| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Urban, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Författaridentifikatorer och publiceringsdatabaser – scenarier och utvecklingsmöjligheter
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med projektet är att ge underlag för att införa författaridentifikatorer i svenska tjänster och system inom vetenskaplig kommunikation. ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) är en internationell de-facto standard under uppbyggnad med många viktiga aktörer involverade. Implementering av ORCID kräver samverkan mellan flera aktörer, både nationellt och på lärosätena. Projektgruppen lämnar ett antal rekommendationer baserade på de uppgifter som redovisas i rapporten.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bengtsson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Sexual function after failed ileal pouch-anal anastomosis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Crohn's and Colitis. - : Elsevier. - 1873-9946. ; 5:5, s. 407-414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and AimsFailure of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) occurs in around 10% of the patients. Compared to patients with functioning pouches, health related quality of life is deteriorated after failure. Sexual function in patients with pouch failure is however poorly studied.The aim was to study sexual function in patients with pelvic pouch failure; patients with functioning pouches were used as controls. The hypothesis was that patients with pouch failure have worse sexual function.Methods36 patients with pouch failure were compared with 72 age and sex-matched controls with ulcerative colitis and functioning pouches. The patients answered a set of questionnaires concerning sexual function (Female Sexual Function Index [FSFI] and International Index of Erectile Function [IIEF]), body image (BIS-scale) and health-related quality of life (SF-36).ResultsBoth women and men with pouch failure scored lower than controls in the FSFI and IIEF questionnaires. However, none of the observations were statistically significant. The scores in the failure group (for both sexes) were below the cut-off level for sexual dysfunction. Scores for the BIS instrument were significantly lower for both sexes in the failure group. Women and men in the failure group scored lower than the controls in all domains of the SF-36, however statistically significant only for the social function domain in men.ConclusionsThe hypothesis, that a failed IPAA is associated with worse sexual function, was not confirmed. Compared to patients with functioning pouches, patients with pouch failure have inferior body image.
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| 6. |
- Block, Mattias, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Neoplasia in the colorectal specimens of patients with ulcerative colitis and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis - need for routine surveillance?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 50:5, s. 528-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients who undergo ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) after colectomy for ulcerative colitis (UC) occasionally have neoplasia in the IPAA. Patients with evidence of dysplasia or carcinoma in the colorectal specimen may have an increased risk of such neoplasia. A surveillance program has been suggested. The aims of this study were to evaluate the outcomes of surveillance of a large patient cohort, and to investigate the prevalences of neoplasia in the ileal pouch mucosa and in the anal transitional zone (ATZ).
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| 7. |
- Buccheri, Sergio, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical and angiographic outcomes of bioabsorbable vs. permanent polymer drug-eluting stents in Sweden : a report from the Swedish Coronary and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR)
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 40:31, s. 2607-2615
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Randomized clinical trials have consistently demonstrated the non-inferiority of bioabsorbable polymer drug-eluting stents (BP-DES) with respect to DES having permanent polymers (PP-DES). To date, the comparative performance of BP- and PP-DES in the real world has not been extensively investigated.METHODS AND RESULTS: From October 2011 to June 2016, we analysed the outcomes associated with newer generation DES use in Sweden. After stratification according to the type of DES received at the index procedure, a total of 16 504 and 79 106 stents were included in the BP- and PP-DES groups, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier estimates for restenosis at 2 years were 1.2% and 1.4% in BP- and PP-DES groups, respectively. Definite stent thrombosis (ST) was low in both groups (0.5% and 0.7% in BP- and PP-DES groups, respectively). The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for either restenosis or definite ST did not differ between BP- and PP-DES [adjusted HR 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74-1.21; P = 0.670 and adjusted HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.57-1.09; P = 0.151, respectively]. Similarly, there were no differences in the adjusted risk of all-cause death and myocardial infarction (MI) between the two groups (adjusted HR for all-cause death 1.01, 95% CI 0.82-1.25; P = 0.918 and adjusted HR for MI 1.05, 95% CI 0.93-1.19; P = 0.404).CONCLUSION: In a large, nationwide, and unselected cohort of patients, percutaneous coronary intervention with BP-DES implantation was not associated with an incremental clinical benefit over PP-DES use at 2 years follow-up.
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| 8. |
- Enstrom, I, et al.
(författare)
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Does blood pressure differ between users and non-users of hormone replacement therapy? The Women's Health in the Lund Area (WHILA) Study
- 2002
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Ingår i: Blood Pressure. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-7051 .- 1651-1999. ; 11:4, s. 240-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine whether blood pressure over 24 h differed between postmenopausal women receiving and not receiving hormone replacement therapy. Methods: One group of hormone replacement postmenopausal women (n = 32) and one group of non-hormone replacement (n = 32) postmenopausal women underwent non-invasive 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. They were randomly selected among the 2000 firstly screened women in an ongoing project in Lund, Sweden. The study was designed to detect a difference of 5 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure over 24 h with a power of 80% and 5% significance (two-tailed test). Results: The hormone replacement women had a mean (SD) office blood pressure of 128/76 (12/8) mmHg and the non-hormone replacement 126/78 (16/8) mmHg. Mean ambulatory blood pressure over 24 h, day and night, in the hormone replacement group was 121/72 (11/7), 126/76 (12/8), 111/64 (11/7) mmHg. The corresponding values in the non-hormone replacement group were 118/72 (12/7), 124/77 (12/7), and 107/64 (13/7) ( p > 0.40 for diastolic blood pressure and p > 0.20 for systolic blood pressure). Mean heart rate over 24 h was 71 (7) and 73 (8) beats/min in the hormone and non-hormone replacement groups, respectively. Conclusion: There was no difference in blood pressure or heart rate between the hormone replacement and non-hormone replacement postmenopausal women, either over 24 h or during the day or night. Hormone replacement in postmenopausal women seems not to have an influence on blood pressure, but of course we are aware that this is a cross-sectional study, which has its limitations.
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| 9. |
- Eriksson, Kerstin Margareta, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of life and cost-effectiveness of a 3-year trial of lifestyle intervention in primary health care
- 2010
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Ingår i: Archives of Internal Medicine. - Chicago : American Medical Association. - 0003-9926 .- 1538-3679. ; 170:16, s. 1470-1479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Lifestyle interventions reduce cardiovascular risk and diabetes but reports on long term effects on quality of life (QOL) and health care utilization are rare. The aim was to investigate the impact of a primary health care based lifestyle intervention program on QOL and cost-effectiveness over 3 years.Methods: 151 men and women, age 18-65 yr, at moderate-to-high risk for cardiovascular disease, were randomly assigned to either lifestyle intervention with standard care or standard care alone. Intervention consisted of supervised exercise sessions and diet counseling for 3 months, followed by regular group meetings during 3years. Change in QOL was measured with EuroQol (EQ-5D, EQ VAS), the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and the SF-6D. The health economic evaluation was performed from a societal view and a treatment perspective. In a cost-utility analysis the costs, gained quality-adjusted life years (QALY) and savings in health care were considered. Cost-effectiveness was also described using the Net Monetary Benefit Method.Results: Significant differences between groups over the 3-yr period were shown in EQ VAS, SF-6D and SF-36 physical component summary but not in EQ-5D or SF-36 mental component summary. There was a net saving of 47 USD per participant. Costs per gained QALY, savings not counted, were 1,668 – 4,813 USD. Probabilities of cost-effectiveness were 89 – 100 %, when 50 000 USD was used as stakeholder’s threshold of willingness to pay for a gained QALY.Conclusion: Lifestyle intervention in primary care improves QOL and is highly cost-effective in relation to standard care.
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| 10. |
- Ewald, Jonas, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Democratization in a Global World
- 1999
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Ingår i: Peace and development. Their interrealtionship in a the Globala System. A festschrift in honour of Björn Hettne.. - Göteborg : Padrigu, Göteborgs Universitet. - 9187380447 ; , s. 30-
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 11. |
- Gabrielsson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Categorization and analysis of academic patents: Developing a framework to examine differences in technology, opportunity and commercializaton characteristics
- 2014
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Ingår i: Academic entrepreneurship: Creating an entrepreneurial ecosystem. - Bingley : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1074-7540. - 9781783509843 - 9781783509836 ; 16, s. 169-196
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been a significant rise in the number of patents originating from academic environments. However, current conceptualizations of academic patents provide a largely homogenous approach to define this entrepreneurial form of technology transfer. In this study we develop a novel categorization framework that identifies three subsets of academic patents which are conceptually distinct from each other. By applying the categorization framework on a unique database of Swedish patents we furthermore find support for its usefulness in detecting underlying differences in technology, opportunity, and commercialization characteristics among the three subsets of academic patents.
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| 12. |
- Gabrielsson, Jonas, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Entrepreneurship and technological innovation : The influence of uncertainty and entrepreneurial ability on innovation speed in new technology start-ups
- 2014
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Ingår i: Entrepreneurship, People and Organisations. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781783478767 - 9781783478774 ; , s. 116-135, s. 116-135
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the study we develop and test a novel theoretical framework that examine how innovation speed in technology start-ups are influenced by the uncertain character of the technologies and markets that underlie patented inventions. We rely in our framework on previous conceptual and empirical work to distinguish between perceived state, effect and response uncertainty and to hypothesize about their potential differential impact on innovation speed. In addition, our framework also seeks to explain how the ability of the technology entrepreneur to spot and seize new business opportunities influences the uncertainty-speed relationship in start-up settings. We tested our framework and hypotheses on a unique and comprehensive dataset with detailed information about patented inventions commercialized in start-ups by independent technology entrepreneurs in Sweden. Overall, our results show the value and importance of distinguishing between different kinds of perceived uncertainty when theorizing about the process of developing and commercializing patented inventions in new technology start-ups. Moreover, our empirical findings suggest that the ability to spot and seize new business opportunities can be both an asset and a liability in this process.
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| 13. |
- Gabrielsson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Patents and entrepreneurship: The impact of opportunity, motivation and ability
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business. - Olney : InderScience Publishers. - 1741-8054 .- 1476-1297. ; 19:2, s. 142-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we examine individual patent holders and the fate of their inventions. A unique database consisting of over 800 private individuals who have obtained decision rights over a new technology in Sweden is used to analyse how opportunity and individual level characteristics are related to the likelihood that patented inventions are commercialised in a new or existing small firm. Our findings show that the likelihood that patent holders commercialise inventions through such an entrepreneurial mode is influenced by opportunity novelty and the perceived entrepreneurial ability of the individual.
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| 14. |
- Gabrielsson, Jonas, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable high-growth entrepreneurship : A study of rapidly growing firms in the Scania region
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation. - London : IP Publishing Ltd. - 1465-7503 .- 2043-6882. ; 15:1, s. 29-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of high-growth entrepreneurship is widely acknowledged. Previous studies, however, have shown that only a few rapidly growing firms manage to sustain their growth trajectory over long periods. This paper addresses high-growth entrepreneurship in the Scania region of Sweden. The authors analyse a sample of high-growth firms and find that only a minority exhibit sustained high growth. They also compare sustainable high-growth firms with temporary high-growth firms, using unique data about their innovation and R&D activities. The analysis shows that sustainable high-growth firms are more often involved in activities aimed at developing and improving existing production processes, and are also less committed to international operations in new foreign markets. The results can be used to advise policy makers on how to understand and support high-growth entrepreneurship in regional innovation systems.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Gilbert, Jonas, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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To Follow-Up Open Access Policies. What to Measure, How to Do It and Who to Tell
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The implementation of open access has gained momentum in Sweden with policiesbeing adopted by universities and funding bodies. Representing two organizationswith policy decisions from 2010, we now face the question how we should evaluatethe impact of the policies. It is clearly important for us to be able to measure and toevaluate the progress at the early stages in this process. We also believe that differentstakeholders – university management, research group leaders and the individualresearchers – will benefit from different kinds of feedback and that we should beable to provide adjusted indicators for these groups.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Hermanson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis; 18 years of experience and outcomes across two generations of surgeons at a tertiary center in Sweden.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 57:4, s. 401-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reconstructive surgery with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the standard procedure after colectomy in patients with Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP). It is of interest to understand how a generation shift of the surgeons performing IPAA has affected patients' outcomes.All consecutive patients who underwent IPAA in the period 1999-2016 at Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden, were included. Surgeons representing two different generations performed the surgeries during this period. The following 6-year time periods were assigned for surgeries performed by: experienced surgeons (1999-2004; Period 1); the new generation of surgeons undergoing training (2005-2010; Period 2); and the new generation of experienced surgeons (2011-2016; Period 3). The primary endpoint was post-operative complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥3b), and the secondary endpoints were the functional outcome, failure of the pouch, and mortality. Logistic analyses of the results were performed.Overall, 281 patients were included in the study. The rate of post-operative severe complications was lower in Period 1 [Odds Ratio (OR) 0.137; p = .01]. There was no difference in functional outcome between the groups.This study implicates that the risk of post-operative complications after IPAA is lower when the surgery is performed by a generation of more-experienced surgeons. This might support literature that concludes that surgical units that have a high throughput of patients and are staffed by surgeons who perform many procedures provide better outcomes.
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| 19. |
- Lindholm, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
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Vad krävs för framtida obemannat flyg?
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 434-435
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Behovet av klimatsmart, effektiv, samhällsvänlig transport av både människor och gods har aldrig varit större än nu. Internationellt pågår intensiv verksamhet för att utveckla effektiva, automatiserade och digitaliserade transporter inom luftdomänen som idag är en inte tillräckligt nyttjad resurs. I och med ny teknik med digitalisering och nya regelverk kommer området internationellt att växa avsevärt inom kommande år. Det gäller för Sverige att vara delaktiga i omställningen. Men vad krävs för att detta ska bli verklighet och bli ett attraktivt transportsätt?Effektivt, praktiskt och snabbtMiljövänligt och hållbartSäkert och tillförlitligtAccepteratKostnadseffektivtDetta sammantaget ställer stora krav på en transformation av ny och befintlig infrastruktur i lufthavet som systemen tillsammans ska operera i. Projekt Testbed Air Mobility har som målsättning att förverkliga transformationen med att utveckla teknik tillsammans med regelverk för att skapa den infrastruktur som krävs för att möjliggöra detta. Projektet, som utgörs av en konstellation av universitet, myndigheter samt företag, är en testbädd för nya innovationer inom obemannat flyg ihop med den konventionella flygtrafiken. Projektet har pågått sedan 2021 och är nu inne i sin andra etapp som sträcker sig fram till 2027 och har som målsättning genom att skapa en öppen digital infrastruktur för ett molnbaserat UTM (Unmanned Traffic Management)-system som använder 5G-nät och mobilnätstjänster och utgör en testbädd för forskning, utveckling, test, demo samt en plats för kunskapsutveckling och kunskapsutbyte inom digitalisering av lufthavet. Vidare deltar projektet aktivt inom regelverksanpassning för området. Testbädden kommer att integreras mot dagens och även kommande system för konventionellt flyg samt utveckla innovativa funktioner, procedurer samt systemstöd för ett kombinerat konventionellt samt obemannat luftrum med operatören i fokus. Detta sammantaget bidrar till transformation av digitalisering inom flygdomänen och ligger i linje med Europeiska Kommissionens Drone Strategy 2.0 från november 2022. I den första projektfasen har en första variant av systemet demonstrerats där simulerade och fysiska drönare tillsammans utförde simultana operationer med ruttplanering, start / landning, flygning med No-fly zones mm. Tillsammans med befintliga och nya parter skapas en öppen testbädd för att flyga och simulera drönare med övervakning och koordinering av trafiken, vilket ger mervärden för hela samhället genom att möjliggöra forskning och utveckling av effektiva, miljövänliga integrerade lufttransporter inklusive start- och landningsmöjligheter via Vertiports.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Lindholm Dahlstrand, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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University Incubators and the Likelihood of Women Entrepreneurship
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The principal question we ask in this study is to what extent structural characteristics in the entrepreneurship eco-system surrounding incubators influence the likelihood that women may engage in the commercialization of university science by becoming incubatees. We embed our arguments in institutional theory and develop hypotheses related to (1) the share of female faculty at the closest university, (2) gender norms in the primary industry of the new venture project, and (3) the prior experience of the incubator in dealing with women incubatees. The empirical data comes from a unique database consisting of over 1400 venture projects in 19 Swedish incubators that are part of the nationally financed incubator program. We select and examine 793 venture projects that made an entry into one of the incubators between 2006 and 2009. The findings provide ample empirical support for its hypotheses. Based on the findings, the paper also address implications for how incubators and universities can build up structural capital to promote the rate of female academic entrepreneurs in the regional and national economy.
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| 23. |
- Lindholm, Jessica, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Digitala lärresurser i lärosätenas öppna arkiv. Slutrapport från OERIIR-projektet
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Arbetet i projektet ”OER i öppna digitala arkiv” har utförts i samarbete mellan Göteborgs universitet, Högskolan i Borås, Malmö högskola, Stockholms universitet, Uppsala universitet och Metamatrix AB under perioden mars 2008 - april 2009. Projektet har finansierats av Kungl. Bibliotekets program OpenAccess.se. Vid sidan om denna slutrapport, har vi tidigare publicerat rapporten Kartläggning av produktion och användning av OER vid några svenska lärosäten. De frågeställningar vi har arbetat med är - Hur ser möjligheterna ut att i lärosätenas öppna arkiv för e-publicering av forskning och uppsatser, också rymma de lokalt producerade lärresurserna? - I vilken omfattning använder och producerar lärarna vid lärosätena fritt tillgängliga lärresurser (OER, Open Educational Resources) idag? Vi har velat belysa dessa frågeställningar genom att ta fram unika empirisk data från de deltagande lärosätena.
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| 24. |
- Lindholm, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Digitala lärresurser i lärosätenas öppna arkiv. Slutrapport från OERIIR-projektet
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Arbetet i projektet "OER i öppna digitala arkiv" har utförts i samarbete mellan Göteborgs universitet, Högskolan i Borås, Malmö högskola, Stockholms universitet, Uppsala universitet och Metamatrix AB under perioden mars 2008 - april 2009. Projektet har finansierats av Kungl. Bibliotekets program OpenAccess.se. Vid sidan om denna slutrapport, har vi tidigare publicerat rapporten Kartläggning av produktion och användning av OER vid några svenska lärosäten. De frågeställningar vi har arbetat med är -Hur ser möjligheterna ut att i lärosätenas öppna arkiv för e-publicering av forskning och uppsatser, också rymma de lokalt producerade lärresurserna? -I vilken omfattning använder och producerar lärarna vid lärosätena fritt tillgängliga lärresurser (OER, Open Educational Resources) idag? Vi har velat belysa dessa frågeställningar genom att ta fram unika empirisk data från de deltagande lärosätena. Under våren 2008 genomfördes vår inventering av existerande digitala lärresurser och kartläggning av bruket av digitala lärresurser vid fem svenska lärosäten. Enkätstudien och intervjuerna visar att begreppet OER och även begreppet digitala lärresurser fortfarande är nytt för många, men själva företeelserna används av över hälften av de lärare som ingått i studierna. Även produktionen och viljan att dela med sig av det som produceras är relativt hög. Det är förhållandevis många lärare som då och då använder sig av OER (50 % av respondenterna) och betydligt färre som använder sig av OER dagligen (6 %). Av de lärare som inte använder sig av OER är det mer än hälften som inte vet vad det är, eller hur man gör. Närmare 70 procent av den undervisande personalen som besvarat enkäten uppger att de producerar eget material. Produktion av egna digitala lärresurser är således mer vanligt än användning av andras material. De starkaste drivkrafterna att ta fram eget material är, enligt enkätsvaren, att ha som komplement till föreläsningar och för att det ska vara återanvändbart i andra kurser. PowerPoint-presentationer, PDF-format och Word-filer (eller motsvarande) är de vanligaste formaten på det som produceras. Andelen som väljer att dela med sig av sitt material är högre än förväntat, närmare 50 %. Här anges den främsta anledningen att man vill att informationen ska kunna vara till nytta för andra, följt av åsikten att information ska vara fritt tillgänglig. Som kontrast till detta visar intervjuerna på en lite mer nyanserad bild. Dels framhålls nyttan med digitalt undervisningsmaterial och möjligheter till nya pedagogiska grepp och metoder. Flera av våra respondenter är överens om att lärosätena skulle gynnas av att ge en möjlighet att publicera lärresurser öppet. Med kartläggningen som stöd har vi därefter arbetat vidare med dess resultat för att utveckla och undersöka praktisk funktionalitet i projektets befintliga öppna arkiv. Vi pekar på att det finns behov av mer kvalificerad användning av OER än de öppna arkiven medger, t.ex. inbyggda viewers och redigerbarhet. Samtidigt, har vi också sett att dessa öppna arkiv är överlägsna på att möjliggöra spridning och synlighet för dess innehåll, även för annat material än student- och forskarpubliceringen. Vi ser alltså både för- och nackdelar med att göra OER tillgängliga via de öppna arkiven, men för att undvika att bygga nya system eller låsa in lärresurserna i LMS:er, så kan arkivens öppna gränssnitt (ex. via XML Web services och OAI-PMH) användas för att sprida OER till andra system där användbarheten bättre kan erhållas, samtidigt som lärosätena kan behålla överblick och marknadsföring av sin intellektuella output i en samlande tjänst. Framtida system Inom projektet har vi därefter, med stöd från kartläggning, praktiska tester och faktisk funktionalitet i två publiceringsplattformar (Diva och DSpace) slutligen inom ramarna för denna slutrapport levererat beslutsstöd och prototyper med den funktionalitet som en sådan tjänst, eller det öppna arkivet, bör innehålla. Strategiska frågor Såväl i kartläggningen som i de praktiska testerna erfar vi många närliggande frågor av såväl kunskapsmässig som mer praktisk natur, där det behövs mer information och goda exempel på hur arbetet kan läggas upp, som är viktiga både för undervisande personal och ledning: upphovsrättsliga frågor; stöd och incitament för användning och utveckling av digitalt undervisningsmaterial; samt nytto- kostnadsanalyser. En fråga vi berört ett flertal gånger i rapporten är balansen mellan den forskning och utbildning som bedrivs. Det är en relativt komplicerad fråga som handlar om ledningens prioriteringar och hur man ska profilera lärosätets varumärke. Det är i sammanhanget en känslig fråga att forskning traditionellt alltid har meriterats högre än undervisning. Genom intervjuerna framgår att det inte finns några policies eller riktlinjer runt användande och producerande av digitalt material. Ett antal punkter till dem i ledningsposition på institutioner och lärosäten som vill öka användandet av digitala lärresurser och öppet material har framkommit: respondenterna uppfattar varken sin undervisning och produktion av material som prioriterat eller meriterande - om det är önskvärt, menar man, behövs det dels -stödinsatser och mer information och utbildning inom dessa områden; samt -synlighet för arbete med OER i policies, riktlinjer och som grund för karriär- och löneutvecklingen Incitament kan komma från andra håll än den egna ledningen, det vore intressant att se goda exempel premieras och lyftas fram, för att skapa såväl motivation som ökade kunskaper.
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| 25. |
- Lindholm, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
-
Functions of non-suicidal self-injury among young women in residential care: A pilot study with the Swedish version of the Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2316 .- 1650-6073. ; 40:3, s. 183-189
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) refers to the direct and deliberate destruction of one's own body tissue in the absence of lethal intent. The Inventory of Statements about Self-Injury (ISAS) is a recently developed instrument that taps both the frequency of different forms of NSSI and the self-perceived functions of the behaviour. The purpose of the present pilot study was to use the ISAS to study the functions of self-injury in a group of women with severe forms of NSSI who were treated within Swedish residential care settings and also to compare the patients' views with their therapists' views concerning these functions. Consistent with previous research, the patients reported intrapersonal functions (e.g. affect regulation and self-punishment) as more relevant than interpersonal functions (e.g. interpersonal influence and peer bonding). The therapists' ratings differed little from the patients' self-reports, although significant differences were found for some functions: The patients rated self-care and toughness as more important than the therapists did; the therapists, on the other hand, rated interpersonal influence and the marking of distress as more relevant than the patients did. Although the present study did not contain a full validation of the Swedish version of the ISAS, the results showed good internal consistency for the interpersonal and intrapersonal factors of the Swedish version.
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| 26. |
- Lindholm, Åsa Maria, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
-
Adipose tissue inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Context: Previous studies have indicated that peripheral circulating markers of inflammation are elevated in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Thus far, no studies concerning adipose tissue expression of inflammatory markers have been conducted in PCOS patients. Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate if PCOS patients display increased adipose tissue expression of inflammatory markers. Design and Settings: Cross-sectional study at three out-patient gynecologic departments. Participants and Approach: Ten lean PCOS patients, 20 overweight PCOS patients, and 20 overweight controls underwent subcutaneous fat biopsies and blood samples. Main Outcome Measures: Adipose tissue gene expression of inflammatory markers, circulating markers of inflammation, and obesity-related metabolic disturbances. Results: Overweight PCOS patients had higher relative amounts of adipose tissue CCL2, CCR2, TNF-a, IL-18, CD14 and CD163 mRNA expression compared to lean PCOS women. There were no differences between overweight PCOS patients and overweight control subjects in this respect. Within the PCOS group, markers of adipose tissue inflammation correlated significantly with obesity-related metabolic disturbances, but when data were adjusted for age and BMI most correlations were lost. Conclusion: Overweight, rather than the PCOS diagnosis per se, appears to be the main explanatory variable for elevated adipose tissue inflammation in PCOS patients. Our findings suggest that lean PCOS patients carry less risk for metabolic complications later on in life.
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| 27. |
- Lindholm, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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No difference in markers of adipose tissue inflammation between overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome and weight-matched controls
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Human Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0268-1161 .- 1460-2350. ; 26:6, s. 1478-1485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous studies have indicated that peripheral circulating markers of inflammation are elevated in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but thus far no studies concerning markers of inflammation in adipose tissue have been published. The aim of the study was to investigate whether patients with PCOS display increased expression of inflammatory markers in adipose tissue. Methods: Twenty overweight patients with PCOS, 10 lean patients with PCOS and 20 overweight controls had subcutaneous fat biopsies and blood samples taken. Adipose tissue levels of mRNA of inflammatory markers were determined by use of real-time PCR. Results: Overweight patients with PCOS had higher relative adipose tissue chemokine ligand 2 (P < 0.01), and its cognate receptor (P < 0.05), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (P < 0.001), interleukin (IL)-10 (P < 0.001) and IL-18 (P < 0.001) and the monocyte/ macrophage markers CD14 (P < 0.01) and CD163 (P < 0.01) mRNA levels compared with lean women with PCOS. There were no differences between overweight patients with PCOS and overweight control subjects in this respect. Within the PCOS group, markers of adipose tissue inflammation correlated significantly with obesity-related metabolic disturbances, but when data were adjusted for age and BMI, most correlations were lost. Conclusions: Overweight, rather than the PCOS diagnosis per se, appears to be the main explanatory variable for elevated adipose tissue inflammation in patients with PCOS.
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| 28. |
- Liuzza, Marco Tullio, et al.
(författare)
-
Body odor disgust sensitivity independently predicts authoritarian attitudes
- 2016
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The behavioral immune system (BIS) provides us a set of emotional and behavioral responses to avoid the threat of pathogens. Individual differences in BIS can make some individuals endorse social values that minimize the contact with groups that might be perceived unfamiliar or deviant. Disgust is one of the emotions that is most consistently involved in the BIS and it has been found to be consistently related to socially conservative attitudes. Disgust sensitivity to body odors plays a crucial role in the BIS but it has been largely understated by research linking disgust sensitivity. We the developed a new scale that measures individual differences in body odors disgust sensitivity (BODS) and assessed how this measure related to conservative attitudes. We hypothesized that the BODS should relate to social, but not economic, conservatism, as only the latter should share common motives with the BIS. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the BODS should share more core motives with conservatism and thus it should at least partially mediate the relationship between general disgust sensitivity measures and conservatism. We developed a 30 items measure of BODS where participants had to rate how they would feel disgusted in five different scenarios involving six body odors consistently linked to disease detection. We ran three studies (N = 200, N = 159 and N = 269) through Amazon Mechanical Turk where we collected participants’ differences in: BODS, three domains of disgust (TDD) (studies 1-3), disgust sensitivity (DS, studies 2-3), Perceived Vulnerability to Disease (PVD, studies 2-3) and in social conservatism (Right-Wing Authoritarianism RWA, studies 1-3) and economic conservatism (Social Dominance Orientation, SDO, study 3). We ran zero order correlations to assess the relationship between BODS, other Disgust Sensitivity measures and conservatism measures. Akaike Information Criterion based stepwise model selection procedures were used to identify the variables that mostly accounted for participants’ variance in conservatism. Mediation analyses were ran to test the hypothesis that BODS could mediate, at least partially the relationship between general disgust sensitivity measures and conservatism.Results: Across three studies we found that 1) BODS has good convergent validity with other measures of general disgust sensitivity (Studies 1-3) 2) BODS is consistently and independently related to RWA even when taking into account DS-R and/or TDD (Studies 1-3) 3) BODS relates to social, but not economic conservatism 4) BODS at least partially mediates the relationship between general disgust sensitivity measures and social conservatism (Studies 1-3). Our results show that body odor disgust sensitivity independently predicts socially conservative attitudes, and our findings suggest that the study of the biological basis of social attitudes would benefit from an increased focus on basic sensory-emotional processes. While our approach is broadly congruent with current theoretical frameworks emphasizing the evolutionary roots of disgust in basic chemosensory processes, an increased empirical focus on body odor perception might provide a unique link between pathogen detection and social regulation mechanisms.
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| 29. |
- Liuzza, Marco Tullio, et al.
(författare)
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Body Odor Disgust Sensitivity Predicts Moral Harshness Toward Moral Violations of Purity
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Detecting pathogen threats and avoiding disease is fundamental to human survival. The behavioral immune system (BIS) framework outlines a set of psychological functions that may have evolved for this purpose. Disgust is a core emotion that plays a pivotal role in the BIS, as it activates the behavioral avoidance motives that prevent people from being in contact with pathogens. To date, there has been little agreement on how disgust sensitivity might underlie moral judgments. Here, we investigated moral violations of “purity” (assumed to elicit disgust) and violations of “harm” (assumed to elicit anger). We hypothesized that individual differences in BIS-related traits would be associated with greater disgust (vs. anger) reactivity to, and greater condemnation of Purity (vs. Harm) violations. The study was pre-registered (https://osf.io/57nm8/). Participants (N = 632) rated scenarios concerning moral wrongness or inappropriateness and regarding disgust and anger. To measure individual differences in the activation of the BIS, we used our recently developed Body Odor Disgust Scale (BODS), a BIS-related trait measure that assesses individual differences in feeling disgusted by body odors. In line with our predictions, we found that scores on the BODS relate more strongly to affective reactions to Purity, as compared to Harm, violations. In addition, BODS relates more strongly to Moral condemnation than to perceived Inappropriateness of an action, and to the condemnation of Purity violations as compared to Harm violations. These results suggest that the BIS is involved in moral judgment, although to some extent this role seems to be specific for violations of “moral purity,” a response that might be rooted in disease avoidance. Data and scripts to analyze the data are available on the Open Science Framework (OSF) repository: https://osf.io/tk4x5/. Planned analyses are available at https://osf.io/x6g3u/.
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| 30. |
- Liuzza, Marco Tullio, et al.
(författare)
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Body odour disgust sensitivity predicts authoritarian attitudes
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Royal Society Open Science. - : The Royal Society. - 2054-5703. ; 5:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Authoritarianism has resurfaced as a research topic in political psychology, as it appears relevant to explain current political trends. Authoritarian attitudes have been consistently linked to feelings of disgust, an emotion that is thought to have evolved to protect the organism from contamination. We hypothesized that body odour disgust sensitivity (BODS) might be associated with authoritarianism, as chemo-signalling is a primitive system for regulating interpersonal contact and disease avoidance, which are key features also in authoritarianism. We used well-validated scales for measuring BODS, authoritarianism and related constructs. Across two studies, we found that BODS is positively related to authoritarianism. In a third study, we showed a positive association between BODS scores and support for Donald Trump, who, at the time of data collection, was a presidential candidate with an agenda described as resonating with authoritarian attitudes. Authoritarianism fully explained the positive association between BODS and support for Donald Trump. Our findings highlight body odour disgust as a new and promising domain in political psychology research. Authoritarianism and BODS might be part of the same disease avoidance framework, and our results contribute to the growing evidence that contemporary social attitudes might be rooted in basic sensory functions.
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| 31. |
- Liuzza, Marco Tullio, et al.
(författare)
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The Body Odor Disgust Scale (BODS) : Development and Validation of a Novel Olfactory Disgust Assessment
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press. - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 42:6, s. 499-508
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disgust plays a crucial role in the avoidance of pathogen threats. In many species, body odors provide important information related to health and disease, and body odors are potent elicitors of disgust in humans. With this background, valid assessments of body odor disgust sensitivity are warranted. In the present article, we report the development and psychometric validation of the Body Odor Disgust Scale (BODS), a measure suited to assess individual differences in disgust reaction to a variety of body odors. Collected data from 3 studies (total n = 528) show that the scale can be used either as a unidimensional scale or as a scale that reflects two hypothesized factors: sensitivity to one's own body odors versus those of others. Guided by our results, we reduced the scale to 12 items that capture the essence of these 2 factors. The final version of the BODS shows an excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha s > 0.9). The BODS subscales show convergent validity with other general disgust scales, as well as with other olfactory functions measures and with aspects of personality that are related to pathogen avoidance. A fourth study confirmed the construct validity of the BODS and its measurement invariance to gender. Moreover, we found that, compared with other general disgust scales, the BODS is more strongly related to perceived vulnerability to disease. The BODS is a brief and valid assessment of trait body odor disgust sensitivity.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Meurling, Carl, et al.
(författare)
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Attenuation of electrical remodelling in chronic atrial fibrillation following oral treatment with verapamil
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Europace. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1532-2092 .- 1099-5129. ; 1:4, s. 234-241
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: Electrical remodelling with shortening of the atrial refractory period and increased fibrillatory rate occurs after onset of atrial fibrillation and can be attenuated by pre-treatment with intravenous verapamil. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether already established fibrillatory-induced shortening of atrial fibrillatory cycle length could be reversed with oral verapamil. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirteen patients (nine men; mean age 67 years) with chronic atrial fibrillation (CAF) were studied. The dominant atrial cycle length (DACL) was estimated non-invasively using the frequency analysis of fibrillatory ECG (FAF-ECG) method. Measurements were repeated following treatment with slow release oral verapamil. DACL increased from 147 +/- 13 ms to 156 +/- 21 ms after 1 day (P=0.02), to 164 +/- 18 ms after 5 days (P=0.005) and finally to 160 +/- 16 ms after 6 weeks (P=0.008). CONCLUSION: Long-term oral treatment with verapamil increases the DACL significantly in patients with CAF. The prolongation is evident after 1 day and is further developed during the first 5 days of treatment. Since DACL is believed to be an index of refractoriness, the findings of the present study suggest that this treatment increases the atrial refractory period in patients with CAF.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Olofsson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Body odor disgust scale (BODS) : Its validation and association with social biases
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 44:3, s. e8-e8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Body odors provide important social and health-related cues in many species. While human body odor perception often triggers feelings of disgust, few studies have investigated body odor disgust in a systematic way. We have developed the body odor disgust scale (BODS), a brief 12-item scale to assess the extent to which individuals are disgusted by common body odors such as sweat and urine. The scale development included both internal and external validation tests. We used the BODS in conjunction with scales measuring social attitudes and biases, and found consistent associations between high body odor disgust and stronger authoritarian attitudes, as well as more pronounced outgroup biases. Our work is consistent with the “behavioral immune system” framework, wherein social attitudes and political ideologies are shaped by perceived pathogen risk and disease avoidance via feelings of disgust. Body odor perception may thus not only be important for personal interactions, but may also be linked to social attitudes and political ideologies.
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| 36. |
- Olsson, Bertil, et al.
(författare)
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Förmaksflimmer - ny kunskap ger nya behandlingsmöjligheter
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 96:36, s. 3796-3803
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia prompting treatment. Advances in our knowledge of the pathophysiology of AF provide the basis for new and improved treatment modalities. Thus, focal excitation and localised impulse conduction defects are possible trigger factors which can be counteracted by focal ablation and pacing synchronisation, respectively. Perpetuation of AF, caused by continuous multisite re-entry, is promoted by successive shortening of repolarisation. Internal defibrillation and anatomical limitation of re-entry are treatments that counteract perpetuation of the arrhythmia. Current knowledge of AF and the application of new treatments are discussed by the Lund AF research group.
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| 37. |
- Oscarsson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Bacterial symbionts in oral niche use type VI secretion nanomachinery for fitness increase against pathobionts
- 2024
-
Ingår i: iScience. - : Elsevier. - 2589-0042.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbial ecosystems experience spatial and nutrient restrictions, leading to the coevolution of cooperation and competition among cohabiting species. To increase their fitness for survival, bacteria exploit machinery to antagonizing rival species upon close contact. As such, the bacterial type VI secretion system (T6SS) nanomachinery, typically expressed by pathobionts, can transport proteins directly into eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells, consequently killing cohabiting competitors. Here we demonstrate first time that oral symbiont Aggregatibacter aphrophilus possesses a T6SS and can eliminate its close relative oral pathobiont Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans using its T6SS. These findings bring newer the anti-bacterial prospects of symbionts against cohabiting pathobionts while introducing presence of an active T6SS in the oral cavity.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Samsioe, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Urogenital symptoms in women aged 50-59 years. Women's Health in Lund Area (WHILSA) Study Group
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Gynecological Endocrinology. - 0951-3590. ; 13:2, s. 113-117
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Problems related to the urogenital tract are common in elderly women. Control of micturition is often impeded and questionnaire-based studies have reported a prevalence of poor control of micturition in about 30% of postmenopausal women. In an ongoing cohort comprising women born between 1935 and 1945, an interim analysis was performed in 1800 women based on an interview and questionnaire. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was found to be 33%, which is in accordance with previous reports. The main difference between the interview and the questionnaire was that the interview could take into account intensity as well as intermittence of symptoms. There were no differences between premenopausal women and postmenopausal women using or not using hormone replacement therapy. In agreement with earlier studies, we found poorer control of micturition in parous women. A higher percentage of incontinence was also found in women who had lost more than 5 kg in body weight during the preceding 5 years. In addition, women with a family history of diabetes were more prone to complaints of incontinence. Of the 155 women who had a family history of diabetes, 66 were incontinent (p < 0.01). It was also found that women who were incontinent were more often on regular surveillance for various diseases, using more medications regularly and had been hospitalized during the last 5 years more often than women who were continent. There were no differences in smoking habits. The present results imply that urinary incontinence in women is of a complicated origin and that the hormonal situation plays a minor role for this socially handicapping symptom.
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| 40. |
- Syrjänen, Elmeri, et al.
(författare)
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A Review of the Effects of Valenced Odors on Face Perception and Evaluation
- 2021
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Ingår i: i-Perception. - : Sage Publications. - 2041-6695. ; 12:2, s. 1-19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How do valenced odors affect the perception and evaluation of facial expressions? We reviewed 25 studies published from 1989 to 2020 on cross-modal behavioral effects of odors on the perception of faces. The results indicate that odors may influence facial evaluations and classifications in several ways. Faces are rated as more arousing during simultaneous odor exposure, and the rated valence of faces is affected in the direction of the odor valence. For facial classification tasks, in general, valenced odors, whether pleasant or unpleasant, decrease facial emotion classification speed. The evidence for valence congruency effects was inconsistent. Some studies found that exposure to a valenced odor facilitates the processing of a similarly valenced facial expression. The results for facial evaluation were mirrored in classical conditioning studies, as faces conditioned with valenced odors were rated in the direction of the odor valence. However, the evidence of odor effects was inconsistent when the task was to classify faces. Furthermore, using a z-curve analysis, we found clear evidence for publication bias. Our recommendations for future research include greater consideration of individual differences in sensation and cognition, individual differences (e.g., differences in odor sensitivity related to age, gender, or culture), establishing standardized experimental assessments and stimuli, larger study samples, and embracing open research practices.
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| 41. |
- Tieva, Åse, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Hybridverkstad för flexibelt lärande + Learning Lab Umeå : Delrapport 1 från Learning Lab ht -22
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I rapporten presenteras en sammanställning av aktiviteter och erfarenheter som gjorts under höstterminen 2022 inom ramen för satsningen på hybrida projekt vid Umeå universitet. Projektet ”Hybridverkstad för flexibelt lärande” sker i Umeå universitets regi och ”Learning Lab Umeå” är ett samverkansprojekt mellan Akademiska hus och Umeå universitet. Fokus i båda projekten är att skapa lärandesituationer där studenter kan delta på plats och digitalt, samtidigt och med likvärdiga förutsättningar.Denna första rapport har fokus på Learning Lab och har sammanställts av Jonas Lindholm och Åse Tieva, båda Umeå universitet samt Marie Leijon, Malmö universitet
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| 42. |
- Tieva, Åse, et al.
(författare)
-
Hybridverkstad för flexibelt lärande + Learning Lab Umeå. A som i aktiviteter, B som i berättelser & C som i case. : Delrapport 2 från vt-23
- 2023
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I rapporten presenteras en sammanställning av aktiviteter och erfarenheter som gjorts under vårterminen 2023 inom ramen för satsningen på hybrida projekt vid Umeå universitet. Projektet ”Hybridverkstad för flexibelt lärande” sker i Umeå universitets regi och ”Learning Lab Umeå” är ett samverkansprojekt mellan Akademiska hus och Umeå universitet. Fokus i båda projekten är att skapa lärandesituationer där studenter kan delta på plats och digitalt, samtidigt och med likvärdiga förutsättningar.Detta är den andra rapporten i en serie, där vi precis som i den första fokuserar på aktiviteter och fortsatt utvecklingsarbete.Rapporten har sammanställts av Jonas Lindholm och Åse Tieva, båda Umeå universitet samt Marie Leijon, Malmö universitet.Denna rapport fokuserar på erfarenheter och kunskap som utvecklats inom ramen för projekten Learning Lab Umeå samt Hybridverkstad för flexibelt lärande vid Umeå universitet -vt23. Rapporten bygger på utvärderingar, presentationer och reflektioner som vi kopplar till aktuell forskning inom området.Rapporten inleds med en kort bakgrund, därefter presenteras del 1 ”A – som iaktiviteter” som redogör för verksamheten och tankar om fortsatt utvecklingsarbete. I rapportens andra del "B – som i berättelser” delar sex lärare med sig av sina erfarenheter av hybridundervisning. I den tredje och avslutande delen “C – som i case” diskuteras ett case från slöjdundervisning med fokus på stöd.
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| 43. |
- Woksepp, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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High target attainment for beta-lactam antibiotics in intensive care unit patients when actual minimum inhibitory concentrations are applied
- 2017
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. - Heidelberg : Springer. - 0934-9723 .- 1435-4373. ; 36:3, s. 553-563
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are at risk for suboptimal levels of beta-lactam antibiotics, possibly leading to poor efficacy. Our aim was to investigate whether the actual minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) compared to the more commonly used arbitrary epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) would affect target attainment in ICU patients on empirical treatment with broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics and to identify risk factors for not reaching target. In a prospective, multicenter study, ICU patients ae18 years old and treated with piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, or cefotaxime were included. Clinical and laboratory data were recorded. Serum trough antibiotic levels from three consecutive days were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The target was defined as the free trough concentration above the MIC (100% fT(> MIC)). MICECOFF was used as the target and, when available, the actual MIC (MICACTUAL) was applied. The median age of the patients was 70 years old, 52% (58/111) were males, and the median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 48.0 mL/min/1.73 m(2). The rate of patients reaching 100% fT > MICACTUAL was higher (89%, 31/35) compared to the same patients using MICECOFF (60%, p = 0.002). In total, 55% (61/111) reached 100% fT > MICECOFF. Increased renal clearance was independently associated to not reaching 100% fT > MICECOFF. On repeated sampling, > 77% of patients had stable serum drug levels around the MICECOFF. Serum concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics vary extensively between ICU patients. The rate of patients not reaching target was markedly lower for the actual MIC than when the arbitrary MIC based on the ECOFF was used, which is important to consider in future studies.
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| 44. |
- Xu, Hong, et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes associated to serum phosphate levels in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome
- 2017
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: We investigated the association between phosphate and the risk of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with manifest cardiovascular disease (CVD).METHODS: Observational study of patients hospitalized during 2006-2011 in Stockholm, Sweden, because of suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The exposure was serum phosphate during the hospitalization. We modeled the association between phosphate and in-hospital death or in-hospital events (composite of myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, resuscitated cardiac arrest, atrial fibrillation, or atrioventricular block) as well as the one-year post-discharge risk of death or cardiovascular event (composite of myocardial re-infarction, heart failure and stroke). Confounders included demographics, comorbidities, kidney function, diagnoses, in-hospital procedures and therapies.RESULTS: Included were 2547 patients (68% men, mean age 67±14years) with median phosphate of 1.10 (range 0.14-4.20) mmol/L. During hospitalization, 198 patients died and 328 suffered an adverse event. Within one year post-discharge, further 381 deaths and 632 CVD events occurred. The associations of phosphate with mortality and CVD were J-shaped, with highest risk magnitudes at higher phosphate levels. For instance, compared to patients in the 50th percentile of phosphate distribution, those above the 75th percentile (1.3mmol/L, normal range) had significantly higher odds for in-hospital death [odds ratio 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.08-1.71)] and of CVD post-discharge [sub-hazard ratios 1.17 (1.03-1.33)].CONCLUSIONS: In patients with suspected ACS, both higher and lower phosphate levels associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes during the index hospitalization and within one year post-discharge. The risk association was present already within normal-range serum phosphate values.
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| 45. |
- Zakrzewska, Marta, et al.
(författare)
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Body odor disgust sensitivity is associated with prejudice towards a fictive group of immigrants
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Physiology and Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-9384 .- 1873-507X. ; 201, s. 221-227
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Why are certain individuals persistent in opposing immigration? The behavioral immune system framework implies that a psychological mechanism, which adapted to detect and avoid pathogen threats, is also reflected in contemporary social attitudes. Moreover, prejudice towards outgroups might be partially driven by implicit pathogen concerns related to the perceived dissimilarity with these groups' hygiene and food preparation practices. Disgust, a universal core emotion supposedly evolved to avoid pathogen threats, as well as olfaction, both play a pivotal role in evoking disgust. In an online study (N = 800), we investigated whether individual differences in body odor disgust sensitivity (BODS) correlate with negative attitudes towards a fictive refugee group. The data analysis plan and hypotheses were preregistered. Results show that body odor disgust sensitivity is associated with xenophobia: BODS was positively associated with negative attitudes towards the fictive group. This relationship was partially mediated by perceived dissimilarities of the group in terms of hygiene and food preparation. Our finding suggests prejudice might be rooted in sensory mechanisms.
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| 46. |
- Zakrzewska, Marta, et al.
(författare)
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Body odor disgust sensitivity is associated with xenophobia: Evidence from 9 countries
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Body odor disgust sensitivity (BODS) reflects a behavioral disposition to avoid pathogens, and it may also involve social attitudes. Among participants in the USA, high levels of BODS were associated with stronger xenophobia towards a fictitious refugee group. To test the generalizability of this finding, we analyzed data from 9 countries across five continents (N = 6836). Using structural equation modeling, we found support for our preregistered hypotheses: higher BODS levels were associated with more xenophobic attitudes; this relationship was partially explained by perceived dissimilarities of the refugees’ norms regarding hygiene and food preparation, and general attitudes toward immigration. Our results support a theoretical notion of how pathogen avoidance is associated with social attitudes: “traditional norms” often involve behaviors that limit inter-group contact, social mobility and situations that might lead to pathogen exposure. Our results also indicate that the positive relationship between BODS and xenophobia is robust across cultures.
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| 47. |
- Zakrzewska, Marta Zuzanna, et al.
(författare)
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An Overprotective Nose? Implicit Bias Is Positively Related to Individual Differences in Body Odor Disgust Sensitivity
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body odors are universal elicitors of disgust, a core emotion that plays a key role in the behavioral immune system (BIS) - a set of psychological functions working to avoid disease. Recent studies showed that body odor disgust sensitivity (BODS) is associated with explicit xenophobia and authoritarianism. In the current experimental pre-registered study (), we investigated the association between olfactory pathogen cues, BODS and implicit bias toward an outgroup (tested by an implicit association test). Results show that BODS is positively related to implicit bias toward an outgroup, suggesting that social attitudes may be linked to basic chemosensory processes. These attitudes were not influenced by background odors. Additionally, BODS was related to social, but not economic conservatism. This study extends the BIS framework to an experimental context by focusing on the role of disgust and body odors in shaping implicit bias.
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- Zakrzewska, Marta Z., et al.
(författare)
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Body odour disgust sensitivity is associated with xenophobia : evidence from nine countries across five continents
- 2023
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Ingår i: Royal Society Open Science. - : The Royal Society Publishing. - 2054-5703. ; 10:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body odour disgust sensitivity (BODS) reflects a behavioural disposition to avoid pathogens, and it may also involve social attitudes. Among participants in the USA, high levels of BODS were associated with stronger xenophobia towards a fictitious refugee group. To test the generalizability of this finding, we analysed data from nine countries across five continents (N = 6836). Using structural equation modelling, we found support for our pre-registered hypotheses: higher BODS levels were associated with more xenophobic attitudes; this relationship was partially explained by perceived dissimilarities of the refugees' norms regarding hygiene and food preparation, and general attitudes toward immigration. Our results support a theoretical notion of how pathogen avoidance is associated with social attitudes: ‘traditional norms’ often involve behaviours that limit inter-group contact, social mobility and situations that might lead to pathogen exposure. Our results also indicate that the positive relationship between BODS and xenophobia is robust across cultures.
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