| 1. |
- Titarenko, Yu. E., et al.
(author)
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Cross sections for nuclide production in a Fe-56 target irradiated by 300, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, and 2600 MeV protons compared with data on a hydrogen target irradiated by 300, 500, 750, 1000, and 1500 MeV/nucleon Fe-56 ions
- 2008
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In: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 78:3, s. 034615-
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This work presents the cross sections for radioactive nuclide production in Fe-56( p, x) reactions determined in six experiments using 300, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, and 2600 MeV protons of the external beam from the ITEP U-10 proton accelerator. In total, 221 independent and cumulative yields of radioactive residuals of half-lives from 6.6 min to 312 d have been obtained. The radioactive product nuclide yields were determined by direct gamma-spectrometry. The measured data have been compared with the experimental data obtained elsewhere by the direct and inverse kinematics methods and with calculation results of 15 different codes that simulated hadron-nucleus interactions: MCNPX (INCL, CEM2K, BERTINI, ISABEL), LAHET (BERTINI, ISABEL), CEM03 (.01,. G1,. S1), LAQGSM03 (.01,. G1,. S1), CASCADE-2004, LAHETO, and BRIEFF. Most of the data obtained here are in a good agreement with the inverse kinematics results and disprove the results of some earlier activation measurements that were quite different from the inverse kinematics measurements. The most significant calculation-to-experiment differences are observed in the yields of the A < 30 light nuclei, indicating that further improvements in nuclear reaction models are needed, and pointing out as well to a necessity of more complete experimental measurements of such reaction products.
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| 2. |
- Murin, Y, et al.
(author)
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SEE-Related Studies at CELSIUS
- 2005
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In: Proc. 6th Int. Conf. on Nuclear Physics at Storage Rings (STORI’05), Bonn. ; , s. 153-
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 3. |
- Ballantyne, C., et al.
(author)
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Collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from observational studies of Lp-PLA2 and cardiovascular diseases
- 2007
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In: European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1741-8267 .- 1741-8275 .- 2047-4873. ; 14:1, s. 3-11
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A large number of observational epidemiological studies have reported generally positive associations between circulating mass and activity levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Few studies have been large enough to provide reliable estimates in different circumstances, such as in different subgroups (e.g., by age group, sex, or smoking status) or at different Lp-PLA2 levels. Moreover, most published studies have related disease risk only to baseline values of Lp-PLA2 markers (which can lead to substantial underestimation of any risk relationships because of within-person variability over time) and have used different approaches to adjustment for possible confounding factors. OBJECTIVES: By combination of data from individual participants from all relevant observational studies in a systematic 'meta-analysis', with correction for regression dilution (using available data on serial measurements of Lp-PLA2), the Lp-PLA2 Studies Collaboration will aim to characterize more precisely than has previously been possible the strength and shape of the age and sex-specific associations of plasma Lp-PLA2 with coronary heart disease (and, where data are sufficient, with other vascular diseases, such as ischaemic stroke). It will also help to determine to what extent such associations are independent of possible confounding factors and to explore potential sources of heterogeneity among studies, such as those related to assay methods and study design. It is anticipated that the present collaboration will serve as a framework to investigate related questions on Lp-PLA2 and cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS: A central database is being established containing data on circulating Lp-PLA2 values, sex and other potential confounding factors, age at baseline Lp-PLA2 measurement, age at event or at last follow-up, major vascular morbidity and cause-specific mortality. Information about any repeat measurements of Lp-PLA2 and potential confounding factors has been sought to allow adjustment for possible confounding and correction for regression dilution. The analyses will involve age-specific regression models. Synthesis of the available observational studies of Lp-PLA2 will yield information on a total of about 15 000 cardiovascular disease endpoints.
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| 4. |
- Grunnet, N., et al.
(author)
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Selected activities in Scandiatransplant
- 2005
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In: Transplantation proceedings. - 0041-1345. ; 37:8, s. 3243-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Scandiatransplant is the Nordic organ exchange organization. It has existed for 35 years and it is owned by all organ transplantation hospital departments in the five Nordic countries--Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The use of living organ donors for kidney transplantation has become a more common procedure not only in Norway but also in Sweden and Denmark. For the first time, in 2003, one transplant center performed relatively more living donor kidney transplantations than with deceased donors. The overall organ transplant activity reveals a remarkably stable situation in the area covered by Scandiatransplant. Scandiatransplant as an organ exchange organization has changed from a solely kidney exchange organization to an organization in which the more immediate vital organs as liver and heart are exchanged more commonly than kidneys.
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| 5. |
- Lundell, M, et al.
(author)
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Low incidence of brain death and organ donation in Sweden. Analyses of a six-year prospective registration of all deceased patients in intensive units in Southern Sweden
- 2006
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In: Organs, Tissues and Cells. - 1828-0595. ; 9:1, s. 23-27
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sweden is among those countries in Europe that have the lowest number of organ donors per million population (PMP). Because of the low numbers of actual donors, it is important to identify the total number of potential donors. Thus, a prospective registration of all deceased patients at all intensive care units was introduced in the Southern Healthcare Region of Sweden, which has a population of 1.6 million. During the six years from 1999 to 2004, 3,760 deaths were recorded. Only 251 patients (7%) of all ages were diagnosed with brain death, corresponding to 26 patients PMP and year. Of these, 194 cases (20 PMP) were classified as potential organ donors, defined as brain death without medical contraindications against organ donation. Consent for organ donation was given in slightly more than half of these cases (54%) thus, there were only around 11 organ donors PMP and year. The continuous registration in Southern Sweden has been a very important tool for evaluation of what forms of action should be taken to promote organ donation. As part of a computerised system for quality assurance in intensive care now being introduced in many parts of Sweden, registration may become an instrument of quality assurance for organ donation nationwide.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Roelofs, S. H., et al.
(author)
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Calibration of trap stiffness and viscoelasticity in polymer solutions
- 2008
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In: Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng. - : SPIE. - 9780819472588
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present an experimental demonstration of a method using optical tweezers proposed by Fischer and Berg-Sorensen for measuring viscoelasticity using optical tweezers. It is based on a sinusoidal oscillation of the liquid in combination with force measurements using optical tweezers. We verify the method by applying it to measurements in water, glycerol and polyethylene oxide (PEO).
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| 8. |
- Roelofs, S. H., et al.
(author)
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Calibration of trap stiffness and viscoelasticity in polymer solutions - art. no. 703823
- 2008
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In: Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation V. - : SPIE. - 9780819472588 ; 7038, s. 3823-3823
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present an experimental demonstration of a method using optical tweezers proposed by Fischer and Berg-Sorensen for measuring viscoelasticity using optical tweezers. it is based on a sinusoidal oscillation of the liquid in combination with force measurements using optical tweezers. We verify the method by applying it to measurements in water, glycerol and polyethylene oxide (PEO).
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| 9. |
- Asavei, T., et al.
(author)
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Engineering Optically Driven Micromachines. - art. no. 703816
- 2008
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In: Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation V. - 9780819472588 ; 7038, s. 3816-3816
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optical forces and torques acting on microscopic objects trapped in focussed laser beams promise flexible methods of driving micromachines through a microscope cover slip or even a cell wall. We are endeavouring to engineer special purpose micro-objects for a range of tasks. Colloidal self assembly of calcium carbonate provides birefringent spheres which can exert considerable torque, while two photon polymerisation allows us to fabricate objects of arbitrary shape that can be designed to exchange both spin and orbital angular momentum. Numerical calculations of forces and torques can allow an optimal design, and optical measurements provide us with certain knowledge of the forces and torques which are actually exerted.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Hoffmann, E. A., et al.
(author)
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Determining a temperature differential across a quantum dot
- 2008
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In: Physica E: Low-Dimensional Systems and Nanostructures. - : Elsevier BV. - 1386-9477. ; 40:5, s. 1605-1607
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a method for determining a temperature differential across a quantum dot. If the device has a transmission function with sufficiently spaced resonant energies, then one can distinguish electrons which have tunneled from the hot lead, and those which have tunneled from the cold lead. By measuring the thermocurrent as the electrochemical potential is swept through a resonant energy level, information about the transmission function obtained from conductance measurements can be used to deduce the temperature differential of the electron gas across the device. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 15. |
- Hoffmann, E. A., et al.
(author)
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Quantum-dot thermometry
- 2007
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In: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 91:25
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a method for the measurement of a temperature differential across a single quantum dot that has transmission resonances that are separated in energy by much more than the thermal energy. We determine numerically that the method is accurate to within a few percent across a wide range of parameters. The proposed method measures the temperature of the electrons that enter the quantum dot and will be useful in experiments that aim to test theory which predicts that quantum dots are highly efficient thermoelectrics.
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| 16. |
- Korsgren, Olle, et al.
(author)
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Optimising islet engraftment is critical for successful clinical islet transplantation
- 2008
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In: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 51:2, s. 227-32
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Clinical islet transplantation is currently being explored as a treatment for persons with type 1 diabetes and hypoglycaemia unawareness. Although 'proof-of-principle' has been established in recent clinical studies, the procedure suffers from low efficacy. At the time of transplantation, the isolated islets are allowed to embolise the liver after injection in the portal vein, a procedure that is unique in the area of transplantation. A novel view on the engraftment of intraportally transplanted islets is presented that could explain the low efficacy of the procedure.
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| 17. |
- McLean, D., et al.
(author)
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Cancer mortality in workers exposed to organochlorine compounds in the pulp and paper industry : An international collaborative study
- 2006
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In: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 114:7, s. 1007-1012
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective of this study was to evaluate cancer mortality in pulp and paper industry workers exposed to chlorinated organic compounds. We assembled a multinational cohort of workers employed between 1920 and 1996 in 11 countries. Exposure to both volatile and nonvolatile organochlorine compounds was estimated at the department level using an exposure matrix. We conducted a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) analysis based on age and calendar-period-specific national mortality rates and a Poisson regression analysis. The study population consisted of 60,468 workers. Workers exposed to volatile organochlorines experienced a deficit of all-cause [SMR = 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.89-0.93] and all-cancer (SMR = 0.93, 95% CI, 0.89-0.97) mortality, with no evidence of increased risks for any cancer of a priori interest. There was a weak, but statistically significant, trend of increasing risk of all-cancer mortality with increasing weighted cumulative exposure. A similar deficit in all-cause (SMR = 0.94, 95% CI, 0.91-0.96) and all-cancer (SMR = 0.94, 95% CI, 0.89-1.00) mortality was observed in those exposed to nonvolatile organochlorines. No excess risk was observed in cancers of a priori interest, although mortality from Hodgkin disease was elevated (SMR = 1.76, 95% CI, 1.02-2.82). In this study we found little evidence that exposure to organochlorines at the levels experienced in the pulp and paper industry is associated with an increased risk of cancer, apart from a weak but significant association between all-cancer mortality and weighted cumulative volatile organochlorine exposure.
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| 18. |
- Nieminen, T. A., et al.
(author)
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Tailoring particles for optical trapping and micromanipulation: An overview
- 2008
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In: Piers 2008 Hangzhou: Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium, Vols I and Ii, Proceedings. - 9781934142004 ; , s. 864-868
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Optical trapping and micromanipulation has developed from an interesting novelty to a powerful and widely used tool, with the capability to move or trap microscopic live biological specimens and measure forces on the order of piconewtons, typical of forces in microbiological systems. Despite this, the range of particles typically trapped or manipulated is quite small, and it is unusual to see applications involving objects other than biological specimens or homogeneous isotropic microspheres, typically polymer or silica. However, particles can be modified or specially fabricated to expand the possible applications of optical tweezers. For example, while non-absorbing homogeneous isotropic spheres cannot be rotated, optically anisotropic spheres can, and can therefore function as microscopic torque sensors, extending the usual translational micromanipulation and force measurement to rotational manipulation and torque sensing. The development of such particles has led to applications in microscale metrology and biophysics, along with potential deployment of optically-driven micro-machines in lab-on-a-chip devices. We present an overview of our work on the tailoring of microparticles for versatile optical trapping and micromanipulation. This includes approaches based on controlled chemistry - nano-assembly - and optical microfabrication. Beginning with the production of anisotropic vaterite microspheres, we review some. of the applications, and difficulties encountered along the way. Some of these difficulties can be overcome by coating of the vaterite microspheres. We also discuss the use of anti-reflection coating to allow strong trapping of high refractive index particles. The alternative strategy of producing arbitrarily shaped polymer microstructures through two-photon photopolymerization is also discussed. This can be used to produce optically-driven microrotors or structurally anisotropic microspheres to replace vaterites for particular applications.
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| 19. |
- Olofsson, Henrik, 1972, et al.
(author)
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A spectral line survey of Orion KL in the bands 486-492 and 541-577 GHz with the Odin satellite. I. The observational data
- 2007
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 476:number 2, December III, s. 791-806
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims.Spectral line surveys are useful since they allow identification of new molecules and new lines in uniformly calibrated data sets. The subsequent multi-transition analysis will provide improved knowledge of molecular abundances, cloud temperatures and densities, and may also reveal previously unsuspected blends of molecular lines, which otherwise may lead to erroneous conclusions. Nonetheless, large portions of the sub-millimetre spectral regime remain unexplored due to severe absorptions by H2O and O2 in the terrestrial atmosphere. The purpose of the measurements presented here is to cover wavelength regions at and around 0.55 mm - regions largely unobservable from the ground.Methods.Using the Odin astronomy/aeronomy satellite, we performed the first spectral survey of the Orion KL molecular cloud core in the bands 486-492 and 541-576 GHz with rather uniform sensitivity (22-25 mK baseline noise). Odin's 1.1 m size telescope, equipped with four cryo-cooled tuneable mixers connected to broad band spectrometers, was used in a satellite position-switching mode. Two mixers simultaneously observed different 1.1 GHz bands using frequency steps of 0.5 GHz (25 h each). An on-source integration time of 20 h was achieved for most bands. The entire campaign consumed ~1100 orbits, each containing one hour of serviceable astro-observation.Results.We identified 280 spectral lines from 38 known interstellar molecules (including isotopologues) having intensities in the range 80 to 0.05 K. An additional 64 weak lines remain unidentified. Apart from the ground state rotational 11,0-10,1 transitions of ortho-H2O, H218O and H217O, the high energy 62,4-71,7 line of para-H2O (Eu=867$\,$K) and the HDO(20,2-11,1) line have been observed, as well as the 10-01 lines from NH3 and its rare isotopologue 15NH3. We suggest assignments for some unidentified features, notably the new interstellar molecules ND and SH-. Severe blends have been detected in the line wings of the H218O, H217O and 13CO lines changing the true linewidths of the outflow emission.
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| 20. |
- Parkin, S. J., et al.
(author)
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Highly birefringent vaterite microspheres: production, characterization and applications for optical micromanipulation
- 2009
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In: Optics Express. - 1094-4087. ; 17:24, s. 21944-21955
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper reports on a simple synthesis and characterization of highly birefringent vaterite microspheres, which are composed of 20-30 nm sized nanocrystalls. Scanning electron microscopy shows a quite disordered assembly of nanocrystals within the microspheres. However, using optical tweezers, the effective birefringence of the microspheres was measured to Delta n = 0.06, which compares to Delta n = 0.1 of vaterite single crystals. This suggests a very high orientation of the nanocrystals within the microspheres. A hyperbolic model of the direction of the optical axis throughout the vaterite spherulite best fits the experimental data. Results from polarized light microscopy further confirm the hyperbolic model. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America
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| 21. |
- Persson, Carina, 1964, et al.
(author)
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A spectral line survey of Orion KL in the bands 486-492 and 541-577 GHz with the Odin satellite. II. Data analysis
- 2007
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In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 476:2, December III, s. 807-827
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Aims.We investigate the physical and chemical conditions in a typical star forming region, including an unbiased search for new molecules in a spectral region previously unobserved.Methods.Due to its proximity, the Orion KL region offers a unique laboratory of molecular astrophysics in a chemically rich, massive star forming region. Several ground-based spectral line surveys have been made, but due to the absorption by water and oxygen, the terrestrial atmosphere is completely opaque at frequencies around 487 and 557 GHz. To cover these frequencies we used the Odin satellite to perform a spectral line survey in the frequency ranges 486-492 GHz and 541-577 GHz, filling the gaps between previous spectral scans. Odin's high main beam efficiency, $\eta_{{\rm mb}}$ = 0.9, and observations performed outside the atmosphere make our intensity scale very well determined.Results.We observed 280 spectral lines from 38 molecules including isotopologues, and, in addition, 64 unidentified lines. A few U-lines have interesting frequency coincidences such as ND and the anion SH-. The beam-averaged emission is dominated by CO, H2O, SO2, SO, 13CO and CH3OH. Species with the largest number of lines are CH3OH, (CH3)2O, SO2, 13CH3OH, CH3CN and NO. Six water lines are detected including the ground state rotational transition 11,0-10,1 of o-H2O, its isotopologues o-H218O and o-H217O, the Hot Core tracing p-H2O transition 62,4-71,7, and the 20, 2-11,1 transition of HDO. Other lines of special interest are the 10-0$_$ transition of NH3 and its isotopologue 15NH3. Isotopologue abundance ratios of D/H, 12C/13C, 32S/34S, 34S/33S, and 18O/17O are estimated. The temperatures, column densities and abundances in the various subregions are estimated, and we find very high gas-phase abundances of H2O, NH3, SO2, SO, NO, and CH3OH. A comparison with the ice inventory of ISO sheds new light on the origin of the abundant gas-phase molecules.
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| 22. |
- Vogel, R., et al.
(author)
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Synthesis and Surface Modification of Birefringent Vaterite Microspheres
- 2009
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In: Langmuir. - 0743-7463. ; 25:19, s. 11672-11679
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper reports on the synthesis of birefringent vaterite microspheres with narrow size distribution using a seeded growth method. In a post-treatment the microspheres were stabilized and functionalized through coating with a combination of organosilica and silica. The coating vastly enhanced the stability of the vaterite microspheres in biological buffers and allowed the attachment of biomolecules such as DNA or proteins. As an example, streptavidin was attached to the surface of the functionalized microspheres. These results pave the way for the use of birefringent vaterite particles for the micromanipulation of single biological molecules such as DNA or specific proteins in an optical trap capable of exerting and measuring torques. The stabilized birefringent microspheres may also find use for biosensor and biological screening applications.
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