| 1. |
- Beuchat, L. R., et al.
(författare)
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Performance of mycological media in enumerating desiccated food spoilage yeasts : an interlaboratory study
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal of Food Microbiology. - : Elsevier. - 0168-1605 .- 1879-3460. ; 70:1-2, s. 89-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dichloran 18% glycerol agar (DG18) was originally formulated to enumerate nonfastidious xerophilic moulds in foods containing rapidly growing Eurotium species. Some laboratories are now using DG18 as a general purpose medium for enumerating yeasts and moulds, although its performance in recovering yeasts from dry foods has not been evaluated. An interlaboratory study compared DG18 with dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol agar (DRBC), plate count agar supplemented with chloramphenicol (PCAC), tryptone glucose yeast extract chloramphenicol agar (TGYC), acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA), and orange serum agar (OSA) for their suitability to enumerate 14 species of lyophilized yeasts. The coefficient of variation for among-laboratories repeatability within yeast was 1.39% and reproducibility of counts among laboratories was 7.1%. The order of performance of media for recovering yeasts was TGYC > PCAC = OSA > APDA > DRBC > DG18. A second study was done to determine the combined effects of storage time and temperature on viability of yeasts and suitability of media for recovery. Higher viability was retained at - 18 degreesC than at 5 degreesC or 25 degreesC for up to 42 weeks, although the difference in mean counts of yeasts stored at - 18 degreesC and 25 degreesC was only 0.78 log(10) cfu/ml of rehydrated suspension. TGYC was equal to PCAC and superior to the other four media in recovering yeasts stored at - 18 degreesC, 5 degreesC, or 25 degreesC for up to 42 weeks. Results from both the interlaboratory study and the storage study support the use of TGYC for enumerating desiccated yeasts. DG18 is not recommended as a general purpose medium for recovering yeasts from a desiccated condition.
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| 12. |
- Svensson, Per-Arne, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Copper induces the expression of cholesterogenic genes in human macrophages.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - 0021-9150. ; 169:1, s. 71-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accumulation of lipids and cholesterol by macrophages and subsequent transformation into foam cells are key features in development of atherosclerosis. Serum copper concentrations have been shown to be associated with cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanism behind the proatherogenic effect of copper is not clear. We used DNA microarrays to define the changes in gene expression profile in response to copper exposure of human macrophages. Expression monitoring by DNA microarray revealed 91 genes that were regulated. Copper increased the expression of seven cholesterogenic genes (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) synthase, IPP isomerase, squalene synthase, squalene epoxidase, methyl sterol oxidase, H105e3 mRNA and sterol-C5-desaturase) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R), and decreased the expression of CD36 and lipid binding proteins. The expression of LDL-R and HMG CoA reductase was also investigated using real time PCR. The expression of both of these genes was increased after copper treatment of macrophages (P<0.01 and P<0.01, respectively). We conclude that copper activates cholesterogenic genes in macrophages, which may provide a mechanism for the association between copper and atherosclerosis. The effect of copper on cholesterogenic genes may also have implications for liver steatosis in early stages of Wilson's disease.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Chagin, A S, et al.
(författare)
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Estrogen receptor-beta inhibits skeletal growth and has the capacity to mediate growth plate fusion in female mice.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. - 0884-0431. ; 19:1, s. 72-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To determine the long-term role of ER beta in the regulation of longitudinal bone growth, appendicular and axial skeletal growth was followed and compared in female ER beta-/-, ER alpha-/-, and ER alpha-/- beta-/- mice. Our results show that ER beta inhibits appendicular and axial skeletal growth and has the capacity to induce fusion of the growth plates. INTRODUCTION: Estrogen affects skeletal growth and promotes growth plate fusion in humans. In rodents, the growth plates do not fuse after sexual maturation, but prolonged treatment with supraphysiological levels of estradiol has the capacity to fuse the growth plates. It should be emphasized that the estrogen receptor (ER) alpha-/- and the ER alpha-/- beta-/-, but not the ER beta-/-, mouse models have clearly increased serum levels of estradiol. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The skeletal growth was monitored by X-ray and dynamic histomorphometry, and the growth plates were analyzed by quantitative histology, calcein double labeling, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, and TUNEL assay in 4- and 18-month-old female ER beta-/-, ER alpha-/-, and ER alpha-/- beta-/- mice. RESULTS: Young adult (4-month-old) ER beta-/- mice demonstrated an increased axial- and appendicular-skeletal growth, supporting the notion that ER beta inhibits skeletal growth in young adult female mice. Interestingly, the growth plates were consistently fused in the appendicular skeleton of 18-month-old female ER alpha-/- mice. This fusion of growth plates, caused by a prolonged exposure to supraphysiological levels of estradiol in female ER alpha-/- mice, must be mediated through ER beta because old ER alpah-/- beta-/- mice displayed unchanged, unfused growth plates. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that ER beta is a physiological inhibitor of appendicular- and axial-skeletal growth in young adult female mice. Furthermore, we made the novel observation that ER beta, after prolonged supraphysiological estradiol exposure, has the capacity to mediate growth plate fusion in old female mice.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Forsblad d'Elia, Helena, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Hormone replacement therapy, calcium and vitamin D3 versus calcium and vitamin D3 alone decreases markers of cartilage and bone metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN46523456]
- 2004
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Ingår i: Arthritis Res Ther. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-6362 .- 1465-9905 .- 1478-6354. ; 6:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to evaluate the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), known to prevent osteoporosis and fractures, on markers of bone and cartilage metabolism. Furthermore, we assessed whether changes in these markers corresponded to alterations in bone mineral density and radiographic joint destructions in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis. Eighty-eight women were randomized to receive HRT, calcium, and vitamin D3, or calcium and vitamin D3 alone, for 2 years. Bone turnover was studied by analyzing serum levels of C-terminal telopeptide fragments of type I collagen (CTX-I), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), bone sialoprotein, and C-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP) and cartilage turnover by urinary levels of collagen type II C-telopeptide degradation fragments (CTX-II) and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) in serum. Treatment with HRT resulted in decrease in CTX-I (P < 0.001), ICTP (P < 0.001), PICP (P < 0.05), COMP (P < 0.01), and CTX-II (P < 0.05) at 2 years. Reductions in CTX-I, ICTP, and PICP were associated with improved bone mineral density. Of the markers tested, CTX-I reflected bone turnover most sensitively; it was reduced by 53 +/- 6% in the patients receiving HRT. Baseline ICTP (P < 0.001), CTX-II (P < 0.01), and COMP (P < 0.05) correlated with the Larsen score. We suggest that biochemical markers of bone and cartilage turnover may provide a useful tool for assessing novel treatment modalities in arthritis, concerning both joint protection and prevention of osteoporosis.
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| 17. |
- Graffner-Nordberg, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Computational predictions of binding affinities to dihydrofolate reductase: synthesis and biological evaluation of methotrexate analogues
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-4804 .- 0022-2623. ; 43:21, s. 3852-3861
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relative binding affinities to human dihydrofolate reductase of four new potential antifolates, containing ester linkages between the two aromatic systems, were estimated by free energy perturbation simulations. The ester analogue, predicted to exhibit the highest binding affinity to human dihydrofolate reductase, and a reference ester (more structurally related to methotrexate) were synthesized. As deduced from the measured IC(50) values, the calculated ranking of the ligands was correct although a greater difference in affinity was indicated by the experimental measurements. Among the new antifolates the most potent inhibitor exhibited a similar pharmacokinetic profile to methotrexate but lacked activity in a complex antiarthritic model in rat in vivo.
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| 18. |
- Graffner-Nordberg, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Design, Synthesis, Computational Prediction and Biological Evaluation of Ester Soft Drugs as Inhibitors of Dihydrofolate Reductase from Pneumocystis Carinii
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 44:15, s. 2391-2402
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of lipophilic soft drugs structurally related to the nonclassical dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors trimetrexate and piritrexim have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated in DHFR assays, with special emphasis on the inhibition of P. carinii DHFR. The best inhibitors, encompassing an ester bond in the bridge connecting the two aromatic systems, were approximately 10 times less potent than trimetrexate and piritrexim. The metabolites were designed to be poor inhibitors. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations of three ligands in complex with DHFR from Pneumocystis carinii and from the human enzyme were conducted in order to better understand the factors determining the selectivity. A correct ranking of the relative inhibition of DHFR was achieved utilizing the linear interaction energy method. The soft drugs are intended for local administration. One representative ester was selected for a pharmacokinetic study in rats where it was found to undergo fast metabolic degradation to the predicted inactive metabolites.
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| 19. |
- Hansson, Gert-Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Questionnaire versus direct technical measurements in assessing postures and movements of the head, upper back, arms and hands
- 2001
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140. ; 27:1, s. 30-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: This study compares questionnaire-assessed exposure data on work postures and movements with direct technical measurements. METHODS: Inclinometers and goniometers were used to make full workday measurements of 41 office workers and 41 cleaners, stratified for such factors as musculoskeletal complaints. The subjects answered a questionnaire on work postures of the head, back, and upper arms and repeated movements of the arms and hands (3-point scales). The questionnaire had been developed on the basis of a previously validated one. For assessing worktasks and their durations, the subjects kept a 2-week worktask diary. Job exposure was individually calculated by time-weighting the task exposure measurements according to the diary. RESULTS: The agreement between the self-assessed and measured postures and movements was low (kappa = 0.06 for the mean within the occupational groups and kappa = 0.27 for the whole group). Cleaners had a higher measured workload than office workers giving the same questionnaire response. Moreover, the subjects with neck-shoulder complaints rated their exposure to movements as higher than those without complaints but with the same measured mechanical exposure. In addition, these subjects also showed a general tendency to rate their postural exposure as higher. The women rated their exposure higher than the men did. CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire-assessed exposure data had low validity. For the various response categories the measured exposure depended on occupation. Furthermore, there was a differential misclassification due to musculoskeletal complaints and gender. Thus it seems difficult to construct valid questionnaires on mechanical exposure for establishing generic exposure-response relations in epidemiologic studies, especially cross-sectional ones. Direct technical measurements may be preferable.
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| 20. |
- Knutsen Rydberg, Ellen, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Hypoxia increases LDL oxidation and expression of 15-lipoxygenase-2 in human macrophages
- 2004
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Ingår i: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. ; 24:11, s. 2040-2045
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Macrophage-mediated oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by enzymes, such as the lipoxygenases, is considered of major importance for the formation of oxidized LDL during atherogenesis. Macrophages have been identified in hypoxic areas in atherosclerotic plaques. METHODS AND RESULTS: To investigate the role of hypoxia in macrophage-mediated LDL oxidation, we incubated human monocyte-derived macrophages with LDL under normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic (0% O2) conditions. The results showed that hypoxic macrophages oxidized LDL to a significantly higher extent than normoxic cells. Interestingly, the mRNA and protein expression of 15-lipoxygenase-2 (15-LOX-2) as well as the activity of this enzyme are elevated in macrophages incubated at hypoxia. Both the unspliced 15-LOX-2 and the spliced variant 15-LOX-2sv-a are found in macrophages. In addition, 15-LOX-2 was identified in carotid plaques in some macrophage-rich areas but was only expressed at low levels in nondiseased arteries. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, these observations show for the first time that 15-LOX-2 is expressed in hypoxic macrophages and in atherosclerotic plaques and suggest that 15-LOX-2 may be one of the factors involved in macrophage-mediated LDL oxidation at hypoxia.
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| 21. |
- Lall, S, et al.
(författare)
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Growth hormone (GH)-independent stimulation of adiposity by GH secretagogues.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Biochemical and biophysical research communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X. ; 280:1, s. 132-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs) stimulate growth hormone (GH) secretion, which is lipolytic. Here we compared the effects of twice daily s.c. treatment of GH and the GHS, ipamorelin, on body fat in GH-deficient (lit/lit) and in GH-intact (+/lit and +/+) mice. In +/lit and lit/lit mice ipamorelin induced a small (15%) increase in body weight by 2 weeks, that was not further augmented by 9 weeks. GH treatment markedly enhanced body weight in both groups. Ipamorelin also increased fat pad weights relative to body weight in both lit/lit and +/lit mice. Two weeks GHS treatment (ipamorelin or GHRP-6) also increased relative body fat, quantified by in vivo dual energy X-ray absorpiometry (DEXA) in GH-intact mice. GH decreased relative fat mass in lit/lit mice and had no effect in GH-intact mice. Treatment with GHS, but not GH, increased serum leptin and food intake in GH-intact mice. Thus, GHSs increase body fat by GH-independent mechanisms that may include increased feeding.
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| 22. |
- Larsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative studies of the binding of the class II PapG adhesin from uropathogenic Escherichia coli to oligosaccharides.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. - : Elsevier. - 0968-0896 .- 1464-3391. ; 11:10, s. 2255-2261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Binding of the class II PapG adhesin, found at the tip of filamentous pili on Escherichia coli, to the carbohydrate moiety of globoseries glycolipids in the human kidney is a key step in development of pyelonephritis, a severe form of urinary tract infection. An assay based on surface plasmon resonance for quantification of the binding of the class II PapG adhesin to oligosaccharides has been developed. Using this assay dissociation constants ranging from 80 to 540 M were determined for binding of the PapG adhesin to di-pentasaccharide fragments from the globoseries of glycolipids. A series of galabiose derivatives, modified at the anomeric position, O-2′ or O-3′, was also investigated. The anomeric position appeared to be the most promising for development of improved inhibitors of PapG-mediated adhesion of E. coli. p-Methoxyphenyl galabioside was found to be most potent (Kd=140 M), and binds to PapG almost as well as the Forssman pentasaccharide.
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| 23. |
- Larsson, Tobias, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Transgenic mice expressing fibroblast growth factor 23 under the control of the alpha1(I) collagen promoter exhibit growth retardation, osteomalacia, and disturbed phosphate homeostasis.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Endocrinology. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0013-7227 .- 1945-7170. ; 145:7, s. 3087-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mutations in the fibroblast growth factor 23 gene, FGF23, cause autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR). The gene product, FGF-23, is produced by tumors from patients with oncogenic osteomalacia (OOM), circulates at increased levels in most patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) and is phosphaturic when injected into rats or mice, suggesting involvement in the regulation of phosphate (Pi) homeostasis. To better define the precise role of FGF-23 in maintaining Pi balance and bone mineralization, we generated transgenic mice that express wild-type human FGF-23, under the control of the alpha1(I) collagen promoter, in cells of the osteoblastic lineage. At 8 wk of age, transgenic mice were smaller (body weight = 17.5 +/- 0.57 vs. 24.3 +/- 0.37 g), exhibited decreased serum Pi concentrations (1.91 +/- 0.27 vs. 2.75 +/- 0.22 mmol/liter) and increased urinary Pi excretion when compared with wild-type littermates. The serum concentrations of human FGF-23 (undetectable in wild-type mice) was markedly elevated in transgenic mice (>7800 reference units/ml). Serum PTH levels were increased in transgenic mice (231 +/- 62 vs. 139 +/- 44 pg/ml), whereas differences in calcium and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were not apparent. Expression of Npt2a, the major renal Na(+)/Pi cotransporter, as well as Npt1 and Npt2c mRNAs, was significantly decreased in the kidneys of transgenic mice. Histology of tibiae displayed a disorganized and widened growth plate and peripheral quantitative computerized tomography analysis revealed reduced bone mineral density in transgenic mice. The data indicate that FGF-23 induces phenotypic changes in mice resembling those of patients with ADHR, OOM, and XLH and that FGF-23 is an important determinant of Pi homeostasis and bone mineralization.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Lindberg, Marie K, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Estrogen receptor alpha, but not estrogen receptor beta, is involved in the regulation of the OPG/RANKL (osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand) ratio and serum interleukin-6 in male mice.
- 2001
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Ingår i: The Journal of endocrinology. - : Bioscientifica. - 0022-0795 .- 1479-6805. ; 171:3, s. 425-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Estrogens are important for the male skeleton. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) have been suggested to be involved in the skeletal effects of estrogen. We treated orchidectomized mice with estradiol for 2 weeks and observed a 143% increase in the trabecular bone mineral density of the distal metaphysis of femur that was associated with a decreased OPG/RANKL mRNA ratio in vertebral bone. A similar decreased OPG/RANKL ratio was also seen after estrogen treatment of ovariectomized female mice. The effect of estrogen receptor (ER) inactivation on the OPG/RANKL ratio was dissected by using intact male mice lacking ER alpha (ERKO), ER beta (BERKO) or both receptors (DERKO). The expression of OPG was increased in ERKO and DERKO but not in BERKO male mice, resulting in an increased OPG/RANKL ratio. Furthermore, serum levels of IL-6 and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP 5b) were decreased in ERKO and DERKO, but not in BERKO male mice. These results demonstrate that ER alpha, but not ER beta, is involved in the regulation of the vertebral OPG/RANKL ratio, serum levels of IL-6 and TRAP 5b in male mice.
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| 26. |
- Lindberg, Marie K, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Estrogen receptor specificity in the regulation of the skeleton in female mice.
- 2001
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Ingår i: The Journal of endocrinology. - : Bioscientifica. - 0022-0795 .- 1479-6805. ; 171:2, s. 229-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are two known estrogen receptors, estrogen receptor-alpha (ER alpha) and estrogen receptor-beta (ER beta), which may mediate the actions of estrogen. The aim of the present study was to compare fat content, skeletal growth and adult bone metabolism in female mice lacking ER alpha (ERKO), ER beta (BERKO) or both ERs (DERKO). We demonstrate that endogenous estrogens decrease the fat content in female mice via ER alpha and not ER beta. Interestingly, the longitudinal bone growth was decreased in ERKO, increased in BERKO, but was intermediate in DERKO females, demonstrating that ER alpha and ER beta exert opposing effects in the regulation of longitudinal bone growth. The effects on longitudinal bone growth were correlated with similar effects on serum levels of IGF-I. A complex regulation of the trabecular bone mineral density (BMD), probably caused by a disturbed feedback regulation of estrogen and testosterone, was observed in female ER-inactivated mice. Nevertheless, a partial functional redundancy for ER alpha and ER beta in the maintenance of the trabecular BMD was observed in the female mice at 60 days of age. Thus, ER alpha and ER beta may have separate effects (regulation of fat), opposing effects (longitudinal bone growth) or partial redundant effects (trabecular BMD at 60 days of age), depending on which parameter is studied.
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| 27. |
- Lindgren, M., et al.
(författare)
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Simulation of the temperature increase in pulsed electric field (PEF) continuous flow treatment chambers
- 2002
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Ingår i: Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies. - 1466-8564 .- 1878-5522. ; 3:3, s. 233-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The application of intense pulsed electric fields (PEF) in foods is intended to be a non-thermal method to inactivate microorganisms. However, it is well known that an increase in temperature is present in this process due to ohmic heating, where the pulsed electric field energy input is transformed into heat. The aim of this study was to investigate the computer modeled temperature increase in the outflow for different flow-through PEF treatment chamber designs. Given equal experimental conditions, the temperature increase is indicative of the PEF dose, and a more uniform temperature profile is thus indicative of a more homogeneous PEF treatment. The radial distribution of the temperature increase was simulated in computer models of four different chambers. The temperature increase was found to be more homogeneous in the treatment chambers making use of a decrease in the insulator diameter, i.e. a design letting the insulators and electrodes intersect at angles close to 90°. The maximum temperature increase was found close to the wall, where the flow velocity is low. Cooling of the electrodes and electric insulators is recommended to avoid too high a temperature increase. The minimum temperature increase found was 29% of the calculated average in the worst case studied here. The minimum PEF dose to which the food was subjected would thus is less than the intended dose, since the food clearly was not subjected to the intended electric field strength during the intended exposure time. This is an important result in terms of food safety in the sense that a minimum PEF treatment should be guaranteed. The microbiological inactivation was experimentally evaluated using two of the treatment chamber designs. The result is consistent with the simulations and shows a small increase in inactivation and less needed energy input giving less average temperature increase for the chamber implementing a contraction of the diameter of the insulating spacer. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 31. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Olstad, Ole K, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular heterogeneity in human osteosarcoma demonstrated by enriched mRNAs isolated by directional tag PCR subtraction cloning.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Anticancer research. - 0250-7005. ; 23:3B, s. 2201-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Directional tag PCR subtractive hybridization was applied to construct a cDNA library generated from three different human osteosarcoma (OS) target cell lines (OHS, SaOS-2 and KPDXM) from which normal osteoblast (NO) sequences were subtracted. After two consecutive subtractive steps more than 98% of the common mRNAs species were depleted, leading to effective enrichment of the remaining target sequences. After differential screening of 960 clones, 81 candidates were further studied by Northern blot analysis and 73 represented separate mRNA species. Fifty-three of these showed enriched mRNA levels, of which 36 represented known and 17 not previously published cDNAs or EST sequences. The mRNAs showed a 1.4- to 504-fold enrichment compared to the mRNA levels in NO cells. The known mRNAs are: Ribosomal protein S11, KSP-37, Tethering factor SEC34, FXYD6, Alpha enolase, G-s-alpha, GPR85, DAF, RPL35A, GIF, TAPA-1, ANAPC11, DCI, hsp27, MRPS7 homolog, eIF p110 subunit, DPH2L, HMG-14, FB1 protein, chondroitin-6-sulphonase, calgizzarin, RNA polymerase II subunit, RPL13A, DHS, gp96, HHP2, acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P2, ANT-2, ARF1, AFG3L2, SKD3, phosphoglucoisomerase, GST pi, CKI gamma 2, DNA polymerase delta small subunit and TRAP delta. Sections of human osteosarcoma biopsies and a xenograft were studied by in situ analysis. Seven cDNAs highly expressed in Northern blot analysis were tested. Their in situ expression differed between the xenograft and human sections as did that of collagen I. In the xenograft made from one of the target cell lines (OHS), a fair to strong representation of 3 cloned mRNAs was observed while collagen I mRNA was not detectable. We conclude that the molecular heterogeneity of these tumors is considerable. These results ought to have implications for future work to describe phenotypic subtypes with the aim of improving the diagnosis of human osteosarcomas.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Ryynanen, S., et al.
(författare)
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Hamburger composition and microwave heating uniformity
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Food Science. - 0022-1147 .- 1750-3841. ; 69:7, s. M187-M196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of recipe modifications on the microwave heating uniformity and dielectric properties of a hamburger was investigated in a household oven. Factorial design was used in the experimental setup, and data were evaluated by analysis of variance. Temperature was monitored by a fiberoptic device, infrared imaging, and thermocouples. Dielectric data of the hamburger components were measured by a cavity perturbation method. An analytical model for calculating microwave energy balance was developed and compared with experimental data, and numerical modeling was also used in the analysis, and the results were compared. Uneven heating is difficult to improve by recipe modifications only. The differences between the analytical and numerical modeling indicate that the uniformity of heating in relatively small loads is difficult to achieve.
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| 37. |
- Sjögren, Klara, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Body fat content can be predicted in vivo in mice using a modified dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry technique.
- 2001
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Ingår i: The Journal of nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3166. ; 131:11, s. 2963-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The introduction of transgenic mice as animal models in medical research has increased the need for methods to study the phenotype of mice. The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate a method for in vivo prediction of fat content in living mice. We combined a modified dual-energy X-ray technique with an image analysis procedure. This combined procedure calculates the percentage of fat area, defined as the percentage of the total area of the mice consisting of >50% fat. A high correlation between the percentage of fat area and dissected adipose tissue was seen in both male and female mice (males, r = 0.92, P < 0.001; females, r = 0.88, P < 0.001). A high correlation was also seen between the percentage of fat area and serum levels of leptin (males, r = 0.95, P < 0.001; females, r = 0.86, P < 0.001). An additional experiment demonstrated a very strong correlation between the percentage of fat area and total body fat as determined by chemical extraction (r = 0.97, P < 0.001). In summary, the percentage of fat area, as measured with the dual-energy X-ray/image combined procedure, provides a good in vivo estimation of total body fat content in mice.
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| 38. |
- Svanberg, Elisabeth, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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rhIGF-I/IGFBP-3 complex, but not free rhIGF-I, supports muscle protein biosynthesis in rats during semistarvation.
- 2000
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Ingår i: European journal of clinical investigation. - 0014-2972. ; 30:5, s. 438-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of insulin like growth factor-I (rhIGF-I) in complex with binding protein 3 (IGFBP 3) compared to the effect of free IGF-I on muscle protein biosynthesis in undernourished animals. METHODS: Three groups of female Sprague-Dawley rats (200 g) were initially semi-starved for 3 days and then treated with saline (controls), rhIGF-I (1 microg g-1) or equimolar amounts of rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3 complex (5 microg g-1) i.v. twice daily for 3 days during continuous semistarvation. Protein metabolism in hind limb skeletal muscle was studied by incorporation of L-[14C-U]phenylalanine into proteins, western blot determination of translation initiation factors involved in the binding of the 40S ribosomal subunit to mRNA, and quantification of mRNA content for IGF-I, IGF-IR and GH-R. Plasma measurements of insulin, IGF-I and amino acids were also performed. RESULTS: rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3, but not rhIGF-I alone, stimulated protein synthesis by 177 +/- 26% (P
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| 39. |
- Svensson, Johan, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of growth hormone and its secretagogues on bone.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Endocrine. - 0969-711X. ; 14:1, s. 63-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis is not only of importance for linear body growth during childhood, but it is also one of the major determinants of adult bone mass. Studies show that GH treatment increases bone mass in rodents as well as in adult GH-deficient humans, but the effect of GH treatment on bone mass in healthy humans has so far not been impressive. Recently, a new class of GH secretagogues (GHSs) has been developed. In humans, GHS treatment affects biochemical markers of bone turnover and increases growth velocity in selected short children with or without GH deficiency. In rodents, GHS treatment increase bone mineral content, but it has not yet been shown that GHS treatment can affect bone mass in adult humans.
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| 40. |
- Svensson, Johan, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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The GH secretagogues ipamorelin and GH-releasing peptide-6 increase bone mineral content in adult female rats.
- 2000
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Ingår i: The Journal of endocrinology. - : Bioscientifica. - 0022-0795 .- 1479-6805. ; 165:3, s. 569-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growth hormone (GH) is of importance for normal bone remodelling. A recent clinical study demonstrated that MK-677, a member of a class of GH secretagogues (GHSs), increases serum concentrations of biochemical markers of bone formation and bone resorption. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the GHSs, ipamorelin (IPA) and GH-releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6), increase bone mineral content (BMC) in young adult female rats. Thirteen-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were given IPA (0.5 mg/kg per day; n=7), GHRP-6 (0.5 mg/kg per day; n=8), GH (3.5 mg/kg per day; n=7), or vehicle administered continuously s.c. via osmotic minipumps for 12 weeks. The animals were followed in vivo by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements every 4th week. After the animals were killed, femurs were analysed in vitro by mid-diaphyseal peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) scans. After this, excised femurs and vertebrae L6 were analysed by the use of Archimedes' principle and by determinations of ash weights. All treatments increased body weight and total tibial and vertebral BMC measured by DXA in vivo compared with vehicle-treated controls. However, total BMC corrected for the increase in body weight (total BMC:body weight ratio) was unaffected. Tibial area bone mineral density (BMD, BMC/area) was increased, but total and vertebral area BMDs were unchanged. The pQCT measurements in vitro revealed that the increase in the cortical BMC was due to an increased cross-sectional bone area, whereas the cortical volumetric BMD was unchanged. Femur and vertebra L6 volumes were increased but no effect was seen on the volumetric BMDs as measured by Archimedes' principle. Ash weight was increased by all treatments, but the mineral concentration was unchanged. We conclude that treatment of adult female rats with the GHSs ipamorelin and GHRP-6 increases BMC as measured by DXA in vivo. The results of in vitro measurements using pQCT and Archimedes' principle, in addition to ash weight determinations, show that the increases in cortical and total BMC were due to an increased growth of the bones with increased bone dimensions, whereas the volumetric BMD was unchanged.
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| 41. |
- Svensson, Per Anders, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of genes predominantly expressed in human macrophages
- 2004
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. ; 177, s. 287-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identification of cell and tissue specific genes may provide novel insights to signaling systems and functions. Macrophages play a key role in many diseases including atherosclerosis. Using DNA microarrays we compared the expression of approximately 10,000 genes in 56 human tissues and identified 23 genes with predominant expression in macrophages. The identified genes include both genes known to be macrophage specific and genes previously not well described in this cell type. Tissue distribution of two genes, liver X receptor (LXR) alpha and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN), was verified by real-time RT-PCR. We conclude that comparison of expression profiles from a large number of tissues can be used to identify genes that are predominantly expressed in certain tissues. Identification of novel macrophage specific genes may increase our understanding of the role of this cell in different diseases.
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| 42. |
- Wallenius, Kristina, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Liver-derived IGF-I regulates GH secretion at the pituitary level in mice.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Endocrinology. - 0013-7227. ; 142:11, s. 4762-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have reported that liver-specific deletion of IGF-I in mice (LI-IGF-I-/-) results in decreased circulating IGF-I and increased GH levels. In the present study, we determined how elimination of hepatic IGF-I modifies the hypothalamic-pituitary GH axis to enhance GH secretion. The pituitary mRNA levels of GH releasing factor (GHRF) receptor and GH secretagogue (GHS) receptor were increased in LI-IGF-I-/- mice, and in line with this, their GH response to ip injections of GHRF and GHS was increased. Expression of mRNA for pituitary somatostatin receptors, hypothalamic GHRF, somatostatin, and neuropeptide Y was not altered in LI-IGF-I-/- mice, whereas hypothalamic IGF-I expression was increased. Changes in hepatic expression of major urinary protein and the PRL receptor in male LI-IGF-I-/- mice indicated an altered GH release pattern most consistent with enhanced GH trough levels. Liver weight was enhanced in LI-IGF-I-/- mice of both genders. In conclusion, loss of liver-derived IGF-I enhances GH release by increasing expression of pituitary GHRF and GHS receptors. The enhanced GH release in turn affects several liver parameters, in line with the existence of a pituitary-liver axis.
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| 43. |
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