I mange ar har det vært god latin at de enkelte sektordepartement har et ansvar for å ivareta miljøhensyn innenfor sitt område. Dette er et resultat av Brundtlandkommisjonen, som med sin rapport i 1987 satte prinsippet om integrasjon av miljøhensyn i sektorpolitikken på dagsordenen. I Brundtlandrapporten presenteres dette prinsippet som et sentralt element i en strategi for bærekraftig utvikling.Spørsmålet er om et sektordepartement, som for eksempel Samferdselsdepartementet, er i stand til å ivareta miljøhensyn i sitt arbeid. Dette er et spørsmål som ikke diskuteres særlig ofte, verken av forskere eller politikere.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Hedegaard Sørensen, Claus, et al.
(författare)
-
Kollektivtrafikmyndigheter och smart mobilitet : nordiska erfarenheter och perspektiv på MaaS och autonoma bussar
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Automatisering, elektrifiering, integrerad mobilitet samt plattforms- och delningsekonomin diskuteras i allt större omfattning. Smart mobilitet är en samlingsterm för dessa olika fenomen och trender. Smart mobilitet anses kunna bidra till ett mer hållbart transportsystem, attraktiva städer och levande landsbygd, men kan också leda till ökad privatbilism, mer trängsel och en försämrad stadsmiljö. Forskning visar att en central förutsättning för att smart mobilitet ska kunna bidra till ett mer hållbart transportsystem är att andelen kollektivtrafik och delade mobilitetstjänster ökar. Nya aktörer har dykt upp på transportområdet och erbjuder olika typer av mobilitetstjänster. Frågan är hur befintliga kollektivtrafikmyndigheter strategiskt ska positionera sig i detta nya och snabbt föränderliga landskap. Vilken typ av ansvarsfördelning och vilken typ av samverkan kommer att krävas för att uppnå attraktiva och hållbara transporter i en framtid präglad av smart mobilitet? Det är bakgrunden till detta forskningsprojekt, som har finansierats av K2.I projektets har vi genomfört fallstudier från (främst) nordiska storstäder om det som betecknas kombinerad mobilitet eller Mobility as a Service (MaaS), samt pågående försök med autonoma bussar. Hanteringen av MaaS har studerats i storstadsregionerna Stockholm, Västra Götaland, Skåne, Oslo, Helsingfors, Köpenhamn. Utblickar har även gjorts till Birmingham och Amsterdam. När det gäller autonoma bussar har merparten av det empiriska arbetet genomförts i Barkarby i Järfälla kommun (Region Stockholm). Därtill har vi även genom en workshop inhämtat erfarenheter från Oslo och Själland (Danmark) samt från ett utredningsarbete i Sjöbo och Tomelilla kommuner (Skåne). Vidare har vi studerat uppfattningar om autonoma bussar bland representanter för svenska bussförare.Analyserna i projektet har lett fram till en tydlig bild av att den offentliga sektorns organisationer spelar en viktig roll i utvecklingen, förmedlingen och integreringen av smart mobilitet. I praktiken har vi sett att olika kollektivtrafikmyndigheter har tagit olika roller; medan vissa är mycket aktiva och engagerade, håller sig andra mer avvaktande och försiktiga.
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| 50. |
- Hedegaard Sørensen, Claus, et al.
(författare)
-
Kollektivtrafikmyndigheter och smart mobilitet: Nordiska erfarenheter och perspektiv på MaaS och autonoma bussar
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Automatisering, elektrifiering, integrerad mobilitet samt plattforms- och delnings- ekonomin diskuteras i allt större omfattning. Smart mobilitet är en samlingsterm för dessa olika fenomen och trender. Smart mobilitet anses kunna bidra till ett mer hållbart transportsystem, attraktiva städer och levande landsbygd, men kan också leda till ökad privatbilism, mer trängsel och en försämrad stadsmiljö. Forskning visar att en central förutsättning för att smart mobilitet ska kunna bidra till ett mer hållbart transportsystem är att andelen kollektivtrafik och delade mobilitetstjänster ökar. Nya aktörer har dykt upp på transportområdet och erbjuder olika typer av mobilitetstjänster. Frågan är hur befintliga kollektivtrafikmyndigheter strategiskt ska positionera sig i detta nya och snabbt föränderliga landskap. Vilken typ av ansvarsfördelning och vilken typ av samverkan kommer att krävas för att uppnå attraktiva och hållbara transporter i en framtid präglad av smart mobilitet? Det är bakgrunden till detta forskningsprojekt, som har finansierats av K2. I projektets har vi genomfört fallstudier från (främst) nordiska storstäder om det som betecknas kombinerad mobilitet eller Mobility as a Service (MaaS), samt pågående försök med autonoma bussar. Hanteringen av MaaS har studerats i storstadsregionerna Stockholm, Västra Götaland, Skåne, Oslo, Helsingfors, Köpenhamn. Utblickar har även gjorts till Birmingham och Amsterdam. När det gäller autonoma bussar har merparten av det empiriska arbetet genomförts i Barkarby i Järfälla kommun (Region Stockholm). Därtill har vi även genom en workshop inhämtat erfarenheter från Oslo och Själland (Danmark) samt från ett utredningsarbete i Sjöbo och Tomelilla kommuner (Skåne). Vidare har vi studerat uppfattningar om autonoma bussar bland representanter för svenska bussförare. Analyserna i projektet har lett fram till en tydlig bild av att den offentliga sektorns organisationer spelar en viktig roll i utvecklingen, förmedlingen och integreringen av smart mobilitet. I praktiken har vi sett att olika kollektivtrafikmyndigheter har tagit olika roller; medan vissa är mycket aktiva och engagerade, håller sig andra mer avvaktande och försiktiga. Rapportens analyser visar att de nordiska RKM-erna ofta har liknande mål med att införa MaaS och autonoma bussar, men att de har valt olika ansatser för att realisera dessa mål. I samtliga fall präglas arbetet av en önskan att skapa bättre mobilitet och fler möjligheter för medborgarnas resande, samt en ambition att bidra till en så kallad ”modal shift” till mer hållbart resande och därmed en hållbar utveckling. Under den tidsperiod som vi har arbetat med detta projekt har MaaS framstått som en ”större” fråga och mer uttalat utvecklingsområde för de nordiska RKM-erna än autonoma bussar. Men autonoma bussar ingår också i deras arbete, och hanteras ibland som en mer eller mindre integrerad del av arbetet med MaaS. Det avsätts sammantaget stora resurser till arbetet med både MaaS och autonoma bussar, men initiativ med MaaS kräver, under för övrigt lika förhållanden, ett större samordningsarbete än initiativ med autonoma bussar. Introduktion av smart mobilitet är inte en neutral fråga, utan tvärtom en fråga med ett utpräglat politiskt innehåll, eftersom den rör formandet av framtidens mobilitet, samt makt och fördelning av resurser i samhället. Regionala kollektivtrafikmyndigheter är i grunden politiskt styrda organisationer, men vi kan notera att frågan om smart mobilitet trots detta inte diskuteras som den politiskt laddade fråga den är. Det finns idag en tendens att reducera den till en fråga om renodlad teknikutveckling, och det finns i flera fall en benägenhet att lämna över viktiga strategiska och principiella vägval till marknadsaktörer. Detta är problematiskt. Vi efterlyser en bredare politisk diskussion om smart mobilitet. Vi menar också att regionala kollektivtrafikmyndigheter skulle behöva komplettera sin verksamhet med nya kompetenser. Det är bland annat nödvändigt för samarbetet med nya aktörer och för att kunna ställa krav på nya leverantörer av mobilitetstjänster. Det är viktigt att RKM och andra politiska institutioner tar ställning till syftet med smart mobilitet som MaaS, autonoma bussar, privata självkörande bilar (delade eller ej), elsparkcyklar m.m. Om man inte kan precisera syftet med smart mobilitet är det kanske inte här man ska använda resurser. Bland de nordiska RKM-erna finns många olika strategier för hur myndigheterna förhåller sig till MaaS, och det är för närvarande inte möjligt att säga vilken strategi som är den mest förnuftiga. En medvetet återhållsam strategi kan om några år visa sig bättre än en mer aktiv strategi. Det motsatta är dock naturligtvis också möjligt.
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