| 1. |
- Nonnecke, E. B., et al.
(författare)
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Human intelectin-2 (ITLN2) is selectively expressed by secretory Paneth cells
- 2022
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Ingår i: FASEB Journal. - 0892-6638. ; 36:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intelectins (intestinal lectins) are highly conserved across chordate evolution and have been implicated in various human diseases, including Crohn's disease (CD). The human genome encodes two intelectin genes, intelectin-1 (ITLN1) and intelectin-2 (ITLN2). Other than its high sequence similarity with ITLN1, little is known about ITLN2. To address this void in knowledge, we report that ITLN2 exhibits discrete, yet notable differences from ITLN1 in primary structure, including a unique amino terminus, as well as changes in amino acid residues associated with the glycan-binding activity of ITLN1. We identified that ITLN2 is a highly abundant Paneth cell-specific product, which localizes to secretory granules, and is expressed as a multimeric protein in the small intestine. In surgical specimens of ileal CD, ITLN2mRNA levels were reduced approximately five-fold compared to control specimens. The ileal expression of ITLN2 was unaffected by previously reported disease-associated variants in ITLN2 and CD-associated variants in neighboring ITLN1 as well as NOD2 and ATG16L1. ITLN2mRNA expression was undetectable in control colon tissue; however, in both ulcerative colitis (UC) and colonic CD, metaplastic Paneth cells were found to express ITLN2. Together, the data reported establish the groundwork for understanding ITLN2 function(s) in the intestine, including its possible role in CD. © 2022 The Authors. The FASEB Journal published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.
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| 2. |
- Kippler, M, et al.
(författare)
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Factors influencing intestinal cadmium uptake in pregnant Bangladeshi women : A prospective cohort study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 109:7, s. 914-921
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental studies indicate that zinc (Zn) and calcium (Ca) status, in addition to iron (Fe) status, affect gastrointestinal absorption of cadmium (Cd), an environmental pollutant that is toxic to kidneys, bone and endocrine systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate how various nutritional factors influence the uptake of Cd in women, particularly during pregnancy. The study was carried out in a rural area of Bangladesh, where malnutrition is prevalent and exposure to Cd via food appears elevated. The uptake of Cd was evaluated by associations between erythrocyte Cd concentrations (Ery-Cd), a marker of ongoing Cd exposure, and concentrations of nutritional markers. Blood samples, collected in early pregnancy and 6 months postpartum, were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). Ery-Cd varied considerably (range: 0.31-5.4mug/kg) with a median of 1.1mug/kg (approximately 0.5mug/L in whole blood) in early pregnancy. Ery-Cd was associated with erythrocyte manganese (Ery-Mn; positively), plasma ferritin (p-Ft; negatively), and erythrocyte Ca (Ery-Ca; negatively) in decreasing order, indicating common transporters for Cd, Fe and Mn. There was no evidence of Cd uptake via Zn transporters, but the association between Ery-Cd and p-Ft seemed to be dependent on adequate Zn status. On average, Ery-Cd increased significantly by 0.2mug/kg from early pregnancy to 6 months postpartum, apparently due to up-regulated divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1). In conclusion, intestinal uptake of Cd appears to be influenced either directly or indirectly by several micronutrients, in particular Fe, Mn and Zn. The negative association with Ca may suggest that Cd inhibits the transport of Ca to blood.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Samuelson, Gösta, 1930-, et al.
(författare)
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A follow-up study of serum ferritin and transferrin receptor concentrations in Swedish adolescents at age 17 age 15.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 89:10, s. 1162-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- UNLABELLED: Serum ferritin and serum transferrin receptor concentrations, growth and food habits were studied in healthy Swedish boys (n = 103) and girls (n = 124) at the age of 17 y and compared with those in the same adolescents at age 15. Between these ages, serum transferrin receptor increased significantly in both boys and girls. Serum ferritin increased significantly in boys but not in girls. The transferrin receptor/ferritin ratio increased significantly in girls but not in boys, indicating insufficient iron stores in the 17-y-old girls in relation to erythropoiesis and iron needs. Between 15 and 17 y the boys' frequency of consumption of milk and bread decreased, while they more often consumed pasta, cheese and coffee. The girls decreased their frequency intake of fat products, milk and meat. The frequency of meat consumption emerged as the single significant predictor for serum ferritin <12 microg/L in girls, but not in boys. The median daily iron intake, determined in a subsample, decreased in boys from 18.7 to 13.6 mg and in girls from 14.1 to 8.8 mg, and the decrease was to a large extent due to cessation of iron fortification of flour.CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate insufficient iron stores in the 17-y-old girls in relation to erythropoiesis and iron needs, but more favourable iron stores in the boys. The absence of a significant decrease in mean serum ferritin despite rapid growth suggests that the earlier iron fortification of flour only marginally contributed to the iron status of Swedish adolescents of this age group.
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| 5. |
- Samuelson, Gösta, 1930-, et al.
(författare)
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Serum ferritin and transferrin receptor concentrations during the transition from adolescence to adulthood in a healthy Swedish population.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 92:1, s. 5-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: As part of a longitudinal nutrition study of adolescents, changes in serum ferritin (s-Ft), serum transferrin receptors (s-TfR) and the TfR/Ft ratio from 15 to 21 y of age were studied in randomly selected Swedish adolescents.METHODS: Blood samples from 60 males and 66 females were drawn at 15, 17 and 21 y of age.RESULTS: In males, median s-Ft increased significantly from 33 microg l(-1) at 15 y to 96 microg l(-1) at 21 y, and in females, after a non-significant decrease at 17 y, from 27 at 15 y to 34 microg l(-1) at 21 y. Between 15 and 17 y, s-TfR increased significantly, in males from 5.9 to 7.7 microg l(-1), and in females from 5.2 to 7.6 microg l(-1), whereas s-TfR decreased significantly in both genders between 17 and 21 y. The log (TfR/Ft) ratio did not change in males between 15 and 17 y, but decreased significantly from 2.2 +/- 0.3 to 1.8 +/- 0.3 by the age of 21 y. In females, the TfR/Ft ratio increased significantly between 15 and 17 y, whereas a significant decrease was found by the age of 21 y. S-Ft <12 microg l(-1) at 15, 17 and 21 y was 3, 2 and 2% in males, and in females 18, 26 and 21%, respectively.CONCLUSION: This study shows an increase in s-Ft and a decline in s-TfR in males, indicating increased iron stores. In females, s-Ft did not increase significantly, whereas s-TfR and the TfR/Ft ratio decreased between 17 and 21 y, indicating that cellular iron needs were met.
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| 6. |
- Bergström, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Sex differences in iron stores of adolescents : what is normal?
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN. - 0277-2116 .- 1536-4801. ; 20:2, s. 215-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluated iron status and its determinants in healthy adolescents. Fasting morning blood samples from a school-based cross-sectional study were analyzed for serum ferritin (SF), serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, and circulating transferrin receptors. Physical development, chronic disease, medication, dietary intake, and physical activity were assessed using clinical examination, questionnaires, and 7-day records. The risk of having low serum ferritin values was estimated using bivariate and multivariate regression. Subjects were 867 healthy Swedish adolescents, 14- and 17-year-olds (472 boys and 395 girls). SF values increased with pubertal stage in boys but not in girls. Five percent of the boys and 15% of the girls had SF values < 12 micrograms/L. Of the 17-year-old boys, 7% compared to 1% of the 17-year-old girls had SF values > 100 micrograms/L. Forty-one percent of cases with SF values > 12 micrograms/L had serum iron values < 15 microM, and 22% had transferrin saturation values < 16%. Mean total iron intakes of the boys were high [1.6 times recommended daily allowance (RDA)] and mean intakes of the girls were adequate (0.9 times RDA). Low heme iron intakes increased the risk of low iron stores (< 12 micrograms/L) in girls but not in boys. Total iron intake or other dietary factors, physical development, or level of physical activity did not influence the risk of low SF. The findings of this study suggest that the differences in iron status between boys and girls in adolescence results primarily from biological differences other than menstrual bleeding or insufficient iron intake. Furthermore, the results question the role of SF as an indicator of iron deficiency in adolescence, in particular if age and sex are not taken into consideration. We suggest that different reference values for SF, including the cut-off limit for low SF, adjusted for age and sex, should be considered. The high iron intakes and corresponding high SF values found in the older boys are noticeable in light of the possible negative health consequences of iron overload.
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| 7. |
- Bergström, S, et al.
(författare)
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Cloning and sequencing of human kappa-casein cDNA.
- 1992
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Ingår i: DNA Sequence. - 1042-5179 .- 1029-2365. ; 3:4, s. 245-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A cDNA encoding kappa-casein of human milk was cloned and sequenced. The kappa-casein cDNA was isolated from a lambda gt11 library generated from mRNA prepared from a mammary gland biopsy obtained from a lactating woman. The library was screened with polyclonal rabbit antibodies raised against purified native kappa-casein. The obtained nucleotide sequence contained an ORF sufficient to encode the entire amino acid sequence of a kappa-casein precursor protein consisting of 182 amino acids. This includes a tentative signal peptide of 20 amino acids and a processed protein of 162 amino acids.
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| 8. |
- Domellöf, Magnus, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Iron supplementation of breast-fed Honduran and Swedish infants from 4 to 9 months of age.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatrics. - : Elsevier. - 0022-3476 .- 1097-6833. ; 138:5, s. 679-687
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The objective was to study the effects of iron supplementation on hemoglobin and iron status in 2 different populations. Study design: In a randomized, placebo-controlled, masked clinical trial, we assigned term Swedish (n = 101) and Honduran (n = 131) infants to 3 groups at 4 months of age: (1) iron supplements, 1 mg/kg/d, from 4 to 9 months, (2) placebo, 4 to 6 months and iron, 6 to 9 months, and (3) placebo, 4 to 9 months. All infants were breast-fed exclusively to 6 months and partially to 9 months. RESULTS: From 4 to 6 months, the effect of iron (group 1 vs 2 + 3) was significant and similar in both populations for hemoglobin, ferritin, and zinc protoporphyrin. From 6 to 9 months, the effect (group 2 vs group 3) was significant and similar at both sites for all iron status variables except hemoglobin, for which there was a significant effect only in Honduras. In Honduras, the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia at 9 months was 29% in the placebo group and 9% in the supplemented groups. In Sweden, iron supplements caused no reduction in the already low prevalence of iron deficiency anemia at 9 months (<3%). CONCLUSION: Iron supplementation from 4 to 9 months or 6 to 9 months significantly reduced iron deficiency anemia in Honduran breast-fed infants. The unexpected hemoglobin response at 4 to 6 months in both populations suggests that regulation of hemoglobin synthesis is immature at this age.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Eneroth, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation has limited impact on micronutrient status of Bangladeshi infants compared with standard iron and folic acid supplementation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 140:3, s. 618-624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge about the impact of maternal food and micronutrient supplementation on infant micronutrient status is limited. We examined the effect of maternal food and micronutrient supplementation on infant micronutrient status in the Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions in Matlab Trial. Pregnant women (n = 4436) were randomized to Early or Usual promotion of enrollment in a food supplementation program. In addition, they were randomly allocated to 1 of the following 3 types of daily micronutrient supplements provided from wk 14 of gestation to 3 mo postpartum: 1) folic acid and 30 mg iron (Fe30Fol); 2) folic acid and 60 mg iron; or 3) a multiple micronutrient including folic acid and 30 mg iron (MMS). At 6 mo, infant blood samples (n = 1066) were collected and analyzed for hemoglobin and plasma ferritin, zinc, retinol, vitamin B-12, and folate. The vitamin B-12 concentration differed between the micronutrient supplementation groups (P = 0.049). The prevalence of vitamin B-12 deficiency was lower in the MMS group (26.1%) than in the Fe30Fol group (36.5%) (P = 0.003). The prevalence of zinc deficiency was lower in the Usual food supplementation group (54.1%) than in the Early group (60.2%) (P = 0.046). There were no other differential effects according to food or micronutrient supplementation groups. We conclude that maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation may have a beneficial effect on vitamin B-12 status in infancy.
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| 11. |
- Fairweather-Tait, S, et al.
(författare)
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The usefulness of in vitro models to predict the bioavailability of iron and zinc: A consensus statement from the HarvestPlus Expert Consultation
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 0300-9831 .- 1664-2821. ; 75:6, s. 371-374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A combination of dietary and host-related factors determines iron and zinc absorption, and several in vitro methods have been developed as preliminary screening tools for assessing bioavailability. An expert committee has reviewed evidence for their usefulness and reached a consensus. Dialyzability (with and without simulated digestion) gives some useful information but cannot predict the correct magnitude of response and may sometimes predict the wrong direction of response. Caco-2 cell systems (with and without simulated digestion) have been developed for iron availability, but the magnitude of different effects does not always agree with results obtained in human volunteers, and the data for zinc are too limited to draw conclusions about the validity of the method. Caco-2 methodologies vary significantly between laboratories and require experienced technicians and good quality cell culture facilities to obtain reproducible results. Algorithms can provide semi-quantitative information enabling diets to be classified as high, moderate, or low bioavailability. While in vitro methods can be used to generate ideas and develop hypotheses, they cannot be used alone for important decisions concerning; food fortification policy, selection of varieties for plant breeding programs, or for new product development in the food industry. Ultimately human studies are required for such determinations.
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| 12. |
- Hansson, L, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of human milk beta-casein in Escherichia coli : comparison of recombinant protein with native isoforms.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Protein Expression and Purification. - : Elsevier BV. - 1046-5928 .- 1096-0279. ; 4:5, s. 373-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies on physiological function and on structure-function relationships of human milk beta-casein have been limited. In this study, we have introduced the human beta-casein cDNA into vectors designed for expression in Escherichia coli. The inducible T7-based expression system resulted in high-level expression of recombinant beta-casein. The recombinant beta-casein, localized intracellularly in E. coli, was purified to homogeneity and compared with purified native beta-casein, in particular with respect to phosphorylation. The E. coli-produced beta-casein was found to comigrate with the full-length, nonphosphorylated native human beta-casein isoform on SDS-PAGE. An N-terminal peptide containing all tentative phosphorylation sites was isolated from the recombinant protein and analyzed by mass spectrometry. The molecular mass as well as the migration of this peptide on reversed-phase chromatography confirmed that it was unphosphorylated.
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| 13. |
- Hernell, O, et al.
(författare)
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Is iron deficiency in infants and young children common in Scandinavia and is there a need for enforced primary prevention?
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatr. - 0803-5253. ; 93:8, s. 1024-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A significant problem in diagnosing infants and young children with iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is that it is not clear how the biochemical markers used correspond to physiological outcomes such as growth, neurodevelopment and morbidity. Thus, the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in infants and young children is difficult to assess and therefore not really known. Recent studies have shown that iron metabolism is subjected to developmental changes during infancy, which affect indicators of iron status. Hence, better defined cut-off values for the indicators used are needed and, in particular, how they are correlated to functional outcomes.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Håkansson, Anders P, et al.
(författare)
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A folding variant of alpha-lactalbumin with bactericidal activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae
- 2000
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Ingår i: Molecular Microbiology. - : Wiley. - 0950-382X .- 1365-2958. ; 35:3, s. 589-600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study describes an alpha-lactalbumin folding variant from human milk with bactericidal activity against antibiotic-resistant and -susceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The active complex precipitated with the casein fraction at pH 4.6 and was purified from casein by a combination of anion exchange and gel chromatography. Unlike other casein components, the active complex was retained on the ion-exchange matrix and eluted only with high salt. The eluted fraction showed N-terminal and mass spectrometric identity with human milk alpha-lactalbumin, but native alpha-lactalbumin had no bactericidal effect. Spectroscopic analysis demonstrated that the active form of the molecule was in a different folding state, with secondary structure identical to alpha-lactalbumin from human milk whey, but fluctuating tertiary structure. Native alpha-lactalbumin could be converted to the active bactericidal form by ion-exchange chromatography in the presence of a cofactor from human milk casein, characterized as a C18:1 fatty acid. Analysis of the antibacterial spectrum showed selectivity for streptococci; Gram-negative and other Gram-positive bacteria were resistant. The folding variant of alpha-lactalbumin is a new example of naturally occurring molecules with antimicrobial activity.
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| 16. |
- Li, Xiaonan, et al.
(författare)
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Serum cytokine patterns are modulated in infants fed formula with probiotics or milk fat globule membranes : A randomized controlled trial
- 2021
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science. - 1932-6203. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Proteins and lipids of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and probiotics are immunomodulatory. We hypothesized that Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei strain F19 (F19) would augment vaccine antibody and T helper 1 type immune responses whereas MFGM would produce an immune response closer to that of breastfed (BF) infants.Objective: To compare the effects of supplementing formula with F19 or bovine MFGM on serum cytokine and vaccine responses of formula-fed (FF) and BF infants.Design: FF infants were randomized to formula with F19 (n = 195) or MFGM (n = 192), or standard formula (SF) (n = 194) from age 21±7 days until 4 months. A BF group served as reference (n = 208). We analyzed seven cytokines (n = 398) in serum at age 4 months using magnetic bead-based multiplex technology. Using ELISA, we analyzed anti-diphtheria IgG (n = 258) and anti-poliovirus IgG (n = 309) concentrations in serum before and after the second and third immunization, respectively.Results: Compared with SF, the F19 group had greater IL-2 and lower IFN-γ concentrations (p<0.05, average effect size 0.14 and 0.39). Compared with BF, the F19 group had greater IL-2, IL-4 and IL-17A concentrations (p<0.05, average effect size 0.42, 0.34 and 0.26, respectively). The MFGM group had lower IL-2 and IL-17A concentrations compared with SF (p<0.05, average effect size 0.34 and 0.31). Cytokine concentrations were comparable among the MFGM and BF groups. Vaccine responses were comparable among the formula groups.Conclusions: Contrary to previous studies F19 increased IL-2 and lowered IFN-γ production, suggesting that the response to probiotics differs across populations. The cytokine profile of the MFGM group approached that of BF infants, and may be associated with the previous finding that infectious outcomes for the MFGM group in this cohort were closer to those of BF infants, as opposed to the SF group. These immunomodulatory effects support future clinical evaluation of infant formula with F19 or MFGM.
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| 17. |
- Lind, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of weaning cereals with different phytate content on growth, development and morbidity : a randomized intervention trial in infants from 6 to 12 months of age.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 93:12, s. 1575-1582
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Phytate decreases iron and zinc bioavailability and contributes to deficiencies of iron and zinc, potentially causing anaemia, poor psychomotor development, impaired growth and increased risk of diarrhoea and respiratory infections. AIM: To investigate whether a reduced dietary intake of phytate, either via extensively phytate-reduced infant cereals [milk cereal drinks (MCDs) and porridge] or a milk-based infant formula, would improve growth and development and reduce morbidity in infants. DESIGN: Infants (n = 300) were, in a double-blind design, randomized to three diet intervention groups from 6 to 12 mo of age-commercial MCD and porridge (CC group), phytate-reduced MCD and phytate-reduced porridge (PR group), or milkbased infant formula and porridge with regular phytate content (IF group)-then followed until 18 mo. Dietary intake, anthropometry, development (Bayley Scales of Infant Development) and episodes of infectious diseases were registered. Results: There were no significant differences between study groups in growth, development or morbidity until 12 mo of age. The IF group had a 77% higher risk (95% CI: 1.05-2.97) of diarrhoea compared to the PR group during the 12-17-mo period. Infants with haemoglobin concentration (Hb) < 110 g/l at 12 mo had lower attained weight at 18 mo (11.14 kg vs 11.73 kg, p = 0.012). Infants with serum zinc (S-Zn) <10.7 pmol/l at 12 mo had higher risk of respiratory infections (RR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.19-2.56) compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Phytate reduction had no effect on growth, development or incidence of diarrhoeal or respiratory infections. Infants with low Hb or low S-Zn may be at higher risk of poor growth and respiratory infections, even in this high-income population.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Lindberg, Tor, et al.
(författare)
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In vitro digestion of proteins in human milk fortifiers and in preterm formula.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN. - 0277-2116 .- 1536-4801. ; 27:1, s. 30-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Knowledge about the digestibility of the proteins in new products designed for feeding preterm infants is limited. The purpose of this study was to observe in vitro the hydrolysis of the bovine and human whey proteins in such products. METHODS: Proteins in human milk, in human milk fortifiers (Presemp [Semper AB, Stockholm, Sweden] and Enfamil [Mead Johnson, Evansville, IN, U.S.A.] human milk fortifiers), in preterm formulas (Similac Special Care [Ross, Columbus, OH, U.S.A.] and Enfalac [Mead Johnson]), and whey protein concentrates with varying degrees of denaturation were digested by duodenal juice from healthy preterm infants, from a 3-year-old child, and from adults. Digestion was studied in vitro using polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis, electroimmunoassay, and nonprotein nitrogen analysis. RESULTS: Casein was the protein most rapidly degraded in all products. Human and bovine whey proteins were more slowly digested; as much as 68% of human lactoferrin was still immunoreactive after 40 minutes of digestion. The corresponding figure for bovine serum albumin was 24-69%; for B-lactoglobulin, 20-40%; for bovine alpha-lactalbumin, 20-51%; and for human alpha-lactalbumin, 41%. Contrary to common belief, digestibility of bovine whey proteins decreased with a high degree of denaturation of the proteins. CONCLUSIONS: Bovine whey proteins in human milk fortifiers and in preterm formulas are relatively slowly digested in vitro by normal duodenal juice. The results may have implications for the design of products for feeding preterm infants.
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| 20. |
- Lindström, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of anemia and micronutrient deficiencies in early pregnancy in rural Bangladesh, the MINIMat trial
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 90:1, s. 47-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To describe the prevalence of anemia and micronutrient deficiencies as well as their determinants in early pregnancy. Design. Baseline data from a population-based randomized intervention trial. Setting. The study was conducted in Mat lab, a sub-district in rural Bangladesh from 1 January to 31 December 2002. Population. Pregnant women (n = 740) were enrolled in approximately week 14 in pregnancy. Methods. Data were collected using questionnaires, physical examinations and laboratory analyses of blood samples for concentrations of hemoglobin, ferritin, zinc, folate and vitamin B-12. Main Outcome Measures. Covariates associated with anemia and micronutrient deficiencies in bivariate analyses were evaluated in multivariate logistic regression models adjusting for potential confounders. Results. Anemia was present in 28% of the women, 55% were zinc deficient, 46% were vitamin B-12 deficient and 18% were folate deficient. Anemia was not associated with iron deficiency but rather with vitamin B-12 deficiency. Infestation with Ascaris was highly prevalent (67%) and associated with both folate and vitamin B-12 deficiency. Anemia and micronutrient deficiencies all varied significantly with season. Conclusions. The high prevalences of zinc and vitamin B-12 deficiencies in early pregnancy are a concern, as it could lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes and increased health risks for both mother and child. The prevalence of iron deficiency was low, but as this was during early pregnancy, the women might develop iron deficiency and consequently iron deficiency anemia as the pregnancy progresses.
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| 21. |
- Lönnerdal, B., et al.
(författare)
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Iron : physiology, dietary sources, and requirements
- 2013. - 3
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of human nutrition. - : Academic Press. - 9780123848857 - 9780123750839 ; , s. 39-46
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iron, the Earth's most abundant metal and fourth most common element, is also the essential nutrient that is most commonly deficient in human diets. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the World Health Organization recognized iron deficiency as one of the 10 greatest global health risks, ranked according to the number of lost healthy life years. Iron deficiency impairs reproductive performance, cognitive development, and work capacity. Effectively resolving this problem with preventive nutritional strategies remains a challenge.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Michaelsen, K F, et al.
(författare)
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Zinc intake, zinc status and growth in a longitudinal study of healthy Danish infants.
- 1994
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 83:11, s. 1115-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mild, growth-limiting zinc deficiency might be prevalent in otherwise healthy infants according to recent studies. We examined zinc intake and status in 91 healthy term infants from birth to 12 months, as part of the Copenhagen Cohort Study on Infant Nutrition and Growth. Zinc intake was recorded monthly and the amount of zinc absorbed was estimated. These estimates were below recently published FAO/WHO/IAEA values for basal requirements in 68%, 62% and 14% of the infants at 2, 4 and 9 months of age, respectively. Serum zinc decreased significantly (p < 0.01) from 10.6 mumol/l at 6 months to 8.4 mumol/l at 9 months of age (normal range 10-18 mumol/l). Erythrocyte metallothionein values, a tentative indicator of long-term zinc status, decreased significantly from 2 to 6 months (p < 0.001) and from 6 to 9 months (p < 0.01). Serum zinc at 9 months was positively associated with growth velocity during the period from 6 to 9 months (weight: p = 0.05; knee-heel length: p = 0.002). The results provide descriptive data on zinc intake and zinc status in healthy Danish infants. Although some of our data suggest suboptimal zinc status during late infancy, evidence for this can only be obtained through a randomized intervention study.
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| 24. |
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