| 1. |
- Ordonez, Maria Isabel, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Collaboration between design and waste management: Can it help close the material loop?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Resources Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 72, s. 108-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to explore the current relationship between industrial design and waste management (WM), a semi-structured interview study was carried out with 25 professionals from WM and designers that have worked with waste. The main aim was to learn about the collaborative work between these two areas and to investigate whether collaboration could help to incorporate material resources into production. The study reveals that designers and WM professionals regard the relation between disciplines in different ways, being more or less centered in their own disciplines. The designers interviewed, however tend to have a wider impression of this relation. This, together with the lack of understanding of the other's role and a fundamental scale difference when dealing with material flows were identified as the main barriers to better and more frequent collaboration. Even though some examples of collaborative work were found, they were not significant enough to have any noticeable effect on the WM system. In order to facilitate future collaboration, the contribution of the presented work is to identify areas for collaboration and suggest initial solutions for overcoming the barriers encountered to help to close the material loop
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ordonez, Maria Isabel, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Sorting waste in apartment buildings: facts and possibilities
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ERSCP-EMSU 2013 conference, 16th Conference of the European Roundtable on Sustainable Consumption and Production (ERSCP) & 7th Conference of the Environmental Management for Sustainable Universities (EMSU), 4 – 7 June 2013, Istanbul, Turkey..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Waste handling is a major challenge in today’s society. The amount of waste is increasing despite numerous, waste-system related improvements. In other domains of interest for sustainable development, researchers have recently started to investigate the user’s role instead of keeping a systems perspective that excludes the human factors. To investigate the use of existing waste-sorting infrastructure available at apartment buildings, this paper reports on a case study carried out in two buildings in Gothenburg/Sweden. Results from the study reveal mismatches between user needs and what the system offers. The aim was to identify a strategy that housing companies could take to allow for more effective sorting of household waste in rental housing areas, with special focus on the biodegradable fraction. The resulting strategy consists of practical solutions that can be implemented by housing companies with similar conditions.
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| 4. |
- Ordonez, Maria Isabel, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Turning waste into resources: Rethinking the way we discard things
- 2014
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Waste is one of the biggest challenges faced by our society. If not handled correctly, waste pollutes our natural environment with devastating results. However, it seems almost unavoidable that our society generates waste. Cyclical material use models have been proposed as a more sustainable alternative to our linear take-make-waste production culture. The aim of this licentiate thesis has been to investigate how to recover the material resources that today cannot go back into production, helping to redefine waste as a resource. In order to do that this work first defines a framework to address material flow through society followed by a general background on waste and waste management. The main body of the licentiate describes three studies performed by the author in order explore the topic addressed. The studies investigated (A) how design and waste management collaborate, (B) how to facilitate designing with difficult waste and (C) how the waste system interface can be designed to facilitate resource recovery. Studies A, B and C are described in the central chapters of this work, with more information provided through the annexed Articles. All three studies relied on the tacit knowledge of different relevant stakeholders in order to gain knowledge about the problem addressed. Studies B and C were carried out in collaboration with different actors, meaning that the knowledge gained in these studies have been generated collectively. The work concludes two relevant gaps to address in order to improve resource recovery: (1) the connection between waste management and production systems and (2) the connection between the users and the waste system. The first gap was addressed partially in Study B, where the possibilities of designing with difficult waste were explored. The main barrier to design with waste was found to be the lack of reliable material knowledge. It was also made clear that designing with waste is a palliative solution. Difficult materials reaching the waste system should be avoided to the highest possible extent. In the case of pre-consumer waste this could be achieved by broader adaptation of industrial symbiosis and stricter production regulations. For post-consumer waste , difficult waste should be avoided by significantly improving waste sorting and collection systems. Sorting and collection systems were addressed in Study C, which mainly investigated the relation between the users and the waste management system. Study C found that solutions that are in line with users' relations towards discarded materials are more easily adopted by the users, while solutions that generate value for the users could be a way to significantly improve user engagement. Biodegradable waste is currently insufficiently recovered, constituting a large portion of the discards that are landfilled or incinerated. Possibilities of recovering bio-waste shall be explored with future work.
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| 5. |
- Ordonez, Maria Isabel, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Waste as a starting point – how to educate design students to become active agents in closing material loops
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education, 4 & 5 September 2014, University Of Twente, The Netherlands.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Waste to Design project gives students a framework to do their thesis on trying to use industrial waste for new production. The first year of the project saw four theses, shedding light on the design process required for this type of work. The most common difficulties observed were uncertainties about material properties, production possibilities and regulations. This made students strive to connect and collaborate with people from other backgrounds, suggesting that improving cross-disciplinary collaboration skills in design education would facilitate this type of work.
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| 6. |
- Ordonez Pizarro, Isabel, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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From Industrial Waste to Product Design
- 2012
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Ingår i: DesignEd Asia conference proceedings, "Incorporating Disciplinary Dynamics Into Design Education". - 9789881672124 ; , s. 65-77
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To use waste as a starting point for new product developmentwould be a sustainable use of material resources that alleviates waste handling loads. So far, products that use waste as a starting point have not been able to significantly affect waste trends. This shows a need for methods that facilitate using waste materials for product development. With this in mind, the project “From Industrial Waste to Product Design” was initiated.Industrial design engineering students are encouraged to do their master theses on exploring product development with currently unused waste. This article suggests a methodology to help designers achieve this. Two approaches were undertaken: a product study to review the state of the art in designing with waste; and an analysis of traditional design processes. In the end, an expanded design process was proposed, since a description of a systematic process for this issue was lacking among researchers or practitioners.
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| 7. |
- Ordonez Pizarro, Isabel, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Waste sorting in apartments: integrating the perspective of the user
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 106, s. 669-679
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to increase resource recovery from solid waste, better sorting of household waste is needed. This article reports on a case study about waste sorting infrastructure performance carried out in two buildings in Gothenburg, Sweden. Results from the study reveal mismatches between users' needs and what the system offers, affecting the sorting rates and quality of the sorted material. Frequent sorting errors were observed from the tenants in these apartment buildings, where more than 70% of the discards that go in the mixed waste could be sorted out into other available fractions, with biodegradable waste being the most neglected. Hazardous waste was often discarded wrongly and recurrent errors were observed in the containers available for sorting different packaging material. Given the performance observed, initial suggestions are made for housing companies to rethink the sorting system they offer to their tenants (i.e. accessible space for electronic waste, more space for biodegradable waste, possibility of sorting textiles, etc.). Most importantly this paper makes the case that housing companies have the opportunity to provide sorting infrastructure that is designed for the user, rather than just fitted to the waste management system.
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| 8. |
- Rexfelt, Oskar, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Take Waste and Make: Guidelines for workshops to find new applications for industrial waste material.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings from the IASDR Conference 2013, Consilience and Innovation in Design, 24-30 August 2013, Tokyo..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To find new applications for industrial waste material is environmentally and economically desirable. However, generating such ideas is done under conditions that are normally unusual for product developers: It has a specific input, but a very large solution space. This study explores the workshop format as such and more specifically effective set-ups for workshops aiming at finding new applications for waste material. To explore this, four different workshops were carried out. Given its possibilities to incorporate different expertise, ideas from various fields could be generated, increasing the chance of finding a suitable application area. The participants’ task was to generate new ideas for a re-use of discarded PVC cable sleeving. The workshop format made it possible to evaluate variations in the preconditions. In addition to direct observations in the course of the workshops, outputs from the workshops were analyzed and compared to their preconditions. The workshops resulted in ideas from a broad spectrum of areas, providing a good basis for future product development. It was found that the choice of participants and stimuli were essential for the workshops. This article elaborates upon the connections between the workshop’s set-up and the obtained results.
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| 9. |
- Zapata Campos, María José, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Urban commoning practices in the repair movement: Frontstaging the backstage
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environment and planning A. - 0308-518X .- 1472-3409. ; 52:6, s. 1150-1170
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Citizen-led repair initiatives that collectively create urban commons, questioning the configuration of production, consumption, and discarding within neoliberal capitalism, have emerged in recent years. This paper builds on recent discussions of the openness of the commons by examining the role of repair in commoning. It is informed by the case of the Bike Kitchen in Göteborg, using in-depth interviews as well as ethnographic and visual observations to support the analysis. Through repair practices, commoning communities can reinvent, appropriate, and create urban commons by transforming private resources – bicycles – creating common, liminal, and porous spaces between state and market. This openness of the commons allows commoners to shift roles unproblematically, alternating between the commons, state, and market. We argue that commoners’ fluid identities become the vehicle by which urban commoning practices expands beyond the commons space. This fluidity and openness also fuels the broad recruitment of participants driven by diverse and entangled rationales. Beyond the porosity of spatial arrangements, we illustrate how the dramaturgic representation of space, through simultaneous frontstaging and backstaging practices, also prevents its enclosure and allows the creation of openings through which urban commoning practices are accessed by newcomers. Finally, we call into question strict definitions of ‘commoner’ and the commoning/repair movement as limited to those who are politically engaged in opposing the enclosure of the commons. Rather, commoners become political through action, so intentionality is less relevant to prompting social change than is suggested in the literature.
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| 10. |
- Ebbert, Chris, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond lampshades - Teaching upcycling in a meaningful way
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education 7 & 8 September 2017, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Norway.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Upcycling reuses waste materials to create products of higher quality/value. While upcycling is commonly described as important from a sustainability perspective and frequently appear as a theme in design education, several aspects remain unaddressed: How upcycling is done, how much waste is repurposed and the overall environmental impact of upcycling activities are often not adequately assessed. This article explores these aspects based on experiences from upcycling teaching activities recently carried out: six upcycling thesis projects in Sweden, and two upcycling workshops in China.These different experiences make it clear that involving interested manufacturers is crucial if any effect is going to be obtained from the upcycling activities. Since the task of designing with waste is so undefined, restricting manufacturing options as well as a target user group helps narrow the possible solution space. To use “virgin” industrial waste makes the process easier, since the input material is known and clean. Upcycling post-consumer waste could have an even larger positive environmental effect, but it is difficult since there is a lack of reliable material information. To conclude, if upcycling is to be part of a sustainable design syllabus, it should be ambitious. In order to move beyond ‘lampshades’ and similar demonstrational cases, one needs to strive towards a systematic process and methodology for upcycling, as well as involve relevant stakeholders that can make use of the results. The aim should be ‘industrial scale’, and not one of a kind solutions.
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| 11. |
- Ordonez Pizarro, Isabel, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Centers for Urban Re-manufacture: Lessons from the CURE Pathfinder Project
- 2019
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Ingår i: the 3rd PLATE Product Lifetimes And The Environment 2019 Conference Proceedings. - 9783798331259 ; , s. 577-581
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reuse and remanufacturing of materials in urban areas is an important step towards closing local material cycles. Despite high potential, the use of these materials is currently hampered by various reasons, such as lack of coordination or insufficient exchange between the actors. There is no central point of contact at city level for bundling competencies in this field. The importance and possibility of establishing a central Center for Urban Re-manufacture (CURE) for sorting, storing and preparing for reuse and re-manufacturing of these materials was investigated in Gothenburg and Berlin, in a EIT Climate-KIC Pathfinder project. This article summarizes the findings and lessons of that project, which include an initiative review, market analyses, and participative workshops in both cities. The studies show that Gothenburg had a strong local authority engagement in the topic, while Berlin counted with several independent organizations already providing reuse services. The project managed to generate interest in this topic among local actors in both cities, which will hopefully result in the future establishment of some type of CURE in these locations. The article concludes that a combination of bottom-up and top-down engagement is needed to provide material recovery services at a city scale, involving stakeholders from across the existing material value chains.
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| 12. |
- Ordonez Pizarro, Isabel, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Designing Away Waste: A Comparative Analysis of Urban Reuse and Remanufacture Initiatives
- 2019
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Ingår i: Recycling. - : MDPI AG. - 2313-4321. ; 4:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to transform the economy into one that is circular, that recovers most materials through reuse, remanufacturing and recycling, these activities need to grow significantly. Waste management has substantially incorporated recycling as an end-of-life treatment but has still largely failed to incorporate remanufacturing and reuse as possible material recovery routes. This article aims to provide useful information to establish centers for urban remanufacture (CUREs), by analyzing fifteen existing initiatives that facilitate reuse and remanufacture by providing access to secondary materials or manufacturing tools. The study consists of a review of selected initiatives complemented with targeted interviews to fill in missing information. Most initiatives provided access to secondary materials (13 of 15 initiatives), and almost all used different manufacturing tools (14 of 15 initiatives). Besides their regular opening hours, initiatives were mainly engaged in capacity building activities, which were done through predefined or improvised workshops. Most initiatives relied on external support to finance their operations (9 of 15 initiatives). However, one of the self-financed initiatives is the oldest initiative in the study, operating since 1998. Based on the results and tacit knowledge collected in this study, a framework is suggested to serve as a guide for establishing future CUREs.
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| 13. |
- Ordonez Pizarro, Isabel, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Designing from the dumpster : experiences of developing products using discards
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Sustainable Design. - 1743-8292. ; 3:2, s. 61-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents results from the Waste to Design (W2D) project, that analysed six product development theses projects done to make use of specific waste materials. The W2D project investigated what challenges are faced when designing with waste and how they could be addressed. It was found that there is a need for a pre-process, where: material properties are analysed, several possible application areas are suggested and later screened to determine one product type to develop. The main challenge observed was the lack of reliable material property data for the discarded materials, which hindered well informed screening. Understanding the processes needed for designing with waste is a first step in order to facilitate this work in the future.
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| 14. |
- Ordonez Pizarro, Isabel, 1981
(författare)
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Designing out waste - Exploring barriers for material recirculation
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This doctoral thesis has investigated what hinders material recirculation in society, to later suggest possible ways to support material recirculation in the future. Since material recirculation is proposed as a way to use waste materials for new production, it was deemed relevant to investigate two separate case studies that enabled recirculation from production systems and waste management. These two case studies addressed the topics of designing with waste and sorting waste, presented in Topics 1 and 2, respectively. Additionally, a third topic was developed as a way of providing a broader context for the case studies. Given that it has been argued that waste is a design flaw and that there are many design strategies aimed at waste minimization, Topic 3 investigated specifically how design currently relates to material recirculation.Designing with waste proved to be a difficult endeavour, mainly due to the lack of a clear design brief and reliable information about secondary materials. Topic 1 resulted in a process diagram for how to design with waste, based on generic design process models. This process diagram is complemented with two earlier steps needed to design with waste: 1) Collect and sort the discarded material in an adequate manner, 2) Investigate and test secondary material's properties.Waste sorting is therefore a precondition to designing with waste. Improving the way waste materials are sorted and collected is a challenging task that has been broadly researched from several disciplines. It is a topic that couples behavioural and societal aspects that are difficult to explain, to complex technical solutions, resulting in a challenging complex socio-technical system. Topic 2 concludes that it is crucial to understand what service users deem as convenient infrastructure when designing waste collection systems. To better understand service users, user requirement elicitation methods that are commonly used in the design discipline might be useful to develop and improve waste sorting systems.Topic 3 concludes that design currently does not sufficiently support material recirculation. Although designers see and describe the effect their profession has on resource use and waste generation, in practice only a third of the consulted designers had actively used EoL considerations in their latest project. In order to aid designers in recirculating materials, Topic 3 presents two models: 1) A resource recovery route model, based on recirculation to different life-cycle stages, and 2) A model of ways in which designers can address resource conservation.The factors hindering material recirculation found in the three topics could be grouped into six main barriers. Material recirculation is complicated, it is a task with many steps, a variety of materials and several actors are involved. Since so many people are involved, acting by themselves, there is a lack of control over how materials flow through society. There is also a lack of communication among the different actors. As a result, the actions and responsibilities of the different actors are unclear. To know how to best use the discards, reliable information about the material properties is needed, but such information is often unavailable. Recirculating materials requires more time and effort than simply discarding them. These barriers seem to point to a lack of guidance and common vision around what material recirculation should mean for the different actors in society. To generate a common vision among the main stakeholders (i.e. producers, users and waste managers) policy regulations and collaborations that foster better understanding among the actors are suggested as possible ways forward.
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| 15. |
- Ordonez Pizarro, Isabel, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Designing with waste: Comparison of two practice-based education cases
- 2016
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Ingår i: 18th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education, E and PDE 2016, Aalborg, Denmark, 8-9 September 2016. - 9781904670780 ; , s. 152-157
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Designing with discarded materials can be challenging, but it has the benefit of helping material recirculation and in doing so may help to reduce the volumes of waste currently available. This idea initiated work in two independent cases of practice-based design education: one at the Chalmers University of Technology at Gothenburg, Sweden and another at the Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design, and Manufacturing at Jabalpur. In both the cases, researchers at the two universities developed their methodology considering their contextual set of requirements. Further, the design students in both cases were presented with the ‘challenge’ and an ‘assistive method’ for performing product development using discarded material(s). Both initiatives were developed independently of each other, and the researchers got to know of the other initiative after initial work had been published on each study. This article is a joint analysis that seeks to compare the two initiatives to highlight the differences and similarities between the experiences in both design education and design processes. This is done to better understand the challenges of designing with discarded materials, with critical insights on the activity, thus enhancing the possible contribution of designers to material recirculation.
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| 16. |
- Ordonez Pizarro, Isabel, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Fixotek: Implementing and Testing Urban Reuse and Repair Centers in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. - 1755-1307 .- 1755-1315. ; 225:1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Fixotek project is testing if dedicated community spaces in residential areas could help encourage residents to fix, lend, swap and recycle consumer products, thereby preventing waste generation and recovering resources locally. Four Fixoteks have been developed, in districts with different socioeconomic conditions in Gothenburg, offering regular open hours and events. The idea has been very well received by the community, with differences in how easily it has been taken up in some of the locations. Two of the Fixoteks engage local volunteers and have developed closer to local initiatives, while in the other two more efforts are needed to engage the local community. Non the less, the locations have allowed residents to reuse and repair beyond what was possible before. The project has been implemented with a multi-stakeholder consortium, which has given it a holistic approach to the implementation, but makes decision taking slow.
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| 17. |
- Ordonez Pizarro, Isabel, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Room for change: Impact of building-level innovations to facilitate product reuse among residents
- 2017
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Ingår i: PLATE conference, Delft University of Technology, 8-10 November 2017.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores the importance of building spaces in residential areas to encourage waste prevention through product reuse. First, a short review is made over five existing spaces that allow residents to leave and take products to be used again by others. Then, the initial experiences of establishing such a space in the HSB Living Lab in Gothenburg are presented to complement the review. In general the experiences of establishing these rooms for change are positive, with users making use of the space frequently. Aspects such as location and open hours are crucial to make the change-stations convenient for residents to use. Making the space available to a large group ofpeople is important to ensure good product flow and renewal. Even though these spaces enable product exchange between users, it is not always possible to link this exchange to a measureable effect on reduced waste generation or consumption. It is not always true that the items exchangedwould have been discarded or purchased if the space to change them was not available. There is an exception when the exchanged items are food, since the food made available for others to take would have been wasted otherwise.
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| 18. |
- Otero, Juana Camacho, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Circularity assessment in companies: conceptual elements for developing assessment tools
- 2017
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Ingår i: 23rd Annual International Sustainable Development Research Society (ISDRS) Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Circularity assessment is a relatively new term that started to be used by organizations promoting the circular economy, but that has not been adequately defined in the scientific literature yet. Following this, different actors have developed proposals for circularity assessment at the company level, however they have different understanding about what elements should be included. Based on interviews with experts and literature review of the founding disciplines of the circular economy, a framework has been put together that is composed of purpose, scale, criteria and principles. This framework aims at providing a common basis regarding the definition of circularity, its criteria and assessment approaches at the company level, thus, itexpects to reduce the risk of the circular economy becoming inconsequential.The framework has been used to evaluate four existing circularity assessment proposals at the company level (Circle Economy and PGGM, Ellen Macarthur Foundation, Viktoria Swedish ICT and VBDO) resulting in a gap analysis that identifies alignments and misalignments. From this analysis, it is possible to conclude that the main disagreements relate to what principles and criteria of circularity are used in the proposals. While, scale and purpose of the assessment are the most agreed upon elements. The results of the analysis suggest that there is still room for improvement of existing circularity assessment tools for companies, if they aim at supporting the implementation of a comprehensive circular economy strategy.
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| 19. |
- Rousta, Kamran, et al.
(författare)
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Support for designing waste sorting systems : A mini review
- 2017
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Ingår i: Waste Management & Research. - : Sage Publications. - 0734-242X .- 1096-3669. ; 35:11, s. 1099-1111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents a mini review of research aimed at understanding material recovery from municipal solid waste. It focuses on two areas, waste sorting behaviour and collection systems, so that research on the link between these areas could be identified and evaluated. The main results presented and the methods used in the articles are categorised and appraised. The mini review reveals that most of the work that offered design guidelines for waste management systems was based on optimising technical aspects only. In contrast, most of the work that focused on user involvement did not consider developing the technical aspects of the system, but was limited to studies of user behaviour. The only clear consensus among the articles that link user involvement with the technical system is that convenient waste collection infrastructure is crucial for supporting source separation. This mini review reveals that even though the connection between sorting behaviour and technical infrastructure has been explored and described in some articles, there is still a gap when using this knowledge to design waste sorting systems. Future research in this field would benefit from being multidisciplinary and from using complementary methods, so that holistic solutions for material recirculation can be identified. It would be beneficial to actively involve users when developing sorting infrastructures, to be sure to provide a waste management system that will be properly used by them.
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| 20. |
- Singh, Jagdeep, et al.
(författare)
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Resource recovery from post-consumer waste : Important lessons for the upcoming circular economy
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 134:SI, s. 342-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A circular economy has been proposed as a sustainable alternative to our current linear economic system, mainly by recirculating material resources for new product development. To understand resource recirculation in practice, this paper analyses over 50 examples of products developed from discarded materials, categorising them into the recovery routes described in the circular economy literature. The examples were obtained during interviews with waste management professionals and designers who had developed products with discards. Practical challenges to implementing a circular economy were identified based on the example categorisation and comments from the interviews. The main difference observed was that the examples mostly recirculate resources to make different types of products, whereas a circular economy requires manufacturing companies to take back their own products to secure their material resources. This is partly because in practice the material collection system in place is waste management, rather than manufacturing-centred take-back systems. A revised model for recovery routes in society in which waste management is allocated an important role in facilitating material recirculation is therefore presented. The study highlights that current product design is facing a new challenge of anticipating social, economic and environmental challenges to realise the goals of a circular economy.
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