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1.	Abarkan, Abdellah, et al. (författare) Lyssna på forskningen : Den visar på avregleringens problem 2019 Ingår i: Dagens nyheter. - Stockholm : Dagens nyheter. - 1101-2447. ; :10/21/2019 Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
2.	Al-Delaimy, WK, et al. (författare) Plasma carotenoids as biomarkers of intake of fruits and vegetables: ecological-level correlations in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) 2005 Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5640 .- 0954-3007. ; 59:12, s. 1397-1408 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the ability of a single 24-h dietary recall (24HDR) and food questionnaires (FQ) to predict plasma carotenoid levels at the ecological level by assessing the relationship between mean plasma carotenoid levels and mean intake of fruit and vegetables measured by 24HDR and FQ across 16 European regions. Design: A random subsample of 3089 subjects was included, stratified by age and gender. They provided blood samples and dietary information between 1992 and 2000 as part of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Results: Using Spearman's correlation coefficients, the correlations between mean regional 24HDR fruit and vegetable variables and corresponding mean plasma carotenoid levels were generally higher than the correlations using FQ means. The highest correlation was between the 24HDR citrus fruit variable and beta-cryptoxanthin (r = 0.90). For 24HDR, total fruits and vegetables were highly correlated with lutein, zeaxanthin, and beta-cryptoxanthin (r = 0.83-0.87), while vegetables were more closely related with lutein (r = 0.69) and zeaxanthin (r = 0.68), and fruits correlated with zeaxanthin (r = 0.87) and beta-cryptoxanthin (r = 0.84). Root vegetables (r = 0.81) and total carrots (r = 0.71) were well correlated with alpha-carotene. In the multivariate models adjusting for age, body mass index, and season, and using observations of means stratified by sex and region, the association was generally higher for 24HDR compared to FQ. Conclusion: Mean regional intakes of fruits and vegetables in several European countries were closely correlated with corresponding mean plasma levels of individual carotenoids. Fruits and vegetables measured by 24HDR were generally better able to predict plasma carotenoids at the ecological level.
3.	Carreras-Torres, Robert, et al. (författare) Obesity, metabolic factors and risk of different histological types of lung cancer : a Mendelian randomization study 2017 Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public library science. - 1932-6203. ; 12:6 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Assessing the relationship between lung cancer and metabolic conditions is challenging because of the confounding effect of tobacco. Mendelian randomization (MR), or the use of genetic instrumental variables to assess causality, may help to identify the metabolic drivers of lung cancer. Methods and findings: We identified genetic instruments for potential metabolic risk factors and evaluated these in relation to risk using 29,266 lung cancer cases (including 11,273 adenocarcinomas, 7,426 squamous cell and 2,664 small cell cases) and 56,450 controls. The MR risk analysis suggested a causal effect of body mass index (BMI) on lung cancer risk for two of the three major histological subtypes, with evidence of a risk increase for squamous cell carcinoma (odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 1.20 [1.01-1.43] and for small cell lung cancer (OR [95% CI] = 1.52 [1.15-2.00]) for each standard deviation (SD) increase in BMI [4.6 kg/m(2)]), but not for adenocarcinoma (OR [95% CI] = 0.93 [0.79-1.08]) (P-heterogeneity = 4.3x10(-3)). Additional analysis using a genetic instrument for BMI showed that each SD increase in BMI increased cigarette consumption by 1.27 cigarettes per day (P = 2.1x10(-3)), providing novel evidence that a genetic susceptibility to obesity influences smoking patterns. There was also evidence that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was inversely associated with lung cancer overall risk (OR [95% CI] = 0.90 [0.84-0.97] per SD of 38 mg/dl), while fasting insulin was positively associated (OR [95% CI] = 1.63 [1.25-2.13] per SD of 44.4 pmol/l). Sensitivity analyses including a weighted-median approach and MR-Egger test did not detect other pleiotropic effects biasing the main results. Conclusions: Our results are consistent with a causal role of fasting insulin and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in lung cancer etiology, as well as for BMI in squamous cell and small cell carcinoma. The latter relation may be mediated by a previously unrecognized effect of obesity on smoking behavior.
4.	Ji, Xuemei, et al. (författare) Identification of susceptibility pathways for the role of chromosome 15q25.1 in modifying lung cancer risk 2018 Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2041-1723. ; 9, s. 1-15 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified the chromosome 15q25.1 locus as a leading susceptibility region for lung cancer. However, the pathogenic pathways, through which susceptibility SNPs within chromosome 15q25.1 affects lung cancer risk, have not been explored. We analyzed three cohorts with GWAS data consisting 42,901 individuals and lung expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data on 409 individuals to identify and validate the underlying pathways and to investigate the combined effect of genes from the identified susceptibility pathways. The KEGG neuroactive ligand receptor interaction pathway, two Reactome pathways, and 22 Gene Ontology terms were identified and replicated to be significantly associated with lung cancer risk, with P values less than 0.05 and FDR less than 0.1. Functional annotation of eQTL analysis results showed that the neuroactive ligand receptor interaction pathway and gated channel activity were involved in lung cancer risk. These pathways provide important insights for the etiology of lung cancer.
5.	Johansson, Yvonne A., 1956- (författare) Delirium hos äldre patienter som vårdas på sjukhus : identifiering av symtom, tecken och riskfaktorer samt journalförda vårdåtgärder 2022 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract I samband med sjukhusvård kan äldre patienter riskera försämrad hälsa, inklusive delirium. Delirium, som är vanligt hos äldre patienter på sjukhus, är ett akut och allvarligt tillstånd med svåra konsekvenser för såväl patienten som för närstående, vårdpersonal och hälso- och sjukvård. Det är viktigt att delirium förebyggs, identifieras och behandlas. Forskning visar dock på brister i vården, vilket kan påverka patienternas hälsa och välbefinnande negativt. Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen var att identifiera och beskriva symtom, tecken, riskfaktorer och vårdåtgärder vid delirium hos äldre patienter som vårdas på sjukhus samt att utvärdera tillämpbarheten av ett bedömningsinstrument för att identifiera delirium. Alla deltagande patienter var 65 år och äldre och rekryterades från ett länssjukhus (I-IV) och ett universitetssjukhus (III, IV). Dessutom ingick de bedömare som bedömt delirium med bedömningsinstrumentet 4AT i delarbete IV. Delarbetena bestod av en kvantitativ subgruppsanalys (n=25) av en punktprevalensstudie (n=210), en retrospektiv journalgranskning (n=78) med kvalitativ analys och två tvärsnittsstudier baserade på samma urval (n=200) med kvantitativa (III, IV) och kvalitativa analyser (IV). Data samlades in genom strukturerade intervjuer, validerade instrument, patientjournaler, frågeformulär och en öppen intervjufråga.Patienterna rapporterade svåra och besvärande symtom vilka hade journalförts i begränsad omfattning (14%). Även kognitiv funktionsnedsättning och patienternas beskrivningar av sitt välbefinnande hade journalförts i liten utsträckning. Patienternas tecken på delirium ledde till nedsatt förmåga att såväl delta i sin egen vård som att undvika skada. Vårdpersonalen svarade delvis på patienternas tecken på delirium då åtgärderna kunde vara både anpassade, bristfälliga och utöver vanlig vård. Skörhet var den starkaste riskfaktorn för delirium. Andelen patienter med delirium ökade med svårighetsgraden av skörhet. Den svenska versionen av bedömningsinstrumentet 4AT för att identifiera delirium hade diagnostisk precision och klinisk användbarhet med hög interbedömarreliabilitet. Bedömningsinstrumentet 4AT tolererades väl av patienterna, var lätt att använda och tog några minuter att genomföra. Detta innebär att det nu finns ett enkelt bedömningsinstrument för delirium på svenska som kan användas för att bedöma delirium hos äldre patienter som vårdas på sjukhus.Endast en mindre del av den studerade vården kan ses som personcentrerad och patientsäker. Struktur, systematik och ett helhetsperspektiv tycktes saknas, liksom ett personcentrerat förhållnings- och arbetssätt. För att minska incidensen av delirium, lidande och kostnader behöver vården förbättras. Det finns behov av att öka kunskapen om delirium och att se delirium som en vårdskada inom all vård. Vidare finns behov av att utveckla vården genom att tydligt integrera ett personcentrerat och patientsäkert förhållnings- och arbetssätt för att nå en helhetssyn på patienten. Målet är att främja hälsa och välbefinnande genom att förebygga delirium. För att möjliggöra identifiering av individuella vårdbehov är det en förutsättning att etablera en tillitsfull vårdrelation med den äldre patienten, där patientens perspektiv tillvaratas. Individuella vårdbehov behöver identifieras strukturerat och systematiskt genom bedömning med bedömningsinstrument av symtom, tecken, välbefinnande, delirium och riskfaktorer för delirium innefattande skörhet samt kognitiv funktionsnedsättning. Detta möjliggör individuellt anpassade vårdåtgärder.Ett individuellt anpassat omhändertagande som överensstämmer med ett integrerat personcentrerat och patientsäkert förhållnings- och arbetssätt skulle kunna bidra till att minska incidensen av delirium vilket kan skapa positiva effekter för såväl patienter som för vårdpersonal och hälso- och sjukvård.
6.	McKay, James D., et al. (författare) Large-scale association analysis identifies new lung cancer susceptibility loci and heterogeneity in genetic susceptibility across histological subtypes 2017 Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 49:7, s. 1126-1132 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Although several lung cancer susceptibility loci have been identified, much of the heritability for lung cancer remains unexplained. Here 14,803 cases and 12,262 controls of European descent were genotyped on the OncoArray and combined with existing data for an aggregated genomewide association study (GWAS) analysis of lung cancer in 29,266 cases and 56,450 controls. We identified 18 susceptibility loci achieving genome-wide significance, including 10 new loci. The new loci highlight the striking heterogeneity in genetic susceptibility across the histological subtypes of lung cancer, with four loci associated with lung cancer overall and six loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma. Gene expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis in 1,425 normal lung tissue samples highlights RNASET2, SECISBP2L and NRG1 as candidate genes. Other loci include genes such as a cholinergic nicotinic receptor, CHRNA2, and the telomere-related genes OFBC1 and RTEL1. Further exploration of the target genes will continue to provide new insights into the etiology of lung cancer.
7.	Al-Delaimy, WK, et al. (författare) Plasma carotenoids as biomarkers of intake of fruits and vegetables: individual-level correlations in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) 2005 Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5640 .- 0954-3007. ; 59:12, s. 1387-1396 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: The aim in this study was to assess the association between individual plasma carotenoid levels (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin) and fruit and vegetable intakes recorded by a calibrated food questionnaire (FQ) and 24- h dietary recall records (24HDR) in nine different European countries with diverse populations and widely varying intakes of plant foods. Design: A stratified random subsample of 3089 men and women from nine countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), who had provided blood samples and dietary and other lifestyle information between 1992 and 2000, were included. Results: beta-Cryptoxanthin was most strongly correlated with total fruits (FQ r = 0.52, 24HDR r = 0.39), lycopene with tomato and tomato products (FQ r = 0.38, 24HDR r = 0.25), and alpha-carotene with intake of root vegetables (r = 0.39) and of total carrots (r = 0.38) for FQ only. Based on diet measured by FQ and adjusting for possible confounding by body mass index (BMI), age, gender, smoking status, alcohol intake, and energy intake, the strongest predictors of individual plasma carotenoid levels were fruits (R-partial(2) = 17.2%) for beta-cryptoxanthin, total carrots (R-partial(2) = 13.4%) and root vegetables (R-partial(2) = 13.3%) for alpha-carotene, and tomato products (R-partial(2) = 13.8%) for lycopene. For 24HDR, the highest R-partial(2) was for fruits in relation to beta-cryptoxanthin (7.9%). Conclusions: Intakes of specific fruits and vegetables as measured by food questionnaires are good predictors of certain individual plasma carotenoid levels in our multicentre European study. At individual subject levels, FQ measurements of fruits, root vegetables and carrots, and tomato products are, respectively, good predictors of beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha-carotene, and lycopene in plasma.
8.	Alm, Maria, et al. (författare) Komplicerad skolsituation - elever med utvecklingstörning och deras lärare 2001 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
9.	Altermark, Niklas, et al. (författare) Det handlar om att lära av historien. Ansvaret ligger inte hos polisen 2015 Ingår i: Sydsvenskan. - 1652-814X. Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
10.	Andersson, Irene, 1978, et al. (författare) Endothelial dysfunction in growth hormone transgenic mice 2006 Ingår i: Clinical Science. - 0143-5221 .- 1470-8736. ; 110:2, s. 217-25 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Acromegaly [overproduction of GH (growth hormone)] is associated with cardiovascular disease. Transgenic mice overexpressing bGH (bovine GH) develop hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia and could be a model for cardiovascular disease in acromegaly. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of excess GH on vascular function and to test whether oxidative stress affects endothelial function in bGH transgenic mice. We studied the ACh (acetylcholine)-induced relaxation response in aortic and carotid rings of young (9-11 weeks) and aged (22-24 weeks) female bGH transgenic mice and littermate control mice, without and with the addition of a free radical scavenger {MnTBAP [Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride]}. We also measured mRNA levels of eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) and EC-SOD (extracellular superoxide dismutase). Intracellular superoxide anion production in the vascular wall was estimated using a dihydroethidium probe. Carotid arteries from bGH transgenic mice had an impaired ACh-induced relaxation response (young, 46 +/- 7% compared with 69 +/- 8%; aged, 52 +/- 5% compared with 80 +/- 3%; P < 0.05), whereas endothelial function in aorta was intact in young but impaired in aged bGH transgenic mice. Endothelial dysfunction was corrected by addition of MnTBAP in carotid arteries from young mice and in aortas from aged mice; however, MnTBAP did not correct endothelial dysfunction in carotid arteries from aged bGH transgenic mice. There was no difference in intracellular superoxide anion production between bGH transgenic mice and control mice, whereas mRNA expression of EC-SOD and eNOS was increased in aortas from young bGH transgenic mice compared with control mice (P < 0.05). We interpret these data to suggest that bGH overexpression is associated with a time- and vessel-specific deterioration in endothelial function, initially caused by increased oxidative stress and later by other alterations in vascular function.
11.	Andersson, Irene, 1978, et al. (författare) Reduced sympathetic responsiveness as well as plasma and tissue noradrenaline concentration in growth hormone transgenic mice 2004 Ingår i: Acta Physiol Scand. - 0001-6772. ; 182:4, s. 369-78 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract AIMS: Acromegaly [overproduction of growth hormone (GH)] and GH deficiency have both been associated with alterations in autonomic nervous system function. The aim of this study was to investigate autonomic nervous system influence on heart rate (HR) in transgenic mice overexpressing bovine GH (bGH). METHODS: HR and HR variability (HRV) were measured in conscious young (8-13 weeks) and old (5-6 months) female bGH and control mice using telemetry. HR control was studied using antagonists and an agonist of adrenergic and muscarinic receptors. Noradrenaline was measured in plasma, heart and kidney using high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Average 24 h resting HR did not differ between bGH and control mice. After saline injection and after muscarinic blockade with methylscopolamine HR increase was blunted (in old) or absent (in young) bGH mice compared with control mice (P < 0.05). Phenylephrine caused a baroreflex mediated decrease in HR from around 550 to 300-350 beats min(-1), not different between bGH and control mice. Time- and frequency-domain measures of HRV were reduced in old bGH compared with control mice (P < 0.05). Noradrenaline concentrations were reduced by 25-49% in plasma and tissue of bGH compared with control mice (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The current study suggests reduced autonomic modulation of HR in bGH transgenic mice. Thus, GH appears to have marked effects on autonomic tone, reducing sympathetic nervous system function possibly via reduced noradrenaline stores.
12.	Andersson, Mats, et al. (författare) Remote sensing of the environment using laser radar techniques 1997 Ingår i: Atomic Physics Methods in Modern Research. ; 499, s. 257-269 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
13.	Arapovic-Johansson, Bozana, et al. (författare) Experience of Stress Assessed by Text Messages and Its Association with Objective Workload-A Longitudinal Study 2020 Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Exploring stress trajectories in detail and over a long time may give valuable information in terms of both understanding and practice. We followed a group of primary health care employees in a randomized controlled trial. The objective was to describe their experience of stress, explore the intra-individual variability and examine the association between the experience of stress and the objective workload. Weekly text messages with a single item stress question were distributed in two time series: 12 weeks at the beginning of the trial and 26 weeks after the 6-month follow up. Aggregated objective data about workload were collected from their administration office and related to stress levels. There was a seasonal variation, with higher stress during the fall than in spring and summer. The analysis comparing high and low stress subgroups showed that the stress trajectory of a high-stress subgroup was different from that of a low-stress subgroup. Individuals with high exhaustion scores had higher odds of belonging to a subgroup of individuals with high intra-individual variability in stress experience. The objective workload was measured in two ways and was strongly associated with the stress experience. We found that the lower the productivity, the higher the feeling of stress.
14.	Arapovic-Johansson, Bozana, et al. (författare) Participatory work place intervention for stress prevention in primary health care. A randomized controlled trial 2018 Ingår i: European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology. - : Routledge. - 1359-432X .- 1464-0643. ; 27:2, s. 219-234 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim of this study is to explore whether a participatory, organizational intervention can reduce work-related risk factors, and thereby prevent stress-related ill health. We build on the job demand-control and effort-reward imbalance models of stress. It is a two-armed randomized trial, with one primary health care unit receiving the intervention and a two-unit control group. Validated questionnaires for the assessment of psychosocial work environment and health were administered, at the baseline and at 6 and 12-month follow up. The primary outcome was job strain. Secondary outcomes were effort-reward imbalance, exhaustion, sleep, and recovery. Group-level objective data on workload and data about relevant processes during the study were continuously collected. The changes in the intervention group with regard to job strain, effort-reward imbalance, exhaustion, sleep and recovery were not statistically different from changes in the control group. For the non-exhausted employees though, reward was significantly higher at follow up compared to baseline, but only in the intervention group. An important piece of information is that the objective workload was statistically significantly higher in the intervention group throughout the study. Not all the components of the intervention were implemented as intended. Context and process information, such as objective data and implementation fidelity are necessary for a valid interpretation of the results.
15.	Arapovic-Johansson, Bozana, et al. (författare) Process Evaluation of a Participative Organizational Intervention as a Stress Preventive Intervention for Employees in Swedish Primary Health Care 2020 Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:19 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study is a process evaluation of a trial examining the effects of an organizational intervention (Productivity Measurement and Enhancement System or ProMES) on employee stress. The aims were to explore the implementation process and fidelity to the intervention guidelines, examine the influence of contextual factors (hindrances and facilitators) and explore participants experience of working with ProMES. We used the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) guidance to guide the process evaluation. The recruitment, reach and dose delivered were satisfactory and participation high. The employees felt ProMES clarified priorities, gave control and increased participation in decision-making. However, difficulty in obtaining statistical productivity data from the central administration office (a central feature of the intervention) hindered full implementation and regular feedback meetings. Staffing shortages interfered with the implementation process, while having seven design teams and one consultant prevented all occupational groups from working simultaneously. A detailed examination of access to necessary organizational data should be undertaken before implementing ProMES. We recommend a better introduction for new employees, more work on design and packaging and giving employees more training in how to use the software program. The study contributes to our understanding of process evaluations in research into organizational stress management interventions.
16.	Armstrong, Irene T, et al. (författare) Waiting for a hand : saccadic reaction time increases in proportion to hand reaction time when reaching under a visuomotor reversal 2013 Ingår i: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1662-5161. ; 7, s. 319- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Although eye movement onset typically precedes hand movement onset when reaching to targets presented in peripheral vision, arm motor commands appear to be issued at around the same time, and possibly in advance, of eye motor commands. A fundamental question, therefore, is whether eye movement initiation is linked or yoked to hand movement. We addressed this issue by having participants reach to targets after adapting to a visuomotor reversal (or 180° rotation) between the position of the unseen hand and the position of a cursor controlled by the hand. We asked whether this reversal, which we expected to increase hand reaction time (HRT), would also increase saccadic reaction time (SRT). As predicted, when moving the cursor to targets under the reversal, HRT increased in all participants. SRT also increased in all but one participant, even though the task for the eyes-shifting gaze to the target-was unaltered by the reversal of hand position feedback. Moreover, the effects of the reversal on SRT and HRT were positively correlated across participants; those who exhibited the greatest increases in HRT also showed the greatest increases in SRT. These results indicate that the mechanisms underlying the initiation of eye and hand movements are linked. In particular, the results suggest that the initiation of an eye movement to a manual target depends, at least in part, on the specification of hand movement.
17.	Aulchenko, Yurii S, et al. (författare) Loci influencing lipid levels and coronary heart disease risk in 16 European population cohorts 2009 Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 41:1, s. 47-55 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Recent genome-wide association (GWA) studies of lipids have been conducted in samples ascertained for other phenotypes, particularly diabetes. Here we report the first GWA analysis of loci affecting total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides sampled randomly from 16 population-based cohorts and genotyped using mainly the Illumina HumanHap300-Duo platform. Our study included a total of 17,797-22,562 persons, aged 18-104 years and from geographic regions spanning from the Nordic countries to Southern Europe. We established 22 loci associated with serum lipid levels at a genome-wide significance level (P < 5 x 10(-8)), including 16 loci that were identified by previous GWA studies. The six newly identified loci in our cohort samples are ABCG5 (TC, P = 1.5 x 10(-11); LDL, P = 2.6 x 10(-10)), TMEM57 (TC, P = 5.4 x 10(-10)), CTCF-PRMT8 region (HDL, P = 8.3 x 10(-16)), DNAH11 (LDL, P = 6.1 x 10(-9)), FADS3-FADS2 (TC, P = 1.5 x 10(-10); LDL, P = 4.4 x 10(-13)) and MADD-FOLH1 region (HDL, P = 6 x 10(-11)). For three loci, effect sizes differed significantly by sex. Genetic risk scores based on lipid loci explain up to 4.8% of variation in lipids and were also associated with increased intima media thickness (P = 0.001) and coronary heart disease incidence (P = 0.04). The genetic risk score improves the screening of high-risk groups of dyslipidemia over classical risk factors.
18.	Bengtsson, Karin, et al. (författare) Samtal om tal 2002 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
19.	Bengtsson, Karin (författare) Talandet som levd erfarenhet. : En studie av fyra barn med Downs syndrom. 2006 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract This thesis presents a study of children’s speech. The children have Down syndrome (DS). Often the speech of children with DS is hard for other people to understand. The aim of the study is to try a new way of describing these children’s speech. My perspective reflects an ambition to conceive the children as active, speaking subjects.In phenomenology human beings are regarded as always being intentional. The phenomenological perspective on intentionality views articulation as intentional, even though we normally experience it as “automatic”. This seemed to be a fertile perspective for this study, where the central focus is on the intentionality in the speech, i.e. the relation between the speaker and his or her speech while speaking. I have drawn mainly on Merleau-Ponty’s views on speech.The speech of four children 6–7 years old was studied. The children were videotaped together with an adult in a specific situation (while naming pictures of familiar objects). The children’s speech was transcribed phonetically and some of the words were subjected to acoustic analysis. The main features of the situation were noted down. By means of the acoustic analysis, it was possible to study particular words in minute detail. These words were interpreted in relation to the context in which each utterance was made.The four children all differ individually in their speaking strategies. The children’s speaking strategies may be described as flexible or rigid, diversified or undiversified. Within the child’s total expression there is a part which, in my opinion, the child could reach and develop. In my study, I introduce the terms the accessible speech or the accessible expression for that part of the child’s expression. By the terms the visible speech or the visible expression, I have tried to capture the part of the expression which I conceive that the child is capable of approaching as an object.The terms accessibility and visibility involve the notion of intentionality; the speech is accessible or visible to someone. The children show us what is within reach for them. I believe that a good starting point for supporting the children’s speech development is the point where they reveal accessible and/or visible speech.
20.	Bentham, James, et al. (författare) A century of trends in adult human height 2016 Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
21.	Bentham, James, et al. (författare) A century of trends in adult human height 2016 Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
22.	Berggren, Anna, et al. (författare) Intestinal function, microflora and nutrient intake of children after administration of a fermented oat product containing Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 9843 (299v) 2003 Ingår i: Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0891-060X .- 1651-2235. ; 15:4, s. 160-168 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The objective of the study was to evaluate the intestinal tolerance of a newly developed food containing Lactobacillus plantarum 299v, in children. The effects of consumption of the product on the children's nutrient intake were also followed, in a separate study. The tolerance study was parallel, double-blind, and included 69 children between 6 months and 3 years of age, randomized into two groups. One of the groups consumed a fermented oat product (1×109 cfu L. plantarum 299v/g) for 3 weeks, while the other group consumed a placebo product. We analysed the subjects by intention to treat and also carried out an analysis of subjects who had a mean intake of >100 g study product per day. After consumption for 3 weeks, the content of L. plantarum 299v in faeces increased significantly in the test group compared with the placebo group (p<0.001) and mean log10 cfu/g was 8.7 (intention to treat analysis). Also, the total content of lactobacilli increased and was significantly higher compared with the placebo group (p<0.001). The same result was also obtained when the data for the subjects who had a higher consumption of the study products were analysed. There were no differences in reported gastrointestinal function between the groups. The effects of the fermented oat product on the children's nutrient intake were followed in 12 children aged 1-3 years. Inclusion of the fermented oat product that was enriched with iron and ascorbic acid led to a significantly higher intake of several nutrients like energy, carbohydrates (g, E%), dietary fibre, iron and zinc. In conclusion, the children tolerated the fermented oat product well, the faecal microflora was positively altered and the children's nutritional intake was improved. Keywords: children, microflora, Lactobacillus plantarum 299v, probiotic bacteria, intestinal tolerance, nutrient intake.
23.	Berglund, Anna-Karin, et al. (författare) Med periferin i sentrum – en studie av lokal velferd, arbeidsmarked og kjonnsrelationer i den nordiske periferin. 2005 Bok (refereegranskat)
24.	Bernberg, Evelina, 1981, et al. (författare) Effects of social isolation and environmental enrichment on atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice 2008 Ingår i: Stress. - 1607-8888 .- 1025-3890. ; 11:5, s. 381-9 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Social support and a stimulating environment have been suggested to reduce stress reactions and cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to assess the role of environmental enrichment and social interaction for development of atherosclerosis in atherosclerosis prone mice. Male ApoE-/- mice were divided into four groups and followed during 20 weeks: (i) enriched environment (E, n=12), (ii) deprived environment (ED, n=12), (iii) enriched environment with exercise (E-Ex, n=12) and (iv) socially deprived by individual housing (SD, n=10). Plasma lipid and cytokine concentrations were measured. Atherosclerosis was quantified in cross-sections of innominate artery and en face in thoracic aorta. Plaque area was significantly increased in SD mice in the innominate artery (P<0.05 vs. all other groups), but not in the thoracic aorta. Plasma lipids were increased in SD mice (P<0.001 vs. all for total cholesterol, P<0.05 vs. E and P<0.01 vs. ED for triglycerides). Plasma concentration of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was decreased in SD mice compared to E mice (P<0.05). Thus, social isolation increased atherosclerosis and plasma lipids in ApoE-/- mice. Reduction in plasma G-CSF levels may hamper endothelial regeneration in the atherosclerotic process. While environmental enrichment did not affect atherosclerosis, social isolation accelerated atherosclerosis.
25.	Bernberg, Evelina, 1981, et al. (författare) Repeated exposure to stressors do not accelerate atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice 2009 Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 204:1, s. 90-95 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Psychosocial stress is suggested to play a significant role in development of cardiovascular disease. To evaluate the effects of repeated exposure to stress on atherosclerosis in atherosclerosis-prone ApoE(-/-) mice we used five different stressors. We further sought to determine whether stress combined with high salt diet induces dysfunctional neurohormonal regulation and impaired salt excretion, thus amplifying the atherogenic potential of salt. The five stressors were evaluated in male C57BL/6 mice and ApoE(-/-) mice (studies I and II) and then used in female ApoE(-/-) mice to study their effect on atherosclerosis (study III). The mice in study III received standard or high salt diet (8%) alone or in combination with stress for 12 weeks. Urine and plasma were collected for corticosterone and lipid analysis, respectively. Acute blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) responses to stress were measured using telemetry. Plaque burden was assessed in the thoracic aorta and aortic root. Plaque morphology was investigated regarding macrophages and collagen content. Urinary corticosterone chronically increased in stressed mice (P<0.05 control vs. stress, P<0.05 control salt vs. stress salt). BP and HR increased acutely during all stressors (P<0.05). Body weight gain decreased significantly in the stress group (P<0.05 vs. control). However, stress did not alter plasma lipid levels, plaque area or plaque morphology. Increased BP and HR suggest an acute stress-related response in ApoE(-/-) mice. Furthermore, stress chronically decreased body weight gain and increased urinary corticosterone levels. Notably, despite an apparent stress effect, stress affected neither atherogenesis nor plaque morphology.
26.	Berndt, Sonja I., et al. (författare) Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 11 new loci for anthropometric traits and provides insights into genetic architecture 2013 Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:5, s. 501-U69 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Approaches exploiting trait distribution extremes may be used to identify loci associated with common traits, but it is unknown whether these loci are generalizable to the broader population. In a genome-wide search for loci associated with the upper versus the lower 5th percentiles of body mass index, height and waist-to-hip ratio, as well as clinical classes of obesity, including up to 263,407 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 4 new loci (IGFBP4, H6PD, RSRC1 and PPP2R2A) influencing height detected in the distribution tails and 7 new loci (HNF4G, RPTOR, GNAT2, MRPS33P4, ADCY9, HS6ST3 and ZZZ3) for clinical classes of obesity. Further, we find a large overlap in genetic structure and the distribution of variants between traits based on extremes and the general population and little etiological heterogeneity between obesity subgroups.
27.	Blomberg, Rina, et al. (författare) Aberrant resting-state connectivity of auditory, ventral attention/salience and default-mode networks in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 2022 Ingår i: Frontiers in Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1662-4548 .- 1662-453X. ; 16 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background Numerous resting-state studies on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have reported aberrant functional connectivity (FC) between the default-mode network (DMN) and the ventral attention/salience network (VA/SN). This finding has commonly been interpreted as an index of poorer DMN regulation associated with symptoms of mind wandering in ADHD literature. However, a competing perspective suggests that dysfunctional organization of the DMN and VA/SN may additionally index increased sensitivity to the external environment. The goal of the current study was to test this latter perspective in relation to auditory distraction by investigating whether ADHD-adults exhibit aberrant FC between DMN, VA/SN, and auditory networks. Methods Twelve minutes of resting-state fMRI data was collected from two adult groups: ADHD (n = 17) and controls (n = 17); from which the FC between predefined regions comprising the DMN, VA/SN, and auditory networks were analyzed. Results A weaker anticorrelation between the VA/SN and DMN was observed in ADHD. DMN and VA/SN hubs also exhibited aberrant FC with the auditory network in ADHD. Additionally, participants who displayed a stronger anticorrelation between the VA/SN and auditory network at rest, also performed better on a cognitively demanding behavioral task that involved ignoring a distracting auditory stimulus. Conclusion Results are consistent with the hypothesis that auditory distraction in ADHD is linked to aberrant interactions between DMN, VA/SN, and auditory systems. Our findings support models that implicate dysfunctional organization of the DMN and VA/SN in the disorder and encourage more research into sensory interactions with these major networks.
28.	Bossart, Martin, et al. (författare) Effects on weight loss and glycemic control with SAR441255, a potent unimolecular peptide GLP-1/GIP/GCG receptor triagonist 2022 Ingår i: Cell Metabolism. - : CELL PRESS. - 1550-4131 .- 1932-7420. ; 34:1, s. 59- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Unimolecular triple incretins, combining the activity of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose -dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon (GCG), have demonstrated reduction in body weight and improved glucose control in rodent models. We developed SAR441255, a synthetic peptide agonist of the GLP-1, GCG, and GIP receptors, structurally based on the exendin-4 sequence. SAR441255 displays high potency with balanced activation of all three target receptors. In animal models, metabolic outcomes were superior to results with a dual GLP-1/GCG receptor agonist. Preclinical in vivo positron emission tomography imaging demonstrated SAR441255 binding to GLP-1 and GCG receptors. In healthy subjects, SAR441255 improved glycemic control during a mixed-meal tolerance test and impacted biomarkers for GCG and GIP receptor activation. Single doses of SAR441255 were well tolerated. The results demonstrate that integrating GIP activity into dual GLP-1 and GCG receptor agonism provides improved effects on weight loss and glycemic control while buffering the diabetogenic risk of chronic GCG receptor agonism.
29.	Brenner, Darren R, et al. (författare) Identification of lung cancer histology-specific variants applying Bayesian framework variant prioritization approaches within the TRICL and ILCCO consortia 2015 Ingår i: Carcinogenesis. - : Oxford University Press. - 0143-3334 .- 1460-2180. ; 36:11, s. 1314-1326 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have likely uncovered all common variants at the GWAS significance level. Additional variants within the suggestive range (0.0001> P > 5×10−8) are, however, still of interest for identifying causal associations. This analysis aimed to apply novel variant prioritization approaches to identify additional lung cancer variants that may not reach the GWAS level. Effects were combined across studies with a total of 33456 controls and 6756 adenocarcinoma (AC; 13 studies), 5061 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; 12 studies) and 2216 small cell lung cancer cases (9 studies). Based on prior information such as variant physical properties and functional significance, we applied stratified false discovery rates, hierarchical modeling and Bayesian false discovery probabilities for variant prioritization. We conducted a fine mapping analysis as validation of our methods by examining top-ranking novel variants in six independent populations with a total of 3128 cases and 2966 controls. Three novel loci in the suggestive range were identified based on our Bayesian framework analyses: KCNIP4 at 4p15.2 (rs6448050, P = 4.6×10−7) and MTMR2 at 11q21 (rs10501831, P = 3.1×10−6) with SCC, as well as GAREM at 18q12.1 (rs11662168, P = 3.4×10−7) with AC. Use of our prioritization methods validated two of the top three loci associated with SCC (P = 1.05×10−4 for KCNIP4, represented by rs9799795) and AC (P = 2.16×10−4 for GAREM, represented by rs3786309) in the independent fine mapping populations. This study highlights the utility of using prior functional data for sequence variants in prioritization analyses to search for robust signals in the suggestive range.
30.	Chatziioannou, Aristotelis, et al. (författare) Blood-based omic profiling supports female susceptibility to tobacco smoke-induced cardiovascular diseases 2017 Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 7 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We recently reported that differential gene expression and DNA methylation profiles in blood leukocytes of apparently healthy smokers predicts with remarkable efficiency diseases and conditions known to be causally associated with smoking, suggesting that blood-based omic profiling of human populations may be useful for linking environmental exposures to potential health effects. Here we report on the sex-specific effects of tobacco smoking on transcriptomic and epigenetic features derived from genome-wide profiling in white blood cells, identifying 26 expression probes and 92 CpG sites, almost all of which are affected only in female smokers. Strikingly, these features relate to numerous genes with a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, especially thrombin signaling, including the thrombin receptors on platelets F2R (coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor; PAR1) and GP5 (glycoprotein 5), as well as HMOX1 (haem oxygenase 1) and BCL2L1 (BCL2-like 1) which are involved in protection against oxidative stress and apoptosis, respectively. These results are in concordance with epidemiological evidence of higher female susceptibility to tobacco-induced cardiovascular disease and underline the potential of blood-based omic profiling in hazard and risk assessment.
31.	Chen, Irene, et al. (författare) Why is my classifier discriminatory? 2018 Ingår i: Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. ; 32, s. 3543-3554 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Recent attempts to achieve fairness in predictive models focus on the balance between fairness and accuracy. In sensitive applications such as healthcare or criminal justice, this trade-off is often undesirable as any increase in prediction error could have devastating consequences. In this work, we argue that the fairness of predictions should be evaluated in context of the data, and that unfairness induced by inadequate samples sizes or unmeasured predictive variables should be addressed through data collection, rather than by constraining the model. We decompose cost-based metrics of discrimination into bias, variance, and noise, and propose actions aimed at estimating and reducing each term. Finally, we perform case-studies on prediction of income, mortality, and review ratings, confirming the value of this analysis. We find that data collection is often a means to reduce discrimination without sacrificing accuracy.
32.	Demirkan, Ayse, et al. (författare) Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Novel Loci Associated with Circulating Phospho- and Sphingolipid Concentrations 2012 Ingår i: PLoS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 8:2, s. e1002490- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Phospho- and sphingolipids are crucial cellular and intracellular compounds. These lipids are required for active transport, a number of enzymatic processes, membrane formation, and cell signalling. Disruption of their metabolism leads to several diseases, with diverse neurological, psychiatric, and metabolic consequences. A large number of phospholipid and sphingolipid species can be detected and measured in human plasma. We conducted a meta-analysis of five European family-based genome-wide association studies (N = 4034) on plasma levels of 24 sphingomyelins (SPM), 9 ceramides (CER), 57 phosphatidylcholines (PC), 20 lysophosphatidylcholines (LPC), 27 phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), and 16 PE-based plasmalogens (PLPE), as well as their proportions in each major class. This effort yielded 25 genome-wide significant loci for phospholipids (smallest P-value = 9.88 x 10(-204)) and 10 loci for sphingolipids (smallest P-value = 3.10 x 10(-57)). After a correction for multiple comparisons (P-value, 2.2 x 10(-9)), we observed four novel loci significantly associated with phospholipids (PAQR9, AGPAT1, PKD2L1, PDXDC1) and two with sphingolipids (PLD2 and APOE) explaining up to 3.1% of the variance. Further analysis of the top findings with respect to within class molar proportions uncovered three additional loci for phospholipids (PNLIPRP2, PCDH20, and ABDH3) suggesting their involvement in either fatty acid elongation/saturation processes or fatty acid specific turnover mechanisms. Among those, 14 loci (KCNH7, AGPAT1, PNLIPRP2, SYT9, FADS1-2-3, DLG2, APOA1, ELOVL2, CDK17, LIPC, PDXDC1, PLD2, LASS4, and APOE) mapped into the glycerophospholipid and 12 loci (ILKAP, ITGA9, AGPAT1, FADS1-2-3, APOA1, PCDH20, LIPC, PDXDC1, SGPP1, APOE, LASS4, and PLD2) to the sphingolipid pathways. In large meta-analyses, associations between FADS1-2-3 and carotid intima media thickness, AGPAT1 and type 2 diabetes, and APOA1 and coronary artery disease were observed. In conclusion, our study identified nine novel phospho- and sphingolipid loci, substantially increasing our knowledge of the genetic basis for these traits.
33.	Di Cesare, Mariachiara, et al. (författare) Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: A pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants 2016 Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Lancet Publishing Group. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 387:10026, s. 1377-1396 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
34.	Dimitrakopoulou, Vasiliki I., et al. (författare) Interactions between genome-wide significant genetic variants and circulating concentrations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in relation to prostate cancer risk in the National Cancer Institute BPC3 2017 Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 185:6, s. 452-464 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 100 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with prostate cancer. However, information on the mechanistic basis for some associations is limited. Recent research has been directed towards the potential association of Vitamin D concentrations and prostate cancer, but little is known about whether the aforementioned genetic associations are modified by Vitamin D. We investigated the associations of 46 GWAS-identified SNPs, circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyVitamin D (25 (OH)D), and prostate cancer (3,811 cases, 511 of whom died from the disease, compared with 2,980 controls- from 5 cohort studies that recruited participants over several periods beginning in the 1980s). We used logistic regression models with data from the National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3) to evaluate interactions on the multiplicative and additive scales. After allowing for multiple testing, none of the SNPs examined was significantly associated with 25(OH)D concentration, and the SNP-prostate cancer associations did not differ by these concentrations. A statistically significant interaction was observed for each of 2 SNPs in the 8q24 region (rs620861 and rs16902094), 25(OH)D concentration, and fatal prostate cancer on both multiplicative and additive scales (P ≥ 0.001). We did not find strong evidence that associations between GWASidentified SNPs and prostate cancer are modified by circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D. The intriguing interactions between rs620861 and rs16902094, 25(OH)D concentration, and fatal prostate cancer warrant replication.
35.	Edlund, Klara, et al. (författare) Sustainable UNiversity Life (SUN) study : Protocol for a prospective cohort study of modifiable risk and prognostic factors for mental health problems and musculoskeletal pain among university students 2022 Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 12:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract INTRODUCTION: Mental health problems and musculoskeletal pain are common health problems among young adults including students. Little is known about the aetiology and prognosis of these problems in university students. We aim to determine the role of personal, sociodemographic, academic and environmental factors for risk and prognosis of symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress as well as musculoskeletal pain in university students. The constructs that will be studied are based on the biopsychosocial model and psychopathology associated with disabling pain. This model acknowledges illness to consist of interrelated mechanisms categorised into biological, psychological, environmental and social cues.METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This cohort study aims to recruit around 5000 Swedish full-time students. Data will be collected using five online surveys during one academic year. A subgroup (n=1851) of the cohort, recruited before the COVID-19 pandemic, receive weekly text messages with three short questions assessing mood, worry and pain, sent through the web-based platform SMS-track . Statistical analyses will include Kaplan-Meier estimates, Cox regression analyses, multinomial logistic regression analyses and generalised estimating equations. We will assess effect measure modification when relevant and conduct sensitivity analyses to assess the impact of lost to follow-up.PROTOCOL AMENDMENTS: Due to opportunity and timing of the study, with relevance to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study further aims to address mental health problems, musculoskeletal pain and lifestyle in university students before and during the pandemic.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The Sustainable UNiversity Life study was approved by the Swedish ethics authority (2019-03276; 2020-01449). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed research papers, reports, research conferences, student theses and stakeholder communications.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04465435.
36.	Eriksson Hallberg, Ulrika, 1973- (författare) A thesis on fire : Studies of work engagement, Type A behavior and burnout 2005 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The overall address of the present thesis is the relationship between being ‘on fire’ and burning out. More specifically, the thesis focused largely on two representations of involvement in work (work engagement and Type A behavior) and their respective relationships to burnout. Another pervasive theme was construct validity in assessing burnout and work engagement. These themes were addressed in four empirical studies, conducted in a sample of health-care workers (Study I) and a sample of information communication technology consultants (Studies II, III, and IV). Study I aimed to extend the previously preliminary support for the construct validity of the Swedish version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The objective of Study II was the discriminant validity of the Utrecht Work engagement Scale (UWES) against the theoretically adjacent constructs job involvement and organizational commitment. Another objective was the translation and evaluation of a Swedish version of the UWES. In Study III, the aim was to investigate (cross-sectional) association between Type A behavior, work engagement and burnout. Study III had two foci: 1) whether Type A behavior interacts with job factors to affect burnout and work engagement, and 2) the associations between the main components of Type A behavior (achievement-striving and irritability/impatience) and burnout as well as work engagement. Study IV concerned the longitudinal relationships between Type A behavior and burnout, and between work engagement and burnout. The results presented in this dissertation supported the construct validity of Swedish versions of the MBI and the UWES. It was further indicated that emotional exhaustion and depersonalization (or cynicism) constitute the core aspects of burnout, and that work engagement was more prominently associated with lack of health complaints than job involvement and organizational commitment. Type A behavior was found to be associated with burnout and work engagement in cross-sectional data, however different aspects of Type A behavior appeared to have somewhat different association with burnout and work engagement respectively. The achievement-striving aspect of Type A behavior was related primarily to work engagement, whereas irritability was associated with less engagement and more burnout complaints. No indications of an interaction between Type A behavior and job stress were found. The most important finding of Study IV was that change in Type A behavior was unrelated to change in burnout across time (one-year interval). Furthermore, Study IV supported the notion that work engagement and burnout are bipolar opposites and constitute a work well-being continuum. To conclude, the present thesis suggests that burnout should be viewed as an erosion of intrinsic, affective engagement in work occurring when intrinsic motivation is frustrated by job stress. To avoid conceptual confusion, burnout should be distinguished form exhaustion syndrome however it should be acknowledged that burnout may have negative impact on health. The present study indicated that Type A behavior is unrelated to the specific burnout reaction, a finding that needs to be replicated before generalizability can be assumed. However, it was assumed that Type A behavior represents an instrumental approach to work, further corroborating that burnout is a specific construct referring to the draining of a specific energetic and affective state. This does not imply that Type A behavior is unrelated to health deterioration – most plausibly, Type A behavior generates exhaustion and fatigue from over-exertion of energy. Both research and practice would benefit from exploring how work engagement may best be enhanced using job redesign.
37.	Fedorowski, Artur, et al. (författare) Underlying hemodynamic differences are associated with responses to tilt testing 2021 Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11, s. 1-6 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Aim of this study was to explore whether differences in resting hemodynamic parameters may be associated with tilt test results in unexplained syncope. We analyzed age, gender, systolic (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) by merging three large databases of patients considered likely to be of vasovagal reflex etiology, comparing patients who had tilt-induced reflex response with those who did not. Tilt-induced reflex response was defined as spontaneous symptom reproduction with characteristic hypotension and bradycardia. Relationship of demographics and baseline supine BP to tilt-test were assessed using logistic regression models. Individual records of 5236 patients (45% males; mean age: 60 ± 22 years; 32% prescribed antihypertensive therapy) were analyzed. Tilt-positive (n = 3129, 60%) vs tilt-negative patients had lower SBP (127.2 ± 17.9 vs 129.7 ± 18.0 mmHg, p < 0.001), DBP (76.2 ± 11.5 vs 77.7 ± 11.7 mmHg, p < 0.001) and HR (68.0 ± 11.5 vs 70.5 ± 12.5 bpm, p < 0.001). In multivariable analyses, tilt-test positivity was independently associated with younger age (Odds ratio (OR) per 10 years:1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.07, p = 0.014), SBP ≤ 128 mmHg (OR:1.27; 95%CI, 1.11–1.44, p < 0.001), HR ≤ 69 bpm (OR:1.32; 95%CI, 1.17–1.50, p < 0.001), and absence of hypertension (OR:1.58; 95%CI, 1.38–1.81, p < 0.001). In conclusion, among patients with suspected reflex syncope, younger age, lower blood pressure and lower heart rate are associated with positive tilt-test result.
38.	Ferrari, P, et al. (författare) Evaluation of under- and overreporting of energy intake in the 24-hour diet recalls in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) 2002 Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1475-2727. ; 5:6B, s. 1329-1345 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: To evaluate under- and overreporting and their determinants in the EPIC :24-hour diet recall (24-HDR) measurements collected in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Design: Cross-sectional analysis. 24-HDR measurements were obtained by means of a standardised computerised interview program (EPIC-SOFT). The ratio of reported energy intake (EI) to estimated basal metabolic rate (BMR) was used-to ascertain the magnitude, impact and determinants of misreporting. Goldberg's cut-off points were used to identify participants with physiologically extreme low or high energy intake. At the aggregate level the value of 1.55 for physical activity level (PAL) was chosen as reference. At the individual level we used multivariate statistical techniques to identify factors that could explain EI/BMR variability. Analyses were performed by adjusting for weight, height, age at recall, special diet, smoking status, day of recall (weekday vs. weekend day) and physical activity. Setting: Twenty-seven redefined centres in the 10 countries participating in the EPIC project. Subjects: in total, 35955 men and women, aged 35-74 years, participating in the nested EPIC calibration sub-studies. Results: While overreporting has only a minor impact, the percentage of subjects identified as extreme underreporters was 13.8% and 10.3% in women and men, respectively. Mean EI/BMR values in men and women were 1.44 and 1.36 including all subjects, and 1.50 and 1.44 after exclusion of misreporters. After exclusion of misreporters, adjusted EI/BMR means were consistently less than 10% different from the expected value of 1.55 for PAL (except for women in Greece and in the UK), with overall differences equal to 4.0% and 7.4% for men and women, respectively. We modelled the probability of being an underreporter in association with several individual characteristics. After adjustment for age, height, special diet,- smoking status, day of recall and physical activity at work logistic regression analyses resulted in an odds ratio (OR) of being an underreporter for the highest vs. the lowest quartile of body mass index (BMI) of 3.52 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.91-4.26) in men and 4.80 (95% CI 4.11-5.61) in women, indicating that overweight subjects are significantly more likely to underestimate energy intake than subjects in the bottom BMI category. Older people were less likely to underestimate energy intake: ORs were 0.58 (95% CI 0.45-0.77) and 0.74 (95% CI 0.63-0.88) for age (greater than or equal to 65 years vs. < 50 years). Special diet and day of the week showed strong effects. Conclusion: EI tends to be underestimated in the vast majority of the EPIC centres, although to varying degrees; at the aggregate level most centres were below the expected reference value of 1.55. Underreporting seems to be more prevalent among women than men in the EPIC calibration sample. The hypothesis that BMI (or weight) and age are causally related to underreporting seems to be confirmed in the present work. This introduces further complexity in the within-group (centre or country) and between-group calibration of dietary questionnaire measurements to deattenuate the diet-disease relationship.
39.	Franco, Irene, et al. (författare) Somatic mutagenesis in satellite cells associates with human skeletal muscle aging 2018 Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 9 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Human aging is associated with a decline in skeletal muscle (SkM) function and a reduction in the number and activity of satellite cells (SCs), the resident stem cells. To study the connection between SC aging and muscle impairment, we analyze the whole genome of single SC clones of the leg muscle vastus lateralis from healthy individuals of different ages (21-78 years). We find an accumulation rate of 13 somatic mutations per genome per year, consistent with proliferation of SCs in the healthy adult muscle. SkM-expressed genes are protected from mutations, but aging results in an increase in mutations in exons and promoters, targeting genes involved in SC activity and muscle function. In agreement with SC mutations affecting the whole tissue, we detect a missense mutation in a SC propagating to the muscle. Our results suggest somatic mutagenesis in SCs as a driving force in the age-related decline of SkM function.
40.	Franco, Irene, et al. (författare) Whole genome DNA sequencing provides an atlas of somatic mutagenesis in healthy human cells and identifies a tumor-prone cell type 2019 Ingår i: Genome Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-6906 .- 1474-760X. ; 20:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: The lifelong accumulation of somatic mutations underlies age-related phenotypes and cancer. Mutagenic forces are thought to shape the genome of aging cells in a tissue-specific way. Whole genome analyses of somatic mutation patterns, based on both types and genomic distribution of variants, can shed light on specific processes active in different human tissues and their effect on the transition to cancer. Results: To analyze somatic mutation patterns, we compile a comprehensive genetic atlas of somatic mutations in healthy human cells. High-confidence variants are obtained from newly generated and publicly available whole genome DNA sequencing data from single non-cancer cells, clonally expanded in vitro. To enable a well-controlled comparison of different cell types, we obtain single genome data (92% mean coverage) from multi-organ biopsies from the same donors. These data show multiple cell types that are protected from mutagens and display a stereotyped mutation profile, despite their origin from different tissues. Conversely, the same tissue harbors cells with distinct mutation profiles associated to different differentiation states. Analyses of mutation rate in the coding and non-coding portions of the genome identify a cell type bearing a unique mutation pattern characterized by mutation enrichment in active chromatin, regulatory, and transcribed regions. Conclusions: Our analysis of normal cells from healthy donors identifies a somatic mutation landscape that enhances the risk of tumor transformation in a specific cell population from the kidney proximal tubule. This unique pattern is characterized by high rate of mutation accumulation during adult life and specific targeting of expressed genes and regulatory regions.
41.	Frost-Karlsson, Morgan, et al. (författare) Neural processing of self-touch and other-touch in anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum condition 2022 Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier Science Ltd. - 2213-1582. ; 36 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Introduction: The tactile sense plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of a functional bodily self. The ability to differentiate between self-and nonself-generated touch contributes to the perception of the bodies boundaries and more generally to self-other-distinction, both of which are thought be altered in anorexia nervosa (AN) and autism spectrum condition (AS). While it has been suggested that AN and AS are characterized by overlapping symptomatology, they might differ regarding body perception and self-other-distinction. Methods: Participants with a diagnosis of AN (n = 25), AS (n = 29), and a comparison group without diagnoses (n = 57) performed a self-other-touch task during functional brain imaging. In the experimental conditions, they stroked their own arm or were stroked on the arm by an experimenter. Results: As shown previously, the CG group showed lower activation or deactivation in response to self-touch compared to social touch from someone else. A main group effect was found in areas including somatosensory cortex, frontal and temporal gyri, insula, and subcortical regions. This was driven by increased activations in participants with AN, while participants in the AS group showed mostly comparable activations to the com-parison group. Conclusions: AN diagnosis was associated with an increased neural activity in response to both self-touch and social touch. Failure to attenuate self-touch might relate to altered predictions regarding the own body and reduced perception of bodily boundaries. Participants with an AS diagnosis were mostly comparable to the comparison group, potentially indicating unaltered tactile self-other-distinction.
42.	García-Moya, Irene, et al. (författare) School experiences in relation to emotional and conduct problems in adolescence : a 3-year follow up study 2019 Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 29:3, s. 436-441 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Mental health in adolescents has become a major public health issue. This study examined school experiences in relation to mental health (emotional problems and conduct problems) from early to middle adolescence.Methods: This longitudinal 3-year follow up study used data from the Swedish Study of Health in School Children in Umeå. Analyses were conducted in 1379 participants that were attending grade six in 2003 or 2006 (age 12 years). KIDSCREEN-52 was used to assess school experiences and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for emotional and conduct problems. Statistical analyses included repeated measures ANOVA and multiple linear regressions.Results: Positive school experiences decreased while emotional and conduct problem scores increased from grades six to nine. Positive school experiences were negatively associated with emotional and conduct problem scores and contributed to the explanation of mental health scores in middle adolescence after controlling for background factors. When baseline mental health problem scores were taken into account the association with early school experiences disappeared (except for conduct problems in boys). However, incorporating concurrent school experiences in the analysis increased the levels of explanation for emotional and conduct problem scores further.Conclusions: The results of this study confirm that school experiences are linked to emotional and conduct problems. That link may be stronger for conduct problems. In addition, the association of school experiences in early adolescence with later mental health may be overridden by concurrent school experiences in middle adolescence.
43.	Georgiadis, Panagiotis, et al. (författare) Omics for prediction of environmental health effects : Blood leukocyte-based cross-omic profiling reliably predicts diseases associated with tobacco smoking. 2016 Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 6 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The utility of blood-based omic profiles for linking environmental exposures to their potential health effects was evaluated in 649 individuals, drawn from the general population, in relation to tobacco smoking, an exposure with well-characterised health effects. Using disease connectivity analysis, we found that the combination of smoking-modified, genome-wide gene (including miRNA) expression and DNA methylation profiles predicts with remarkable reliability most diseases and conditions independently known to be causally associated with smoking (indicative estimates of sensitivity and positive predictive value 94% and 84%, respectively). Bioinformatics analysis reveals the importance of a small number of smoking-modified, master-regulatory genes and suggest a central role for altered ubiquitination. The smoking-induced gene expression profiles overlap significantly with profiles present in blood cells of patients with lung cancer or coronary heart disease, diseases strongly associated with tobacco smoking. These results provide proof-of-principle support to the suggestion that omic profiling in peripheral blood has the potential of identifying early, disease-related perturbations caused by toxic exposures and may be a useful tool in hazard and risk assessment.
44.	Gram, Magnus, et al. (författare) The Human Endogenous Protection System against Cell-Free Hemoglobin and Heme Is Overwhelmed in Preeclampsia and Provides Potential Biomarkers and Clinical Indicators. 2015 Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:9 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Preeclampsia (PE) complicates 3-8% of all pregnancies and manifests clinically as hypertension and proteinuria in the second half of gestation. The pathogenesis of PE is not fully understood but recent studies have described the involvement of cell-free fetal hemoglobin (HbF). Hypothesizing that PE is associated with prolonged hemolysis we have studied the response of the cell-free Hb- and heme defense network. Thus, we have investigated the levels of cell-free HbF (both free, denoted HbF, and in complex with Hp, denoted Hp-HbF) as well as the major human endogenous Hb- and heme-scavenging systems: haptoglobin (Hp), hemopexin (Hpx), α1-microglobulin (A1M) and CD163 in plasma of PE women (n = 98) and women with normal pregnancies (n = 47) at term. A significant increase of the mean plasma HbF concentration was observed in women with PE. Plasma levels of Hp and Hpx were statistically significantly reduced, whereas the level of the extravascular heme- and radical scavenger A1M was significantly increased in plasma of women with PE. The Hpx levels significantly correlated with maternal blood pressure. Furthermore, HbF and the related scavenger proteins displayed a potential to be used as clinical biomarkers for more precise diagnosis of PE and are candidates as predictors of identifying pregnancies with increased risk of obstetrical complications. The results support that PE pathophysiology is associated with increased HbF-concentrations and an activation of the physiological Hb-heme defense systems.
45.	Grundvold, Irene, et al. (författare) Body weight and risk of atrial fibrillation in 7,169 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes; an observational study 2015 Ingår i: Cardiovascular Diabetology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2840. ; 14 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Obesity, type 2 diabetes and atrial fibrillation (AF) are closely associated, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We aimed to explore associations between body mass index (BMI) or weight change with risk of AF in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A total of 7,169 participations with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were stratified according to baseline BMI, and after a second BMI measurement within 18 months, further grouped according to relative weight change as "weight gain" (> 1 BMI unit), " stable weight" (+/- 1 BMI unit) and " weight loss" (< 1 BMI unit). The mean follow-up period was 4.6 years, and the risk of AF was estimated using adjusted Cox regression models. Results: Average age at diabetes diagnosis was 60 years and the patients were slightly obese (mean BMI 30.2 kg/m(2)). During follow-up, 287 patients developed incident AF, and those with overweight or obesity at baseline had 1.9 fold and 2.9-fold higher risk of AF, respectively, than those with normal BMI. The 14% of the patients with subsequent weight gain had 1.5-fold risk of AF compared with those with stable weight or weight loss. Conclusions: In patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, baseline overweight and obesity, as well as modest weight increase during the first 18 months after diagnosis, were associated with a substantially increased risk of incident AF. Patients with type 2 diabetes may benefit from efforts to prevent weight gain in order to reduce the risk of incident AF.
46.	Harrison, Dick, et al. (författare) Riddare, rebeller och kravaller. En reflexion om politisk kultur 2002 Ingår i: Tid och tillit. En vänbok till Eva Österberg. - 9174867075 ; , s. 123-137 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
47.	Heid, Iris M, et al. (författare) Meta-analysis identifies 13 new loci associated with waist-hip ratio and reveals sexual dimorphism in the genetic basis of fat distribution 2010 Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 42:11, s. 949-960 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Waist-hip ratio (WHR) is a measure of body fat distribution and a predictor of metabolic consequences independent of overall adiposity. WHR is heritable, but few genetic variants influencing this trait have been identified. We conducted a meta-analysis of 32 genome-wide association studies for WHR adjusted for body mass index (comprising up to 77,167 participants), following up 16 loci in an additional 29 studies (comprising up to 113,636 subjects). We identified 13 new loci in or near RSPO3, VEGFA, TBX15-WARS2, NFE2L3, GRB14, DNM3-PIGC, ITPR2-SSPN, LY86, HOXC13, ADAMTS9, ZNRF3-KREMEN1, NISCH-STAB1 and CPEB4 (P = 1.9 × 10⁻⁹ to P = 1.8 × 10⁻⁴⁰) and the known signal at LYPLAL1. Seven of these loci exhibited marked sexual dimorphism, all with a stronger effect on WHR in women than men (P for sex difference = 1.9 × 10⁻³ to P = 1.2 × 10⁻¹³). These findings provide evidence for multiple loci that modulate body fat distribution independent of overall adiposity and reveal strong gene-by-sex interactions.
48.	Henriksson, Hongbin, et al. (författare) Cellobiohydrolase 58 (P.c. Cel 7D) is complementary to the homologous CBHI (T.r. Cel 7A) in enantioseparations 2000 Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. - 0021-9673 .- 1873-3778. ; 898:1, s. 63-74 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Cellobiohydrolase 58 (EC 3.2.1.91, pc. Cel 7D) from Phanerochaete chrysosporium was immobilized on silica and the resulting material, CBH 58-silica, was then used as a chiral stationary phase (CSP) in liquid chromatographic separations of enantiomers. The enantioselectivities obtained on CBH 58-silica were compared with those on CBH I-silica (a phase based on a corresponding cellulase from Trichoderma reesei). CBH 58-silica displayed higher selectivity than CBH I-silica for the more hydrophilic compounds, such as atenolol and metoprolol, although great similarities in chiral separation of beta -adrenergic antagonists were found between the two phases. None of the acidic compounds tested could be resolved on the CBH 58 phase. Moreover, the solutes were retained more on the CBH 58 phase in general, indicating an improved application potential in bioanalysis. Addition of cellobiose or lactose, both of which are inhibitors of cellulases, To the mobile phase impaired the enantioselectivity, indicating an overlap of the enantioselective and catalytic sites. The chiral analytes also functioned as competitive inhibitors and their inhibition constants were determined.
49.	Hicks, Andrew A., et al. (författare) Genetic determinants of circulating sphingolipid concentrations in European populations 2009 Ingår i: PLoS genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7404. ; 5:10, s. e1000672- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Sphingolipids have essential roles as structural components of cell membranes and in cell signalling, and disruption of their metabolism causes several diseases, with diverse neurological, psychiatric, and metabolic consequences. Increasingly, variants within a few of the genes that encode enzymes involved in sphingolipid metabolism are being associated with complex disease phenotypes. Direct experimental evidence supports a role of specific sphingolipid species in several common complex chronic disease processes including atherosclerotic plaque formation, myocardial infarction (MI), cardiomyopathy, pancreatic β-cell failure, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, sphingolipids represent novel and important intermediate phenotypes for genetic analysis, yet little is known about the major genetic variants that influence their circulating levels in the general population. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) between 318,237 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and levels of circulating sphingomyelin (SM), dihydrosphingomyelin (Dih-SM), ceramide (Cer), and glucosylceramide (GluCer) single lipid species (33 traits); and 43 matched metabolite ratios measured in 4,400 subjects from five diverse European populations. Associated variants (32) in five genomic regions were identified with genome-wide significant corrected p-values ranging down to 9.08×10−66. The strongest associations were observed in or near 7 genes functionally involved in ceramide biosynthesis and trafficking: SPTLC3, LASS4, SGPP1, ATP10D, and FADS1–3. Variants in 3 loci (ATP10D, FADS3, and SPTLC3) associate with MI in a series of three German MI studies. An additional 70 variants across 23 candidate genes involved in sphingolipid-metabolizing pathways also demonstrate association (p = 10−4 or less). Circulating concentrations of several key components in sphingolipid metabolism are thus under strong genetic control, and variants in these loci can be tested for a role in the development of common cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological, and psychiatric diseases.
50.	Holmgren, Theresa, et al. (författare) Supervised strengthening exercises versus home-based movement exercises after arthroscopic acromioplasty : A randomized clinical trial 2012 Ingår i: Journal of rehabilitation medicine : official journal of the UEMS European Board of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1651-2081. ; 44:1, s. 12-18 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Objective: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of 2 rehabilitation strategies after arthroscopic acromioplasty: supervised physical therapy focusing on strengthening exercises of the rotator cuff and scapula stabilizers (PT-group) vs home-based movement exercises (H-group). Design: A randomized, single-blinded, clinically controlled study. Patients: Thirty-six patients entered the study. Thirteen in the PT-group and 16 in the H-group fulfilled all the assessments. Methods: For 12 weeks following surgery, patients performed either supervised physical therapy or home exercises. Follow-ups were conducted periodically for 6 months after surgery to evaluate shoulder function, pain (Constant-Murley (CM) and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores), and health-related quality of life. Results: The PT-group exhibited significantly greater improvements in CM (p =0.02) and DASH (p = 0.05) scores. After treatment, the between-group mean difference in CM scores was 14.2 p (95% confidence interval 2-26). At the 6-month follow-up, the between-group mean difference in DASH scores was 13.4 p (95% confidence interval 0.1-23). Conclusion: PT-supervised rehabilitation with strengthening exercises of the rotator cuff and scapula stabilizers seems to be superior to home exercises focusing on mobility for improving shoulder function after arthroscopic acromioplasty.

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