| 1. |
- Delmore, Kira, et al.
(författare)
-
Genomic Approaches Are Improving Taxonomic Representation in Genetic Studies of Speciation
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. - 1943-0264. ; 16:2
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Until recently, our understanding of the genetics of speciation was limited to a narrow group of model species with a specific set of characteristics that made genetic analysis feasible. Rapidly advancing genomic technologies are eliminating many of the distinctions between laboratory and natural systems. In light of these genomic developments, we review the history of speciation genetics, advances that have been gleaned from model and non-model organisms, the current state of the field, and prospects for broadening the diversity of taxa included in future studies. Responses to a survey of speciation scientists across the world reveal the ongoing division between the types of questions that are addressed in model and non-model organisms. To bridge this gap, we suggest integrating genetic studies from model systems that can be reared in the laboratory or greenhouse with genomic studies in related non-models where extensive ecological knowledge exists.
|
|
| 2. |
- Reifova, Radka, et al.
(författare)
-
Mechanisms of Intrinsic Postzygotic Isolation : From Traditional Genic and Chromosomal Views to Genomic and Epigenetic Perspectives
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. - 1943-0264. ; 15:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intrinsic postzygotic isolation typically appears as reduced viability or fertility of interspecific hybrids caused by genetic incompatibilities between diverged parental genomes. Dobzhansky-Muller interactions among individual genes, and chromosomal rearrangements causing problems with chromosome synapsis and recombination in meiosis, have both long been considered as major mechanisms behind intrinsic postzygotic isolation. Recent research has, however, suggested that the genetic basis of intrinsic postzygotic isolation can be more complex and involves, for example, overall divergence of the DNA sequence or epigenetic changes. Here, we review the mechanisms of intrinsic postzygotic isolation from genic, chromosomal, genomic, and epigenetic perspectives across diverse taxa. We provide empirical evidence for these mechanisms, discuss their importance in the speciation process, and highlight questions that remain unanswered.
|
|
| 3. |
- Twining, Cornelia W., et al.
(författare)
-
The evolutionary ecology of fatty-acid variation : Implications for consumer adaptation and diversification
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 24:8, s. 1709-1731
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nutritional diversity of resources can affect the adaptive evolution of consumer metabolism and consumer diversification. The omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) have a high potential to affect consumer fitness, through their widespread effects on reproduction, growth and survival. However, few studies consider the evolution of fatty acid metabolism within an ecological context. In this review, we first document the extensive diversity in both primary producer and consumer fatty acid distributions amongst major ecosystems, between habitats and amongst species within habitats. We highlight some of the key nutritional contrasts that can shape behavioural and/or metabolic adaptation in consumers, discussing how consumers can evolve in response to the spatial, seasonal and community-level variation of resource quality. We propose a hierarchical trait-based approach for studying the evolution of consumers' metabolic networks and review the evolutionary genetic mechanisms underpinning consumer adaptation to EPA and DHA distributions. In doing so, we consider how the metabolic traits of consumers are hierarchically structured, from cell membrane function to maternal investment, and have strongly environment-dependent expression. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on how studying the metabolic adaptation of consumers within the context of nutritional landscapes can open up new opportunities for understanding evolutionary diversification.
|
|
