| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Butylina, Svetlana, et al.
(författare)
-
Weathering of wood-polypropylene composites containing pigments
- 2012
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Wood and Wood Products. - : Springer. - 0018-3768 .- 1436-736X. ; 70:5, s. 719-726
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Outdoor applications of composites have raised questions about their durability. In this study, the effects of outdoor weathering on the properties of wood-polypropylene composites with and without pigments were examined. The composites were placed outdoors for one year, and their colour changes were evaluated after 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of weathering. The durability of the composites was assessed by testing flexural strength and density. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to evaluate the surface degradation of the composites. The weathering resulted in considerable colour fading of the composites. The composites containing darker colour pigments had better colour stability. After weathering, the general trend was a decrease of the flexural strength and density of the composites. The decrease in flexural strength was found to be lower for the composites having higher density.
|
|
| 5. |
- Hyvärinen, Marko, et al.
(författare)
-
Ultraviolet light protection of wood-plastic composites a review of the current situation
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Advanced Science Letters. - : American Scientific Publishers. - 1936-6612 .- 1936-7317. ; , s. 320-324
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood-plastic composites (WPCs) have several exterior applications where they are easily exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The paper presents the current situation in a field of UV protection of WPCs, including the most commonly used protective agents and methods, such as UV absorbers and hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS). Surface dressing methods, such as painting, coating and film coating are not included. The focus of the paper is on the ways of how to integrate UV protection comprehensively over the material. The work is a literature review and practical experiments are not included.
|
|
| 6. |
- Hällfors, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Translocation of an arctic seashore plant reveals signs of maladaptation to altered climatic conditions
- 2020
-
Ingår i: PeerJ. - London : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ongoing anthropogenic climate change alters the local climatic conditions to which species may be adapted. Information on species’ climatic requirements and their intraspecific variation is necessary for predicting the effects of climate change on biodiversity. We used a climatic gradient to test whether populations of two allopatric varieties of an arctic seashore herb (Primula nutans ssp. finmarchica) show adaptation to their local climates and how a future warmer climate may affect them. Our experimental set-up combined a reciprocal translocation within the distribution range of the species with an experiment testing the performance of the sampled populations in warmer climatic conditions south of their range. We monitored survival, size, and flowering over four growing seasons as measures of performance and, thus, proxies of fitness. We found that both varieties performed better in experimental gardens towards the north. Interestingly, highest up in the north, the southern variety outperformed the northern one. Supported by weather data, this suggests that the climatic optima of both varieties have moved at least partly outside their current range. Further warming would make the current environments of both varieties even less suitable. We conclude that Primula nutans ssp. finmarchica is already suffering from adaptational lag due to climate change, and that further warming may increase this maladaptation, especially for the northern variety. The study also highlights that it is not sufficient to run only reciprocal translocation experiments. Climate change is already shifting the optimum conditions for many species and adaptation needs also to be tested outside the current range of the focal taxon in order to include both historic conditions and future conditions. ©2020 Hällfors et al.
|
|
| 7. |
- Palmé, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Nordic Crop Wild Relative conservation : A report from two collaborative projects 2015–2019
- 2019
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The report summarizes results from a cooperation among all the Nordic countries during the period 2015 – 2019 (two projects). The work has focused on the conservation of Crop Wild Relatives (CWR), i.e. wild plant species closely related to crops. They are of special importance to humanity since traits of potential value for food security and climate change adaptation can be transferred from CWR into crops. The projects represent the first joint action on the Nordic level regarding in situ conservation of CWR. Substantial progress has been made regarding CWR conservation planning, including development of a Nordic CWR checklist and identification of suitable sites for CWR conservation. A set of recommended future actions was developed, with the most important one being initiation of active in situ conservation of CWR in all Nordic countries.
|
|
| 8. |
- Sloot, Frea, et al.
(författare)
-
Inventory of current EU paediatric vision and hearing screening programmes
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Medical Screening. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-1413 .- 1475-5793. ; 22:2, s. 55-64
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine the diversity in paediatric vision and hearing screening programmes in Europe. Methods: Themes for comparison of screening programmes derived from literature were used to compile three questionnaires on vision, hearing, and public health screening. Tests used, professions involved, age, and frequency of testing seem to influence sensitivity, specificity, and costs most. Questionnaires were sent to ophthalmologists, orthoptists, otolaryngologists, and audiologists involved in paediatric screening in all EU full-member, candidate, and associate states. Answers were cross-checked. Results: Thirty-nine countries participated; 35 have a vision screening programme, 33 a nation-wide neonatal hearing screening programme. Visual acuity (VA) is measured in 35 countries, in 71% of these more than once. First measurement of VA varies from three to seven years of age, but is usually before age five. At age three and four, picture charts, including Lea Hyvarinen, are used most; in children over four, Tumbling-E and Snellen. As first hearing screening test, otoacoustic emission is used most in healthy neonates, and auditory brainstem response in premature newborns. The majority of hearing testing programmes are staged; children are referred after 1–4 abnormal tests. Vision screening is performed mostly by paediatricians, ophthalmologists, or nurses. Funding is mostly by health insurance or state. Coverage was reported as >95% in half of countries, but reporting was often not first-hand. Conclusion: Largest differences were found in VA charts used (12), professions involved in vision screening (10), number of hearing screening tests before referral (1–4), and funding sources (8).
|
|
