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Sökning: WFRF:(Olsson Gabriella)

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1.
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2.
  • Sandström, Gabriella, 1970-, et al. (författare)
  • Kan en myndighet vara rolig? [poddavsnitt]
  • 2020
  • Annan publikation (ljud/tal) (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Är det okej för myndigheter att skoja till det i sociala medier? Eller är det rent av olämpligt? Det här avsnittet av Svenskan i samhället handlar om att kombinera klarspråk med humor i myndighetskommunikation.
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3.
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4.
  • Brolin Låftman, Sara, et al. (författare)
  • Future orientation, gambling and risk gambling among youth : a study of adolescents in Stockholm
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Adolescence and Youth. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0267-3843 .- 2164-4527. ; 25:1, s. 52-62
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this study was to analyze the association between adolescents’ future orientation and their engagement in gambling and in risk gambling, respectively. The data used come from the Stockholm School Survey, collected in 2016 among students in the ninth grade in elementary school (15–16 years) and in the second grade of upper secondary school (17–18 years) in Stockholm municipality (n = 11,661). The results showed that adolescents who expected their future to be ‘much worse’ than that of others were more inclined to engage in gambling and in risk gambling compared with adolescents who expected their future to be similar to that of others. Furthermore, adolescents who expected their future to be ‘much better’ than that of others had an increased likelihood of engaging in gambling but not in risk gambling. The results are discussed in the light of elements from rational choice theory.
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5.
  • Brolin Låftman, Sara, 1974-, et al. (författare)
  • Perceived problematic alcohol use in the family and adolescents’ stress-related complaints : examining the buffering role of the school’s degree of student focus as rated by its teachers
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - 1471-2458. ; 23
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background A non-negligible proportion of children grow up with problematic alcohol use in the family. Problematic familial drinking can be regarded as a stressor, and prior studies have consistently reported poorer mental health among adolescents who are exposed. However, it is also of relevance to identify modifiable protective factors which may buffer against stress-related ill-health in this group of adolescents. One context where such factors may be present is the school. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between perceived problematic familial alcohol use and students’ stress-related complaints, and specifically to explore if the school’s degree of student focus can buffer against any such negative health consequences of problem drinking at home.Methods Data were drawn from four separate surveys, the Stockholm School Survey (SSS) and the Stockholm Teacher Survey (STS) conducted in 2014 and 2016 among 7,944 students (~ 15–16 years) and 2,024 teachers in 147 Stockholm senior-level school units. Perceived problematic familial alcohol use was measured by one item in the SSS. Stress-related complaints were captured by co-occurring somatic complaints and psychological distress, and reported by students in the SSS. The school’s student focus was measured by an index based on teachers’ ratings of four items in the STS. A set of covariates at the student and the school level were also included. Two-level binary logistic and linear regression models were performed.Results Perceived problematic familial alcohol use was linked with an increased likelihood of reporting co-occurring somatic complaints as well as psychological distress. Cross-level interactions revealed that the association between perceived problematic familial alcohol use and co-occurring somatic complaints was weaker among students attending schools with stronger teacher-rated student focus. Regarding psychological distress, the association was weaker for students attending schools with intermediate or strong teacher-rated student focus, compared with those attending schools with weaker teacher-rated student focus.Conclusions The findings provide support for the assumption that favourable conditions in schools can buffer against negative health consequences of problematic conditions in the family, thus serving a compensatory role.
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6.
  • Brolin Låftman, Sara, et al. (författare)
  • Problematic alcohol use in the family and adolescents’ stress-related complaints
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP).
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background. A non-negligible proportion of children grow up in families where problematic alcohol use is present. From a resilience perspective and for the implementation of effective interventions, it is relevant to examine to what extent favourable conditions in other contexts may buffer against such family adversities. The aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between problematic familial alcohol use and offspring stress-related complaints. Another aim was to explore whether teacher ratings of the school's degree of student focus can buffer against negative health consequences of problem drinking at home.Methods. Data were drawn from four cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2014 and in 2016 among 8,728 students (∼15-16 years) and 2,024 teachers in 147 Stockholm senior-level school units, with linked school-level register information. Stress-related complaints were measured from students' reports on the weekly co-occurrence of stomach-ache and headache. Teachers' ratings of the school's student focus were measured by an index based on four items which was aggregated to the school level. Student-level sociodemographic characteristics were included as control variables along with the schools' composition and student-teacher ratio. Two-level binary logistic regression analyses were performed.Results. Problematic familial alcohol use was associated with an increased likelihood of stress-related complaints among students (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.44-2.10). The cross-level interaction revealed that this association was weaker among students in schools with higher levels of student focus.Conclusions. The study showed that the association between problematic familial alcohol use and students' stress-related complaints was less pronounced in schools with higher teacher ratings of student focus. This finding indicates that favourable conditions in schools can buffer against problematic conditions in the family, thus serving a compensatory role.Key messages. Students reporting problematic familial alcohol use were more likely to suffer from stress-related complaints.High teacher ratings of the school’s student focus buffered against the association between problematic familial alcohol use and stress-related complaints.
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7.
  • Brolin Låftman, Sara, et al. (författare)
  • School ethos and adolescent gambling : a multilevel study of upper secondary schools in Stockholm, Sweden
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 20:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Gambling is not uncommon among adolescents, and a non-trivial minority has serious problems with gambling. Therefore, enhanced knowledge about factors that may prevent against problematic gambling among youth is needed. Prior research has shown that a strong school ethos, which can be defined as a set of attitudes and values pervading at a school, is associated with a lower inclination among students to engage in various risk behaviours. Knowledge about the link between school ethos and adolescent gambling is however scarce. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between teacher-rated school ethos and student-reported gambling and risk gambling, when controlling also for sociodemographic characteristics at the student- and the school-level.Methods: Data from two separate cross-sectional surveys were combined. The Stockholm School Survey (SSS) was performed among 5123 students (aged 17–18years) in 46 upper secondary schools, and the Stockholm Teacher Survey (STS) was carried out among 1061 teachers in the same schools. School ethos was measured by an index based on teachers’ ratings of 12 items in the STS. Adolescent gambling and risk gambling were based on a set of single items in the SSS. Sociodemographic characteristics at the student-level were measured by student-reported information from the SSS. Information on sociodemographic characteristics at the school-level was retrieved from administrative registers. The statistical method was multilevel regression analysis. Two-level binary logistic regression models were performed.Results: The analyses showed that higher teacher ratings of the school’s ethos were associated with a lower likelihood of gambling and risk gambling among students, when adjusting also for student- and school-level sociodemographic characteristics.Conclusions: This study showed that school ethos was inversely associated with students’ inclination to engage in gambling and in risk gambling. In more general terms, the study provides evidence that schools’ values and norms as reflected by the teachers’ ratings of their school’s ethos have the potential to counteract unwanted behaviours among the students.
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8.
  • Carlsson, Björn, et al. (författare)
  • Enantioselective Analysis of Citalopram and Metabolites in Adolescents
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Therapeutic drug monitoring. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0163-4356. ; 23, s. 658-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Studies of the antidepressant effect and pharmacokinetics of citalopram have been performed in adults, but the effects on children and adolescents have only been studied to a minor extent despite its increasing use in these age groups. The aim of this study was to investigate a group of adolescents treated for depression, with respect to the steady-state plasma concentrations of the enantiomers of citalopram and its demethylated metabolites desmethylcitalopram and didesmethylcitalopram. Moreover, the authors studied the genotypes for the polymorphic cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 in relation to the different enantiomers. The S/R ratios of citalopram and desmethylcitalopram found in this study of 19 adolescents were similar to studies involving older patients. The concentrations of the R-(-)- and S-(+)-enantiomers of citalopram and desmethylcitalopram were also in agreement with values from earlier studies, the R-(-)-enantiomer (distomer) being the major enantiomer. The results indicate that the use of oral contraceptives may have some influence on the metabolism of citalopram. This might be because of an interaction of the contraceptive hormones with the CYP2C19 enzyme.
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9.
  • Cerullo, Gabriella, et al. (författare)
  • The Synthetic Potential of Fungal Feruloyl Esterases: A Correlation with Current Classification Systems and Predicted Structural Properties
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Catalysts. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4344. ; 8:242
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Twenty-eight fungal feruloyl esterases (FAEs) were evaluated for their synthetic abilities in a ternary system of n-hexane: t-butanol: 100 mM MOPS-NaOH pH 6.0 forming detergentless microemulsions. Five main derivatives were synthesized, namely prenyl ferulate, prenyl caffeate, butyl ferulate, glyceryl ferulate, and l-arabinose ferulate, offering, in general, higher yields when more hydrophilic alcohol substitutions were used. Acetyl xylan esterase-related FAEs belonging to phylogenetic subfamilies (SF) 5 and 6 showed increased synthetic yields among tested enzymes. In particular, it was shown that FAEs belonging to SF6 generally transesterified aliphatic alcohols more efficiently while SF5 members preferred bulkier l-arabinose. Predicted surface properties and structural characteristics were correlated with the synthetic potential of selected tannase-related, acetyl-xylan-related, and lipase-related FAEs (SF1-2, -6, -7 members) based on homology modeling and small molecular docking simulations.
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10.
  • Davies, John R., et al. (författare)
  • An inherited variant in the gene coding for vitamin D-binding protein and survival from cutaneous melanoma: a BioGenoMEL study
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research. - : Wiley. - 1755-148X .- 1755-1471. ; 27:2, s. 234-243
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • An association between low serum vitamin D levels and poorer melanoma survival has been reported. We have studied inheritance of a polymorphism of the GC gene, rs2282679, coding for the vitamin D-binding protein, which is associated with lower serum levels of vitamin D, in a meta-analysis of 3137 melanoma patients. The aim was to investigate evidence for a causal relationship between vitamin D and outcome (Mendelian randomization). The variant was not associated with reduced overall survival (OS) in the UK cohort, per-allele hazard ratio (HR) for death 1.23 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93, 1.64). In the smaller cohorts, HR in OS analysis was 1.07 (95% CI 0.88, 1.3) and for all cohorts combined, HR for OS was 1.09 (95% CI 0.93, 1.29). There was evidence of increased melanoma-specific deaths in the seven cohorts for which these data were available. The lack of unequivocal findings despite the large sample size illustrates the difficulties of implementing Mendelian randomization.
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11.
  • Davies, John R, et al. (författare)
  • Inherited variation in the PARP1 gene and survival from melanoma
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 135:7, s. 1625-1633
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We report the association of an inherited variant located upstream of the poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) gene (rs2249844), with survival in 11 BioGenoMEL melanoma cohorts. The gene encodes a protein involved in a number of cellular processes including single-strand DNA repair. Survival analysis was conducted for each cohort using proportional hazards regression adjusting for factors known to be associated with survival. Survival was measured as overall survival (OS) and, where available, melanoma-specific survival (MSS). Results were combined using random effects meta-analysis. Evidence for a role of the PARP1 protein in melanoma ulceration and survival was investigated by testing gene expression levels taken from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumors. A significant association was seen for inheritance of the rarer variant of PARP1, rs2249844 with OS (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.16 per allele, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.28, p=0.005, eleven cohorts) and MSS (HR=1.20 per allele, 95% CI 1.01-1.39, p=0.03, eight cohorts). We report bioinformatic data supportive of a functional effect for rs2249844. Higher levels of PARP1 gene expression in tumors were shown to be associated with tumor ulceration and poorer OS. What's new? Although staging systems predict outcome fairly well for melanoma, survival still varies among individual patients. In this meta-analysis, the authors found that inheritance of a rare genetic variant of PARP1 was associated with improved survival of melanoma patients. Increased expression of PARP1 has been associated with poorer outcome, and depletion of PARP1 may reduce both melanoma growth and angiogenesis. The identification of this and other germline variants that affect survival may help to identify key biological pathways active in host/tumor interactions, which may lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets for treating advanced melanoma. Epidemiology
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12.
  • Elgenius, Gabriella, et al. (författare)
  • Lokal mobilisering i bostadsområden med socioekonomiska utmaningar – läxhjälp, lokal samverkan och en modell för gräsrotsorganisering. : Forskningsrapport i sociologi (Nr 149).
  • 2023
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Den här rapporten handlar om gräsrotsorganisering och lokal mobilisering av och för boende i bostadsområden med socioekonomiska utmaningar. Rapporten fokuserar på gräsrotsengagemangets villkor, aktörernas roller, sätt att arbeta och på möjliggörande strukturer, det vill säga på lokala samarbeten om resurser. Syftet med rapporten är synliggöra aktiviteter som erbjuds, aktörer och arbetssätt som främjar delaktighet och samverkan inom och mellan föreningar, företag och myndigheter. Fallstudien Bergsjöns Studiecenter Läxhjälpen (BSL) i Bergsjön Göteborg bidrar i sammanhanget till kunskap om hur mindre informella initiativ kan utvecklas till föreningar med egna medel och verksamheter under vissa omständigheter och samarbeten. Föreningen BSL identifierades i ett pågående forskningsprojekt om civilsamhällets roll för integration som en fallstudie som bidrar med kunskap om just den här processen. BSL började med läxhjälp i en liten skala och med en mindre verksamhet för ett 15-tal barn under 2017 och som utvecklades till en förening med flera hundra medlemmar och över 8000 läxhjälpsbesök och andra aktiviteter i flera bostadsområden som möter liknande utmaningar som Bergsjön under 2023. Tidigare forskning har pekat på att informella initiativ inom civilsamhället ofta förblir osynliga trots att dessa bidrar med aktiviteter och under möjliggörande förutsättningar kan växa till föreningar med egna resurser och medel. Tyvärr vet vi således inte tillräckligt mycket om den här processen eller om samarbeten mellan civilsamhället, lokala företag och myndigheter som möjliggör denna. Överlag har vi begränsad kunskap om civilsamhället i bostadsområden med socioekonomiska utmaningar och om föräldrars organisering för barns och ungas utbildningsmöjligheter. I den här rapporten skissar vi därför på en gräsrots modell som drivs av föräldrars engagemang, och hur detta engagemang även mobiliserat andra aktörer och samarbeten mellan föreningar, bostadsbolag och myndigheter, vilka även bidragit till en utveckling av en möjliggörande struktur.
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13.
  • Gerkin, Richard C., et al. (författare)
  • Recent Smell Loss Is the Best Predictor of COVID-19 Among Individuals With Recent Respiratory Symptoms
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 46
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In a preregistered, cross-sectional study, we investigated whether olfactory loss is a reliable predictor of COVID-19 using a crowdsourced questionnaire in 23 languages to assess symptoms in individuals self-reporting recent respiratory illness. We quantified changes in chemosensory abilities during the course of the respiratory illness using 0–100 visual analog scales (VAS) for participants reporting a positive (C19+; n = 4148) or negative (C19−; n = 546) COVID-19 laboratory test outcome. Logistic regression models identified univariate and multivariate predictors of COVID-19 status and post-COVID-19 olfactory recovery. Both C19+ and C19− groups exhibited smell loss, but it was significantly larger in C19+ participants (mean ± SD, C19+: −82.5 ± 27.2 points; C19−: −59.8 ± 37.7). Smell loss during illness was the best predictor of COVID-19 in both univariate and multivariate models (ROC AUC = 0.72). Additional variables provide negligible model improvement. VAS ratings of smell loss were more predictive than binary chemosensory yes/no-questions or other cardinal symptoms (e.g., fever). Olfactory recovery within 40 days of respiratory symptom onset was reported for ~50% of participants and was best predicted by time since respiratory symptom onset. We find that quantified smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19 amongst those with symptoms of respiratory illness. To aid clinicians and contact tracers in identifying individuals with a high likelihood of having COVID-19, we propose a novel 0–10 scale to screen for recent olfactory loss, the ODoR-19. We find that numeric ratings ≤2 indicate high odds of symptomatic COVID-19 (4 < OR < 10). Once independently validated, this tool could be deployed when viral lab tests are impractical or unavailable.
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14.
  • Hober, Sophia, Professor, 1965-, et al. (författare)
  • Systematic evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 antigens enables a highly specific and sensitive multiplex serological COVID-19 assay
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Clinical & Translational Immunology. - : Wiley. - 2050-0068. ; 10:7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective. The COVID-19 pandemic poses an immense need for accurate, sensitive and high-throughput clinical tests, and serological assays are needed for both overarching epidemiological studies and evaluating vaccines. Here, we present the development and validation of a high-throughput multiplex bead-based serological assay. Methods. More than 100 representations of SARS-CoV-2 proteins were included for initial evaluation, including antigens produced in bacterial and mammalian hosts as well as synthetic peptides. The five best-performing antigens, three representing the spike glycoprotein and two representing the nucleocapsid protein, were further evaluated for detection of IgG antibodies in samples from 331 COVID-19 patients and convalescents, and in 2090 negative controls sampled before 2020. Results. Three antigens were finally selected, represented by a soluble trimeric form and the S1-domain of the spike glycoprotein as well as by the C-terminal domain of the nucleocapsid. The sensitivity for these three antigens individually was found to be 99.7%, 99.1% and 99.7%, and the specificity was found to be 98.1%, 98.7% and 95.7%. The best assay performance was although achieved when utilising two antigens in combination, enabling a sensitivity of up to 99.7% combined with a specificity of 100%. Requiring any two of the three antigens resulted in a sensitivity of 99.7% and a specificity of 99.4%. Conclusion. These observations demonstrate that a serological test based on a combination of several SARS-CoV-2 antigens enables a highly specific and sensitive multiplex serological COVID-19 assay.
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15.
  • Hus mot himlen - Hållbar hybris?
  • 2018
  • Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Höghus och skyskrapor väcker ofta mer debatt än andra byggnader. Varför? Hur välgrundat kan höghusen tillskrivas vissa egenskaper och negativ eller positiv påverkan på omgivningen? Hur mycket handlar det snarare om känslor och estetiska eller politiska ställningstaganden? I antologin Hus mot himlen – Hållbar hybris? skildras höghus och byggandet av dem utifrån vitt skilda perspektiv. I sexton kapitel belyser en bred skara forskare och praktiker höghusen som fenomen och ingrediens i stadsmiljön utifrån arkitektoniska, naturvetenskapliga och ingenjörsmässiga perspektiv, i planeringsprocesser och i diskussioner i media. Några artiklar är spekulativa och inspirerade av film och virtuella världar medan andra sätter höghusbyggandet i relation till dagens samhälle. Det är framför allt svenska exempel på höghusprojekt som beskrivs, även om många internationella utblickar presenteras.
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16.
  • Jansson, Gabriella, 1979- (författare)
  • En legitim (elektronisk) förvaltning? : Om IT-utveckling i kommunal förvaltning
  • 2013
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Den här avhandlingen undersöker utvecklingen av en elektronisk förvaltning ur ett legitimitetsperspektiv. Det övergripande syftet är att analysera den reella och potentiella förändring som e-förvaltning innebär för den offentliga förvaltningens legitimitetsgrunder, både i form av hur e-förvaltning har formulerats som idé, och hur det konkret har gått till när e-förvaltning har implementerats i praktiken. Avhandlingen består av fem artiklar som undersöker olika aspekter av syftet, från idéerna bakom e-förvaltning på internationell nivå, till implementeringsprocessen på lokal nivå. Den övergripande analysen använder sig av så kallad pragmatisk institutionalism, samt perspektiv på hur legitimitet skapas och upprättshålls i förvaltningen. En fallstudie av en svensk kommun utgör det huvudsakliga empiriska materialet. Detta material kompletteras med en mindre studie av ytterligare en svensk kommun, samt dokumentstudier av den Europeiska Unionens policy för e-förvaltning. Avhandlingen lyfter fram fyra huvudsakliga slutsatser: (1) e-förvaltningsreformer bidrar till skapandet av en ny praxis, där den praktiska utvecklingen och tillämpningen av IT blir ett allt viktigare inslag i den studerade kommunens organisering och serviceutövning, (2) detta bidrar till en omorganisering av aktörsroller- och förhållanden. Ledande tjänstemän i kommunen övertar den strategiska styrningen av utvecklingsprocessen från lokala politiker, medan kommunens närbyråkrater kringgås genom att medborgaren förväntas ta ett större eget ansvar för interaktionen med förvaltningen, (3) legitimitetsgrunder såsom brukarinflytande och kundanpassning placeras därmed i förgrunden medan den politiska styrningen och bedömningen hamnar i bakgrunden, (4) dessa förändringar tyder på allt starkare inslag av en gör-detsjälv-logik, där legitimitet i genomförandeprocesser främst grundar sig i individens möjlighet till självbetjäning och självförvaltning via elektroniska kanaler.
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17.
  • Jäderkvist Fegraeus, Kim, et al. (författare)
  • Lack of significant associations with early career performance suggest no link between the DMRT3 "Gait Keeper" mutation and precocity in Coldblooded trotters
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE. - 1932-6203. ; 12:5
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Swedish-Norwegian Coldblooded trotter (CBT) is a local breed in Sweden and Norway mainly used for harness racing. Previous studies have shown that a mutation from cytosine (C) to adenine (A) in the doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 3 (DMRT3) gene has a major impact on harness racing performance of different breeds. An association of the DMRT3 mutation with early career performance has also been suggested. The aim of the current study was to investigate this proposed association in a randomly selected group of CBTs. 769 CBTs (485 raced, 284 unraced) were genotyped for the DMRT3 mutation. The association with racing performance was investigated for 13 performance traits and three different age intervals: 3 years, 3 to 6 years, and 7 to 10 years of age, using the statistical software R. Each performance trait was analyzed for association with DMRT3 using linear models. The results suggest no association of the DMRT3 mutation with precocity (i.e. performance at 3 years of age). Only two traits (race time and number of disqualifications) were significantly different between the genotypes, with AA horses having the fastest times and CC horses having the highest number of disqualifications at 3 years of age. The frequency of the AA genotype was significantly lower in the raced CBT sample compared with the unraced sample and less than 50% of the AA horses participated in a race. For the age intervals 3 to 6 and 7 to 10 years the AA horses also failed to demonstrate significantly better performance than the other genotypes. Although suggested as the most favorable genotype for racing performance in Standardbreds and Finnhorses across all ages, the AA genotype does not appear to be associated with superior performance, early or late, in the racing career of CBTs.
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18.
  • Klionsky, Daniel J., et al. (författare)
  • Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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19.
  • Lindqvist, Camilla, et al. (författare)
  • Both CD4(+) FoxP3(+) and CD4(+) FoxP3(-) T cells from patients with B-cell malignancy express cytolytic markers and kill autologous leukaemic B cells in vitro.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0019-2805 .- 1365-2567. ; 133:3, s. 296-306
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • P>Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells have been found in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and seem to be involved in the regulation of malignant B cells. The CD4+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) can regulate various immune cells, including B cells, by inducing their apoptosis. Hence, different subgroups of CD4+ T cells may be involved in the regulation of malignant B cells. In this study, the cytotoxic phenotype and function of various CD4+ T-cell subgroups were investigated in patients with B-cell malignancies. Peripheral blood was collected from patients with CLL, various B-cell lymphomas, healthy adult donors, children with precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (pre-B ALL) and from healthy children. CD4+ T cells (CD3+ CD4+ FoxP3-), Tregs (CD3+ CD4+ CD127low FoxP3+) and CD127high FoxP3+ T cells (CD3+ CD4+ CD127high FoxP3+) were analysed for their expression of the cytolytic markers CD107a and Fas ligand. Patients with CLL had increased CD107a expression on all tested T-cell subgroups compared with healthy donors. Similar results were found in patients with B-cell lymphomas whereas the CD107a expression in children with pre-B ALL was no different from that in healthy controls. Fas ligand expression was similar between patient cells and cells of healthy donors. CD4+ T cells and Tregs from patients with CLL and healthy donors were subsequently purified and cultured in vitro with autologous B cells. Both subgroups lysed B cells and killing was confirmed by granzyme ELISAs. In conclusion, cytotoxic populations of CD4+ T cells, including Tregs, are present in patients with B-cell malignancy and may be an important factor in immune-related disease control.
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20.
  • Ljungström, Gabriella, et al. (författare)
  • Sand lizard (Lacerta agilis) phenology in a warming world
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Bmc Evolutionary Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2148. ; 15
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Present-day climate change has altered the phenology (the timing of periodic life cycle events) of many plant and animal populations worldwide. Some of these changes have been adaptive, leading to an increase in population fitness, whereas others have been associated with fitness decline. Representing short-term responses to an altered weather regime, hitherto observed changes are largely explained by phenotypic plasticity. However, to track climatically induced shifts in optimal phenotype as climate change proceeds, evolutionary capacity in key limiting climate-and fitness-related traits is likely to be crucial. In order to produce realistic predictions about the effects of climate change on species and populations, a main target for conservation biologists is thus to assess the potential of natural populations to respond by these two mechanisms. In this study we use a large 15-year dataset on an ectotherm model, the Swedish sand lizard (Lacerta agilis), to investigate how higher spring temperature is likely to affect oviposition timing in a high latitude population, a trait strongly linked to offspring fitness and survival. Results: With an interest in both the short-and potential long-term effect of rising temperatures, we applied a random regression model, which yields estimates of population-level plasticity and among-individual variation in the average, as well as the plastic, response to temperature. Population plasticity represents capacity for short-term adjustments whereas variation among individuals in a fitness-related trait indicates an opportunity for natural selection and hence for evolutionary adaptation. The analysis revealed both population-level plasticity and individual-level variation in average laying date. In contrast, we found no evidence for variation among females in their plastic responses to spring temperature, which could demonstrate a similarity in responses amongst females, but may also be due to a lack of statistical power to detect such an effect. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that climate warming may have positive fitness effects in this lizard population through an advancement of oviposition date. This prediction is consistent over shorter and potentially also longer time scales as the analysis revealed both population-level plasticity and individual-level variation in average laying date. However, the genetic basis for this variation would have to be examined in order to predict an evolutionary response.
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21.
  • Ljungström, Gabriella, et al. (författare)
  • Selection and constraints on offspring size-number trade-offs in sand lizards (Lacerta agilis)
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Journal of Evolutionary Biology. - : Wiley. - 1010-061X .- 1420-9101. ; 29:5, s. 979-990
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The trade-off between offspring size and number is a central component of life-history theory, postulating that larger investment into offspring size inevitably decreases offspring number. This trade-off is generally discussed in terms of genetic, physiological or morphological constraints; however, as among-individual differences can mask individual trade-offs, the underlying mechanisms may be difficult to reveal. In this study, we use multivariate analyses to investigate whether there is a trade-off between offspring size and number in a population of sand lizards by separating among- and within-individual patterns using a 15-year data set collected in the wild. We also explore the ecological and evolutionary causes and consequences of this trade-off by investigating how a female's resource (condition)- vs. age-related size (snout-vent length) influences her investment into offspring size vs. number (OSN), whether these traits are heritable and under selection and whether the OSN trade-off has a genetic component. We found a negative correlation between offspring size and number within individual females and physical constraints (size of body cavity) appear to limit the number of eggs that a female can produce. This suggests that the OSN trade-off occurs due to resource constraints as a female continues to grow throughout life and, thus, produces larger clutches. In contrast to the assumptions of classic OSN theory, we did not detect selection on offspring size; however, there was directional selection for larger clutch sizes. The repeatabilities of both offspring size and number were low and we did not detect any additive genetic variance in either trait. This could be due to strong selection (past or current) on these life-history traits, or to insufficient statistical power to detect significant additive genetic effects. Overall, the findings of this study are an important illustration of how analyses of within-individual patterns can reveal trade-offs and their underlying causes, with potential evolutionary and ecological consequences that are otherwise hidden by among-individual variation.
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22.
  • Olsson, Eleonor, et al. (författare)
  • CD44 isoforms are heterogeneously expressed in breast cancer and correlate with tumor subtypes and cancer stem cell markers.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The CD44 cell adhesion molecule is aberrantly expressed in many breast tumors and has been implicated in the metastatic process as well as in the putative cancer stem cell (CSC) compartment. We aimed to investigate potential associations between alternatively spliced isoforms of CD44 and CSCs as well as to various breast cancer biomarkers and molecular subtypes. METHODS: We used q-RT-PCR and exon-exon spanning assays to analyze the expression of four alternatively spliced CD44 isoforms as well as the total expression of CD44 in 187 breast tumors and 13 cell lines. ALDH1 protein expression was determined by IHC on TMA. RESULTS: Breast cancer cell lines showed a heterogeneous expression pattern of the CD44 isoforms, which shifted considerably when cells were grown as mammospheres. Tumors characterized as positive for the CD44+/CD24- phenotype by immunohistochemistry were associated to all isoforms except the CD44 standard (CD44S) isoform, which lacks all variant exons. Conversely, tumors with strong expression of the CSC marker ALDH1 had elevated expression of CD44S. A high expression of the CD44v2-v10 isoform, which retain all variant exons, was correlated to positive steroid receptor status, low proliferation and luminal A subtype. The CD44v3-v10 isoform showed similar correlations, while high expression of CD44v8-v10 was correlated to positive EGFR, negative/low HER2 status and basal-like subtype. High expression of CD44S was associated with strong HER2 staining and also a subgroup of basal-like tumors. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis of CD44 isoform expression data divided tumors into four main clusters, which showed significant correlations to molecular subtypes and differences in 10-year overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that individual CD44 isoforms can be associated to different breast cancer subtypes and clinical markers such as HER2, ER and PgR, which suggests involvement of CD44 splice variants in specific oncogenic signaling pathways. Efforts to link CD44 to CSCs and tumor progression should consider the expression of various CD44 isoforms.
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23.
  • Olsson, Gabriella, et al. (författare)
  • A cohort study exploring the role of health behaviours in the association between childhood socioeconomic circumstances and midlife health
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Despite the many studies on the socioeconomic gradient in health, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains incomplete This study used path analysis to explore the association between childhood socioeconomic disadvantage and adult health and the extent to which this association is mediated by health behaviours. The study used information from two cohorts, a central aim was to explore the extent to which the associations examined in the study changed over time. A sample of 825 people aged 15 to 20 in 1968 and 1981 was derived from the Swedish Level of Living Survey (LNU). In our examination of individual-level life-course data, we found evidence that disadvantage was transmitted from parents to children and from childhood to adulthood, at least in the later-born cohort. The results of our cohort analyses suggest that childhood socioeconomic disadvantage was not related to health or health behaviours in the same way in the two cohorts. Specifically, the social patterning of both health and health behaviours was stronger in the later-born cohort. The health behaviours included in the analyses were thus not equally important mediators of the association between childhood socioeconomic disadvantage and midlife health in the cohorts. Because health behaviours in adolescence did not directly affect midlife health in either of the two cohorts, the results also suggest that it is the accumulated effects of health behaviours that have the greatest influence on midlife health.
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24.
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25.
  • Olsson, Gabriella, et al. (författare)
  • A Multilevel Study on Ethnic and Socioeconomic School Stratification and Health-Related Behaviors Among Students in Stockholm
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Journal of School Health. - : Wiley. - 0022-4391 .- 1746-1561. ; 85:12, s. 871-879
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUNDThis study examines the extent to which high alcohol consumption, drug use, and delinquency vary between schools with different socioeconomic characteristics, over and above the pupil's own sociodemographic background.METHODSAnalyses are based on data on 5484 ninth-grade students distributed over 93 schools in Stockholm, from the 2010 Stockholm School Survey. School-level information was retrieved from the Swedish National Agency for Education. School disadvantage was determined by combining information on the level of education among parents and the share of pupils with a nonnative background, 2 aspects that have been shown to be central to school segregation in Sweden.RESULTSResults indicate significant school-to-school differences in relation to all outcomes. The risk for high alcohol consumption and drug use is greater in more advantaged school settings, adjusting for individual characteristics, whereas the opposite is true in relation to criminal behavior. The school's level of collective efficacy also seems to play an important, albeit not mediating, role.CONCLUSIONSRegardless of an adolescent's own background, the risk of having adverse health behaviors is higher at certain schools compared to others. However, school socioeconomic factors do not influence health behaviors consistently; instead, it seems as if the association varies depending on the behavior under study.
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26.
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27.
  • Olsson, Gabriella, 1971- (författare)
  • Expressions of context : Studies of schools, families, and health risk behaviours
  • 2016
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This thesis explores the health behaviours of young people. The main focus is on risk behaviours, i.e. those which may have adverse consequences for health. Two fields of interest are looked at. On the one hand, the thesis explores social determinants of such behaviours, with particular focus on the influence of schools’ structural and social environment on health risk behaviours among youth. On the other hand, the thesis addresses the role of such behaviours in the relationship between childhood social inequalities and adult health. In terms of theory, the study sets out from Coleman's view of the association between structure and agency and the assumption that macro level structures and patterns can be understood on the basis of individual actors’ actions. The thesis consists of four studies addressing different, but related, aspects of the above areas of interest. The overall conclusion of studies I-III is that the school context has direct and indirect effects on young people's risk behaviours. The results of multilevel analyses indicate, more specifically, that students who attend more advantaged schools report more risk behaviours such as smoking, alcohol- and drug use than students at more disadvantaged schools. Self-reported crime is however higher in the more disadvantaged school settings. Further analyses show that a school's social and normative climate also is important for the extent to which youth consume alcohol, smoke, or have used drugs. These risk behaviours are most prevalent in schools where a large proportion of the parents have a more permissive attitude towards alcohol and smoking, and where teacher-rated levels of trust and informal social control (collective efficacy) are high. The results show, further, that school contexts also act indirectly on youth risk behaviours. Young people who reports weak bonds with their parents tend generally to be more involved in risk behaviours than those who report strong bonds. This tendency is reinforced in more advantaged school settings. Finally, Study IV demonstrates that youth risk behaviours act accumulatively and indirectly on later health, rather than directly. Moreover, the importance of risk behaviours for later health varies between the birth cohorts. Health behaviours explain a larger part of the relationship between socioeconomic conditions in childhood and health as an adult in the younger cohort.
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28.
  • Olsson, Gabriella, et al. (författare)
  • Family Composition and Youth Health Risk Behaviors : the Role of Patental Relation and the School Context
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Child Indicators Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1874-897X .- 1874-8988. ; 10:2, s. 403-421
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Children not residing with both parents have been shown to be more at risk of negative developmental outcomes than children residing in two-parent families. Few studies have explored how other central contexts may interact with family characteristics to hinder or facilitate youth adjustment. This study examines how aspects of family structure and family processes are associated with youth health risk behaviors and interact with the structural characteristics of schools. The analyses are based on data from the Stockholm School Survey and consist of 5 002 ninth-grade students distributed over 92 schools in the Stockholm area in 2010. School information has been gathered from the Swedish National Agency for Education. Random intercept and fully random models have been used. Results show that adolescents not living with both their parents are more involved in health risk behaviors than adolescents that do. Poor parent–child relations accounts for more of the disadvantage associated with non-traditional family structures than differences in socioeconomic background. Results further suggest that health risk behaviors are more prevalent in more advantaged school settings, net the effect of individual background characteristics. Moreover, advantage school settings are found to accentuate the detrimental effects of poor parent–child relations on health risk behaviors. In conclusion, the study suggests that the effect of family type and family processes on youth behavior is susceptible to contextual effects of the school environment and that more advantage school settings have detrimental direct and indirect effects on youth health risk behaviors.
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29.
  • Olsson, Gabriella, et al. (författare)
  • Identifying factors associated with good and ill health. Not just opposite sides of the same coin
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 16:4, s. 323-330
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background  Work-related health research has traditionally focused on identifying risks rather than determinants of good health. Our knowledge of variation in ill health is thus greater than our understanding of such variations in good health. Purpose  In this study, the associations between work-environment exposures and good health are examined. We are especially interested in contrasting our indices of ill health with a narrow measure of good health. Moreover, the salutary effect of sense of coherence (SOC) is explored, focusing particularly on its moderating role. Method  Data stem from the panel of Swedish level of living surveys for 1991 and 2000. The analysis is based on a sample of 2,334 employed men and women. Logistic regressions are used. Results  Assessed work-environment factors are to a large extent related, in a mirrored way, to good health and ill health. The models' fit are, however, generally better for the latter. Our findings also indicate that SOC has a protective role for individuals exposed to work risks such as stress and high physical demands. Conclusion  To improve our understanding of what promotes good health, research needs to focus on salutary factors. One such salutary factor explored in this paper is sense of coherence.
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30.
  • Olsson, Gabriella, et al. (författare)
  • Problematic familial alcohol use and adolescents’ heavy drinking : can conditions in school compensate for the increased risk of heavy drinking among adolescents from families with problematic alcohol use?
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Adolescence and Youth. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0267-3843 .- 2164-4527. ; 24:3, s. 307-318
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of the present study is to assess the association between problematic alcohol consumption in the family and youth alcohol consumption and to explore the extent to which this association is moderated by conditions in school in terms of schools’ degree of student focus. We use data from the Stockholm School Survey performed among 10,757 ninth grade students and the Stockholm Teacher Survey performed among 2,304 teachers in the same schools. Multilevel logistic regressions were performed. The results showed that problematic alcohol consumption in the family was associated with a higher likelihood of heavy drinking among adolescents. The association was weaker in schools with a strong student focus, indicating a compensatory effect of conditions in school.
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31.
  • Olsson, Gabriella, et al. (författare)
  • Problematic familial alcohol use and heavy episodic drinking among upper secondary students : a moderator analysis of teacher-rated school ethos
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: BMC Research Notes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-0500. ; 14:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: Building on findings reported in a previous publication, the objective of this study is to explore if teacher-rated indicators of school ethos modify the association between problematic familial alcohol use and heavy episodic drinking among upper secondary students. Data were based on combined information from two separate surveys conducted in 2016 among 4709 students and 1061 teachers in 46 Stockholm upper secondary schools, with linked school-level information from administrative registers. Multilevel binary logistic regression analyses were performed.Results: Problematic familial alcohol use was associated with an increased likelihood of heavy episodic drinking among upper secondary students (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.12–1.65). Cross-level interactions revealed that the association was weaker among students attending schools with higher levels of teacher-rated ethos. This was true for overall school ethos (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.65–0.97) and for four of five studied sub-dimensions of ethos: staff stability (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.65–0.95); teacher morale (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.65–0.97); student focus (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65–0.97); and academic atmosphere (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.65–0.96). The sub-dimension “structure and order for dealing with unwanted behaviour” did however not moderate the association between problematic familial alcohol use and heavy episodic drinking (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.77–1.18).
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32.
  • Olsson, Gabriella, et al. (författare)
  • School Collective Efficacy and Bullying Behaviour : A Multilevel Study
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 14:12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • As with other forms of violent behaviour, bullying is the result of multiple influences acting on different societal levels. Yet the majority of studies on bullying focus primarily on the characteristics of individual bullies and bullied. Fewer studies have explored how the characteristics of central contexts in young people's lives are related to bullying behaviour over and above the influence of individual-level characteristics. This study explores how teacher-rated school collective efficacy is related to student-reported bullying behaviour (traditional and cyberbullying victimization and perpetration). A central focus is to explore if school collective efficacy is related similarly to both traditional bullying and cyberbullying. Analyses are based on combined information from two independent data collections conducted in 2016 among 11th grade students (n = 6067) and teachers (n = 1251) in 58 upper secondary schools in Stockholm. The statistical method used is multilevel modelling, estimating two-level binary logistic regression models. The results demonstrate statistically significant between-school differences in all outcomes, except traditional bullying perpetration. Strong school collective efficacy is related to less traditional bullying perpetration and less cyberbullying victimization and perpetration, indicating that collective norm regulation and school social cohesion may contribute to reducing the occurrence of bullying.
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33.
  • Olsson, Gabriella, et al. (författare)
  • School collective efficacy and gambling : a multilevel study on 11th grade students in Stockholm
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP).
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background. Earlier studies on risk factors of adolescent gambling and risk gambling have mainly focused on determinants at the individual or the family level. Yet, it is likely that also other social contexts in young people's lives affect their inclination to engage in gambling and in risk gambling. One such context is the school. The aim of the present study was to investigate the extent of between-school variation in gambling and in risk gambling, and to analyse the links between school collective efficacy and student gambling and risk gambling.Methods. Data were derived from the Stockholm School Survey (SSS) and the Stockholm Teacher Survey (STS), conducted in 2016 among 5191 students and 1061 teachers in 46 upper secondary schools. School collective efficacy i.e. schools degree of social cohesion and informal control was assessed by teachers' responses to four items in the STS, which were added to an index and aggregated to the school level. Gambling and risk gambling were assessed by students' self-reports to four items in the SSS. Official register information on schools was also added to the data. Two-level binary logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsResults show statistically significant between-school variation in both gambling (ICC=8.3%) and in risk gambling (ICC=18.1%). Compared with students attending schools with weak collective efficacy, those attending schools with strong collective efficacy were less likely to report both gambling (OR 0.58, 95% CI 9,40-0.82) and risk gambling (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.22-0.71), even when adjusting for student- and school-level sociodemographic characteristics.Conclusions. Students' inclination to engage in gambling and in risk gambling varies across schools. The findings suggest that a high level of school collective efficacy may contribute to counteract students' engagement in gambling and risk gambling.Key messages. Students’ inclination to engage in gambling and in risk gambling varies across schools.The findings indicate that a strong school collective efficacy may contribute to reducing students’ inclination to engage in health risk behaviours.
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34.
  • Olsson, Gabriella, 1971-, et al. (författare)
  • School collective efficacy and gambling : A multilevel study of 11th grade students in Stockholm
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : SAGE Publications. - 1455-0725 .- 1458-6126. ; 40:4, s. 327-338
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of the present study was to investigate variations between schools when it comes to gambling and risk gambling, and, in particular, to analyse the links between school collective efficacy and student gambling and risk gambling. The data consists of official register information on schools as well as survey data collected in 2016 among 1,061 teachers and 5,191 students in 46 Stockholm upper secondary schools. School collective efficacy was operationalized on the basis of teacher responses, which were aggregated to the school level. Gambling and risk gambling were based on students’ self-reports. Two-level binary logistic regression analyses were performed. The results show that there is between-school variation in gambling and in all the study’s indicators of risk gambling. Both gambling and risk gambling were more commonly reported by students attending schools with weak collective efficacy, even when adjusting for student- and school-level sociodemographic characteristics. The findings suggest that conditions at school may counteract students’ engagement in gambling and risk gambling. 
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35.
  • Olsson, Gabriella, 1971-, et al. (författare)
  • School-level (dis)advantage and adolescents’ health risk behaviours : the role of school collective efficacy and norms
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Drawing upon ideas stemming from Social Disorganization Theory (SDT), this study explores how structural and social aspects of the school context affect youth health risk behaviours (HRB) in terms of smoking, alcohol and/or drug use. A key focus is to investigate the joint effect of school collective efficacy and schools’ substance use norms on students’ HRB. Analyses are based on combined information from two independent data collections conducted in 2014 among ninth grade students (n=5122) and teachers (n=1105) in 81 senior-level schools in Stockholm. Results from multilevel analyses suggested that the proneness to engage in HRB varies depending on the socioeconomic profile of the school. Youth in socioeconomically advantaged schools were more prone to engage in HRB than youth in disadvantaged school settings. Furthermore, collective incentives for exerting social control against HRB seem to be weaker in schools were conventional values towards substance use (anti-substance use norms) are suppressed.
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36.
  • Olsson, Gabriella, et al. (författare)
  • School-level (dis)advantage and adolescents' substance-use behaviours : The role of collective efficacy and norms
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Acta Sociologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0001-6993 .- 1502-3869. ; 63:2, s. 156-172
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Drawing upon ideas stemming from social disorganisation theory, this study explores how structural and social aspects of the school context affect youth substance-use behaviours in terms of smoking, alcohol and/or drug use. A key focus is to investigate the joint effect of school collective efficacy and schools' substance-use norms on students' substance use. Analyses are based on combined information from two independent data collections conducted in 2014 among ninth grade students (n = 5122) and teachers (n = 1105) in 81 senior-level schools in Stockholm. Results from multilevel analyses confirm previous research by suggesting that the proneness to engage in substance use varies depending on the socioeconomic profile of the school. Youth in socioeconomically advantaged schools were more prone to engage in substance use than youth in disadvantaged school settings. Furthermore, collective incentives for exerting social control against substance use seem to be weaker in schools where conventional values towards substance use (anti-substance-use norms) are suppressed.
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37.
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38.
  • Olsson, Gabriella, et al. (författare)
  • Teacher-Rated School Leadership and Adolescent Gambling : A Study of Upper Secondary Schools in Stockholm, Sweden
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:18
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • So-called effective schools are characterised by properties such as a strong and purposeful school leadership and a favourable school ethos. In a previous study we showed that a school's degree of teacher-rated ethos was inversely associated with student gambling and risk gambling. Building on these findings, the current study aims to examine the associations that teachers' ratings of the school leadership share with gambling and risk gambling among students in the second grade of upper secondary school in Stockholm (age 17-18 years). Data were drawn from the Stockholm School Survey and the Stockholm Teacher Survey with information from 5191 students and 1061 teachers in 46 upper secondary schools. School-level information from administrative registers was also linked to the data. The statistical method was two-level binary logistic regression analysis. Teachers' average ratings of the school leadership were inversely associated with both gambling (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.998, p = 0.039) and risk gambling (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89-0.99, p = 0.031) among upper secondary students, whilst adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics at the student and the school level. The findings lend further support to the hypothesis that characteristics of effective schools may reduce students' inclination to engage in gambling and risk gambling behaviours.
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39.
  • Olsson, Gabriella, et al. (författare)
  • Teacher-rated school leadership and adolescent gambling : A study of schools in Stockholm, Sweden
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-360X.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background. So-called “effective schools” are characterised by features such as a strong and purposeful school leadership and a favourable school ethos. A prior study showed that a school's degree of teacher-rated ethos was inversely associated with student gambling and risk gambling. Building on these findings, the current study aims to examine the associations that teachers' ratings of the school leadership share with gambling and risk gambling among students in the second grade of upper secondary school in Stockholm (ages 17-18 years).Methods. Data were drawn from two separate surveys performed in 2016: the Stockholm School Survey (SSS) and the Stockholm Teacher Survey (STS), with information collected amongst 5,191 students and 1,061 teachers in 46 upper secondary schools. Gambling and risk gambling was measured by student self-reports in the STS. School leadership was assessed by teachers' responses to ten items in the STS, which were added to an index and aggregated to the school level. School-level information from administrative registers was also linked to the data. The statistical method was two-level binary logistic regression analysis.Results. Teachers' average ratings of the school leadership were inversely associated with both gambling (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.998, p = 0.039) and risk gambling (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89-0.99, p = 0.031) among upper secondary students, whilst adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics at the student and the school level.Conclusions. The findings lend further support to the assumption that characteristics of effective schools at different levels of the school organisation may reduce students' inclination to engage in health risk behaviours.Key messages. Teachers’ ratings of the school leadership were inversely associated with student gambling and risk gambling, whilst adjusting for student- and school-level sociodemographic characteristics.The findings indicate that a strong school leadership, being one key feature of effective schools, may reduce students’ inclination to engage in health risk behaviours.
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40.
  • Olsson, Ingrid, 1960-, et al. (författare)
  • Mentorship made life more fun for plain language workers
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: PLAIN E-journal. ; 5:2, s. 6-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • With a mentorship program, the Language Council of Sweden connected plain language workers just starting their work with experienced plain language experts. The program created interesting meetings and made the plain language work evenmore fun and a bit less lonely.One of the tasks for the Language Council is to monitor how the plain language section of the Language Act is obeyed by the public agencies. The plain language section requires public language to be simple and comprehensible. To find out more about this, we at the Language Council conduct a national survey every five years. According to our last survey,in 2019, as many as 81% of Swedish public agencies answered that they hadworked with plain languageduring the last two years. This is a great result.
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41.
  • Olsson, Martin, et al. (författare)
  • Educational intervention in triage with the Swedish triage scale RETTS©, with focus on specialist nurse students in ambulance and emergency care – A cross-sectional study
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: International Emergency Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 1755-599X .- 1878-013X. ; 63
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • AimTo determine the reliability of application of the RETTS© triage scale after an educational intervention using paper-based scenarios in emergency care education.BackgroundKnowledge about and education in triage are important factors in triagescale implementation. Presenting students with a large number of triage scenarios is a common part of triage education.MethodsIn this prospective cross-sectional study at two universities students undergoing education in emergency care used RETTS© to assess triage level in 46 paper-based scenarios.Results57 students in the study made 2590 final triage decisions. Fleiss Kappa for final triage was 0.411 which is in the lower range of moderate agreement. In 25 of 46 (53.4%) scenarios, final triage levels did not agree about whether the case was stable or unstable.Conclusion/ImplicationsApplication of the RETTS© triage scale after an educational intervention with paper-based simulation in emergency care education resulted in moderate agreement about the final levels of triage.
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42.
  • Parma, Valentina, et al. (författare)
  • More Than Smell—COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 45:7, s. 609-622
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments, such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, and generally lacked quantitative measurements. Here, we report the development, implementation, and initial results of a multilingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in 3 distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, and 8 others, aged 19–79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste, and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change ±100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (−79.7 ± 28.7, mean ± standard deviation), taste (−69.0 ± 32.6), and chemesthetic (−37.3 ± 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell but also affects taste and chemesthesis. The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and the lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms.
  •  
43.
  • Ramberg, Joacim, 1977-, et al. (författare)
  • Job strain and sense of coherence : Associations with stress-related outcomes among teachers
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 50:5, s. 565-574
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Teachers constitute an occupational group experiencing high levels of stress and with high sick-leave rates. Therefore, examining potentially protective factors is important. While prior research has mainly focused on the link between teachers’ own experiences of their work environment and stress-related outcomes, it is also possible that colleagues’ perception of the work environment and their possibilities for dealing with work-related stress contribute to influencing individual teachers’ stress. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate how teachers’ reports of high job strain (i.e. high demands and low control) and sense of coherence (SOc), as well as the concentration of colleagues reporting high strain and high SOc, were associated with perceived stress and depressed mood. Methods: The data were derived from the Stockholm Teacher Survey, with information from two cross-sectional web surveys performed in 2014 and in 2016 (N=2732 teachers in 205 school units). Two-level random intercept linear regression models were performed. Results: High job strain at the individual level was associated with higher levels of perceived stress and depressed mood, but less so for individuals with high SOc. furthermore, a greater proportion of colleagues reporting high SOc was associated with lower levels of perceived stress and depressed mood at the individual level. Conclusions: High SOC may be protective against work-related stress among teachers. Additionally, the proportion of colleagues reporting high SOC was related to less individual stress, suggesting a protective effect of school-level collective SOC.
  •  
44.
  • Sandstig, Gabriella, 1969, et al. (författare)
  • The role of genre and network conflict in directing place representations on the online travel guide, Wikitravel.
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: International conference “Geomedia 2017: Spaces of the In-between”. Karlstad, Sweden: 9-12 May.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The underlying puzzle is to understand why social stigmas of places persist even when social risks no longer exists. The media coverage hypothesis states that risk perception among citizens of any country is largely determined by the media information policy in that country (Nyland 1993). It has also been claimed that digital media technologies provide standardized patterns of media production and that standards prioritize certain voices (Kennedy & Moss 2015). The broader aim in this paper is therefore, through the case of tourism risk perception, to understand under what conditions, in terms of policy standards that representations of places are negotiated and contested in a wiki-context. Four core Wikitravel policies were analysed in a framework of network conflicts (Castells 2000), ‘wiki values’ (Jankowski 2013) and synthesized ‘travel guide values’. The results are that both categories of values can be traced in the policies, and that there are cases when tension between the two groups of values can be traced. The representation of travel guide values such as ‘selection’, ‘textual economy’ and ‘nationalism’ are prone to set limits for the wiki values of ‘self-identification’ and ‘co-construction’. The conclusion should not be interpreted such that the wiki values are made to be irrelevant, but they however are forced to work within the given framework of the travel guide. In other words, the conflict is reconciled through the realisation of the travel guide genre being described. The implications are that the ability of editors to influence the open-endedness of place representations is limited.
  •  
45.
  • Shtender, Vitalii, et al. (författare)
  • Influence of nano-VC on the structural and magnetic properties of MnAlC-alloy
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Alloys of Mn55Al45C2 with additions of VC nano-particles have been synthesized and their properties evaluated. The Mn55Al45C2(VC)(x) (x=0.25, 0.5 and 1) alloys have been prepared by induction melting resulting in a high content of the ferromagnetic tau -phase (>94 wt.%). Powder X-ray diffraction indicates that nano-VC can be dissolved in the alloy matrix up to 1 at.%. On the other side, metallography investigations by scanning electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscope show inclusions of the nanosized additives in the microstructure. The effect of nano-VC on the grain and twin boundaries has been studied by electron backscattering diffraction. The magnetization has been measured by magnetometry up to 9 T while the domain structure has been studied using both magnetic force microscopy as well as Kerr-microscopy. For nano-VC contents above 0.25 at.%, a clear increase of the coercive force is observed, from 57 to 71 kA/m. The optimum appears to be for 0.5 at.% nano-VC which shows a 25% increase in coercive force without losing any saturation magnetization. This independent increase in coercivity is believed to originate from the nano-VC reducing the overall magnetic domain size. Overall, we observe that addition of nano-VC could be an interesting route to increase the coercive force of MnAl, without sacrificing saturation magnetization.
  •  
46.
  • Siesjö, Björn, et al. (författare)
  • Inledning
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Hus mot himlen. Hållbar hybris? Olshammar, G., Olsson, K. och Siesjö, B. (red.). - Malmö : Arena. - 9789178435210
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
  •  
47.
  • Synnergren, Jane, 1967, et al. (författare)
  • Transcriptional profiling of human embryonic stem cells differentiating to definitive and primitive endoderm and further toward the hepatic lineage.
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Stem cells and development. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1557-8534 .- 1547-3287. ; 19:7, s. 961-78
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) can differentiate into a variety of specialized cell types, and they constitute a useful model system to study embryonic development in vitro. In order to fully utilize the potential of these cells, the mechanisms that regulate the developmental processes of specific lineage differentiation need to be better defined. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular program involved in the differentiation of hESC toward definitive endoderm (DE) and further into the hepatic lineage, and to compare that with primitive endoderm (PrE) differentiation. To that end, we applied two protocols: a specific DE differentiation protocol and an intrinsic differentiation protocol that mainly mediates PrE formation. We collected hESC, hESC-derived DE, DE-derived hepatocyte-progenitors (DE-Prog), DE-derived hepatocyte-like cells (DE-Hep), and the corresponding PrE derivatives. The samples were analyzed using microarrays, and we identified sets of genes that were exclusively up-regulated in DE derivatives (compared to PrE derivatives) at discrete developmental stages. We also investigated known protein interactions among the set of up-regulated genes in DE-Hep. The results demonstrate important differences between DE and PrE differentiation on the transcriptional level. In particular, our results identify a unique molecular program, exclusively activated during development of DE and the subsequent differentiation of DE toward the hepatic lineage. We identified key genes and pathways of potential importance for future efforts to improve hepatic differentiation from hESC. These results reveal new opportunities for rational design of specific interventions with the purpose of generating enriched populations of DE derivatives, including functional hepatocytes.
  •  
48.
  • Varas, Laura, et al. (författare)
  • Alpha10 integrin expression is up-regulated on fibroblast growth factor-2-treated mesenchymal stem cells with improved chondrogenic differentiation potential.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Stem Cells and Development. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1557-8534 .- 1547-3287. ; 16:6, s. 965-978
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that have the capacity to differentiate into various different cell lineages and can generate bone, cartilage and adipose tissue. MSCs are presently characterized using a broad range of different cell-surface markers that are not exclusive to MSCs and not sensitive to culture conditions or differentiation capacity. We show that the integrin subunits alpha10 and alpha11 of the collagen binding integrins alpha10beta1 and alpha11beta1 are expressed by human MSCs in monolayer cultures. We also demonstrate that the expression of alpha10 increases, while alpha1 and alpha11 decrease, during aggregate culture of MSCs in chondrogenic medium. Alpha10beta1 is expressed by chondrocytes in cartilage, whereas alpha11beta1 integrins are predominantly expressed by subsets of the fibroblastic lineage. In extensive monolayer cultures of MSCs, alpha10 expression is down-regulated. We show that this down-regulation is reversed by fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) treatment. Addition of FGF-2 to MSCs not only results in increased alpha10 expression, but also in decreased alpha11 expression. FGF-2 treatment of MSCs has been shown to keep the cells more multipotent and also induces cell proliferation and Sox-9 up-regulation. We demonstrate improved chondrogenecity as well as increased collagen-dependant migratory potential of FGF-2-treated MSCs having a high alpha10 expression. We also demonstrate expression of alpha10 and alpha11 integrin subunits in the endosteum and periosteum of mice, but very low or not detectable expression levels in freshly aspired human or mouse BM. We show that MSCs with high chondrogenic differentiation potential are highly alpha10 positive and propose alpha10 as a potential marker to predict the differentiation state of MSCs.
  •  
49.
  • Wahlström, Joakim, 1994-, et al. (författare)
  • Poor school performance and gambling among adolescents : Can the association be moderated by conditions in school?
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Addictive Behaviors Reports. - 2352-8532. ; 18
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: Protective factors of adolescent gambling at the school level and their buffering potential are scarcely explored in prior research. This study aims to examine the protective possibility of low student–teacher ratio on youth gambling, both directly and by moderating the effect of low school performance. Methods: Data were derived from the 2016 Stockholm school survey, collected among 5,221 grade 11 students (~17–18 years) in 46 schools, with information on schools’ composition and student–teacher ratio obtained through registers. Gambling and risk gambling were coded as binary variables. School performance was captured by self-reported marks in three core subjects, dichotomised into average/above average and below average, respectively. Student-teacher ratio was used both as a continuous and trichotomised variable. Two-level binary logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: A below average school performance was associated with gambling and risk gambling but the association with gambling was only statistically significant at the 10%-level in the fully adjusted model. Student-teacher ratio was not directly associated with gambling and risk gambling but moderated the associations between school performance and both gambling and risk gambling, as these relationships were less pronounced in schools with a low student–teacher ratio. Conclusions: In sum, a low student–teacher ratio may protect students from gambling and risk gambling by buffering against the adverse effects of other risk factors, such as poor school performance. These findings suggest that a higher teacher density in upper secondary schools can be beneficial beyond school matters by positively influencing student behaviour outside of school. 
  •  
50.
  • Wahlström, Joakim, 1994-, et al. (författare)
  • School-related covariates of adolescent gambling : findings from the Stockholm school survey
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: International Gambling Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1445-9795 .- 1479-4276. ; 23:2, s. 313-327
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The present study investigated the associations that student gambling and risk gambling share with a) students’ own experiences of their situation in school, b) school performance, and c) truancy. Data from the 2020 Stockholm School Survey were used, with information collected among 10,901 students in grades 9 (15–16 years) and 11 (17–18 years) from 145 schools in Stockholm Municipality. The studied school-related factors were school satisfaction, perceived teacher caring, perceived school order, school performance, and truancy. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed, with robust errors clustering at the school level. Students’ perceived teacher caring and perceived school order were inversely associated with both gambling and risk gambling, while truancy was positively associated with both gambling and risk gambling, even when mutually adjusting for all school-related factors simultaneously. School satisfaction was inversely associated with gambling, and school performance was inversely associated with risk gambling, when mutually adjusting for all school-related factors simultaneously. In sum, more positive experiences of the situation in school, higher school performance, and not playing truant were linked with a lower likelihood of gambling and risk gambling among students. The findings suggest that students’ situation in school can help to identify those at risk for gambling problems.
  •  
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