| 1. |
- Olsson, Karl-Gunnar, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Architecture and Engineering - education of Form and Force
- 2019
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Ingår i: IASS Symposium 2019 - 60th Anniversary Symposium of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures; Structural Membranes 2019 - 9th International Conference on Textile Composites and Inflatable Structures, FORM and FORCE. - 9788412110104 ; , s. 145-152
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inspired by the work and attitudes of architects and engineers like Jorg Schlaich, Renzo Piano, Piero Luigi Nervi, Sverre Fehn, Ted Happold, and environments like ILEK in Stuttgart and ETH in Zurich, a vision of a new kind of architects and engineers arose at Chalmers University of Technology in the early 2000. With support from the university and the branch, a double degree Architecture and Engineering programme was developed. Since the programme started in 2006 it has been a very popular programme, and among all Swedish MSc in Engineering and Master of Architecture programmes it has almost every year been the most difficult programme to get admitted to. The concept of the programme is a 180 ects (European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System) bachelor's degree, where the fundamentals from the engineering science: mathematics, mechanics, physics and materials, is combined with history of architecture and engineering, artistic explorative courses, and the fundamentals of the architectural design process. After three years the students can choose to continue for a Master of Science in Engineering with different possible directions, from mathematics and data science to industrial ecology, acoustics, management, structural engineering, and building technology, or to continue for a Master of Architecture. For the latter they need 150 etcs minimum in pure architectural design projects. In this paper the basic concepts of the programme, the culture developed around it and the strengths we can experience in the examined students will be discussed and reflected. Today students from the programme can be found at architecture and engineering companies all over the world and are appreciated for their ability to address complex architectural and engineering design issues with attitudes, insights and skills from the both professions.
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| 2. |
- Andreasson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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High revision rate following artificial urethral sphincter implantation.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1813 .- 2168-1805. ; 48:6, s. 544-548
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objective. In severe cases of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), with sphincter dysfunction, the artificial urinary sphincter AMS 800™ may be the last solution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of surgical intervention for SUI with the AMS 800 in patients who were treated at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg. The primary aim of the study was to determine the complications related to the operation. Material and methods. A retrospective follow-up was done by reviewing medical records. The material comprised 97 men, who underwent their first AMS 800 implantation between May 1997 and June 2010 at Sahlgrenska University Hospital. Results. The revision rate was 28%, including an infection rate of 3% and an erosion rate of 7%. The mean follow-up for revised patients was 3 years. The median time until revision was 1 year. Seventy-five per cent of all patients were satisfied with the operation at 6 months' follow-up. Radical prostatectomy was the reason behind incontinence in 84% of patients in this series. Conclusion. The results clearly demonstrate a need for revision procedures in a considerable proportion of patients implanted with an AMS 800 device. Patient satisfaction was high, but although this operation has extremely low mortality it has its complications and the system will need to be replaced in time.
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| 3. |
- Aronson, Torbjörn, et al.
(författare)
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Confessio Augustana : Augsburgska Bekännelsen: Nyöversatt och kommenterad
- 2017
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Confessio Augustana utgavs år 1530 och utgör en av den reformatoriska rörelsens centrala dokument och har även använts som en ekumenisk utgångspunkt. Denna utgåva av Augsburgska bekännelsen är en nyöversättning med kommentarer av Rune Söderlund. Utgåvan innehåller även en parafrasering, av Hans Lindholm, som gör texten ännu mer lättillgänglig. Den svenska texten presenteras parallellt med originaltexten på latin.Augsburgska bekännelsen är en nyöversättning med kommentarer av Rune Söderlund. Utgåvan innehåller även en parafrasering, av Hans Lindholm, som gör texten ännu mer lättillgänglig. Den svenska texten presenteras parallellt med originaltexten på latin.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Borga, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Brown adipose tissue in humans: detection and functional analysis using PET (positron emission tomography), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), and DECT (dual energy computed tomography).
- 2014
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Ingår i: Methods in enzymology. - : Elsevier. - 1557-7988. ; 537, s. 141-59, s. 141-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- If the beneficial effects of brown adipose tissue (BAT) on whole body metabolism, as observed in nonhuman experimental models, are to be translated to humans, tools that accurately measure how BAT influences human metabolism will be required. This chapter discusses such techniques, how they can be used, what they can measure and also some of their limitations. The focus is on detection and functional analysis of human BAT and how this can be facilitated by applying advanced imaging technology such as positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and dual energy computed tomography.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Johanen, Astera, et al.
(författare)
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Trabecular bone patterns as a fracture risk predictor: a systematic review
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-3850 .- 0001-6357. ; 79:7, s. 482-491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the assessment of trabecular bone patterns in dental radiographs, for fracture risk prediction, compared with the current diagnostic methods.The PRISMA guidelines were followed. According to predefined inclusion criteria (PICO), literature searches were focussed on published studies with analyses of trabecular bone patterns on intraoral and/or in panoramic radiographs, compared with Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and/or Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX), with the outcomes; fracture and/or sensitivity and specificity for osteoporosis prediction. The included studies were quality-assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool and the certainties of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach.The literature searches identified 2913 articles, whereas three were found to meet the inclusion criteria. Two longitudinal cohort studies evaluated the use of trabecular bone patterns to predict bone fractures. In one of the studies, the relative risk of fracture was significantly higher for women with sparse bone pattern, identified by visual assessment of dental radiographs, and in the other study by digital software assessment. Visual assessment in the second study did not show significant results. The cross-sectional study of digital analyses of trabecular bone patterns in relation to osteoporosis reported a sensitivity of 0.70 and a specificity of 0.69.Based on low certainty of evidence, trabecular bone evaluation on dental radiographs may predict fractures in adults without a prior diagnosis of osteoporosis, and based on very low certainty of evidence, it is uncertain whether digital image analyses of trabecular bone can predict osteoporosis.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Kentson, Magnus, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Oxidant status, iron homeostasis, and carotenoid levels of COPD patients with advanced disease and LTOT
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Clinical Respiratory Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2001-8525. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with oxidative stress. Both iron (Fe) and oxygen are involved in the chemical reactions that lead to increased formation of reactive oxygen species. Oxidative reactions are prevented by antioxidants such as carotenoids. Objective: To study the differences in Fe status, carotenoid levels, healthy eating habits, and markers of inflammation and oxidative damage on proteins in subjects with severe COPD ± long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) and lung-healthy control subjects. Methods: Sixty-six Caucasians with advanced COPD (28 with LTOT) and 47 control subjects were included. Questionnaires about general health, lifestyle, and dietary habits were answered. Lung function tests and blood sampling were performed. Results: COPD subjects (±LTOT) did not demonstrate increased oxidative damage, assessed by protein carbonylation (PC), while levels of soluble transferrin receptors (sTfRs) were slightly elevated. Soluble TfRs, which is inversely related to Fe status, was negatively associated with PC. Levels of carotenoids, total and ß-cryptoxanthin, a- and ß-carotenes, were significantly lower in COPD subjects, and their diet contained significantly less fruits and vegetables. Lutein correlated inversely with IL-6, lycopene correlated inversely with SAT, while ß-carotene was positively associated with a Mediterranean-like diet. Conclusions: Fe could favor oxidative stress in COPD patients, suggesting a cautious use of Fe prescription to these patients. COPD subjects ate a less healthy diet than control subjects did and would, therefore, benefit by dietary counseling. COPD patients with hypoxemia are probably in particular need of a lycopene-enriched diet.
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| 10. |
- Lidell, Martin, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for two types of brown adipose tissue in humans
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 19:5, s. 631-634
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The previously observed supraclavicular depot of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans was
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Romu, Thobias, et al.
(författare)
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A randomized trial of cold-exposure on energy expenditure and supraclavicular brown adipose tissue volume in humans
- 2016
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Ingår i: Metabolism-Clinical and Experimental. - : Elsevier BV. - 0026-0495 .- 1532-8600. ; 65:6, s. 926-934
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To study if repeated cold-exposure increases metabolic rate and/or brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume in humans when compared with avoiding to freeze. Design. Randomized, open, parallel-group trial. Methods. Healthy non-selected participants were randomized to achieve cold-exposure 1 hour/day, or to avoid any sense of feeling cold, for 6 weeks. Metabolic rate (MR) was measured by indirect calorimetry before and after acute cold-exposure with cold vests and ingestion of cold water. The BAT volumes in the supraclavicular region were measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results. Twenty-eight participants were recruited, 12 were allocated to controls and 16 to cold-exposure. Two participants in the cold group dropped out and one was excluded. Both the non-stimulated and the cold-stimulated MR were lowered within the group randomized to avoid cold (MR at room temperature from 1841 +/- 199 kCal/24 h to 1795 +/- 213 kCal/24 h, p = 0.047 cold-activated MR from 1900 +/- 150 kCal/24 h to 1793 +/- 215 kCal/24 h, p = 0.028). There was a trend towards increased MR at room temperature following the intervention in the cold-group (p = 0.052). The difference between MR changes by the interventions between groups was statistically significant (p = 0.008 at room temperature, p = 0.032 after cold-activation). In an on-treatment analysis after exclusion of two participants that reported >= 8 days without cold-exposure, supraclavicular BAT volume had increased in the cold-exposure group (from 0.0175 +/- 0.015 1 to 0.0216 +/- 0.014 1, p = 0.049). Conclusions. We found evidence for plasticity in metabolic rate by avoiding to freeze compared with cold-exposure in a randomized setting in non-selected humans.
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| 13. |
- Romu, Thobias, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of Brown Adipose Tissue by Water-Fat Separated Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. - : Wiley. - 1053-1807 .- 1522-2586. ; 42:6, s. 1639-1645
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To evaluate the possibility of quantifying brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume and fat concentration with a high resolution, long echo time, dual-echo Dixon imaging protocol. Methods: A 0.42 mm isotropic resolution water-fat separated MRI protocol was implemented by using the second opposite-phase echo and third in-phase echo. Fat images were calibrated with regard to the intensity of nearby white adipose tissue (WAT) to form relative fat content (RFC) images. To evaluate the ability to measure BAT volume and RFC contrast dynamics, rats were divided into two groups that were kept at 48 or 22 degrees C for 5 days. The rats were then scanned in a 70 cm bore 3.0 Tesla MRI scanner and a human dual energy CT. Interscapular, paraaortal, and perirenal BAT (i/pa/pr-BAT) depots as well as WAT and muscle were segmented in the MRI and CT images. Biopsies were collected from the identified BAT depots. Results: The biopsies confirmed that the three depots identified with the RFC images consisted of BAT. There was a significant linear correlation (P< 0.001) between the measured RFC and the Hounsfield units from DECT. Significantly lower iBAT RFC (P=0.0064) and significantly larger iBAT and prBAT volumes (P=0.0017) were observed in the cold stimulated rats. Conclusion: The calibrated Dixon images with RFC scaling can depict BAT and be used to measure differences in volume, and fat concentration, induced by cold stimulation. The high correlation between RFC and HU suggests that the fat concentration is the main RFC image contrast mechanism.
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