| 1. |
- Herbertsson, Lina, et al.
(author)
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Bees increase seed set of wild plants while the proportion of arable land has a variable effect on pollination in European agricultural landscapes
- 2021
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In: Plant Ecology and Evolution. - : Societe Royale de Botanique de Belgique. - 2032-3913 .- 2032-3921. ; 154:3, s. 341-350
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and aims: Agricultural intensification and loss of farmland heterogeneity have contributed to population declines of wild bees and other pollinators, which may have caused subsequent declines in insect-pollinated wild plants.Material and methods: Using data from 37 studies on 22 pollinator-dependent wild plant species across Europe, we investigated whether flower visitation and seed set of insect-pollinated plants decline with an increasing proportion of arable land within 1 km.Key results: Seed set increased with increasing flower visitation by bees, most of which were wild bees, but not with increasing flower visitation by other insects. Increasing proportion of arable land had a strongly variable effect on seed set and flower visitation by bees across studies.Conclusion:Factors such as landscape configuration, local habitat quality, and temporally changing resource availability (e.g. due to mass-flowering crops or honey bee hives) could have modified the effect of arable land on pollination. While our results highlight that the persistence of wild bees is crucial to maintain plant diversity, we also show that pollen limitation due to declining bee populations in homogenized agricultural landscapes is not a universal driver causing parallel losses of bees and insect-pollinated plants.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ivarsson, Lina Birgitta, et al.
(author)
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Treatment of Urethral Pain Syndrome (UPS) in Sweden
- 2019
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 14:11
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Urethral Pain Syndrome (UPS) in women is a recurrent urethral pain without any proven infection or other obvious pathology. There are few studies on UPS, and evidence-based treatment is lacking. The primary aim was to study what treatments are used, and to compare the treatment tradition of UPS in Sweden in 2018, with what was used in 2006.METHODS: A questionnaire on the treatment of women with UPS was sent to all public gynecology, urology, gynecologic oncology and venereology clinics, and one public general practice in each county in Sweden in 2018. Private practice clinics in gynecology responded to the survey in 2017. Comparisons were made with the same survey sent to gynecology and urology clinics in 2006.FINDINGS: Of 137 invited clinics in 2018, 99 (72.3%) responded to the survey. Seventy-seven (77.8%) of them saw women with UPS and 79.2% (61/77) of these clinics treated the patients using 19 different treatment methods. Local corticosteroids and local estrogens were the methods most used. Treatments were similar in gynecology and urology clinics in 2006 and 2018, although strong corticosteroids had increased in use in the treatment regimens of 2018. More than half of the clinics used antibiotics.INTERPRETATION: Since there is no evidence-based treatment of UPS, a wide spectrum of treatments is used, and different specialties use different treatment strategies. Despite the lack of proven infection, a large number of clinics also treated the syndrome with antibiotics. There is thus a need for well-designed randomized controlled clinical trials to find evidence-based treatments of UPS.
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| 4. |
- Kihlstedt, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Material identity in a packaging context
- 2014
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Package design includes a number of considerations ranging from protecting the content to conveying the brand image. The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding on how Swedish consumes perceive product packaging attributes, with a special emphasis on in which way packaging material (carton, paper plastic), and structural design (folding carton, paper bag, standing pouch and plastic bag), have an emotional impact on consumers' evaluation of the product and packaging. Assessing the appearance and effectiveness of a packaging system is often confounded by branding, why it is important to separate the brand influence from the attributes of the packaging system. Thus, in the experimental part, packaging prototypes of different structural design and materials were manufactured in order to present commercial cereal brands in different types of packaging. The research involved a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, comprising (i) focus groups on cereal (muesli) packaging; (ii) a mock-up study of four muesli packaging types: transparent plastic bag, carton box, paper bag, and a resalable stand-up plastic pouch; and (iii) a questionnaire on environmental attitudes to packaging materials. Fourteen respondents participated in the focus groups and 20 in the mock-up study. Result show that the paper bag and the carton box were perceived to be the most environmentally friendly packaging material. Heavy ink usage on paper bags and carton boxes can however raise concern regarding the environmental impact. Introducing functionality and good print quality can cause preferences to divert to an alternative packaging material. In the mock-up study the standing pouch was the most liked package type regardless of brands. Functional reasons (protect, re-closable etc.) and appearance reasons (nice print, nice colours) was claimed for giving this package high ratings.
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| 5. |
- Lindström, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Få ett gott djuröga med hjälp av eyetracking : en pilotstudie
- 2020
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Can eyetracking as a tool be used to educate new staff at a farm?This pilot project evaluates the potential of eyetracking as a tool for training new staff on a farm in practical knowledge about animal welfare.A basic prerequisite for economically profitable animal production is healthy animals with good growth. Detecting animals in need of extra care during rounds is a challenge when there are many animals that need to be checked in a short time. The experience of the staff is an important component, but access to qualified staff is a scarce commodity. The experience of the skilled staff is rarely written down but constitutes a tacit knowledge that is very sensitive to whether staff quit or fall ill. Hiring foreign labor is becoming more common, in which case the potential to take part in the workforce's overall competence will determine how well the new workers will succeed in their tasks.By using technical tools such as eyetracking, you can record what a person is looking at in a certain environment. With this technology one could easily show and educate, e.g. staff, new employees, and students, what it is an experienced caretaker looks at when minding the animals. The technology makes it possible to visualize what an experienced caretaker is observing. In that way eyetracking has the potential to improve the working environment by streamlining the work of training new staff and getting everyone in the work team (experienced or not) to perform the tasks at the same high level as the most experienced.
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| 6. |
- Lindström, Björn E., et al.
(author)
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Borrelia Ocular Infection : A Case Report and a Systematic Review of Published Cases
- 2022
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In: Ophthalmic Research. - : S. Karger. - 0030-3747 .- 1423-0259. ; 65:2, s. 121-130
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Lyme borreliosis can cause many diverse manifestations, also ocular disease where the diagnosis of ocular borreliosis is challenging. The primary aim was to report on the evidence of Borrelia spirochetes in the ocular tissue in presumed ocular borreliosis.METHODS: A systematic review of pathological eye conditions was performed where Borrelia has been suspected in relevant ocular tissue, together with a case report of diagnosed uveitis with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed Borrelia afzelii in the vitreous. The evidence for clinical and laboratory diagnosis was evaluated systematically. As a secondary aim, the treatment of ocular Borrelia infection was also evaluated for confirmed cases.RESULTS: Thirteen includable studies were found, and after the removal of case duplicates, eleven unique cases were extracted. Apart from the present case report, 4 other cases reported strong evidence for the detection of B. spirochetes in ocular tissue. Four cases presented reasonable evidence for assumed detected Borrelia, while three additional cases showed only weak diagnostic credibility that Borrelia was detected.CONCLUSION: This systematic review, including all reported cases and our case report, supports evidence of ocular infection of Borrelia species. Furthermore, in case of suspicion of infection and seronegativity, it is justified to look for Borrelia in eye tissue samples. In addition, microscopy without using PCR is not sufficient to confirm the diagnosis of borreliosis on ocular tissue. In the articles studied, there was no unambiguous recommendation of treatment.
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| 7. |
- Lindström, B. E., et al.
(author)
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Urethral instillations of clobetasol propionate and lidocaine : a promising treatment of urethral pain syndrome
- 2016
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In: Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology. - : I. R. O. G. Canada, Inc.. - 0390-6663. ; 43:6, s. 803-807
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To evaluate topical treatment with clobetasol propionate and lidocaine in women with urethral pain syndrome (UPS) in a retrospective pilot study.Materials and Methods: Urethral instillations of two ml clobetasol propionate cream and two ml lidocaine gel in 30 Caucasian women age 15-74 years with UPS between 1999 and 2006 were evaluated retrospectively. Instillations were given approximately once a week until the patient improved. Between one and 15 (median three) instillations were given. In substudy I a review was undertaken of the medical records to register the treatment effect at the end of the treatment (the last instillation) and any relapses six months thereafter. Substudy II was a follow-up at least five years after last instillation based on medical records and a written questionnaire.Results: Substudy I (n=30): By the end of the treatment 18 women had no symptoms and 12 were improved. Five patients had relapsed within six months. Substudy II (n=28): Twenty-eight women responded to the questionnaire. Four women remained with no symptoms, 18 remained improved, and six had the same symptoms as before treatment. Twenty women thought the treatment was very effective, five rather effective, and three women reported poor effect. Twenty-six women would ask for retreatment if a relapse occurred, two patients would not. No side effects, except transient pain, were reported.Conclusions: This retrospective study and long-term follow-up suggests that urethral instillation of clobetasol propionate and lidocaine is effective in treating women with UPS. Randomized control studies are warranted.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Algera, Joost, 1993, et al.
(author)
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Gluten and fructan intake and their associations with gastrointestinal symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome: A food diary study
- 2021
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In: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5614. ; 40:10, s. 5365-5372
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background & aims: Wheat contains several components, including gluten and fructan, that may be associated with gastrointestinal symptoms (GI) in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The aims of the study were to determine the average daily intake of gluten, investigate the association of gluten and GI symptoms, as well as the association between fructan and GI symptoms in IBS subjects. Methods: We assessed dietary intake, including total energy, and calculated average gluten and fructan intake in this 4-day food diary study. The subjects reported GI symptoms using the validated Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale-IBS (GSRS-IBS). Results: In total, 147 IBS subjects (116 females) were included in this study. The median (IQR) intake of gluten was 11.0 (7.5-15.4) (range: 0.6-52.1) g/day, and this intake was significantly higher for males (16.2 (11.5-18.8), g/day) compared with females (10.3 (7.3-13.2), g/day) (P < 0.001). For analyses purposes, the subjects were stratified in tertiles of gluten intake. Median (IQR) overall GI symptom severity (GSRS-IBS) was significantly worse for the subjects with the lowest (52 (45-57)) and intermediate gluten intake (51 (43-58)), compared with the highest gluten intake (45 (37-50), P < 0.05, and P < 0.01 respectively). In addition, caloric intake was significantly lower in subjects with the lowest (1905 +/- 446, kcal/day) and intermediate gluten intake (1854 +/- 432, kcal/day), compared with subjects with the highest gluten intake (2305 +/- 411, kcal/day), P < 0.001 for both. Analyses of the stratified fructan tertiles resulted in no significant differences in GSRS-IBS. Conclusions: The mean intake of gluten varies substantially among subjects with IBS, and IBS subjects with more severe GI symptoms have lower intake of gluten and calories. Trial registry: (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov): Registered under Clinical Trial number NCT02970591. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 12. |
- Anderson, Helén, et al.
(author)
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Skapa kundnärvaro i innovationsprocessen
- 2008
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In: Innovationsförmåga. - Malmö : Holmbergs i Malmö AB. - 9789197785204 ; , s. 40-59
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1981-
(author)
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In case of emergency : Collaboration exercises at the boundaries between emergency service organizations
- 2016
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Due to the emergent and dynamic nature of incidents, the complexity of emergency work is often referred to as a challenge for learning. Another recurrent challenge in emergency work is that of collaboration at and across established organizational boundaries involving actors with specific types of expertise who are operating under different regulations and responsibilities. In addition, training emergency service organizations in collaboration remains a challenge. In light of the difficulties and shortcomings that have been identified in major incident responses, the need for exercises for developing and maintaining collaborative response effectiveness prior to the next incident is often highlighted. The overall aim of this thesis is to understand how full-scale exercises can provide conditions for developing inter-organizational collaboration between the police, ambulance and rescue services at the incident site. Learning activities that carry the potential to support and develop collaborative capacity, and how the alignment of distributed expertise can be trained for, were of particular interest. Interviews with participants in eight full-scale exercises with professionals and interviews and observations of one exercise with senior-level students in Sweden served as the empirical base.Central concepts from Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) provided theoretical tools to explore the exercises and understand boundaries between organizations with a wider, systemic approach. The empirical studies show that the participants understood full-scale exercises to be valuable opportunities for becoming involved in response work, making decisions, and acting and interacting in uncertain situations and realistic environments. As in real-life responses, exercises are characterized by the stabilization and confirmation of everyday routines on the one hand, and by improvisation and change on the other hand. The studies also show that exercises tend to focus on specific scenarios,intra-organizational routines, and leadership positions. Infrequent exercises inwhich the participants were only trained in a limited role were perceived to be in adequate for developing preparedness and collaboration. However, the analysis suggested that the way in which exercises were organized and performed had implications for how participants were trained in collaboration.Realizing the potential of boundaries as resources for learning in exercises depends on how boundaries are explicated and approached. Thus, rather than striving to ignore or eliminate boundaries in exercises, the studies illustrated the learning value of explicitly reflecting on the multiple understandings around boundaries. The studies demonstrated that much of the work at an incident site takes place around negotiations. Collaboration at the incident site was not only aquestion about boundary crossing; operational tasks may not always be aligned and have to be prioritized and sequenced. The exercises comprised work situations in which no single motive could explain or determine the collaboration,due to different types of expertise, primary responsibilities and needs forinformation. These factors were understood in terms of the concepts of boundarywork and boundary awareness. These concepts point at a more divergent understanding of collaboration that reaches beyond striving to create mutual understanding between organizations in learning activities. Differences between organizations, such as in terminology, time horizons, priorities, leadership structures, understandings of safety and how intra-organizational decisions and actions could impact the collaborating organizations' work, were central triggers for discussion and negotiation. These differences required explanations in order to make the actions and decisions of one organization understandable and justifiable to another, based on organizational mandates and types of expertise.Giving emergency services the opportunity to work together, to develop an awareness of their expectations of each other in various situations, to use and interpret their own and others' terminologies, and to identify internal hierarchies and motives for prioritizations was essential dimensions of exercises
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Annika, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Making collaboration work : Developing boundary work and boundary awareness in emergency exercises
- 2017
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In: Journal of Workplace Learning. - 1366-5626 .- 1758-7859. ; 29:4, s. 286-303
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Collaboration in emergency work is challenging on many levels. The unforeseen and temporary nature of incidents presents basic challenges. Another important challenge is boundaries between specialized and autonomous emergency service organizations. We need to know more about how exercises are performed to increase the individuals and organizations preparedness for future joint response work. The aim of this study was to explore how boundary work is carried out at the incident site during exercises, and how boundary awareness is developed based on this boundary work. The analytic focus was on how boundaries were identified, negotiated and managed in the participants work. Empirically, full-scale exercises involving police, ambulance and rescue services and with repetition of practical scenarios and joint-reflection seminars are studied. Much of the work in the exercises was performed within distinct areas of expertise, in accordance with concrete routines, skills and responsibilities. Boundary work was often organized in the form of distribution of labour or creating chains of actions. The exercises shed light on challenges related to other aspects of emergency response,such as a lack of resources, diverging primary responsibilities, time-criticality and hazardous environments. The design allowed participants to explicate boundaries, test and discuss alternative solutions, and to visualize the effects of different solutions as the scenarios were repeated. The boundaries that were identified were often of institutional character, and were also related to the specific scenarios and to the actions taken in the activities. By integrating real-life experiences of collaborative work in the exercise, the exercise gained a certain meaning that was essential for the participants to develop boundary awareness.
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| 15. |
- Arving, Cecilia, et al.
(author)
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Satisfaction, utilisation and perceived benefit of individual psychosocial support for breast cancer patients : A randomised study of nurse versus psychologist interventions
- 2006
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In: Patient Education and Counseling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0738-3991 .- 1873-5134. ; 62:2, s. 235-243
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: In a prospective, randomised study, individual psychosocial support performed by: (1) specially trained oncology nurses (INS) or (2) psychologists (IPS) were compared with respect to utilisation, satisfaction and perceived benefit. Methods: Between December 1997 and December 1999, consecutive breast cancer patients (n = 120) were included at start of adjuvant therapy (chemo-, endocrine and/or loco-regional radiotherapy). Data were collected by an extended version of the 'IPS-patient satisfaction questionnaire' within I week after termination of the support intervention. Questionnaires were also mailed to all patients 6, 12 and 18-24 months after inclusion. Levels of distress were collected with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Impact of Event Scale (IES) questionnaires. Results: The patients were highly satisfied with the individual psychosocial support intervention they received, irrespective of which profession provided the support. However, the patients in the INS group reported higher levels of benefit regarding disease-related problems, regardless if the patients at baseline reported low or high levels of distress. Conclusions: Patients were highly satisfied with an individual psychosocial support intervention. In areas dealing with somatic aspects, the group intervened by nurses were more satisfied than the one by psychologists. Practice implications: Individual psychosocial support by specially trained nurses is a realistic alternative in routine cancer care.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Berg, Hanna, et al.
(author)
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Online product size perceptions : Examining liquid volume size perceptions based on online product pictures
- 2021
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In: Journal of Business Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0148-2963 .- 1873-7978. ; 122, s. 192-203
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study examines consumers' liquid volume size perceptions based on standardized product pictures in online stores. Four empirical studies compare liquid volume size perceptions for the same products when displayed online and offline. The findings indicate that size perceptions require more effort online than they do offline and that the online display decreases the accuracy of the size perceptions. Online size perceptions require more effort in terms of time and visual attention, as consumers need to study product labels to determine product sizes. The study also introduces a new visual bias to consumer research: the familiar size bias. A consideration of this bias reveals that consumer size perceptions are less accurate online, where consumers tend to overestimate the sizes of small products and underestimate the sizes of large products.
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| 21. |
- Berg, Hanna, et al.
(author)
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Spreading joy : examining the effects of smiling models on consumer joy and attitudes
- 2015
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In: Journal of Consumer Marketing. - : Emerald. - 0736-3761 .- 2052-1200. ; 32:6, s. 459-469
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine consumer response to pictures of smiling models in marketing, focusing on the roles of emotional contagion from the smiling models and the perceived typicality of marketing with smiling models. Design/methodology/approach - This paper reports the findings from three experimental studies, comparing consumer response to two versions of an advertisement (Study 1) and a packaging design (Study 2 and 3), including either a picture of a smiling or a non-smiling model. To measure consumer response, a combination of self-report questionnaires and eye-tracking methodology was used. Findings - The pictures of smiling models produced more consumer joy and more positive attitudes for the marketing. The positive effects on attitudes were mediated by consumer joy, and the effects on consumer joy were mediated by the perceived typicality of the marketing with smiling models. Originality/value - Despite the ubiquity of photos of smiling faces in marketing, very few studies have isolated the effects of the smile appeal on consumer response to marketing objects. By comparing marketing where the same model is shown smiling or with a neutral facial expression, the positive effects were isolated. The roles of emotional contagion and perceived typicality in this mechanism were also examined and implications of the findings for research and practitioners are discussed.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Carlson, Annika
(author)
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Electrochemical properties of alternative polymer electrolytes in fuel cells
- 2019
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Fuel cells, using hydrogen as energy carrier, allow chemically‑stored energy to be utilized for many applications, including balancing the electrical grid and the propulsion of vehicles. To make the fuel cell technology more accessible and promote a sustainable energy society, this thesis focuses on alternative polymer electrolytes, as they can potentially lead to a lower cost and a more environmentally‑friendly fuel cell. The main subject is anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), for which the importance of gas diffusion electrode morphology and platinum electrode reactions are investigated. Properties of the membrane such as water flux during operation are evaluated. Furthermore, novel polymer electrolytes are studied: variations of poly(phenylene oxide)‑based membranes in AEMFCs; and cellulose‑based membranes in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The AEMFC results show that the performance is dependent on the electrode morphology. Electrochemical experiments in a hydrogen/hydrogen cell combined with modelling show that the hydrogen oxidation reaction proceeds through the Tafel‑Volmer reaction pathway on platinum. Application of the model in a hydrogen/oxygen cell shows that the cathode has the slowest reaction rate. During operation, the water flux through the membrane is directed from the anode where water is produced to the cathode where it is consumed. This leads to an increase in water content at both electrodes, which implies that electrode flooding is more likely than dry‑out during operation. The effect of membrane thickness on water flux is shown to be larger than the effect of polymer structure for several different types of poly(phenylene oxide)‑based membranes. The comparison of these polymers also indicates that a high conductivity, for the relative humidity achieved in a fuel cell, promotes increased performance. Finally, the study of cellulose-based membranes in a PEMFC shows that cellulose as a renewable, natural polymer has promising properties, such as stable conductivity for relative humidities above 65 % and a low gas permeability.
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| 26. |
- Carlson, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Electrode parameters and operating conditions influencing the performance of anion exchange membrane fuel cells
- 2018
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In: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 277, s. 151-160
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A deeper understanding of porous electrode preparation and performance losses is necessary to advance the anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC) technology. This study has investigated the performance losses at 50 °C for varied: Tokuyama AS-4 ionomer content in the catalyst layer, Pt/C loading and catalyst layer thickness at the anode and cathode, relative humidity, and anode catalyst. The prepared gas diffusion electrodes in the interval of ionomer-to-Pt/C weight ratio of 0.4–0.8 or 29–44 wt% ionomer content show the highest performance. Varying the loading and catalyst layer thickness simultaneously shows that both the cathode and the anode influence the cell performance. The effects of the two electrodes are shown to vary with current density and this is assumed to be due to non-uniform current distribution throughout the electrodes. Further, lowering the relative humidity at the anode and cathode separately shows small performance losses for both electrodes that could be related to lowered ionomer conductivity. Continued studies are needed to optimize, and understand limitations of, each of the two electrodes to obtain improved cell performance.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Carlson, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Fuel cell evaluation of anion exchange membranes based on poly(phenylene oxide) with different cationic group placement
- 2020
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In: Sustainable Energy & Fuels. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2398-4902. ; 4:5, s. 2274-2283
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Four novel poly(phenylene oxide)-based anion exchange membranes were investigated for electrochemical performance, ionic conductivity and water transport properties in an operating anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC), using Pt/C gas diffusion electrodes with Tokuyama ionomer. The poly(phenylene oxide)-membranes have a 1- or 5-carbon alkyl spacer between the backbone and a trimethylalkylammonium (TMA) or piperidinium (Pip) cationic group, and ion-exchange capacities (IECs) between 1.5 and 1.9 mequiv g(-1). The polymer with a 5-carbon alkyl spacer, a TMA cationic group, and a higher IEC showed the highest ion conductivity and performance in the AEMFC. The results also show that introducing a 5-carbon alkyl spacer does not improve performance unless the IEC is increased and that exchanging the TMA with a Pip cationic group results in lower fuel cell performance despite a higher IEC. A discrepancy in ion conductivity between fuel cell and ex situ test was observed for the 5-carbon spacer polymers and is attributed to a higher sensitivity for dehydration. Similar water flux under load, from the anode to the cathode with increased water content at both electrodes, was observed for all membranes and only varied with membrane thickness. The deviation in fuel cell performance observed between the membranes could not be explained by differences in water flux or ionic conduction, suggesting that the electrode-membrane interaction plays a major role. Nevertheless, the study emphasizes that high membrane conductivity (for the lambda-range in a fuel cell) and efficient water transport (obtained by lower membrane thickness) promote higher electrochemical performance.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Carlson, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Kinetic parameters in anion-exchange membrane fuel cells
- 2019
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In: ECS Transactions. - : Electrochemical Society Inc.. - 1938-6737 .- 1938-5862. - 9781607685395 ; , s. 649-659
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Understanding limitations in an operating AEMFC is essential to .enhance the technology. Here the electrode processes are studied experimentally as well as by two physics-based models taking the porosity of the electrodes into account. The aim is to use the models to determine kinetic parameters specific for in-situ operation. The models can also be used to explain the experimental .behavior. From the impedance model of a symmetric H2/H2 cell it is shown that the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) proceeds through the Tafel-Volmer reaction pathway, with the hydrogen adsorption as the slower reaction step. Based on the HOR model a •steady-state model of an O2/H2 cell is used to evaluate data from 14 experimental I-V curves, obtained for different gas partial pressures and catalyst loadings, in order to study the effects of the oxygen reduction reaction and overall cell limitations. The results show that the oxygen reduction reaction kinetics limit the cell performance for low current densities. However, at higher currents the uneven current distribution and locally low hydrogen adsorption at the anode increasingly affect the overall performance. Uneven current distribution is also observed at the cathode and likely caused by insufficient effective ionomer conductivity.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Carlson, Annika, et al.
(author)
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Porous electrode optimization in anion-exchange membrane fuel cells
- 2015
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In: Proceedings of the 6th European Fuel Cell - Piero Lunghi Conference, EFC 2015. - : ENEA. - 9788882863241 ; , s. 221-222
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The performance of anion-exchange membrane fuel cells is highly dependent on electrode preparation. This study has investigated the influence of water content and catalyst to ionomer ratio in the electrode ink on in-situ fuel cell performance and the electrode microstructure using SEM. It has shown that changing the solvent composition affects the electrode properties. Higher water content in ink results in a lower power density. An increase in water content from 40 to 70 vol% shows a 500 mA/cm2 drop in current density. SEM analysis of newly prepared electrodes revealed an observable difference in the microstructure. This indicates that for high water volume the ionomer distribution in the electrode is very uneven. The results also indicate that lower ionomer content in the bulk of the structure lowers the cell performance, which may be explained by limited hydroxide transportation.
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| 33. |
- Carlson, Annika, et al.
(author)
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The Hydrogen Electrode Reaction in the Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
- 2021
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In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 168:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The hydrogen electrode in the anion-exchange membrane fuel cell needs further attention to understand the overall cell limitations. In this study, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanodynamic measurements in combination with a physics-based model are used to determine the kinetic parameters of the hydrogen oxidation reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction on Pt/C porous gas-diffusion electrodes in an AEMFC. Two semicircles are observed in the Nyquist plot of a symmetrical AEM hydrogen cell, indicating a two-step reaction pathway. The fit of the model shows that the Tafel-Volmer pathway describes the kinetics better than the Heyrovsky-Volmer pathway. The reaction rates of the adsorption and charge transfer steps are similar in magnitude implying that both need consideration during modeling and evaluation of the hydrogen electrode. Furthermore, the performance is limited also by the ionic conductivity in the electrode. Comparison of the impedance of the HOR and a hydrogen/oxygen AEMFC indicates that the low-frequency semicircle is mainly associated with the oxygen reduction reaction and the cathode, while the high-frequency semicircle is likely related to a combination of the anode and the cathode. Based on this work, a platform for further studies of losses and total impedance of operating AEMFC has been created.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Carré, Helena, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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High prevalence of anxiety and hazardous alcohol consumption among patients attending an STI-clinic in northern Sweden
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Introduction: Depression and hazardous alcohol consumption is associated to high-risk sexual behaviours among adolescents and young adults. Is the same true among grownups? The impact of anxiety on sexual risk behaviour is not thoroughly investigated. Our aim was to evaluate the correlation between hazardous alcohol consumption, depression and anxiety to sexual risk taking including Chlamydia infections, among patients attending an STI reception. Method: Patients attending an urban STI reception in Sweden were consecutively included and received questionnaires; screening- and demographic information, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD). All patients also had a test for Chlamydia trachomatis taken. Results: 539 patients were included in the study, mean age 28 years. 152 (30%) had signs of anxiety and 37 (7%) of depression, of which 30 had also anxiety. Neither anxiety nor depression was correlated to sexual risk behaviour. >50% had hazardous alcohol consumption and it was independently linked to sexual risk behaviours and anxiety. Conclusion: Depression is not associated to sexual risk behaviours among adult STI-patients. Health care staff and must consider the high frequency of anxiety and hazardous alcohol consumption at their treatment of STI-clinic patients and in the preventive work. The society must work with lowering the stigmatization that still seems to be connected to STIs.
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| 36. |
- Dunér, Fredrik, et al.
(author)
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Permeability, ultrastructural changes, and distribution of novel proteins in the glomerular barrier in early puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis.
- 2010
-
In: Nephron. Experimental nephrology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1660-2129. ; 116:2
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND/AIMS: It is still unclear what happens in the glomerulus when proteinuria starts. Using puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis (PAN) rats, we studied early ultrastructural and permeability changes in relation to the expression of the podocyte-associated molecules nephrin, α-actinin, dendrin, and plekhh2, the last two of which were only recently discovered in podocytes. METHODS: Using immune stainings, semiquantitative measurement was performed under the electron microscope. Permeability was assessed using isolated kidney perfusion with tracers. Possible effects of ACE inhibition were tested. RESULTS: By day 2, some patchy foot process effacement, but no proteinuria, appeared. The amount of nephrin was reduced in both diseased and normal areas. The other proteins showed few changes, which were limited to diseased areas. By day 4, foot process effacement was complete and proteinuria appeared in parallel with signs of size barrier damage. Nephrin decreased further, while dendrin and plekhh2 also decreased but α-actinin remained unchanged. ACE inhibition had no significant protective effect. CONCLUSIONS: PAN glomeruli already showed significant pathology by day 4, despite relatively mild proteinuria. This was preceded by altered nephrin expression, supporting its pivotal role in podocyte morphology. The novel proteins dendrin and plekhh2 were both reduced, suggesting roles in PAN, whereas α-actinin was unchanged.
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| 37. |
- Eriksson, Björn, et al.
(author)
-
Quantifying water transport in anion exchange membrane fuel cells
- 2019
-
In: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 44:10, s. 4930-4939
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sufficient water transport through the membrane is necessary for a well-performing anion exchange membrane fuel cell (AEMFC). In this study, the water flux through a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), using a Tokuyama A201 membrane, is quantified using humidity sensors at the in- and outlet on both sides of the MEA. Experiments performed in humidified inert gas at both sides of the MEA or with liquid water at one side shows that the aggregation state of water has a large impact on the transport properties. The water fluxes are shown to be approximately three times larger for a membrane in contact with liquid water compared to vaporous. Further, the flux during fuel cell operation is investigated and shows that the transport rate of water in the membrane is affected by an applied current. The water vapor content increases on both the anode and cathode side of the AEMFC for all investigated current densities. Through modeling, an apparent water drag coefficient is determined to −0.64, indicating that the current-induced transport of water occurs in the opposite direction to the transport of hydroxide ions. These results implicate that flooding, on one or both electrodes, is a larger concern than dry-out in an AEMFC.
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| 38. |
- Fredricsson, Malin, et al.
(author)
-
Nationell luftövervakning Sakrapport med data från övervakning inom Programområde Luft t.o.m 2019
- 2021
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Naturvårdsverket ansvarar för den nationella luftövervakningen i bakgrundsmiljö i Sverige. I rapporten redovisas resultat från verksamheten inom Programområde Luft avseende mätningar (genomförda av IVL, SU, SLU och SMHI) till och med 2019 och regionala modellberäkningar (utförda av SMHI) till och med 2018.För flertalet av de luftföroreningskomponenter som övervakas inom den nationella miljöövervakningen har det, sedan mätningarna startade för mellan 20 och 40 år sedan, generellt sett skett en avsevärd förbättring avseende såväl halter i luft som deposition i bakgrundsmiljö. Utvecklingen har dock varierat i något olika utsträckning beroende på komponenter och lokalisering i landet. Föroreningsbelastningen är oftast lägre ju längre norrut i landet man kommer.För de flesta ämnen som det finns miljökvalitetsnormer (MKN) respektive miljömål för ligger halterna i regional bakgrund avsevärt lägre än angivna gräns- och målvärden. Halterna av ozon överskrider dock i dagsläget (2019) MKN för hälsa.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Grimler, Henrik, et al.
(author)
-
Determination of Kinetic Parameters for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Platinum in an AEMFC
- 2021
-
In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 168:12, s. 124501-
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- To promote the development of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFC), an understanding of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics in porous gas diffusion electrodes is essential. In this work, experimental polarisation curves for electrodes with different platinum catalyst loadings and oxygen partial pressures at the cathode are fitted to a physics-based porous electrode model in the voltage range from open circuit voltage (OCV) to 0.7 V. Polarisation curves measured with different anode catalyst loadings, and hydrogen partial pressures, were used to verify the model. The reactions are described using a two-step Tafel-Volmer pathway at the anode and concentration-dependent Butler-Volmer kinetics at the cathode. A good fit to experimental data in the kinetic region is obtained with an exchange current density of 1.0.10(-8)Acm(-2), a first order dependency on oxygen partial pressure, and a charge transfer coefficient of 0.8 for the ORR. For lower oxygen partial pressure, hydrogen crossover is needed to explain the downward shift of the polarisation curves in the kinetic region. In the experimental data, the polarisation curves show an apparent limiting current density at lower hydrogen partial pressures, explained by the lower rate of the Tafel step at these conditions.
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| 41. |
- Guccini, Valentina, et al.
(author)
-
Highly proton conductive membranes based on carboxylated cellulose nanofibres and their performance in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
- 2019
-
In: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 7:43, s. 25032-25039
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The performance of thin carboxylated cellulose nanofiber-based (CNF) membranes as proton exchange membranes in fuel cells has been measured in situ as a function of CNF surface charge density (600 and 1550 μmol g−1), counterion (H+ or Na+), membrane thickness and fuel cell relative humidity (RH 55 to 95%). The structural evolution of the membranes as a function of RH, as measured by Small Angle X-ray Scattering, shows that water channels are formed only above 75% RH. The amount of absorbed water was shown to depend on the membrane surface charge and counter ions (H+ or Na+). The high affinity of CNF for water and the high aspect ratio of the nanofibers, together with a well-defined and homogenous membrane structure, ensures a proton conductivity exceeding 1 mS cm−1 at 30 °C between 65 and 95% RH. This is two orders of magnitude larger than previously reported values for cellulose materials and only one order of magnitude lower than Nafion 212. Moreover, the CNF membranes are characterized by a lower hydrogen crossover than Nafion, despite being ≈30% thinner. Thanks to their environmental compatibility and promising fuel cell performance the CNF membranes should be considered for new generation proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Guccini, Valentina, et al.
(author)
-
Highly proton conductive membranes based on carboxylated cellulose nanofibres and their performance in proton exchange membrane fuel cells
- 2019
-
In: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 7:43, s. 25032-25039
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The performance of thin carboxylated cellulose nanofiber-based (CNF) membranes as proton exchange membranes in fuel cells has been measured in situ as a function of CNF surface charge density (600 and 1550 mu mol g(-1)), counterion (H+ or Na+), membrane thickness and fuel cell relative humidity (RH 55 to 95%). The structural evolution of the membranes as a function of RH, as measured by Small Angle X-ray Scattering, shows that water channels are formed only above 75% RH. The amount of absorbed water was shown to depend on the membrane surface charge and counter ions (H+ or Na+). The high affinity of CNF for water and the high aspect ratio of the nanofibers, together with a well-defined and homogenous membrane structure, ensures a proton conductivity exceeding 1 mS cm(-1) at 30 degrees C between 65 and 95% RH. This is two orders of magnitude larger than previously reported values for cellulose materials and only one order of magnitude lower than Nafion 212. Moreover, the CNF membranes are characterized by a lower hydrogen crossover than Nafion, despite being approximate to 30% thinner. Thanks to their environmental compatibility and promising fuel cell performance the CNF membranes should be considered for new generation proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
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| 44. |
- Gärdenfors, Peter, et al.
(author)
-
Understanding by experiencing patterns
- 2008
-
In: A Smorgasbord of Cognitive Science. - 9789157805324
-
Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- This chapter focuses on the cognitive and emotional mechanisms of understanding. We propose that understanding consists in seeing or, more generally, experiencing a pattern. Patterns can be experienced by all sensory modalities and in abstract thinking, but here the focus is primarily on the visual modality. We discuss how understanding by experiencing patterns can be achieved in learning processes. The goal of education should be that students understand the material they study. We propose that this is achieved by helping them to discover patterns that they cannot find on their own. We also highlight the role of emotions in understanding, especially the subjective experience of an aha-feeling, which occurs when a pattern suddenly falls into place. Finally, we present some educational techniques such as visualizations, simulations, and intelligent tutoring systems that can be used for pointing out salient features in a pattern.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Haglind, Therése
(author)
-
Digitalisering av gymnasieskolans verksamhet : tillgång och användning
- 2015
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Skolan är en del av samhället och den digitala utvecklingen ger upphov till både möjligheter och utmaningar för skolans verksamhet. Denna licentiatuppsats handlar om digitaliseringen av svensk gymnasieskola och tar sin utgångspunkt i en verksamhet där tillgången till digitala verktyg på flera sätt är tillgodosedd. Syftet med detta arbete att undersöka användningen av digitala verktyg för skolarbete, samt förutsättningar för denna användning, i en miljö med god tillgång till digitala teknologiska resurser och en utbyggd infrastruktur. Tre forskningsfrågor är i fokus: (1) Hur ser användningen av skoldatorer och mobiltelefoner ut för skolarbete, både inom och utanför skolan? (2) Vad är elevernas och lärarnas uppfattning om digitala verktyg och deras användbarhet för pedagogiska syften? och (3) Vilka funktioner har skolans lärplattform i lärares gemensamma lektionsplanering? Forskningen har bedrivits nära praktiken och datainsamlingen har genomförts på två 1:1 gymnasieskolor i en medelstor stad i Sverige. Elevenkäter, enskilda lärarintervjuer, grupputvärdering med lärare och loggning av lärares aktivitet på LMS:et har genomförts under åren 2013-2015. Arbetet utgår ifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv och grundtankar är att lärandet är socialt och sker i interaktion med andra och omvärlden (Sutherland et al., 2009; Säljö, 2014). Delstudie 1 handlar om elevers användning av skoldatorn och den egna privata mobiltelefonen (Haglind, 2014c). Texten baseras på enkätundersökningar och fokusgruppintervjuer med elever genomförda på två 1:1 gymnasieskolor 2013. Delstudie 2 undersöker elevers uppfattningar om mobiltelefonen som ett verktyg för skolarbete. Texten baseras på en enkätundersökning genomförd 2014 (Ott, Haglind & Lindström, 2014). Delstudie 3 undersöker relationen mellan elevers tillgång och användning av digitala verktyg för skolarbete (Haglind, Godhe & Lindström, 2015) och delstudie 4 fokuserar på användningen av ett LMS under ett kollegialt samarbete samt hur detta samarbete har uppfattats (Haglind, 2015). Delstudie 3 bygger på material från fokusgruppintervjuer, två enkätundersökningar och lärarintervjuer. Delstudie 4 använder material från lärarintervjuer, muntlig grupputvärdering med lärare och loggad LMS-aktivitet. Resultaten i delstudierna visar att digitaliseringen av gymnasieskolan är en komplex fråga där flera faktorer spelar roll. Trots god tillgång till digitala verktyg i skolmiljön så är användningen relativt låg och det finns en skillnad mellan elever ifråga om både användning av och uppfattning om digitala verktyg i skolan. Vidare indikerar resultaten att eleverna på de högskoleförberedande programmen har en annan uppfattning om digitala verktyg som redskap för skolarbete än elever på yrkesförberedande program samt att elever därmed ges olika förutsättningar att bemästra IKT för att lära baserat på programinriktning. Resultaten visar att eleverna i hög uträckning tar med sig sina privata mobiltelefoner till skolan. En del elever använder dessa för skolarbete både i skolan och hemma, men majoriteten av eleverna gör det inte utan identifierar både hinder och begränsningar med att använda mobiltelefonen för skolarbete. Dessa resultat tyder på att mobiltelefonen inte utmanar de etablerade verktygen för skolarbete eftersom den inte i någon större utsträckning används för skolarbete. Men det finns elever som använder mobiltelefonen och datorn för att utföra olika typer av uppgifter. De använder till exempel mobiltelefonen för att översätta ord och kommunicera med sms och datorn för att exempelvis skriva texter och anteckna (Ott, Haglind & Lindström, 2014). Dessa resultat indikerar att en del elever använder de olika digitala verktygen för olika ändamål och att de på eget initiativ kan välja bland de tillgängliga digitala verktygen. Delstudie 4 visar att LMS får olika funktioner i lärares gemensamma undervisningsplanering. Förutom att vara en plats att dela och förvara material så visar studien att LMS skapar lärtillfällen för lärarna när de på egen hand ”bläddrar” igenom materialet för att se vilket material de kan använda sig av; det blir det ett tillfälle för reflektion över både sin egen och andras undervisning (Haglind, 2015). Generellt sett är tillgången till digitala verktyg hög i svensk gymnasieskola, men resultaten visar att det finns ett glapp mellan tillgång och användning. Det räcker därmed inte att undersöka tillgång utan andra faktorer såsom elever och lärares uppfattningar om digitala verktyg är viktiga att undersöka och förhålla sig till. Detta arbete visar också vikten av det kollegiala samarbetet och en central fråga här är vilka stödstrukturer som blir viktiga i den digitaliserade skolan. Avslutningsvis så betonas här att det behövs bedrivas vidare forskning om gymnasieskolans digitalisering, med fördel genom studier där den beprövade erfarenheten ges möjlighet att grundas i vetenskap.
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| 47. |
- Hardell, Lennart, et al.
(author)
-
Adipose Tissue Concentrations of Dioxins and Dibenzofurans, Titers of Antibodies to Epstein–Barr Virus Early Antigen and the Risk for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
- 2001
-
In: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-9351. ; 87:2, s. 99-107
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A rapid increase in the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has been reported in many countries. Exposure to certain pesticides or organochlorines has been shown to be a risk factor. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus that has been associated with some subgroups of NHL, such as Burkitt lymphoma and lymphomas related to severe immunosuppression. In this study we measured concentrations of dioxins and dibenzofurans in 33 NHL cases and 39 surgical controls. For 23 of the cases and 32 of the controls EBV titers were also available. Median titer of antibodies to EBV early antigen (EA) IgG was higher in patients than in controls. Concentrations of dioxins and dibenzofurans were divided into two groups according to the median concentration for the controls. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed adjusting for sex, age, and body mass index. For several higher chlorinated congeners increased risk was found for patients in the high-concentration and high-titer group. For toxic equivalency factor >27.79 and EA>80 an odds ratio of 2.8 with 95% confidence interval 0.52–18 was calculated. These results indicated that current exposure to certain organochlorines in combination with EBV might increase the risk for NHL.
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| 48. |
- Hedman, Håkan, et al.
(author)
-
LRIG2 in contrast to LRIG1 predicts poor survival in early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix
- 2010
-
In: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 49:6, s. 812-815
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The human leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG) protein family comprises LRIG1, 2, and 3. LRIG1 negatively regulates growth factor signaling and is a proposed tumor suppressor. In early stage uterine cervical carcinoma, expression of LRIG1 is associated with good survival. Less is known about the function and expression of LRIG2; it has not been studied in cervical carcinoma, previously. MATERIALS AND METHODS: LRIG2 expression was studied by immunohistochemistry in 129 uterine cervical squamous cell carcinomas and 36 uterine cervical adenocarcinomas. Possible associations between LRIG2 immunoreactivity and patient survival were evaluated. RESULTS: In early-stage squamous cell carcinoma (stages IB-IIB), high expression of LRIG2 was associated with poor survival (Kaplan-Meier, log-rank, p=0.02). The 10-year survival rate for patients with high expression of LRIG2 was 60%, compared to 87% in patients with low expression (odds ratio 0.22, 95% CI 0.07-0.64). In multivariate analysis including the previously studied tumor suppressor LRIG1 and clinical stage, LRIG2 emerged as an independent prognostic factor (odds ratio 0.22, 95% CI 0.09-0.50). For patients with both high expression of LRIG2 and low expression of LRIG1, the 10-year survival rate was only 26% compared to 66% for the remaining study population. There was no correlation between LRIG2 expression and prognosis in the limited adenocarcinoma series. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: LRIG2 appears to be a significant predictor of poor prognosis in early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. A combination of high LRIG2 expression and low LRIG1 expression identified women with a very poor prognosis.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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