| 1. |
- Collin, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Salivary biomarkers in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and healthy age-matched controls : a prospective observational study.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monitoring the immune system's regulation and signaling using saliva could be of interest for clinicians and researchers. Saliva, a biofluid with close exchange with serum, is influenced by circadian variance and oral factors such as masticatory function. This study investigated the detectability and concentration of cytokines and chemokines in saliva in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) as well as saliva flow and the influence of orofacial pain on saliva flow. Of the 60 participants (7-14 years old) enrolled, 30 had a diagnosis of JIA and active disease, and 30 were sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Demographic data and three validated questions regarding presence of orofacial pain and dysfunction were recorded. Stimulated whole saliva was collected and analyzed using a customized R&D bead-based immunoassay with 21 targeted biomarkers. Fourteen of these were detectable and showed similar levels in both children with JIA and controls: TNF-alpha, TNFRSF1B, MMP-2, MMP-3, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6R alpha, IL-8, S100A8, CCL2, CCL3, IL-10, CCL11, and CXCL9. In addition, there was no difference in salivary flow rate between groups, but there was an association between orofacial pain and reduced saliva flow rate for both groups.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol id: 2010/2089-31/2.
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| 2. |
- Engelmark, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Polymorphisms in 9q32 and TSCOT are linked to cervical cancer in affected sib-pairs with high mean age at diagnosis
- 2008
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Ingår i: Human Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-6717 .- 1432-1203. ; 123:5, s. 437-443
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cervical cancer is a multifactorial disease influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. We have previously found linkage to 9q32 in a genomewide scan of affected sib-pairs (ASPs) with cervical cancer and to the thymic stromal co-transporter (TSCOT), a candidate gene in this region. Here we examined the contribution of 9q32 and TSCOT to cervical cancer susceptibility using at larger material of 641 ASPs, 278 of which were included in the earlier genome-scan. Since heritable forms of cancer frequently show stronger genetic effects in families with early onset of disease, we stratified the ASPs into two groups based on mean age at diagnosis (MAAD) within sib-pairs. Surprisingly, ASPs with high MAAD (30.5-47.5 years) showed increased sharing at all microsatellite markers at 9q31.1-33.1 and linkage signals of up to MLS = 2.74 for TSCOT SNPs, while ASPs with low MAAD (19-30 years) showed no deviation from random genetic sharing (MLS = 0.00). The difference in allelic sharing between the two MAAD strata was significant (P < 0.005) and is not likely to be explained by the HLA haplotype, a previously known genetic susceptibility factor for cervical cancer. Our results indicate locus heterogeneity in the susceptibility to cervical cancer between the two strata, with polymorphisms in the 9q32 region mainly showing an effect in women with high MAAD.
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| 3. |
- Engelmark, Malin T., et al.
(författare)
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Identification of susceptibility loci for cervical carcinoma by genome scan of affected sib-pairs
- 2006
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 15:22, s. 3351-3360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cervical cancer is caused by a combination of environmental and genetic risk factors. Infection by oncogenic types of human papillomavirus is recognized as the major environmental risk factor and epidemiological studies indicate that host genetic factors predispose to disease development. A number of genetic susceptibility factors have been proposed, but with exception of the human leukocyte antigen CHLA, class II, have not shown consistent results among studies. We have performed the first genomewide linkage scan using 278 affected sib-pairs to identify loci involved in susceptibility to cervical cancer. A two-step qualitative non-parametric linkage analysis using 387 microsatellites with an average spacing of 10.5 cM revealed excess allelic sharing at nine regions on eight chromosomes. These regions were further analysed with 125 markers to increase the map density to 1.28 cM. Nominal significant linkage was found for three of the nine loci [9q32 (maximum lod-score, MLS) =1.95, P < 0.002), 12q24 (MLS=1.25, P < 0.015) and 16q24 (MLS=1.35, P < 0.012)]. These three regions have previously been connected to human cancers that share characteristics with cervical carcinoma, such as esophageal cancer and Hodgkin's lymphoma. A number of candidate genes involved in defence against viral infections, immune response and tumour suppression are found in these regions. One such gene is the thymic stromal co-transporter (TSCOT). Analyses of TSCOT single nucleotide polymorphisms further strengthen the linkage to this region (MLS=2.40, P < 0.001). We propose that the 9q32 region contains susceptibility locus for cervical cancer and that TSCOT is a candidate gene potentially involved in the genetic predisposition to this disease.
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| 4. |
- Helenius, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Contrast enhancement in bladder tumors examined with CT urography using traditional scan phases
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 55:9, s. 1129-1136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Bladder assessment in an early contrast-enhancing computed tomography urography (CTU) phase requires that bladder tumors be enhanced using contrast material.PURPOSE:To investigate the enhancement pattern in bladder tumors using a CTU protocol where the scan is enhancement triggered.MATERIAL AND METHODS:Fifty patients diagnosed with bladder cancer were examined during the unenhanced (UP), corticomedullary (CMP), and excretory phases (EP). Twenty-one patients, all aged 50 years or older, were also examined during the nephrographic phase (NP). A ROI placed in the aorta was used to start the scan during the CMP when the attenuation reached 200 Hounsfield units (HU). The NP and EP were started with a 40 s and 300 s delay, respectively, after the CMP was finished. Attenuation and size measurements were made in the axial plane.RESULTS:Mean contrast enhancement of bladder tumors was 37, 25, and 17 HU in the CMP, NP, and EP, respectively. The differences in contrast enhancement were significant across all three phases. Eighty-eight percent of patients showed the highest contrast enhancement in the CMP. In 96% of the cases, contrast enhancement >20 HU was seen. The mean value of the shortest dimension of the bladder tumors was 22 ± 12 mm.CONCLUSION:The contrast enhancement is significantly higher in the CMP than in the NP and EP, suggesting that the CMP is preferable when assessing the bladder in the early contrast enhancing phase.
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| 5. |
- Leksell, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived Oral Health and Care of Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis : A Qualitative Study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache. - : Quintessence Publishing. - 2333-0384 .- 2333-0376. ; 29:3, s. 223-230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To increase knowledge about how children diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) perceive their oral health and dental care. Methods: Fifteen interviews with children diagnosed with JIA, aged 6 to 16 years, were analyzed according to classical grounded theory. Results: The children's main concern about their oral health was identified as creating a positive identity after being diagnosed with JIA and learning to live with oral health problems. While attempting to cope with this concern, the children often endured in silence, the core category in the analysis. A variety of aspects were found of this core coping strategy, which were categorized as differentiating from the disease, working on personal caretaking and positive attitude, fighting fears and sadness, control of professional aid, and building supportive relationships. The results emphasize the importance for caregivers to show empathy and interest in the child as a person, to ask precise questions when taking case histories so the child does not remain silent, to provide psychosocial support and suggest positive coping strategies, to describe and administer treatments, and to give hope for the future. Conclusion: Awareness of the social interaction between a child diagnosed with JIA and health professionals as well as awareness of how to approach a child with longstanding illness are crucial for disclosing and treating the child's orofacial symptoms.
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| 6. |
- Ljungberg, Adina, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of quality of urinary bladder filling in CT urography with different doses of furosemide in the work-up of patients with macroscopic hematuria
- 2021
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Ingår i: Radiography. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-8174 .- 1532-2831. ; 27:1, s. 136-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: The protocol for preparation of computed tomography urography (CTU) examinations at our hospital was changed in 2013 to improve the quality of urinary bladder filling in the excretory phase. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of urinary bladder filling on CTU after different doses of furosemide were administered to patients with macroscopic hematuria.METHODS: The cohort was 215 patients who underwent elective CTU due to macroscopic hematuria between 2014 and 2018. 5 mg furosemide were administrated to 100 patients, 2.5 mg to 100 patients and 0 mg to 15 patients. Contrast medium layered bladders were excluded, leaving 193 patients: 92, 89 and 12 in each group. Urinary bladder volume was calculated in corticomedullary (CMP) and excretory phase (EP). Bladder distension was classified as satisfactory or not. Attenuation of bladder content in EP was noted.RESULTS: Average volume in EP was 370 ± 224 ml (28-1052) after 5 mg furosemide, 274 ± 120 ml (43-628) after 2.5 mg and 180 ± 104 ml (53-351) after 0 mg. 85% of the bladders were satisfactory distended after 5 mg, 80% after 2.5 mg and 58% after 0 mg. Average attenuation was 266 ± 89 HU (103-524) after 5 mg, 362 ± 156 HU (118-948) after 2.5 mg and 761 ± 331 HU (347-1206) after 0 mg. The differences in volume and attenuation were significant.CONCLUSION: 5 mg furosemide is preferred rather than 2.5 mg in preparation for CTU examinations of patients with macroscopic hematuria. There was no difference between the doses concerning rate of satisfactory bladder distension, but the higher dose resulted in larger bladder volume and more suitable attenuation of bladder content.IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Development of CTU-image quality could improve bladder cancer diagnostics.
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| 7. |
- Magnusson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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A description of a contemporary human skull material in respect of age, gender, temporomandibular joint changes, and some dental variables
- 2008
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Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 32:2, s. 69-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Controversy exists concerning the etiological factors behind degenerative changes in the temporomandibularjoints (TMJs). Occlusal factors, ageing, gender and genetics are some factors that have been discussed.The aim of the present study was to examine a contemporary human skull material in respect of gender, age, occlusal variables and form and surface changes in the temporomandibular joints.The material consisted of 259 human skulls, 170 males and 89 females, with an age range of 18-100 years.The over all dental status was poor, and 22% were edentulous. Both medio-lateral and antero-posterior dimensions as well as anterior and superior shape of the condyles were in good agreement with previous results. Form and surface changes of both the condyles and the temporal components were, however, more common in the present material compared to most previous studies. Men had on average more degenerative changes in the TMJs compared to women. In agreement with many previous studies, there was an increase of such changes with increasing age. Severe tooth attrition was a common finding, especially in men, but no correlation was found between this variable and the severity of degenerative changes in the TMJs. Abfractions were found in only 3 cases. Considering the common finding of severe tooth attrition,the rare occurrence of abfractions does not lend support to the hypothesis that abfractions are mainly caused by occlusal loading. In conclusion: Condylar dimensions and shape of the condyles were in good agreement with previously presented results. Severe tooth attrition and pronounced degenerative changes in the TMJs were common findings but no statistically significant association was found between these two variables.
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| 8. |
- Ali, Abukar, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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CTLA4-Ig but not anti-TNF therapy promotes staphylococcal septic arthritis in mice.
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Journal of infectious diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1537-6613 .- 0022-1899. ; 212:8, s. 1308-1316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of biologics has greatly increased the quality of life as well as the life expectancy of many RA patients. However, a large number of these patients are at an increased risk of developing serious infections. The aim of this study was to examine differential effects of anti-TNF versus CTLA4-Ig treatment on both immunological response and host defense in a murine model of septic arthritis.
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| 9. |
- Ali, Abukar, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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IL-1 Receptor Antagonist Treatment Aggravates Staphylococcal Septic Arthritis and Sepsis in Mice.
- 2015
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Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 10:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is the primary therapy against autoinflammatory syndromes with robust efficacy in reducing systemic inflammation and associated organ injury. However, patients receiving IL-1Ra might be at increased risk of acquiring serious infections.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Araghi, Marzieh, et al.
(författare)
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Use of moist oral snuff (snus) and pancreatic cancer : Pooled analysis of nine prospective observational studies
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 141:4, s. 687-693
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While smoking is a well-established risk factor for pancreatic cancer, the effect of smokeless tobacco is less well understood. We used pooled individual data from the Swedish Collaboration on Health Effects of Snus Use to assess the association between Swedish snus use and the risk of pancreatic cancer. A total of 424,152 male participants from nine cohort studies were followed up for risk of pancreatic cancer through linkage to health registers. We used shared frailty models with random effects at the study level, to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for confounding factors. During 9,276,054 person-years of observation, 1,447 men developed pancreatic cancer. Compared to never-snus use, current snus use was not associated with risk of pancreatic cancer (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.83-1.11) after adjustment for smoking. Swedish snus use does not appear to be implicated in the development of pancreatic cancer in men. Tobacco smoke constituents other than nicotine or its metabolites may account for the relationship between smoking and pancreatic cancer. What's new? While smoking is a well-established risk factor for pancreatic cancer, the effect of smokeless tobacco is less well understood. Smokeless tobacco like snus yields lower exposure to tobacco carcinogens compared with smoking, because it does not undergo combustion, but delivers an equivalent dose of nicotine. Using pooled individual data from the Swedish Collaboration on Health Effects of Snus Use, here the authors show that Swedish snus use does not appear to be implicated in the development of pancreatic cancer in men. Tobacco smoke constituents other than nicotine or its metabolites may account for the relationship between smoking and pancreatic cancer.
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| 13. |
- Barjandi, Golnaz, et al.
(författare)
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Comorbid Conditions in Temporomandibular Disorders Myalgia and Myofascial Pain Compared to Fibromyalgia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 10:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The impact of comorbidities in fibromyalgia (FM) and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) have been well documented, but whether TMD sub-diagnoses myalgia (MYA) and myofascial pain with referral (MFP) differ regarding comorbidity is unclear. We aimed to elucidate this by studying the presence and associations of comorbidities in FM, MFP and MYA. An extended version of the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD axis II questionnaire was used to examine demographics, pain and comorbidities in 81 patients with FM, 80 with MYA, and 81 with MFP. Patients with MFP and FM reported a higher percentage of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms, perceived stress, and insomnia compared to MYA. Patients with FM had more IBS, depression, and somatic symptom disorder versus MFP. After adjusting for confounding variables, participants with anxiety, somatic symptoms disorder, pain catastrophizing, and perceived stress, as well as a greater number of comorbidities, were more likely to have MFP than MYA, whereas FM participants were more associated with IBS, somatic symptoms and insomnia compared to MFP. The number of comorbidities was significantly associated with widespread pain but not pain duration, body mass index or being on sick leave. In conclusion, patients with MFP were more similar to those with FM regarding comorbidity and should be differentiated from MYA in clinical settings and pain management.
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| 14. |
- Bellström, Peter, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Canvas som plattform för digitala krisövningar : Några första resultat från en demonstrationsövning
- 2020
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Ingår i: Kursdesign i Canvas. - Karlstad : Karlstads universitet. - 9789178671540 - 9789178671588 ; , s. 11-42
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Övning ger färdighet och det gäller inte bara i traditionell undervisning utan också vid krisledning. Krisledning kännetecknas av att medlemmarna i en krisledningsgrupp ska ansvara för sina respektive verksamhetsområden och genom snabb interaktion och samordning över verksamhetsgränserna mildra effekterna av krisen för organisationen eller samhället som helhet. Det innebär att rollmedvetenhet och kommunikationsförmåga måste tränas för den enskilde så väl som för gruppen som helhet. På gruppnivå är också samverkan och koordinering internt och externt viktigt att öva. Tidigare studier visar att organisationer är intresserade av möjligheten att öva mer via digitala verktyg (Wik et al., 2017). Inom ramen för det till och med 2021 pågående Interregprojektet CriseIT 2 utvecklar vi ett koncept för övningsstöd baserat på lärplattformar. Kapitlet beskriver genom en fallstudie hur en seminarieövning kan genomföras med stöd av lärplattformen Canvas. Data till studien har samlats in genom observationer, enkäter, storgruppsdiskussion och deltagarnas indata till Canvas. Erfarenheter från fallstudien sammanfattas i möjligheter, problem och förbättringsbehov kopplade till Canvas och övningsdesignen, och rekommendationer ges både för krisövning och för undervisning baserad på problematisering och dilemmaövningar i klassrummet.
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| 15. |
- Beskow, Anna H., et al.
(författare)
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Interaction of host and viral risk factors for development of cervical carcinoma in situ
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 117:4, s. 690-692
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Infection by oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is a necessary but not sufficient cause of cervical carcinoma. Several host genetic and viral factors have been reported to increase the risk of carcinoma development given an HPV infection. In our study, we have analysed the contribution of HPV 16 E6 sequence subtype and allelic variation at human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II loci to the risk of developing cervical carcinoma in situ. Non-European-like HPV 16 E6 sequence subtypes were not found to be associated with an increased risk of cervical carcinoma, as compared to European-like variants. However, an association was found between the HPV 16 E6 L83V variant and the DR*04-DQ*03 haplotype. This association has been observed in several independent studies and shows that both the host HLA class II genotype and viral subtype will affect the risk of an infection progressing into cervical carcinoma.
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| 16. |
- Björkqvist, Olle, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
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Faecalibacterium prausnitzii increases following fecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection
- 2021
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PLOS. - 1932-6203. ; 16:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a highly effective treatment for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). However, the fecal transplant's causal components translating into clearance of the CDI are yet to be identified. The commensal bacteria Faecalibacterium prausnitzii may be of great interest in this context, since it is one of the most common species of the healthy gut microbiota and produces metabolites with anti-inflammatory properties. Although there is mounting evidence that F. prausnitzii is an important regulator of intestinal homeostasis, data about its role in CDI and FMT are relatively scarce.METHODS: Stool samples from patients with recurrent CDI were collected to investigate the relative abundance of F. prausnitzii before and after FMT. Twenty-one patients provided fecal samples before the FMT procedure, at 2 weeks post-FMT, and at 2-4 months post-FMT. The relative abundance of F. prausnitzii was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: The abundance of F. prausnitzii was elevated in samples (N = 9) from donors compared to pre-FMT samples (N = 15) from patients (adjusted P<0.001). No significant difference in the abundance of F. prausnitzii between responders (N = 11) and non-responders (N = 4) was found before FMT (P = 0.85). In patients with CDI, the abundance of F. prausnitzii significantly increased in the 2 weeks post-FMT samples (N = 14) compared to the pre-FMT samples (N = 15, adjusted P<0.001). The increase persisted 2-4 months post-FMT (N = 15) compared to pre-FMT samples (N = 15) (adjusted P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: FMT increases the relative abundance of F. prausnitzii in patients with recurrent CDI, and this microbial shift remains several months later. The baseline abundance of F. prausnitzii in donors or recipients was not associated with future treatment response, although a true predictive capacity cannot be excluded because of the limited sample size. Further studies are needed to discern whether F. prausnitzii plays an active role in the resolution of CDI.
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| 17. |
- Carstensen, John, et al.
(författare)
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How does comorbidity influence healthcare costs? A population-based cross-sectional study of depression, back pain and osteoarthritis
- 2012
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 2, s. e000809-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To analyse how comorbidity among patients with back pain, depression and osteoarthritis influences healthcare costs per patient. A special focus was made on the distribution of costs for primary healthcare compared with specialist care, hospital care and drugs.Design Population-based cross-sectional study.Setting The County of Östergötland, Sweden.Patients Data on diagnoses and healthcare costs for all 266 354 individuals between 20 and 75 years of age, who were residents of the County of Östergötland, Sweden, in the year 2006, were extracted from the local healthcare register and the national register of drug prescriptions.Main outcome measures The effects of comorbidity on healthcare costs were estimated as interactions in regression models that also included age, sex, number of other health conditions and education.Results The largest diagnosed group was back pain (11 178 patients) followed by depression (7412 patients) and osteoarthritis (5174 patients). The largest comorbidity subgroup was the combination of back pain and depression (772 patients), followed by the combination of back pain and osteoarthritis (527 patients) and the combination of depression and osteoarthritis (206 patients). For patients having both a depression diagnosis and a back pain diagnosis, there was a significant negative interaction effect on total healthcare costs. The average healthcare costs among patients with depression and back pain was SEK 11 806 lower for a patient with both diagnoses. In this comorbidity group, there were tendencies of a positive interaction for general practitioner visits and negative interactions for all other visits and hospital days. Small or no interactions at all were seen between depression diagnoses and osteoarthritis diagnoses.Conclusions A small increase in primary healthcare visits in comorbid back pain and depression patients was accompanied with a substantial reduction in total healthcare costs and in hospital costs. Our results can be of value in analysing the cost effects of comorbidity and how the coordination of primary and secondary care may have an impact on healthcare costs.
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| 18. |
- Ceder, Mikaela M., et al.
(författare)
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The glycine receptor alpha 3 subunit mRNA expression shows sex-dependent differences in the adult mouse brain
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Neuroscience. - : Springer Nature. - 1471-2202. ; 24:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The glycinergic system plays an important inhibitory role in the mouse central nervous system, where glycine controls the excitability of spinal itch- and pain-mediating neurons. Impairments of the glycine receptors can cause motor and sensory deficits. Glycine exerts inhibition through interaction with ligand-gated ion channels composed of alpha and beta subunits. We have investigated the mRNA expression of the glycine receptor alpha 3 (Glra3) subunit in the nervous system as well as in several peripheral organs of female and male mice.Results Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data analysis on the Zeisel et al. (2018) dataset indicated widespread but low expression of Glra3 in vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2, Slc17a6) positive and vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter (Viaat, Slc32a1)positive neurons of the mouse central nervous system. Highest occurrence of Glra3 expression was identified in the cortex, amygdala, and striatal regions, as well as in the hypothalamus, brainstem and spinal cord. Bulk quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated Glra3 expression in cortex, amygdala, striatum, hypothalamus, thalamus, pituitary gland, hippocampus, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord. Additionally, male mice expressed higher levels of Glra3 in all investigated brain areas compared with female mice. Lastly, RNAscope spatially validated Glra3 expression in the areas indicated by the single-cell and bulk analyses. Moreover, RNAscope analysis confirmed co-localization of Glra3 with Slc17a6 or Slc32a1 in the central nervous system areas suggested from the single-cell data.Conclusions Glra3 expression is low but widespread in the mouse central nervous system. Clear sex-dependent differences have been identified, indicating higher levels of Glra3 in several telencephalic and diencephalic areas, as well as in cerebellum and brainstem, in male mice compared with female mice.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Darnell, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Lipopolysaccharide induced-in vivo increases in beta-defensins of the rat parotid gland.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Archives of oral biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-9969. ; 51:9, s. 769-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antimicrobial beta-defensins are thought to protect epithelial surfaces. Their mobilization in response to inflammation was studied in the rat parotid gland using an ELISA assay. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), injected into the parotid duct on one side, induced a marked local inflammatory response in the parotid gland as judged by several fold increases in myeloperoxidase activity and, in histological sections, infiltration of neutrophils. Three hours after the injection, beta-defensin 1 and 3 were increased (by 41% and 15%, respectively, P<0.01) as compared to the contralateral gland. Though still elevated 6h after the injection, the percentage figures for beta-defensin 1 were, at this time, somewhat lower (30%) compared to the situation at 3h, while those for defensin 3 were significantly higher 65% (P<0.01); neither at the early nor at the late time of observation were any changes in the level of beta-defensin 2 observed. The beta-defensins under study were not detected in submandibular and sublingual glands, neither were they detected in the inflamed submandibular gland, showing also here several fold increases in myeloperoxidase activity and, in addition, the presence of inflammatory cells, following ductal injection of LPS towards the gland.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Djuric Ilic, Danica, et al.
(författare)
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Stockholms fjärrvärmenät idag och imorgon : en tvärvetenskaplig studie av ett regionalt energisystem
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fjärrvärme spelar en viktig roll i strävan mot ett hållbart samhälle. Därför har vi i denna studie studerat Stockholms fjärrvärmenät och de aktörer som påverkar dess utformning. Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka drivkrafter och hinder för att utveckla fjärrvärmenäten i Stockholm. Vidare har syftet varit att studera hur aktörerna samverkar på kommunal och regional nivå för att bibehålla och/ eller vidareutveckla energisamarbeten. Fjärrvärmenätet har modellerats utifrån sex olika scenarier i optimeringsprogrammet MODEST. Genom scenarierna har vi kunnat testa dagens nät med bättre sammankopplingar, byggande av kraftvärmeverk samt naturgas som bränsle i kraftvärmeverken. Vidare har kvalitativa intervjuer med kommuner, energibolag, intresse- och branschorganisationer samt regionala aktörer genomförts. Studien visar att Stockholms fjärrvärmenät redan idag är väl sammankopplat vilket innebär att de ekonomiska vinsterna med ytterligare sammankopplingar inte är särskilt stora. Modelleringarna pekar dock på att byggande av kraftvärme, både med biobränsle och med naturgas, har en viss ekonomisk potential. En positiv effekt är också minskningen av de globala utsläppen av växthusgaser. Vinster med samarbeten och sammankopplingar från energibolagens sida är framförallt ökad driftsäkerhet och driftsoptimering samt möjligheten att samordna revisioner. För att samarbeten ska fungera är dock ekonomisk vinst för samtliga parter samt jämlika förhållanden dem emellan en förutsättning. Det är inte tekniska problem som hindrar utökade sammankopplingar, snarare är det ökat behov av planering och administration som försvårar utökat samarbete mellan bolag. Genom resultatet från intervjuerna kan slutsatsen dras att ett glapp finns i synen på samverkan mellan bolag och kommuner. Detta oavsett om bolagen är kommunalt eller privat ägda. Att energibolagen ska drivas på bolagsmässiga grunder kan vara en förklaring till detta. Energiplanering från kommunernas perspektiv har kommit att handla om klimatfrågan i hög utsträckning och ses ofta som synonymt med miljöarbete. Energiplaneringen har därmed fått högre status och flyttats närmre kommunledning. Samtidigt sker energiplanering på många olika nivåer, inom och mellan kommunerna samt på regional nivå, vilket gör det svårt att få ett samlat grepp om frågan. Också bolagen har olika syn på det regionala perspektivet vilket pekar på att det saknas ett fungerande regionalt organ där bolag och kommuner kan samverka. Även om både energibolagen och kommunerna är positivt inställda till fjärrvärme som teknik ser framtiden för fjärrvärmebranschen något osäker ut. Minskade värmelaster på grund av energieffektiviseringar och klimatförändringar bidrar till osäkerheten. Samtidigt väntar en utredning om tredjepartstillträde som potentiellt kan innebära stora förändringar för branschen. Genom att alla bygger kraftvärme kan det vara ett sätt att ändra marknadsinriktning från värme till el för att ge ökad lönsamhet. Det går inte heller att bortse från att Stockholmsregionen har goda förutsättningar för att införa ett tredjepartstillträde där kunderna själva kan välja fjärrvärmeleverantör.
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| 23. |
- Edfors-Lilja, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variation in Con A induced interleukin 2 production by porcine blood mononuclear cells
- 1991
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Ingår i: Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-2427 .- 1873-2534. ; 27:4, s. 351-363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic variation in concanavalin A (Con A)-induced proliferation and interleukin 2 (IL-2) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was studied in blood collected from 96 piglets, a aged 7 weeks. The piglets were the offspring of seven sires and 24 dams. Pronounced differences between litters from various dams were observed in the immune parameters measured. Also, large individual differences in the magnitudes of Con A-induced proliferation and IL-2 production were seen for PBMC collected from individual pigs within each litter. Both the time course and magnitude of IL-2 activity showed genetic variation, as results from the offspring of the seven sires differed significantly. However, only the time course, not the magnitude, of proliferation differed among the offspring groups. It was possible to establish a rank order for the sires based on the IL-2 production of PBMC by their offspring. As IL-2 has a key role in regulating the immune response, mitogen-induced IL-2 activity seems to be a good candidate as a general marker for cell-mediated immunity in pigs.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Ekblom, Robert, Docent, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Genome sequencing and conservation genomics in the Scandinavian wolverine population
- 2018
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Ingår i: Conservation Biology. - : WILEY. - 0888-8892 .- 1523-1739. ; 32:6, s. 1301-1312
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic approaches have proved valuable to the study and conservation of endangered populations, especially for monitoring programs, and there is potential for further developments in this direction by extending analyses to the genomic level. We assembled the genome of the wolverine (Gulo gulo), a mustelid that in Scandinavia has recently recovered from a significant population decline, and obtained a 2.42 Gb draft sequence representing >85% of the genome and including >21,000 protein-coding genes. We then performed whole-genome resequencing of 10 Scandinavian wolverines for population genomic and demographic analyses. Genetic diversity was among the lowest detected in a red-listed population (mean genome-wide nucleotide diversity of 0.05%). Results of the demographic analyses indicated a long-term decline of the effective population size (N-e) from 10,000 well before the last glaciation to N-e appeared even lower. The genome-wide F-IS level was 0.089 (possibly signaling inbreeding), but this effect was not observed when analyzing a set of highly variable SNP markers, illustrating that such markers can give a biased picture of the overall character of genetic diversity. We found significant population structure, which has implications for population connectivity and conservation. We used an integrated microfluidic circuit chip technology to develop an SNP-array consisting of 96 highly informative markers that, together with a multiplex pre-amplification step, was successfully applied to low-quality DNA from scat samples. Our findings will inform management, conservation, and genetic monitoring of wolverines and serve as a genomic roadmap that can be applied to other endangered species. The approach used here can be generally utilized in other systems, but we acknowledge the trade-off between investing in genomic resources and direct conservation actions.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Enkirch, Theresa, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular epidemiology of community- and hospital-associated Clostridioides difficile infections in Jönköping, Sweden, October 2017-March 2018
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica (APMIS). - : Wiley. - 0903-4641 .- 1600-0463. ; 130:11, s. 661-670
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs) in Sweden are mostly hospital-associated (HA) with limited knowledge regarding community-associated (CA) infections. Here, we investigated the molecular epidemiology of clinical isolates of CA-CDI and HA-CDI in a Swedish county. Data and isolates (n = 156) of CDI patients (n = 122) from Jonkoping county, October 2017-March 2018, were collected and classified as CA (without previous hospital care or onset <= 2 days after admission or >12 weeks after discharge from hospital) or HA (onset >3 days after hospital admission or within 4 weeks after discharge). Molecular characterization of isolates included PCR ribotyping (n = 156 isolates) and whole genome sequencing with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) analysis (n = 53 isolates). We classified 47 patients (39%) as CA-CDI and 75 (61%) as HA-CDI. Between CA-CDI and HA-CDI patients, we observed no statistically significant differences regarding gender, age, 30-day mortality or recurrence. Ribotype 005 (RR 3.1; 95% CI: 1.79-5.24) and 020 (RR 2.5; 95% CI: 1.31-4.63) were significantly associated with CA-CDI. SNP analysis identified seven clusters (0-2 SNP difference) involving 17/53 isolates of both CA-CDI and HA-CDI. Molecular epidemiology differed between CA-CDI and HA-CDI and WGS analysis suggests transmission of CDI within and between hospitals and communities.
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| 30. |
- Ernberg, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy of botulinum toxin type A for treatment of persistent myofascial TMD pain : a randomized, controlled, double-blind multicenter study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Pain. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3959 .- 1872-6623. ; 152:9, s. 1944-1945
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence of an effect by botulinum toxins is still lacking for most pain conditions. In the present randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover multicenter study, the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) was investigated in patients with persistent myofascial temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Twenty-one patients with myofascial TMD without adequate pain relief after conventional treatment participated. A total of 50 U of BTX-A or isotonic saline (control) was randomly injected into 3 standardized sites of the painful masseter muscles. Follow-up was performed after 1 and 3 months, followed by a 1-month washout period, after which crossover occurred. Pain intensity at rest was the primary outcome measure, while physical and emotional function, global improvement, side effects, and clinical measures were additional outcome measures. There was no main difference between drugs (ANOVA; P=.163), but there was a significant time effect (P<.001), so BTX-A reduced mean (SD) percent change of pain intensity by 30 (33%) after 1 month and by 23 (30%) after 3 months compared to 11 (40%) and 4 (33%) for saline. The number of patients who received a 30% pain reduction was not significantly larger for BTX-A than after saline at any follow-up visit. The number needed to treat was 11 after 1 month and 7 after 3 months. There were no significant changes after treatment in any other outcome measures, with the exception of pain on palpation, which decreased 3 months after saline injection (P<.05). These results do not indicate a clinical relevant effect of BTX-A in patients with persistent myofascial TMD pain.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Franck, Marina Christina Mikaela, et al.
(författare)
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Urocortin3-expressing neurons in sensory transmission
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Urocortin 3 (UCN3) is a neuropeptide involved in mechanosensation and stress regulation, and Ucn3-Cre neurons have been assigned a role in mechanical itch. Here, we show that Ucn3 marks a population of excitatory neurons in the mouse dorsal horn, divided into two non-overlapping subpopulations expressing protein kinase C g or calretinin/calbindin 2. Chemogenetic activation of spinal Ucn3-Cre neurons evoked a targeted biting/licking behavior towards the corresponding dermatome. Genetic deletion of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) in Ucn3-Cre neurons removed the phenotype, showing that the biting/licking behavior is VGLUT2-dependent. Conditional deletion of VGLUT2 did not affect acute thermal or mechanical withdrawal responses, nor thermal withdrawal responses after nerve growth factor-induced hypersensitivity or the prurifensive response to 48/80 or von Frey stimuli applied in nape. Instead, we found that a group of spinal Ucn3 neurons were activated in response to artificial scratching or 48/80-induced itch. Electrophysiological experiments showed that spinal Ucn3 neurons received both glycinergic and GABAergic tonic inhibition, and monosynaptic inputs from both Aβ and C fibers, which could be confirmed by rabies tracing. Spinal Ucn3/Ucn3-Cre neurons thus represent a mechanically sensitive population with several roles in the itch-scratch cycle.
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| 33. |
- Furuhjelm, Catrin, et al.
(författare)
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Allergic disease in infants up to 2 yr of age in relation to plasma omega-3 fatty acids and maternal fish oil supplementation inpregnancy and lactation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Pediatric Allergy and Immunology. - : John Wiley & Sons A/S. - 0905-6157 .- 1399-3038. ; 22:5, s. 505-514
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously reported a protective effect of maternal omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (x-3 LCPUFA) supplementation in pregnancy and lactation on IgE-associated eczema and food allergy in the infant during the first year of life. Here we investigate whether the effects of the LCPUFA supplementation on IgE-associated diseases last up to 2 yr of age and assess the relationship between plasma proportions of x-3 PUFAs and the frequency and severity of infant allergic disease. 145 pregnant women, at risk of having an allergic infant, were randomized to daily supplementation with 1.6 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 1.1 g docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or placebo starting in the 25th gestational week and continuing through 3.5 months of breastfeeding. Clinical examinations, skin prick tests and analysis of maternal and infant plasma phospholipid fatty acids and infant specific IgE were performed. No difference in the prevalence of allergic symptoms was found between the intervention groups. Thecumulative incidence of IgE-associated disease was lower in the x-3-supplemented group (6/54, 13%) compared with the placebo group (19/62, 30%, p = 0.01). Higher maternal and infant proportions of DHA and EPA were associated with lower prevalence of IgE associated disease (p = 0.01–0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Higher maternal and infant proportions of DHA and EPA were found if the infants presented none, when compared with multiple allergic symptoms, (p < 0.05) regardless of sensitization. In summary, the x-3 supplementation offered no obvious preventive effect on the prevalence of clinical symptoms of allergic disease, but the decrease in cumulative incidence of IgE-associated disease seen during the first year still remained until 2 yr of age. Furthermore, high proportions of DHA and EPA in maternal and infant plasma phospholipids were associated with less IgE-associated disease and a reduced severity of the allergic phenotype.
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| 34. |
- Furuhjelm, Catrin, et al.
(författare)
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Fish oil supplementation in pregnancy and lactation may decrease the risk of infant allergy
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 98:9, s. 1461-1467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maternal intake of omega-3 (-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) during pregnancy has decreased, possibly contributing to a current increased risk of childhood allergy. Aim: To describe the effects of maternal -3 long-chain PUFA supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on the incidence of allergic disease in infancy. Methods: One hundred and forty-five pregnant women, affected by allergy themselves or having a husband or previous child with allergies, were included in a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Daily maternal supplementation with either 1.6 g eicosapentaenoic acid and 1.1 g docosahexaenoic acid or placebo was given from the 25(th) gestational week to average 3-4 months of breastfeeding. Skin prick tests, detection of circulating specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies and clinical examinations of the infants were performed. Results: The period prevalence of food allergy was lower in the -3 group (1/52, 2%) compared to the placebo group (10/65, 15%, p andlt; 0.05) as well as the incidence of IgE-associated eczema (-3 group: 4/52, 8%; placebo group: 15/63, 24%, p andlt; 0.05). Conclusion: Maternal -3 fatty acid supplementation may decrease the risk of food allergy and IgE-associated eczema during the first year of life in infants with a family history of allergic disease.
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| 35. |
- Gawel, Danuta, et al.
(författare)
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A validated single-cell-based strategy to identify diagnostic and therapeutic targets in complex diseases
- 2019
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Ingår i: Genome Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-994X. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Genomic medicine has paved the way for identifying biomarkers and therapeutically actionable targets for complex diseases, but is complicated by the involvement of thousands of variably expressed genes across multiple cell types. Single-cell RNA-sequencing study (scRNA-seq) allows the characterization of such complex changes in whole organs. Methods: The study is based on applying network tools to organize and analyze scRNA-seq data from a mouse model of arthritis and human rheumatoid arthritis, in order to find diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Diagnostic validation studies were performed using expression profiling data and potential protein biomarkers from prospective clinical studies of 13 diseases. A candidate drug was examined by a treatment study of a mouse model of arthritis, using phenotypic, immunohistochemical, and cellular analyses as read-outs. Results: We performed the first systematic analysis of pathways, potential biomarkers, and drug targets in scRNA-seq data from a complex disease, starting with inflamed joints and lymph nodes from a mouse model of arthritis. We found the involvement of hundreds of pathways, biomarkers, and drug targets that differed greatly between cell types. Analyses of scRNA-seq and GWAS data from human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) supported a similar dispersion of pathogenic mechanisms in different cell types. Thus, systems-level approaches to prioritize biomarkers and drugs are needed. Here, we present a prioritization strategy that is based on constructing network models of disease-associated cell types and interactions using scRNA-seq data from our mouse model of arthritis, as well as human RA, which we term multicellular disease models (MCDMs). We find that the network centrality of MCDM cell types correlates with the enrichment of genes harboring genetic variants associated with RA and thus could potentially be used to prioritize cell types and genes for diagnostics and therapeutics. We validated this hypothesis in a large-scale study of patients with 13 different autoimmune, allergic, infectious, malignant, endocrine, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as a therapeutic study of the mouse arthritis model. Conclusions: Overall, our results support that our strategy has the potential to help prioritize diagnostic and therapeutic targets in human disease.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Grönberg, Malin, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Distribution of obestatin and ghrelin in human tissues : immunoreactive cells in the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and mammary glands
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. - : SAGE Publications. - 0022-1554 .- 1551-5044. ; 56:9, s. 793-801
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obestatin and ghrelin are two peptides derived from the same prohormone. It is well established that ghrelin is produced by endocrine cells in the gastric mucosa. However, the distribution of human obestatin immunoreactive cells is not thoroughly characterized. A polyclonal antibody that specifically recognizes human obestatin was produced. Using this antibody and a commercial antibody vs ghrelin, the distribution of obestatin and ghrelin immunoreactive cells was determined in a panel of human tissues using immunohistochemistry. The two peptides were detected in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, from cardia to ileum, and in the pancreatic islets. Interestingly, epithelial cells in the ducts of mammary glands showed distinct immunoreactivity for both ghrelin and obestatin. By double immunofluorescence microscopy, it was shown that all detected cells were immunoreactive for both peptides. Furthermore, the subcellular localization of obestatin and ghrelin was essentially identical, indicating that obestatin and ghrelin are stored in the same secretory vesicles.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Gustafsson, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing clinical O2 saturation mapping using hyperspectral imaging and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the context of epinephrine injection
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Biomed. Opt. Express. - 2156-7085. ; 15:3, s. 1995-2013
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinical determination of oxygen saturation (sO2) in patients is commonly performed via non-invasive optical techniques. However, reliance on a few wavelengths and some form of pre-determined calibration introduces limits to how these methods can be used. One example involves the assessment of sO2 after injection of local anesthetic using epinephrine, where some controversy exists around the time it takes for the epinephrine to have an effect. This is likely caused by a change in the tissue environment not accounted for by standard calibrated instruments and conventional analysis techniques. The present study aims to account for this changing environment by acquiring absorption spectra using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) before, during, and after the injection of local anesthesia containing epinephrine in human volunteers. We demonstrate the need to account for multiple absorbing species when applying linear spectral unmixing in order to obtain more clinically relevant sO2 values. In particular, we demonstrate how the inclusion of water absorption greatly affects the rate at which sO2 seemingly drops, which in turn sheds light on the current debate regarding the time required for local anesthesia with epinephrine to have an effect. In general, this work provides important insight into how spectral analysis methods need to be adapted to specific clinical scenarios to more accurately assess sO2.
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| 40. |
- Hammelev Jörgensen, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
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The Vicious Cycle of Magical Thinking : How IT Governance Counteracts Digital Transformation
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Electronic Government. - : Springer. - 9783031411380 - 9783031411373 ; , s. 381-396
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital transformation is associated with a fundamental change in the operating models of organizations and industries alike. At the same time, previous research highlights that existing governance practices may act as a deterrent to digital transformation. In this study, we explore how the IT governance of a large university counteracts necessary digital transformation in higher education over time. We show how the adoption of an industry-standard IT governance framework, through a series of generative mechanisms, leads to a vicious cycle that restricts digital transformation into mere computerization, thereby successfully counteracting digital transformation. In other words, the IT governance framework increasingly protects the organization from the organizational change brought on by new digital opportunities. This is discussed in relation to the literature on IT governance and digital transformation with the intent of contributing with a critical perspective on the widespread adoption and use of standard IT governance framework.
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| 41. |
- Helenius, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Bladder cancer detection in patients with gross haematuria : Computed tomography urography with enhancement triggered scan versus flexible cystoscopy
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 49:5, s. 377-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Computed tomography urography (CTU) can be used to direct further investigation of patients if the bladder tumour detection rate is high. The aim of this study was to compare a CTU protocol including an enhancement-triggered scan and flexible cystoscopy for detecting bladder tumours.Materials and methodsPatients with gross haematuria undergoing CTU during 2005–2008 were included. For patients younger than 50 years the CTU protocol included unenhanced, enhancement-triggered corticomedullary, and excretory phases. Patients older than 50 years followed the same protocol plus a nephrographic phase. The entire urinary tract was examined in all phases.ResultsOf 435 patients, 55 patients were diagnosed with bladder tumour. CTU detected bladder tumour in 48 patients (87%). Five CTU examination reports were false positive. With CTU, sensitivity for finding bladder tumour was 0.87, specificity 0.99, positive predictive value (PPV) 0.91 and negative predictive value (NPV) 0.98. Cystoscopy detected bladder tumour in 48 patients (87%) and had one false-positive finding, resulting in sensitivity of 0.87, specificity 1.0, PPV 0.98 and NPV 0.98.ConclusionsThe detection rate of bladder tumours for the CTU protocol including an enhancement-triggered scan was high and comparable to flexible cystoscopy. Hence, this protocol could be used to assess the bladder as the primary investigation and direct further investigation of the patient.
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| 42. |
- Helenius, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of four different preparation protocols to achieve bladder distension in patients with gross haematuria undergoing a CT urography
- 2012
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Ingår i: Radiography. - : Elsevier BV. - 1078-8174 .- 1532-2831. ; 18:3, s. 206-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionCT examination has been shown to be effective in detecting bladder cancer. Proper evaluation of the bladder requires it to be well distended. The purpose of the present study was to establish a preparation protocol to achieve satisfactory bladder distension without causing unacceptable patient discomfort.Material and methodWe used four different preparation protocols (1: 0.5 L of fluid intake during a 1-h period, 2: Same as 1 with the addition of IV diuretics when the patient was examined, 3: 1 L of fluid intake during a 2-h period, 4: Same as 3 with the additional instruction to empty the bladder after 1 h. In protocols 1–3, the patients were asked not to empty their bladder during the preparation time). Bladder volume was calculated and bladder distension was judged as satisfactory or not by the radiologist. The patients answered questions about their ability to follow the preparation protocol and were requested to rate their need to empty the bladder pre-, during and post-examination.ResultsProtocol 1 had the lowest bladder volume. Protocols 2, 3 and 4 were similar in bladder volume. However, Protocol 2 caused unacceptable patient discomfort, and the compliance was lowest in Protocol 4.ConclusionProtocol 3, drinking 1 L of fluid during a 2-h period, gave satisfactory bladder distension, did not cause unacceptable discomfort in patients and did not have the lowest compliance.
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| 43. |
- Helenius, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of post contrast CT urography phases in bladder cancer detection
- 2016
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Ingår i: European Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084. ; 26:2, s. 585-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate which post-contrast phase(s) in a four-phase CT urography protocol is (are) most suitable for bladder cancer detection. Methods The medical records of 106 patients with visible haematuria who underwent a CT urography examination, including unenhanced, enhancement-triggered corticomedullary (CMP), nephrographic (NP) and excretory (EP) phases, were reviewed. The post-contrast phases (n = 318 different phases) were randomized into an evaluation order and blindly reviewed by two uroradiologists. Results Twenty-one patients were diagnosed with bladder cancer. Sensitivity for bladder cancer detection was 0.95 in CMP, 0.83 in NP and 0.81 in EP. Negative predictive value (NPV) was 0.99 in CMP, 0.96 in NP and 0.95 in EP. The sensitivity was higher in CMP than in both NP (p-value 0.016) and EP (p-value 0.0003). NPV was higher in CMP than in NP (p-value 0.024) and EP (p-value 0.002). Conclusion In the CT urography protocol with enhancement-triggered scan, sensitivity and NPV were highest in the corticomedullary phase, and this phase should be used for bladder assessment.
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| 44. |
- Helenius, Malin, 1978-
(författare)
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Investigation of Bladder Tumors with CT Urography in Patients Presenting with Gross Hematuria
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bladder tumor is the most common tumor detected in patients presenting with gross hematuria. Early detection and treatment is crucial for good prognosis, however, delay in diagnosis and treatment is common. Routine work-up of gross hematuria includes cystoscopy and Computed Tomography Urography (CTU). If CTU has a high detection rate of bladder tumor, it can be used to direct further investigation of the patient, hopefully reducing delay to diagnosis and treatment. There is no consensus on which phase the bladder should be assessed at CTU. Assessment of the bladder in an early contrast-enhancing phase requires contrast material enhancement in bladder tumors and a bladder that is properly distended with urine. For patients younger than 50 years, the routine CTU protocol used for examining gross hematuria patients included unenhanced (UE), corticomedullary phase (CMP), and excretory phase (EP), with the start of the scan being enhancement triggered: patients aged 50 years or older followed the same protocol plus a nephrographic phase (NP).The CTU protocol was compared with flexible cystoscopy for detecting bladder tumors. Sensitivity for bladder cancer detection was equal for CTU and cystoscopy (0.87).Patients diagnosed with bladder cancer (n=50) were examined during UE, CMP, and EP, and 21 patients were additionally examined in NP. The highest mean tumor contrast enhancement was seen in CMP (37 HU).The CMP, NP, and EP in 106 patients were randomized into an evaluation order (n=318 different phases) and blindly reviewed by two uroradiologists. In CMP, sensitivity (0.95) and negative predictive value (0.99) were higher than in NP and EP.Four different preparation protocols for achieving bladder distension were compared. The protocol that included drinking 1 l of fluid during a two-hour period prior to examination without voiding during that period, gave satisfactory bladder distension without causing unacceptable patient discomfort and having the lowest compliance. Gross hematuria patients should be primarily examined with CTU including UE, CMP and EP to direct further investigation of the patients. The patients should follow a preparation protocol including drinking 1 l of fluid during a two-hour period before examination and not voiding during that period.
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| 45. |
- Hofvander, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Frequent low-level mutations of protein kinase D2 in angiolipoma
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Pathology. - : WILEY. - 0022-3417 .- 1096-9896. ; 241:5, s. 578-582
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tumours displaying differentiation towards normal fat constitute the most common subgroup of soft tissue neoplasms. A series of such tumours was investigated by whole-exome sequencing followed by targeted ultra-deep sequencing. Eighty per cent of angiolipomas, but not any other tumour type, displayed mutations in the protein kinase D2 (PRKD2) gene, typically in the part encoding the catalytic domain. The absence of other aberrations at the chromosome or RNA level suggests that PRKD2 mutations are critical for angiolipoma development. Consistently, the mutated PRKD2 alleles were present at low (3-15%) frequencies, indicating that only a subset of the tumour cells is affected. Indeed, by sequencing mature fat cells and other cells separately, the former typically showed the highest mutation frequencies. Thus, we hypothesize that altered PRKD2 signalling in the adipocytic cells drives tumourigenesis and, in agreement with its pivotal role in angiogenesis, induces the vessel formation that is characteristic for angiolipoma. Copyright (c) 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley amp; Sons, Ltd.
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| 46. |
- Holli, Anne Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Critical Studies of Nordic Discourses on Gender and Gender Equality
- 2005
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Ingår i: NORA. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-8740 .- 1502-394X. ; 13:3, s. 148-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the Nordic "paradise for women" (Fougner & Asp‐Larsen [ 2]) there have for decades appeared critical feminist analyses of gender equality, growing in intensity since the 1990s. Today numerous critics point out the discursive and/or ideological (in the Gramscian sense) nature and deployment of Nordic gender equality (cf. NORA 2/2002). This Special Issue of NORA on Critical studies of Nordic discourses on gender and gender equality offers examples of current feminist scholarly thinking on how Nordic gender and gender equality are constructed.
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- Jasim, Hajer, et al.
(författare)
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Altered levels of salivary and plasma pain related markers in temporomandibular disorders
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Headache and Pain. - : BMC. - 1129-2369 .- 1129-2377. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Different pain syndromes may be characterized by different profiles of mediators reflecting pathophysiological differences, and these alterations may be measured in a simple saliva sample. The aims of the current study were to compare concentration of glutamate, serotonin (5-HT), nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and substance P (SP) in saliva and plasma from a well-defined group of patients with chronic temporomandibular disorders myalgia (TMD-myalgia) with a group of pain-free controls, and further investigate the relationship between these markers and clinical characteristics. Methods Patients diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria for TMD (n = 39), and matched healthy pain-free controls (n = 39) were included. Stimulated whole saliva and plasma samples were collected in the morning. Glutamate was analysed using a colorimetric assay, and 5-HT and SP were analysed by commercially available ELISA. Levels of NGF and BDNF were determined using multiplex electrochemiluminescence assay panel. Results Patients expressed higher salivary and plasma levels of glutamate (saliva: 40.22 +/- 13.23 mu mol/L; plasma: 30.31 +/- 18.73 mu mol/L) than controls (saliva: 33.24 +/- 11.27 mu mol/L; plasma: 20.41 +/- 15.96 mu mol/L) (p < 0.05). Salivary NGF (0.319 +/- 0.261 pg/ml) and BDNF (3.57 +/- 1.47 pg/ml) were lower in patients compared to controls (NGF: 0.528 +/- 0.477 pg/ml; BDNF 4.62 +/- 2.51 pg/ml)(ps < 0.05). Contrary, plasma BDNF, was higher in patients (263.33 +/- 245.13 pg/ml) than controls (151.81 +/- 125.90 pg/ml) (p < 0.05). 5-HT was undetectable in saliva. Neither plasma 5-HT, nor SP levels differed between groups. BDNF and NGF concentrations correlated to levels of psychological distress (p < 0.0005). Conclusion The higher levels of salivary and plasma glutamate in patients with TMD-myalgia compared to controls strengthens its importance in the pathophysiology of TMD-myalgia. However, the lack of correlation to pain levels question its role as a putative biomarker. Patients with TMD-myalgia further had lower levels of salivary NGF and BDNF, but higher plasma BDNF. These results and their correlations to psychological distress warrant further investigations.
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- Jasim, Hajer, et al.
(författare)
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Daytime changes of salivary biomarkers involved in pain
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. - : WILEY. - 1365-2842 .- 0305-182X. ; 47:7, s. 843-850
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study aimed to investigate salivary levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), substance P (SP) and glutamate at five time points from morning to afternoon in a well-characterised healthy and pain-free individuals. Ten young adults were included. Unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva were collected from each participant repeatedly across the day. Blood samples were drawn in connection with the first and last saliva sample as reference standard. Levels of NGF and BDNF were determined using gel-free Western blot technology, glutamate levels were analysed using a colorimetric assay, and SP was determined using a commercially available ELISA. Salivary NGF and BDNF showed significant differences between the different collection times in both unstimulated (NGF; P = .006; BDNF; P = .026) and stimulated whole saliva (NGF; P = .006; BDNF; P = .019). The highest concentrations of the neuropeptides were expressed in the early morning, and they thereafter decreased across the day. In contrast, the expression of salivary glutamate and SP did not show any significant changes across the day. Plasma levels of NGF were higher in the evening sample (P = .028); otherwise, there were no significant differences for any of the other markers between morning and evening samples. NGF and BDNF in whole saliva showed a significant variation across the day. On the contrary, no variation in the levels of SP and glutamate was detected. These findings highlight the importance of consistency in the collection time and approach in biomarker studies using saliva.
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