| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Rylander, Mattias, et al.
(creator_code:cre_t)
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Arcade
- 2022
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In: Arcade.
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Artistic work (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Scenografi till utställningen och föreställningen Arcade
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Microarray-based classification of a consecutive series of 121 childhood acute leukemias: prediction of leukemic and genetic subtype as well as of minimal residual disease status.
- 2007
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In: Leukemia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5551 .- 0887-6924. ; 21:6, s. 1198-1203
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gene expression analyses were performed on 121 consecutive childhood leukemias (87 B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs), 11 T-cell ALLs and 23 acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs)), investigated during an 8-year period at a single center. The supervised learning algorithm k-nearest neighbor was utilized to build gene expression predictors that could classify the ALLs/AMLs according to clinically important subtypes with high accuracy. Validation experiments in an independent data set verified the high prediction accuracies of our classifiers. B-lineage ALLs with uncharacteristic cytogenetic aberrations or with a normal karyotype displayed heterogeneous gene expression profiles, resulting in low prediction accuracies. Minimal residual disease status (MRD) in T-cell ALLs with a high (40.1%) MRD at day 29 could be classified with 100% accuracy already at the time of diagnosis. In pediatric leukemias with uncharacteristic cytogenetic aberrations or with a normal karyotype, unsupervised analysis identified two novel subgroups: one consisting mainly of cases remaining in complete remission (CR) and one containing a few patients in CR and all but one of the patients who relapsed. This study of a consecutive series of childhood leukemias confirms and extends further previous reports demonstrating that global gene expression profiling provides a valuable tool for genetic and clinical classification of childhood leukemias.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Mattias K, 1979, et al.
(author)
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Nuclear expression of FLT1 and its ligand PGF in FUS-DDIT3 carrying myxoid liposarcomas suggests the existence of an intracrine signaling loop.
- 2010
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In: BMC cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The FUS-DDIT3 fusion oncogene encodes an abnormal transcription factor that has a causative role in the development of myxoid/round-cell liposarcomas (MLS/RCLS). We have previously identified FLT1 (VEGFR1) as a candidate downstream target gene of FUS-DDIT3. The aim of this study was to investigate expression of FLT1 and its ligands in MLS cells. Methods: HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells were transiently transfected with FUS-DDIT3-GFP variant constructs and FLT1 expression was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, FLT1, PGF, VEGFA and VEGFB expression was measured in MLS/RCLS cell lines, MLS/RCLS tumors and in normal adiopocytes. We analyzed nine cases of MLS/RCLS and one cell line xenografted in mice for FLT1 protein expression using immunohistochemistry. MLS/RCLS cell lines were also analyzed for FLT1 by immunofluorescence and western blot. MLS/RCLS cell lines were additionally treated with FLT1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors and assayed for alterations in proliferation rate. Results: FLT1 expression was dramatically increased in transfected cells stably expressing FUS-DDIT3 and present at high levels in cell lines derived from MLS. The FLT1 protein showed a strong nuclear expression in cells of MLS tissue as well as in cultured MLS cells, which was confirmed by cellular fractionation. Tissue array analysis showed a nuclear expression of the FLT1 protein also in several other tumor and normal cell types including normal adipocytes. The FLT1 ligand coding gene PGF was highly expressed in cultured MLS cells compared to normal adipocytes while the other ligand genes VEGFA and VEGFB were expressed to lower levels. A more heterogeneous expression pattern of these genes were observed in tumor samples. No changes in proliferation rate of MLS cells were detected at concentrations for which the kinase inhibitors have shown specific inhibition of FLT1. Conclusions: Our results imply that FLT1 is induced as an indirect downstream effect of FUS-DDIT3 expression in MLS. This could be a consequence of the ability of FUS-DDIT3 to hijack parts of normal adipose tissue development and reprogram primary cells to a liposarcoma-like phenotype. The findings of nuclear FLT1 protein and expression of corresponding ligands in MLS and normal tissues may have implications for tissue homeostasis and tumor development through auto- or intracrine signaling.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Mattias K, 1979, et al.
(author)
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The multifunctional FUS, EWS and TAF15 proto-oncoproteins show cell type-specific expression patterns and involvement in cell spreading and stress response
- 2008
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In: BMC Cell Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2121. ; 9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: FUS, EWS and TAF15 are structurally similar multifunctional proteins that were first discovered upon characterization of fusion oncogenes in human sarcomas and leukemias. The proteins belong to the FET (previously TET) family of RNA-binding proteins and are implicated in central cellular processes such as regulation of gene expression, maintenance of genomic integrity and mRNA/microRNA processing. In the present study, we investigated the expression and cellular localization of FET proteins in multiple human tissues and cell types. RESULTS: FUS, EWS and TAF15 were expressed in both distinct and overlapping patterns in human tissues. The three proteins showed almost ubiquitous nuclear expression and FUS and TAF15 were in addition present in the cytoplasm of most cell types. Cytoplasmic EWS was more rarely detected and seen mainly in secretory cell types. Furthermore, FET expression was downregulated in differentiating human embryonic stem cells, during induced differentiation of neuroblastoma cells and absent in terminally differentiated melanocytes and cardiac muscle cells. The FET proteins were targeted to stress granules induced by heat shock and oxidative stress and FUS required its RNA-binding domain for this translocation. Furthermore, FUS and TAF15 were detected in spreading initiation centers of adhering cells. CONCLUSION: Our results point to cell-specific expression patterns and functions of the FET proteins rather than the housekeeping roles inferred from earlier studies. The localization of FET proteins to stress granules suggests activities in translational regulation during stress conditions. Roles in central processes such as stress response, translational control and adhesion may explain the FET proteins frequent involvement in human cancer.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Appelgren Heyman, Frej, et al.
(author)
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Can we rely on text originality check systems? : Evaluation of three systems used in higher education and suggestion of a new methodological test approach
- 2012
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In: 5th International Plagiarism Conference Proceedings & Abstracts 2012. - Newcastle GB : Iparadigms Europe Ltd. - 9780957311503
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigates the reliability of three originality check systems from the university teacher's perspective. It also describes a method for evaluating this type of systems. The three systems are examined with respect to the time used for the search, the ability to find plagiarism and the layout of the similarity report. The study was conducted in conjunction with the national procurement of a new national agreement for originality check systems and a Swedish higher education institution choice of a new system. The background is the teachers' use of the originality check system as part of the pedagogical efforts to prevent plagiarism and detect suspected fraud. The study does not discuss the whole plagiarism issue in higher education. Instead it focuses on the method used for the evaluation of and comparison between systems. Over 68,000 words from 167 plagiarized references, from different sources and subject areas were used to test the systems. The results show that systems can find only a portion of the plagiarized texts that were sent in to the systems for control and that there are major differences between the capabilities of the systems. 20, 63 and respectively 84 of the 167 references were indicated as plagiarism. Turnitin conducted searches of up to five minutes while the other two systems sometimes took considerably more time for the analysis. The investigation of the originality reports´ interface revealed that factors the evaluators considered differed between these systems. This disclosed that the reports can be more or less difficult to interpret. We can therefore not solely rely on the originality check system´s reliability. Consequently this leads to the conclusion that other educational activities should be emphasized as a much needed complement in the work of preventing and detecting fraud in the form of plagiarism
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Billstrom, R., et al.
(author)
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Acute myeloid leukemia with inv(16)(p13q22) : Involvement of cervical lymph nodes and tonsils is common and may be a negative prognostic sign
- 2002
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In: American Journal of Hematology. - : Wiley. - 0361-8609 .- 1096-8652. ; 71:1, s. 15-19
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with inv(16)(p13q22) or the variant t(16,16)(p13,q22), is strongly associated with the FAB subtype M4Eo. A high incidence of CNS involvement was reported in the 1980s, but otherwise little is known about the pattern of extamedullary leukemia (EML) manifestations in this AML type. We have compiled clinical and cytogenetic data on 27 consecutive AML cases with inv(16)/t(16,16) from southern Sweden. In general, these AMLs displayed the clinical features that have previously been described as characteristic for this disease entity: low median age, hyperleukocytosis, M4Eo morphology, and a favorable prognosis. However, CNS leukemia was only seen in relapse in one patient diagnosed in 1980, whereas the most common EML manifestation in our series was lymphadenopathy (5/27, 19%), most often cervical with or without gross tonsillar enlargement. A review of previously published, clinically informative cases corroborates that lymphadenopathy, with preference for the cervical region, is the most common EML at diagnosis in inv(16)-positive AML (58/175, 33%). CNS leukemia, on the other hand, has been reported in only 17% of the cases, mostly in the relapse setting, with a diminishing frequency over time, possibly due to protective effects of high-dose cytarabine. Other reported EML sites include the scalp, ovaries, and the intestine. Cervicotonsillar EML was in our series associated with a shorter duration of first remission, (P< 0.05), and may hence prove to be an important clinical parameter when deciding treatment strategies in AML with inv(16)/t(16,16). © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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| 14. |
- Brunsell, Per, et al.
(author)
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Resistive wall mode feedback control experiments in EXTRAP T2R
- 2007
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In: 34th EPS Conference on Plasma Physics 2007, EPS 2007 - Europhysics Conference Abstracts. - 9781622763344 ; , s. 544-547
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Experiments in EXTRAP T2R on RWM stabilization using intelligent shell feedback with a P-controller showed that mode suppression improves with increasing gain up to the system stability limit. A PD-controller gives faster response and allows operation with higher gain. The PI-controller is useful for suppression of modes driven by external resonant field error. Best mode suppression was in the present study achieved with a PID-controller.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Einarsdottir, Berglind Osk, 1979, et al.
(author)
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A patient-derived xenograft pre-clinical trial reveals treatment responses and a resistance mechanism to karonudib in metastatic melanoma
- 2018
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In: Cell Death & Disease. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-4889. ; 9:8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Karonudib (TH1579) is a novel compound that exerts anti-tumor activities and has recently entered phase I clinical testing. The aim of this study was to conduct a pre-clinical trial in patient-derived xenografts to identify the possible biomarkers of response or resistance that could guide inclusion of patients suffering from metastatic melanoma in phase II clinical trials. Patient-derived xenografts from 31 melanoma patients with metastatic disease were treated with karonudib or a vehicle for 18 days. Treatment responses were followed by measuring tumor sizes, and the models were categorized in the response groups. Tumors were harvested and processed for RNA sequencing and protein analysis. To investigate the effect of karonudib on T-cell-mediated anti-tumor activities, tumor-infiltrating T cells were injected in mice carrying autologous tumors and the mice treated with karonudib. We show that karonudib has heterogeneous anti-tumor effect on metastatic melanoma. Thus, based on the treatment responses, we could divide the 31 patient-derived xenografts in three treatment groups: progression group (32%), suppression group (42%), and regression group (26%). Furthermore, we show that karonudib has anti-tumor effect, irrespective of major melanoma driver mutations. Also, we identify high expression of ABCB1, which codes for p-gp pumps as a resistance biomarker. Finally, we show that karonudib treatment does not hamper T-cell-mediated anti-tumor responses. These findings can be used to guide future use of karonudib in clinical use with a potential approach as precision medicine.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Ek Olofsson, Henric, et al.
(author)
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Are cortical microvascular raspberries caused by cerebral hypoperfusion? An exploratory pathological study
- 2021
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In: Cerebral Circulation - Cognition and Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-2450. ; 2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: This retrospective study investigated a cortical microvascular formation, termed a ‘raspberry’ due to its appearance under a bright-field microscope. We examined whether there is support for the hypothesis that raspberry formation is an angiogenic process induced by cerebral hypoperfusion. Materials and Methods: Raspberries were manually quantified in haematoxylin and eosin-stained cortical sections from the anterior frontal lobe of deceased individuals who had undergone a diagnostic neuropathological examination at the Department of Pathology, Lund, Sweden, during April 2019–January 2021. Subjects represented consecutively received cases during this 22-month period. The raspberry density was compared between subjects according to variables collected from medical records and autopsy reports: age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, orthostatic hypotension, chronic heart failure, acute circulatory failure, aortic atherosclerosis, atherosclerosis of the basal cerebral arteries (referred to as ‘cerebral atherosclerosis’), cerebral small vessel disease, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, cerebral infarction, and ischaemic white matter disease. Results: 62 subjects were included. The mean age was 71.9 years (range 46–97 years). 21 subjects (33.9%) were female. Independent-samples t-test showed a higher raspberry density in subjects with cerebral atherosclerosis (p = 0.029; 95% CI 0.7, 11.6 raspberries/cm²). The higher raspberry density in subjects with cerebral atherosclerosis remained in multiple linear regression (p = 0.003; 95% CI 2.3, 11.1 raspberries/cm²). Conclusion: This exploratory study indicates that cortical raspberries could be associated with cerebral atherosclerosis. The remaining results were inconclusive but motivate further examination of variables such as acute circulatory failure.
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| 20. |
- Ek Olofsson, Henric, et al.
(author)
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On the regional distribution of cerebral microvascular ‘raspberries’ and their association with cerebral atherosclerosis and acute circulatory failure
- 2023
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In: Cerebral Circulation - Cognition and Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-2450. ; 4, s. 1-5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- IntroductionIn this follow-up study, cerebral microvascular formations termed ‘raspberries’ were quantified according to cerebral atherosclerosis (C-ASCL) and acute circulatory failure (ACF). We also examined the regional distribution of raspberries throughout the brain.Materials and methodsThe study population consisted of adult individuals who had undergone a diagnostic neuropathological autopsy. Groups were formed to examine the association between raspberries, C-ASCL and ACF (control group, C-ASCL group, C-ASCL+ACF group [n = 47 per group] and a combined C-ASCL-tot group [n = 94]). To examine the regional distribution, additional groups were formed based on previously known raspberry densities of the frontal cortex (high-, medium- and low-density group [n = 6 per group]). Raspberries were quantified on scanned haematoxylin-eosin-stained sections.ResultsCortical raspberry density did not differ at a statistically significant level between the control group, the C-ASCL group and the C-ASCL+ACF group (P = 0.10) but did so between the control group and the C-ASCL-tot group (P = 0.033). The total raspberry density of the high-, medium- and low-density groups differed at a statistically significant level (P = 0.005), which remained in group-to-group comparisons of the high- and medium-density groups (P = 0.015) and the high- and low-density groups (P = 0.002). Raspberries were rare in cerebral white matter and in the cerebellum.ConclusionAn association between raspberry density and C-ASCL is supported but is weaker than previously indicated. An association with ACF is not indicated. The raspberry density of the frontal cortex provides an approximation of the brain's total raspberry density.
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| 21. |
- Ekvall, Tomas, 1963, et al.
(author)
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Avfall som bränsle
- 2004
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- SammanfattningBakgrundAvfallet blir ett allt viktigare bränsle för fjärrvärmeproduktionen. Det är en följd av förbudet mot att deponera brännbart avfall. En framtida, stor import av avfall förstärker den effekten. Avfallsförbränningen påverkar också elsystemet. Fjärrvärme från avfall konkurrerar å ena sidan ut elbaserad fjärrvärme. Å andra sidan konkurrerar konventionell avfallsförbränning också ut annan, mer effektiv kraftvärmeproduktion. Forskningens inriktningSedan 1987 har Energisystemteknik arbetat med systemstudier av lokala, regionala och nationella avfallshanteringssystem. Vår huvudinriktning är att analysera och utveckla metoder och modeller för att analysera det övergripande avfallshanteringssystemet med fokus på energirelaterade frågor. Under treårsperioden 2001-2003 inriktades forskningsverksamheten vid avfallsgruppen framförallt på fyra delprojekt:Avfallsförbränning i de framtida fjärrvärmesystemen. Avfallsförbränningen i Sverige kommer att nästan fördubblas under de närmaste åren. Det har givit upphov till många känslor och åsikter, inte bara inom avfallsområdet, utan även hos fjärrvärmeaktörerna. I detta delprojekt studerade vi vilka bränslen avfallet konkurrerar med i fjärrvärmesektorn, och hur kraftvärmeproduktionen påverkas av utbyggnaden.Import av avfallsbränslen. Under de senaste tio åren har avfallsbranschen fört åtskilliga diskussioner kring frågor om import av avfallsbaserade bränslen. Kärnfrågan har varit om man ska förhindra, acceptera eller till och med förorda avfallshandel mellan länderna inom Norden och EU. I detta delprojekt studerar vi drivkrafterna för avfallsimport, och hur dessa drivkrafter kan utvecklas i framtiden.Slam som bränsle och näringsämne. På grund av tungmetallhalter och larmrapporter rörande t ex risken för spridning av sjukdomar och bromerade flamskyddsmedel, har det blivit svårt att få avsättning för slam på åkermark. År 2005 införs dessutom ett förbud mot deponering av organiskt avfall vilket även kommer att gälla för slam. Mot denna bakgrund växer nya tekniker och metoder fram för att behandla slammet och utvinna energi och/eller näringsämnen ur det. Vi har studerat de effekter framväxande teknikerna ger upphov till i avfallshanteringssystemet, energisystemet och vatten- och avloppsreningssystemet.Ny avfallsteknik. En trolig följd av att allt mer avfall styrs mot förbränning är att mottagningsavgifterna till avfallsförbränning stiger kraftigt. Då ökar incitamenten för andra aktörer att utveckla ny teknik som har andra egenskaper än avfallsförbränning, t ex en större elproduktion eller en mer stabil restprodukt. I detta delprojekt fokuserar vi på pyrolys och annan förgasning av avfallet. Vi jämför dessa mot konventionell avfallsförbränning. ResultatSom en följd av deponiförbudet för brännbart avfall planerar fjärrvärmeföretagen i Sverige att nästan fördubbla avfallsförbränningen. Det kommer att påverka fjärrvärmeproduktionen olika i olika kommuner. Sett över hela landet kommer mängden fjärrvärme från avfall att öka med 6,6 TWh/år. Den totala mängden fjärrvärme blir dock bara 0,9 TWh/år större. Det betyder att 5,7 TWh/år av annan fjärrvärmeproduktion konkurreras ut. Det är framförallt fjärrvärmeproduktion baserad på biobränsle (3,3 TWh/år), men även fjärrvärme som produceras med olja (0,6 TWh/år), naturgas (0,5 TWh/år), spillvärme (0,4 TWh/år), värmepumpar (0,3 TWh/år) mm. I teorin kan avfall användas för att minska användningen av fossila bränslen. Våra resultat visar att avfallet i praktiken snarare konkurrerar ut biobränslen från fjärrvärmeproduktionen. Om syftet är att minimera den totala användningen av fossila bränslen, behöver det biobränsle som konkurreras ut från fjärrvärmesektorn hitta andra marknader.Mottagningsavgifterna till avfallsförbränning är betydligt lägre i Sverige än i Tyskland, Norge, Holland och Danmark. En viktig förutsättning för att kunna hålla ned kostnaderna vid avfallsförbränning är att det finns avsättning för den utvunna energin. I detta avseende har Sverige en gynnsam position i jämförelse med Norge, Holland och Tyskland. I Sverige liksom i Danmark är fjärrvärmen väl utbyggd, vilket innebär stora marknader för den utvunna energin. Svensk avfallsförbränning gynnas också av energi- och koldioxidskatterna som utgår på förbränning av fossila bränslen. Dessa skatter har drivit upp produktionskostnaderna för fjärrvärmeproduktion vilket innebär att värdet på värmen som framställs från avfallet har ökat. Deponiförbud och höga deponiskatter i Danmark, Norge och Holland samt skatt på avfallsförbränning i Danmark och Norge ger också ekonomiska incitament till att transportera avfallet till förbränning i Sverige. Återföring av slam till åkermark har lägre kostnader men större miljöpåverkan än de övriga alternativ för slamhantering som vi studerat: samförbränning av slam och avfall, BioCon-processen och Cambi-KREPRO-processen. Samförbränning har högst kostnader men minst miljöpåverkan. De två andra teknikerna, som syftar till att både utvinna fosfor och energi ur slammet, är nya och oprövade i kommersiella sammanhang. Data över dessa tekniker är därmed behäftade med stora osäkerheter. Skillnaderna mellan de två nya teknikerna är dock relativt liten. Resultaten gäller specifikt för Göteborg. För att generalisera dem till hela Sverige krävs en analys av effekterna i de lokala fjärrvärmesystem som berörs.Det är svårt att producera elenergi effektivt med avfall som bränsle. Därför kommer den planerade utbyggnaden av avfallsförbränning att leda till att potentialen för elproduktion i kraftvärmeverk minskar med ca 0,4 TWh/år. En större mängd elenergi skulle kunna produceras från avfallet om det förgasas eller pyrolyseras och man eldar den bildade gasen. Pyrolys eller förgasning har också fördelen att askan kan bli mindre farlig än vid vanlig avfallsförbränning. Det verkar dock vara svårt att göra dessa tekniker kommersiellt konkurrenskraftiga.
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| 22. |
- Eriksson, Ola, et al.
(author)
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How model-based systems analysis can be improved for waste management planning
- 2003
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In: Waste Management & Research. - 0734-242X .- 1096-3669. ; 21:6, s. 488-500
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Waste management models have been developed worldwide since the late 1960s. The overall aim of the models is to assist decision makers who are facing a complex task in order to handle waste in a cost-efficient and environmentally sound way. International research publications regarding waste management models point out the major benefits to be their capacity to deal with complexity and uncertainty and of finding benefits of co-operation and handling different goals. Such models have been developed and used successfully in Swedish research projects since the beginning of the 1990s, but the current situation is that such models are rarely requested for waste management planning in the country. Based on case studies (with the waste management models MIMES/Waste and ORWARE) in the Swedish municipality of Jönköping and a follow-up study, the paper discusses and draws conclusions on how to improve and increase the use of models to better correspond to the needs of decision makers involved in waste management planning.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Forsberg, Elin, et al.
(author)
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HER2 CAR-T Cells Eradicate Uveal Melanoma and T-cell Therapy-Resistant Human Melanoma in IL2 Transgenic NOD/SCID IL2 Receptor Knockout Mice
- 2019
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In: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472. ; 79:5, s. 899-904
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) can transmit signals akin to those from activated T-cell receptors when bound to a cell surface target. CAR-expressing T cells against CD19 can cause curative effects in leukemia and lymphoma and is approved for clinical use. However, no CAR-T therapy is currently approved for use in solid tumors. We hypothesize that the resistance of solid tumors to CAR-T can be overcome by similar means as those used to reactivate tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL), for example, by cytokines or immune checkpoint blockade. Here we demonstrate that CAR-T cells directed against HER2 can kill uveal and cutaneous melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Curative effects in vivo were only observed in xenografts grown in a NOD/SCID IL2 receptor gamma (NOG) knockout mouse strain transgenic for human IL2. The effect was target-specific, as CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of HER2 in the melanoma cells abrogated the killing effect of the CAR-T cells. The CAR-T cells were also able to kill melanoma cells from patients resistant to adoptive T-cell transfer (ACT) of autologous TILs. Thus, CAR-T therapy represents an option for patients that do not respond to immunotherapy with ACT of TIL or immune checkpoint blockade. In addition, our data highlight the use of IL2 transgenic NOG mice as models to prove efficacy of CAR-T-cell products, possibly even in a personalized manner. Significance: These findings demonstrate that a novel humanized mouse model can help clinical translation of CAR-T cells against uveal and cutaneous melanoma that do not respond to TIL therapy or immune checkpoint blockade.
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| 25. |
- Granholm, Ann-Helen, et al.
(author)
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Estimating vertical canopy cover using dense image-based point cloud data in four vegetation types in southern Sweden
- 2017
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In: International Journal of Remote Sensing. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0143-1161 .- 1366-5901. ; 38, s. 1820-1838
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study had the aim of investigating the utility of image-based point cloud data for estimation of vertical canopy cover (VCC). An accurate measure of VCC based on photogrammetric matching of aerial images would aid in vegetation mapping, especially in areas where aerial imagery is acquired regularly. The test area is located in southern Sweden and was divided into four vegetation types with sparse to dense tree cover: unmanaged coniferous forest; pasture areas with deciduous tree cover; wetland; and managed coniferous forest. Aerial imagery with a ground sample distance of 0.24 m was photogrammetrically matched to produce dense image-based point cloud data. Two different image matching software solutions were used and compared: MATCH-T DSM by Trimble and SURE by nFrames. The image-based point clouds were normalized using a digital terrain model derived from airborne laser scanner (ALS) data. The canopy cover metric vegetation ratio was derived from the image-based point clouds, as well as from raster-based canopy height models (CHMs) derived from the point clouds. Regression analysis was applied with vegetation ratio derived from near nadir ALS data as the dependent variable and metrics derived from image-based point cloud data as the independent variables. Among the different vegetation types, vegetation ratio derived from the image-based point cloud data generated by using MATCH-T resulted in relative root mean square errors (rRMSE) of VCC ranging from 6.1% to 29.3%. Vegetation ratio based on point clouds from SURE resulted in rRMSEs ranging from 7.3% to 37.9%. Use of the vegetation ratio based on CHMs generated from the image-based point clouds resulted in similar, yet slightly higher values of rRMSE.
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| 26. |
- Grenfeldt, Mattias, et al.
(author)
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Attacking Websites Using HTTP Request Smuggling : Empirical Testing of Servers and Proxies
- 2021
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In: 2021 IEEE 25th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 173-181
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Securing web servers and proxies is critical for enterprise networks. Such Internet-facing systems make up a significant portion of the remote attack surface and, thus, serve as prime targets. HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS) is a vulnerability that arises when web servers and proxies interpret the length of a single HTTP request differently. In this study, empirical testing was used to find parsing behaviors that could lead to HRS in six popular proxies and six servers. A literature study was conducted to compile a corpus containing requests adopting all known HRS techniques and different variations. A test harness was built to enable the automatic sending of requests and recording of responses. The responses were then manually analyzed to identify behaviors vulnerable to HRS. In total, 19 vulnerable behaviors were found, and by combining the proxies with the servers, two almost full and four full attacks could be performed. At least one behavior that went against the HTTP specification was found in every system tested. However, not all of these behaviors enabled HRS. In conclusion, most proxies had strict parsing and did not accept requests that could lead to HRS. The servers, however, were not so strict.
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| 27. |
- Gutte, Henrik, et al.
(author)
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Automated interpretation of PET/CT images in patients with lung cancer.
- 2007
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In: Nuclear Medicine Communications. - 1473-5628. ; 28:2, s. 79-84
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose: To develop a completely automated method based on image processing techniques and artificial neural networks for the interpretation of combined [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) images for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. Methods: A total of 87 patients who underwent PET/CT examinations due to suspected lung cancer comprised the training group. The test group consisted of PET/CT images from 49 patients suspected with lung cancer. The consensus interpretations by two experienced physicians were used as the 'gold standard' image interpretation. The training group was used in the development of the automated method. The image processing techniques included algorithms for segmentation of the lungs based on the CT images and detection of lesions in the PET images. Lung boundaries from the CT images were used for localization of lesions in the PET images in the feature extraction process. Eight features from each examination were used as inputs to artificial neural networks trained to classify the images. Thereafter, the performance of the network was evaluated in the test set. Results: The performance of the automated method measured as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, was 0.97 in the test group, with an accuracy of 92%. The sensitivity was 86% at a specificity of 100%. Conclusions: A completely automated method using artificial neural networks can be used to detect lung cancer with such a high accuracy that the application as a clinical decision support tool appears to have significant potential.
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| 28. |
- Göransson, Melker, 1974, et al.
(author)
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The myxoid liposarcoma FUS-DDIT3 fusion oncoprotein deregulates NF-kappaB target genes by interaction with NFKBIZ.
- 2009
-
In: Oncogene. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5594 .- 0950-9232. ; 28:2, s. 270-8
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- FUS (also called TLS), EWSR1 and TAF15 (also called TAF2N) are related genes involved in tumor type-specific fusion oncogenes in human malignancies. The FUS-DDIT3 fusion oncogene results from a t(12;16)(q13;p11) chromosome translocation and has a causative role in the initiation of myxoid/round cell liposarcomas (MLS/RCLS). The FUS-DDIT3 protein induces increased expression of the CAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-controlled gene IL8, and the N-terminal FUS part is required for this activation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that FUS-DDIT3 binds the IL8 promoter. Expression studies of the IL8 promoter harboring a C/EBP-NF-kappaB composite site pinpointed the importance of NF-kappaB for IL8 expression in FUS-DDIT3-expressing cells. We therefore probed for possible interaction of FUS-DDIT3 with members of the NF-kappaB family. The nuclear factor NFKBIZ colocalizes with FUS-DDIT3 in nuclear structures, and immunoprecipitation experiments showed that FUS-DDIT3 binds the C-terminal of NFKBIZ. We also report that additional NF-kappaB-controlled genes are upregulated at the mRNA level in FUS-DDIT3-expressing cell lines and they can be induced by NFKBIZ. Taken together, the results indicate that FUS-DDIT3 deregulates some NF-kappaB-controlled genes through interactions with NFKBIZ. Similar mechanisms may be a part of the transformation process in other tumor types carrying FUS, EWSR1 and TAF15 containing fusion oncogenes.
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| 29. |
- Hardalupas, Y, et al.
(author)
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Chemiluminescence sensor for local equivalence ratio of reacting mixtures of fuel and air (FLAMESEEK)
- 2004
-
In: Applied Thermal Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-4311. ; 24:11-12, s. 1619-1632
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper describes a Cassegrain optics-based chemiluminescence sensor (CS) for measurements in gas turbine combustors. The chemiluminescence sensor measures the equivalence ratio of reacting fuel and air mixtures, and can identify the flame location, in partially premixed flames. It has the potential for monitoring the degree of premixedness of reacting fuel and air in industrial gas turbine combustors, where operation with lean premixed mixtures is important for reduction of NO, emissions. The spatial resolution of the sensor is evaluated by comparing OH* chemiluminescence measurement from the CS with laser induced OH fluorescence, in the cone-shaped premixed flame of a Bunsen burner. The ability of the sensor to measure in a modified micro-gas turbine environment burning a methane/air, as well as, a methane/ water/air flame (humidified flame) is also demonstrated.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Heldt, Tobias, et al.
(author)
-
Peace & Love 2011 : Uppskattning av festivalens ekonomiska betydelse via segmenteringsansatsen
- 2011
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Syftet med denna rapport är att kartlägga samt värdera och presentera ekonomiska effekterkopplade till Peace & Love festivalen 2011 genom att tillämpa segmenteringsansatsen.Utgångspunkten är en uppdelning av festivalbesökarna i olika kategorier (segment) som därefteranvänds för att skatta den direkta ekonomiska effekten av festivalen. Uppskattningen av deekonomiska effekter som presenteras är baserade på enkätsvar från 1036 festivalbesökare samt1540 intervjuer vid entréerna.Resultatet från studien pekar på att den traditionella metoden med uppskattning av effekter via enuppdelning av konsumtion mellan turister och icke turister överskattar den totala effekten jämförtmed uppskattning via boendesegmentering med ca 10 procent. Den totala effekten viaboendesegmentering uppskattas till dryga 185 Mkr. Besökarnas konsumtion i samband medPeace & Love festivalen kan omräknas till 61,85 helårsverken. Peace & Love festivalen beräknasskapa drygt 22 helårsverken inom restaurang och handel i Borlängeregionen utöver de 23helårsverken som festivalorganisationen skapar.
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| 33. |
- Heldt, Tobias, 1972-, et al.
(author)
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Svenska Skidspelen 2012 : Förstudie kring ekonomisk effekt- och konsumtionsmätning inför Skid-VM i Falun 2015
- 2012
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna rapport ska ses som en förstudie kring metoder för insamling av information över besökarna vid Svenska Skidspelen samt för att uppskatta Skidspelens ekonomiska betydelse. Resultaten baseras på insamlat material via enkäter till besökare till Skidspelen 2012. Totalt 404 svar i enkätform från besökare inom området samt från bil och bussåkande besökare har använts i analysen. Därutöver intervjuades 718 besökare vid entrén om ålder, bostadsort, vistelselängd samt färdmedel till evenemanget. Rapporten innehåller uppskattningar av Skidspelens ekonomiska betydelse med hjälp av flera typer av modeller; turism-, boende- samt ålderssegmenteringsmodell. Resultat från studien visar att engångskostnader för boende, resor och biljett kunde uppskattas relativt bra, medan konsumtion under dagen inte fångades tillräckligt bra i någon modell. Resultaten från studien visar också att en försiktig uppskattning av Skidspelens ekonomiska betydelse mätt som direkt konsumtion kan sägas ligga mellan 14 - 18 miljoner kr för år 2012. För att få ett mer korrekt resultat vid eventuella vidare studier eller vid studier av Skid-VM 2015 i Falun så bör en samhällsekonomisk välfärds analys göras för att inkludera samtliga effekter. Beräkningen av Skidspelens ekonomiska effekt skulle kunna göras mer precis genom att tillfråga ett större urval av besökare samt utveckla insamlingen av data över besökarnas totala konsumtion kopplat till besöket vid Svenska Skidspelen.
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| 34. |
- Johansson, Tim, et al.
(author)
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Energy performance certificates and 3-dimensional city models as a means to reach national targets : A case study of the city of Kiruna
- 2016
-
In: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 116, s. 42-57
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Enhanced dissemination of information regarding energy saving and climate change targeted toward property owners is considered to be an important strategy in order to reach the Swedish national target of energy efficiency in the building sector by 2050. Here the municipality energy advisors and the national register for energy performance certificates can facilitate the mitigation of energy use in the building stock. So far few studies have focused on the practical road map to the national target of energy use on the city/district level and to the communication aspects with stakeholders in the creation of energy city models.In this paper a city energy model is developed based on the requests and need for visualization from a group of energy advisors. Six different scenarios are studied in order to analyze the possibility of reaching the energy targets specified by the government in the town of Kiruna. The results show that: (1) it is possible to automatically create city energy models using extract, transform and load tools based on spatial and non-spatial data from national registers and databases; (2) city energy models improve the understanding of energy use in buildings and can therefore be a valuable tool for energy advisors, real estate companies and urban planners. The case study of Kiruna showed that the proposed energy saving measures in the energy performance certificates need to be implemented and new buildings in the urban transformation must be of high energy standard in order to reach the national target in Kiruna.
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| 35. |
- Lind, Ted, et al.
(author)
-
Simultaneous PLIF Imaging of OH and PLII Imaging of Soot for Studying the Late-Cycle Soot Oxidation in an Optical Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine
- 2016
-
In: SAE International Journal of Engines. - : SAE International. - 1946-3936 .- 1946-3944. ; 9:2, s. 849-858
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effects of injection pressure and swirl ratio on the in-cylinder soot oxidation are studied using simultaneous PLIF imaging of OH and LII imaging of soot in an optical diesel engine. Images are acquired after the end of injection in the recirculation zone between two adjacent diesel jets. Scalars are extracted from the images and compared with trends in engine-out soot emissions. The soot emissions decrease monotonically with increasing injection pressure but show a non-linear dependence on swirl ratio. The total amount of OH in the images is negatively correlated with the soot emissions, as is the spatial proximity between the OH and soot regions. This indicates that OH is an important soot oxidizer and that it needs to be located close to the soot to perform this function. The total amount of soot in the images shows no apparent correlation with the soot emissions, indicating that the amount of soot formed is a poor predictor of the emission trends.
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| 36. |
- Lindbergh, Lars, et al.
(author)
-
Public Housing in Sweden : The Umeå Two-Step
- 2017
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Comparative housing analyses often find that Swedish public housing represents an interesting story because it provides a good class of rental housing to all sections of the population. This approach has been called the “Swedish public housing model”. An in-depth case study has been used to develop a system-wide understanding of a participant’s involvement in its housing market. In this case study, the public utility/energy and water-sewage/solid waste companies played a significant role in the company’s ability to serve the local community. It thus behooves us to compare and connect the different components in the public housing company business model to complete the analysis of success in the value chain. Two-levels describe the situation. At the first level, the municipal public housing (MPH) organization is seen as functioning as a tenant-oriented, quasi-municipal utility within a value network composed of the municipality + the energy utility + the water-sewage/solid waste company. At the second level, a Shaffer analysis shows general harmony among the operations of each organization. In particular, the MPH provides value-for-money rentals within the municipality and helps tenants turn their flats into homes. Additionally, continued appreciation of its base assets and apparent economies of scale were instrumental in the success of the operations at the tactical level. Insofar as the Swedish public housing model is undergoing a shift to be more “business-like”, this study indicates how the model successfully works at the individual company level. Because there are certain commonalities with other organizations in public management, observations may be relevant in their successful operations.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Muralidharan, Somsundar Veppil, et al.
(author)
-
BET bromodomain inhibitors synergize with ATR inhibitors in melanoma in melanoma.
- 2017
-
In: Cell Death & Disease. - 2041-4889. ; 8:8, s. 1-7
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Metastatic malignant melanoma continues to be a challenging disease despite clinical translation of the comprehensive understanding of driver mutations and how melanoma cells evade immune attack. In Myc-driven lymphoma, efficacy of epigenetic inhibitors of the bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family of bromodomain proteins can be enhanced by combination therapy with inhibitors of the DNA damage response kinase ATR. Whether this combination is active in solid malignancies like melanoma, and how it relates to immune therapy, has not previously investigated. To test efficacy and molecular consequences of combination therapies cultured melanoma cells were used. To assess tumor responses to therapies in vivo we use patient-derived xenografts and B6 mice transplanted with B16F10 melanoma cells. Concomitant inhibition of BET proteins and ATR of cultured melanoma cells resulted in similar effects as recently shown in lymphoma, such as induction of apoptosis and p62, implicated in autophagy, senescence-associated secretory pathway and ER stress. In vivo, apoptosis and suppression of subcutaneous growth of patient-derived melanoma and B16F10 cells were observed. Our data suggest that ATRI/BETI combination therapies are effective in melanoma.
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| 40. |
- Nandi, Saikat, et al.
(author)
-
Generation of entanglement using a short-wavelength seeded free-electron laser
- 2024
-
In: Science Advances. - 2375-2548. ; 10:16, s. 0668-0668
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Quantum entanglement between the degrees of freedom encountered in the classical world is challenging to observe due to the surrounding environment. To elucidate this issue, we investigate the entanglement generated over ultrafast timescales in a bipartite quantum system comprising two massive particles: a free-moving photoelectron, which expands to a mesoscopic length scale, and a light-dressed atomic ion, which represents a hybrid state of light and matter. Although the photoelectron spectra are measured classically, the entanglement allows us to reveal information about the dressed-state dynamics of the ion and the femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses delivered by a seeded free-electron laser. The observed generation of entanglement is interpreted using the time-dependent von Neumann entropy. Our results unveil the potential for using short-wavelength coherent light pulses from free-electron lasers to generate entangled photoelectron and ion systems for studying spooky action at a distance.
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| 41. |
- Nandi, Saikat, et al.
(author)
-
Generation of entanglement using a short-wavelength seeded free-electron laser
- 2024
-
In: SCIENCE ADVANCES. - 2375-2548. ; 10:16
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Quantum entanglement between the degrees of freedom encountered in the classical world is challenging to observe due to the surrounding environment. To elucidate this issue, we investigate the entanglement generated over ultrafast timescales in a bipartite quantum system comprising two massive particles: a free-moving photoelectron, which expands to a mesoscopic length scale, and a light-dressed atomic ion, which represents a hybrid state of light and matter. Although the photoelectron spectra are measured classically, the entanglement allows us to reveal information about the dressed-state dynamics of the ion and the femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses delivered by a seeded free-electron laser. The observed generation of entanglement is interpreted using the time-dependent von Neumann entropy. Our results unveil the potential for using short-wavelength coherent light pulses from free-electron lasers to generate entangled photoelectron and ion systems for studying spooky action at a distance.
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| 42. |
- Nandi, Saikat, et al.
(author)
-
Observation of Rabi dynamics with a short-wavelength free-electron laser
- 2022
-
In: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 608:7923
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rabi oscillations are periodic modulations of populations in two-level systems interacting with a time-varying field(1). They are ubiquitous in physics with applications in different areas such as photonics(2), nano-electronics(3), electron microscopy(4) and quantum information(5). While the theory developed by Rabi was intended for fermions in gyrating magnetic fields, Autler and Townes realized that it could also be used to describe coherent light-matter interactions within the rotating-wave approximation(6). Although intense nanometre-wavelength light sources have been available for more than a decade(7-9), Rabi dynamics at such short wavelengths has not been directly observed. Here we show that femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet pulses from a seeded free-electron laser(10) can drive Rabi dynamics between the ground state and an excited state in helium atoms. The measured photoelectron signal reveals an Autler-Townes doublet and an avoided crossing, phenomena that are both fundamental to coherent atom-field interactions(11). Using an analytical model derived from perturbation theory on top of the Rabi model, we find that the ultrafast build-up of the doublet structure carries the signature of a quantum interference effect between resonant and non-resonant photoionization pathways. Given the recent availability of intense attosecond(12) and few-femtosecond(13) extreme-ultraviolet pulses, our results unfold opportunities to carry out ultrafast manipulation of coherent processes at short wavelengths using free-electron lasers.
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| 43. |
- Nandi, Saikat, et al.
(author)
-
Unraveling Rabi dynamics with a seeded FEL at XUV wavelength
- 2023
-
In: 2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and European Quantum Electronics Conference, CLEO/Europe-EQEC 2023. - 9798350345995
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Rabi oscillations, a prominent feature of coherent light-matter interaction arise when a two-level system interacts periodically with an external electromagnetic field [1]. Despite being a cornerstone in quantum physics, they are usually studied in the long-wavelength region, ranging from mid-infrared to visible. Here, we demonstrate that intense femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses from FERMI seeded free-electron laser [2] can drive Rabi oscillations between the two levels: 1s2 and 1s4p in helium.
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| 44. |
- Nogenmyr, Karl-Johan, et al.
(author)
-
Large Eddy Simulation and Experiments of Stratified Lean Premixed Methane/Air Turbulent Flames
- 2007
-
In: Proceedings of the Combustion Institute. - : Elsevier BV. - 1540-7489. ; 31:1, s. 1467-1475
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper presents a joint large eddy simulation and laser diagnostic investigation of premixed turbulent low swirl flames. A lean premixed methane/air mixture, of the equivalence ratio 0.60-0.66, is injected from a 50 mm diameter low swirl burner to a low speed co-flowing air at room temperature and pressure. The level-set G-equation is employed to simulate the inner layer flame front. Flamelet chemistry is used to determine the flame properties in the reactive zones. Mixing and heat transfer in the post-flame zone down-stream are modeled using transport equations. In addition to large eddy simulation, simultaneous 2-D laser induced fluorescence of OH and 2-D particle image velocimetry are used to characterize the basic flame structure. Laser Doppler velocimetry is employed to further analyze the flow velocity along the central axis above the burner, and 2-D filtered Rayleigh scattering is used to measure the temperature field in the lower part of the flame. A bowl-shaped, highly wrinkled turbulent flame is stabilized at a position about one-half diameter above the burner. The flame consists of two distinct parts; around the burner axis, a premixed flame with uniform mixture fraction is stabilized in the low speed flow region induced by the inflow swirl; off the axis of the burner, a stratified lean premixed flame is found in the shear layer of the flow field. Flame holes (local extinction) owing to overly lean mixtures are observed in the off-axis lean stratified part of the flame. A unified level-set G-equation is developed to model the flame holes. The basic flow and flame structure from the model simulations are compared to the laser diagnostic measurements; the height of flame stabilization (lift-off height), the mean temperature profile, and the mean axial and radial velocity components together with rms velocity components are in fairly good agreement with measurement data. © 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 45. |
- Olofsson, Erika, 1975-, et al.
(author)
-
FRAS-programmet, Inledning
- 2022
-
In: Skogsskötsel i södra Sverige - Slutrapport från FRAS-programmet 2017-2022. - Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet. - 9789157698605 - 9789157698599 ; , s. 7-9
-
Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 46. |
- Olofsson, Jessica, 1975, et al.
(author)
-
A microfluidics approach to the problem of creating separate solution environments accessible from macroscopic volumes
- 2004
-
In: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0003-2700 .- 1520-6882. ; 76:17, s. 4968-4976
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on a microfluidic device that generates separate solution environments in macroscopic volumes. Spatially distinct patterns are created by emitting fluids from 16 different sources (closely spaced microchannels) into a solution-filled macroscopic chamber. The fluid in neighboring microchannels couples viscously in the macroscopic container, generating one single interdigitated stream. Scanning nanoelectrode amperometry was used for characterizing the concentration landscape and the diffusion zones between solutions running in parallel at different coordinates in the stream. These experiments were complemented by finite element simulations of the Navier-Stokes and mass transport equations to describe the velocity distributions and the diffusion behavior. For in channel flow velocities of 50 mm·s -1 , patterns could persist on the order of millimeters to centimeters in the open volume. The most narrow diffusion zones with widths less than 10 μm (5-95% concentration change) were found some tens of micrometers out in the macroscopic container. We demonstrate that a 14-μm-diameter nearly spherical object (biological cell) attached to a micropipet can be moved from one solution environment to another by a lateral displacement of only 8 μm. The device is suitable for applications where the solution environment around a microscopic or nanoscopic sensor needs to be changed multiple times, i.e., in order to build layered structures, for obtaining binding isotherms, and kinetic information, for example, on ion channels, enzymes, and receptors as well as in applications where different loci on an object need to be exposed to different environments or where complex solution environments need to be created for studies of interfacial chemistry between two streaming layers.
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| 47. |
- Olofsson, Jimmy, et al.
(author)
-
Development of high temporally and spatially (three-dimensional) resolved formaldehyde measurements in combustion environments
- 2006
-
In: Review of Scientific Instruments. - : AIP Publishing. - 1089-7623 .- 0034-6748. ; 77:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the present article a multi-YAG laser cluster and a framing camera have been applied for ultrahigh framing rate and three-dimensional measurements of formaldehyde distribution in flames and engines. The measurement technique utilizes a laser/detection system which has been adopted for the generation of eight laser pulses at 355 nm. By combining these lasers with a framing camera, short movies showing the formaldehyde distributions in combustion phenomena can be recorded, by means of planar laser-induced fluorescence. The technique is successfully demonstrated in a laboratory flame as well as in an engine. In addition to the temporally resolved experiments also three-dimensional measurements are performed by sweeping the eight generated laser sheets across the flame by the use of a fast scanning mirror. By proper triggering of the laser sweep and the detector a three-dimensional image showing the formaldehyde distribution in the flame can be created, which is also demonstrated. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.
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| 48. |
- Olofsson, Jimmy, et al.
(author)
-
High-Speed Lif Imaging for Cycle-Resolved Formaldehyde Visualization in Hcci Combustion
- 2005
-
In: SAE, Session: Combustion and Flow Diagnostics. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International. ; 114:3, s. 645-652
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- High-speed laser diagnostics was utilized for single-cycle resolved studies of the formaldehyde distribution in the combustion chamber of an HCCI engine. A multi-YAG laser system consisting of four individual Q-switched, flash lamp-pumped Nd:YAG lasers has previously been developed in order to obtain laser pulses at 355 nm suitable for performing LIF measurements of the formaldehyde molecule. Bursts of up to eight pulses with very short time separation can be produced, allowing capturing of LIF image series with high temporal resolution. The system was used together with a high-speed framing camera employing eight intensified CCD modules, with a frame-rate matching the laser pulse repetition rate. The diagnostic system was used to study the combustion in a truck-size HCCI engine, running at 1200 rpm using n-heptane as fuel. By using laser pulses with time separations as short as 70 μs, cycle-resolved image sequences of the formaldehyde distribution were obtained. Thus, with this technique it is possible to follow the formaldehyde formation and consumption processes within a single cycle. The combustion evolution was studied in terms of the rate and spatial structure of formaldehyde formation and consumption for different engine operating conditions, e.g. different stoichiometries. Also, the impact on the rate of heat-release was investigated.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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