| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Delios, A., et al.
(författare)
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Examining the generalizability of research findings from archival data
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 119:30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This initiative examined systematically the extent to which a large set of archival research findings generalizes across contexts. We repeated the key analyses for 29 original strategic management effects in the same context (direct reproduction) as well as in 52 novel time periods and geographies; 45% of the reproductions returned results matching the original reports together with 55% of tests in different spans of years and 40% of tests in novel geographies. Some original findings were associated with multiple new tests. Reproducibility was the best predictor of generalizability-for the findings that proved directly reproducible, 84% emerged in other available time periods and 57% emerged in other geographies. Overall, only limited empirical evidence emerged for context sensitivity. In a forecasting survey, independent scientists were able to anticipate which effects would find support in tests in new samples.
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| 4. |
- Barucca, G., et al.
(författare)
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The potential of Λ and Ξ- studies with PANDA at FAIR
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. - : Springer Nature. - 1434-6001 .- 1434-601X. ; 57:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The antiproton experiment PANDA at FAIR is designed to bring hadron physics to a new level in terms of scope, precision and accuracy. In this work, its unique capability for studies of hyperons is outlined. We discuss ground-state hyperons as diagnostic tools to study non-perturbative aspects of the strong interaction, and fundamental symmetries. New simulation studies have been carried out for two benchmark hyperon-antihyperon production channels: p¯ p→ Λ¯ Λ and p¯ p→ Ξ¯ +Ξ-. The results, presented in detail in this paper, show that hyperon-antihyperon pairs from these reactions can be exclusively reconstructed with high efficiency and very low background contamination. In addition, the polarisation and spin correlations have been studied, exploiting the weak, self-analysing decay of hyperons and antihyperons. Two independent approaches to the finite efficiency have been applied and evaluated: one standard multidimensional efficiency correction approach, and one efficiency independent approach. The applicability of the latter was thoroughly evaluated for all channels, beam momenta and observables. The standard method yields good results in all cases, and shows that spin observables can be studied with high precision and accuracy already in the first phase of data taking with PANDA.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Barausse, Enrico, et al.
(författare)
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Prospects for fundamental physics with LISA
- 2020
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Ingår i: General Relativity and Gravitation. - : SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS. - 0001-7701 .- 1572-9532. ; 52:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper, which is of programmatic rather than quantitative nature, we aim to further delineate and sharpen the future potential of the LISA mission in the area of fundamental physics. Given the very broad range of topics that might be relevant to LISA,we present here a sample of what we view as particularly promising fundamental physics directions. We organize these directions through a "science-first" approach that allows us to classify how LISA data can inform theoretical physics in a variety of areas. For each of these theoretical physics classes, we identify the sources that are currently expected to provide the principal contribution to our knowledge, and the areas that need further development. The classification presented here should not be thought of as cast in stone, but rather as a fluid framework that is amenable to change with the flow of new insights in theoretical physics.
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| 8. |
- Barucca, G., et al.
(författare)
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Study of excited Ξ baryons with the P¯ ANDA detector
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. - : Springer Nature. - 1434-6001 .- 1434-601X. ; 57:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study of baryon excitation spectra provides insight into the inner structure of baryons. So far, most of the world-wide efforts have been directed towards N∗ and Δ spectroscopy. Nevertheless, the study of the double and triple strange baryon spectrum provides independent information to the N∗ and Δ spectra. The future antiproton experiment P¯ANDA will provide direct access to final states containing a Ξ¯ Ξ pair, for which production cross sections up to μb are expected in p¯p reactions. With a luminosity of L= 10 31 cm- 2 s- 1 in the first phase of the experiment, the expected cross sections correspond to a production rate of ∼106events/day. With a nearly 4 π detector acceptance, P¯ANDA will thus be a hyperon factory. In this study, reactions of the type p¯p → Ξ¯ +Ξ∗ - as well as p¯p → Ξ¯ ∗ +Ξ- with various decay modes are investigated. For the exclusive reconstruction of the signal events a full decay tree fit is used, resulting in reconstruction efficiencies between 3 and 5%. This allows high statistics data to be collected within a few weeks of data taking.
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| 9. |
- Chen, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Using existing infrastructures of high-speed railways for photovoltaic electricity generation
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cities worldwide are stepping up efforts to reshape their infrastructure to ensure a carbon-neutral and sustainable future, leading to the rapid electrification of transportation systems. The electricity demand of this sector, particularly that of high-speed railways, is increasing. Application of the existing infrastructures of railway stations and available land along rail lines for photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation has the potential to power high-speed bullet trains with renewable energy and supply surplus electricity to surrounding users. In this work, a methodology based on a geographic information system was established to evaluate the PV potential along rail lines and on the roofs of train stations. The Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway (HSR) was used as a case study. Its total PV potential reached 5.65 GW (of which the station potential accounted for 264 MW, approximately 4.68%, of the total potential), with a lifelong generation capacity of 155 TWh, which corresponds to approximately 12% of the total new installed capacity of China in 2020. Although electricity prices and solar resources differed along the railway line, all PV systems were profitable. Moreover, a comparison between the electricity consumption and generation shows that the PV+HSR system can cover most of the electricity demand of the Beijing-Shanghai HSR without a storage system. This concept can be further expanded to other rail lines and stations. Within the context of global carbon peaks and carbon neutrality, the integration of PV and railway systems should be promoted.
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| 10. |
- Fang, Keyan, et al.
(författare)
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ENSO modulates wildfire activity in China
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- China is a key region for understanding fire activity and the drivers of its variability under strict fire suppression policies. Here, we present a detailed fire occurrence dataset for China, the Wildfire Atlas of China (WFAC; 2005-2018), based on continuous monitoring from multiple satellites and calibrated against field observations. We find that wildfires across China mostly occur in the winter season from January to April and those fire occurrences generally show a decreasing trend after reaching a peak in 2007. Most wildfires (84%) occur in subtropical China, with two distinct clusters in its southwestern and southeastern parts. In southeastern China, wildfires are mainly promoted by low precipitation and high diurnal temperature ranges, the combination of which dries out plant tissue and fuel. In southwestern China, wildfires are mainly promoted by warm conditions that enhance evaporation from litter and dormant plant tissues. We further find a fire occurrence dipole between southwestern and southeastern China that is modulated by the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Fire activity in China and its associations with climate are not well quantified at a local scale. Here, the authors present a detailed fire occurrence dataset for China and find a dipole fire pattern between southwestern and southeastern China that is modulated by the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
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| 11. |
- Zhang, Z. Y., et al.
(författare)
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New alpha-Emitting Isotope U-214 and Abnormal Enhancement of alpha-Particle Clustering in Lightest Uranium Isotopes
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 126:15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new alpha-emitting isotope U-214, produced by the fusion-evaporation reaction W-182(Ar-36,4n) U-214, was identified by employing the gas-filled recoil separator SHANS and the recoil-a correlation technique. More precise a-decay properties of even-even nuclei U-216,U-218 were also measured in the reactions of Ar-40, Ca-40 beams with W-180,W-182,W- 184 targets. By combining the experimental data, improved alpha-decay reduced widths delta(2) for the even-even Po-Pu nuclei in the vicinity of the magic neutron number N = 126 are deduced. Their systematic trends are discussed in terms of the N-p N-n scheme in order to study the influence of protonneutron interaction on a decay in this region of nuclei. It is strikingly found that the reduced widths of( 214,216)U are significantly enhanced by a factor of two as compared with the NpNn systematics for the 84 <= Z <= 90 and N < 126 even-even nuclei. The abnormal enhancement is interpreted by the strong monopole interaction between the valence protons and neutrons occupying the pi 1f (7/2) and nu 1f(5/2) spin-orbit partner orbits, which is supported by the large-scale shell model calculation.
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| 12. |
- Aprile, E., et al.
(författare)
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An approximate likelihood for nuclear recoil searches with XENON1T data
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 82:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The XENON collaboration has published stringent limits on specific dark matter – nucleon recoil spectra from dark matter recoiling on the liquid xenon detector target. In this paper, we present an approximate likelihood for the XENON1T 1 t-year nuclear recoil search applicable to any nuclear recoil spectrum. Alongside this paper, we publish data and code to compute upper limits using the method we present. The approximate likelihood is constructed in bins of reconstructed energy, profiled along the signal expectation in each bin. This approach can be used to compute an approximate likelihood and therefore most statistical results for any nuclear recoil spectrum. Computing approximate results with this method is approximately three orders of magnitude faster than the likelihood used in the original publications of XENON1T, where limits were set for specific families of recoil spectra. Using this same method, we include toy Monte Carlo simulation-derived binwise likelihoods for the upcoming XENONnT experiment that can similarly be used to assess the sensitivity to arbitrary nuclear recoil signatures in its eventual 20 t-year exposure.
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| 13. |
- Aprile, E., et al.
(författare)
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Application and modeling of an online distillation method to reduce krypton and argon in XENON1T
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2050-3911. ; 2022:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel online distillation technique was developed for the XENON1T dark matter experiment to reduce intrinsic background components more volatile than xenon, such as krypton or argon, while the detector was operating. The method is based on a continuous purification of the gaseous volume of the detector system using the XENON1T cryogenic distillation column. A krypton-in-xenon concentration of (360 +/- 60) ppq was achieved. It is the lowest concentration measured in the fiducial volume of an operating dark matter detector to date. A model was developed and fitted to the data to describe the krypton evolution in the liquid and gas volumes of the detector system for several operation modes over the time span of 550 days, including the commissioning and science runs of XENON1T. The online distillation was also successfully applied to remove Ar-37 after its injection for a low-energy calibration in XENON1T. This makes the usage of Ar-37 as a regular calibration source possible in the future. The online distillation can be applied to next-generation liquid xenon time projection chamber experiments to remove krypton prior to, or during, any science run. The model developed here allows further optimization of the distillation strategy for future large-scale detectors.
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| 14. |
- Aprile, E., et al.
(författare)
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Double-weak decays of 124Xe and 136Xe in the XENON1T and XENONnT experiments
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C. - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 106:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present results on the search for two-neutrino double-electron capture (2νECEC) of 124Xe and neutrinoless double-β decay (0νββ) of 136Xe in XENON1T. We consider captures from the K shell up to the N shell in the 2νECEC signal model and measure a total half-life of T2νECEC1/2=(1.1±0.2stat±0.1sys)×1022yr with a 0.87 kg yr isotope exposure. The statistical significance of the signal is 7.0σ. We use XENON1T data with 36.16 kg yr of 136Xe exposure to search for 0νββ. We find no evidence of a signal and set a lower limit on the half-life of T0νββ1/2>1.2×1024 yr at 90%CL. This is the best result from a dark matter detector without an enriched target to date. We also report projections on the sensitivity of XENONnT to 0νββ. Assuming a 275 kg yr 136Xe exposure, the expected sensitivity is T0νββ1/2>2.1×1025 yr at 90%CL, corresponding to an effective Majorana mass range of ⟨mββ⟩<(0.19–0.59)eV/c2.
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| 15. |
- Aprile, E., et al.
(författare)
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Emission of single and few electrons in XENON1T and limits on light dark matter
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 106:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Delayed single- and few-electron emissions plague dual-phase time projection chambers, limiting their potential to search for light-mass dark matter. This paper examines the origins of these events in the XENON1T experiment. Characterization of the intensity of delayed electron backgrounds shows that the resulting emissions are correlated, in time and position, with high-energy events and can effectively be vetoed. In this work we extend previous S2-only analyses down to a single electron. From this analysis, after removing the correlated backgrounds, we observe rates <30 events/(electron×kg×day) in the region of interest spanning 1 to 5 electrons. We derive 90% confidence upper limits for dark matter-electron scattering, first direct limits on the electric dipole, magnetic dipole, and anapole interactions, and bosonic dark matter models, where we exclude new parameter space for dark photons and solar dark photons.
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| 16. |
- Aprile, E., et al.
(författare)
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Material radiopurity control in the XENONnT experiment
- 2022
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal C. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1434-6044 .- 1434-6052. ; 82:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The selection of low-radioactive construction materials is of the utmost importance for rare-event searches and thus critical to the XENONnT experiment. Results of an extensive radioassay program are reported, in which material samples have been screened with gamma-ray spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and 222Rn emanation measurements. Furthermore, the cleanliness procedures applied to remove or mitigate surface contamination of detector materials are described. Screening results, used as inputs for a XENONnT Monte Carlo simulation, predict a reduction of materials background (∼∼17%) with respect to its predecessor XENON1T. Through radon emanation measurements, the expected 222Rn activity concentration in XENONnT is determined to be 4.2 (+0.5−0.7) μBq/kg, a factor three lower with respect to XENON1T. This radon concentration will be further suppressed by means of the novel radon distillation system.
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| 17. |
- Aprile, E., et al.
(författare)
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Search for Coherent Elastic Scattering of Solar B-8 Neutrinos in the XENON1T Dark Matter Experiment
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 126:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on a search for nuclear recoil signals from solar B-8 neutrinos elastically scattering off xenon nuclei in XENON1T data, lowering the energy threshold from 2.6 to 1.6 keV. We develop a variety of novel techniques to limit the resulting increase in backgrounds near the threshold. No significant B-8 neutrinolike excess is found in an exposure of 0.6 t x y. For the first time, we use the nondetection of solar neutrinos to constrain the light yield from 1-2 keV nuclear recoils in liquid xenon, as well as nonstandard neutrino-quark interactions. Finally, we improve upon world-leading constraints on dark matter-nucleus interactions for dark matter masses between 3 and 11 GeV c(-2) by as much as an order of magnitude.
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| 18. |
- Aprile, E., et al.
(författare)
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Search for inelastic scattering of WIMP dark matter in XENON1T
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Physical Review D. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 103:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the results of a search for the inelastic scattering of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) in the XENON1T dark matter experiment. Scattering off Xe-129 is the most sensitive probe of inelastic WIMP interactions, with a signature of a 39.6 keV deexcitation photon detected simultaneously with the nuclear recoil. Using an exposure of 0.83 tonne-years, we find no evidence of inelastic WIMP scattering with a significance of more than 2 sigma. A profile-likelihood ratio analysis is used to set upper limits on the cross section of WIMP-nucleus interactions. We exclude new parameter space for WIMPs heavier than 100 GeV/c(2), with the strongest upper limit of 3.3 x 10(-39) cm(2) for 130 GeV/c(2) WIMPs at 90% confidence level.
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| 19. |
- Aprile, E., et al.
(författare)
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Search for New Physics in Electronic Recoil Data from XENONnT
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : American Physical Society. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 129:16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on a blinded analysis of low-energy electronic recoil data from the first science run of the XENONnT dark matter experiment. Novel subsystems and the increased 5.9 ton liquid xenon target reduced the background in the (1, 30) keV search region to (15.8±1.3) events/(ton×year×keV), the lowest ever achieved in a dark matter detector and ∼5 times lower than in XENON1T. With an exposure of 1.16 ton-years, we observe no excess above background and set stringent new limits on solar axions, an enhanced neutrino magnetic moment, and bosonic dark matter.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Ertoprak, A., et al.
(författare)
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Lifetimes of core-excited states in semi-magic Rh-95
- 2020
-
Ingår i: European Physical Journal A. - : SPRINGER. - 1434-6001 .- 1434-601X. ; 56:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lifetimes of negative-parity states have been determined in the neutron deficient semi-magic (N = 50) nucleus Rh-95. The fusion-evaporation reaction Ni-58(Ca-40, 3p) was used to populate high-spin states in Rh-95 at the Grand Accelerateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL) accelerator facility. The results were obtained using the Doppler Shift Attenuation Method (DSAM) based on the Doppler broadened line shapes produced during the slowing down process of the residual nuclei in a thick 6 mg/cm(2) metallic target. B(M1) and B(E2) reduced transition strengths are compared with predictions from large-scale shell-model calculations. state-of-the-art theory. Remarkably, the structural features up to moderate angular momentum of nuclei immediately below the N = Z = 50 shell closures can be described with high accuracy in a very simple way by shell-model calculations including only the g(9/2) and p(1/2) subshells. Of special interest is the neutron-proton pair coupling scheme which is expected to appear in the heaviest N=Z nuclei [1,2] and the seniority structure of the N = 50 isotones [3-7]. However, multiple core-excited states have been observed in the semi-magic nuclei of the Sn-100 region [8-10]. The theoretical study of those states is a challenging task, which requires a significantly larger model space for their interpretation. Transition probabilities between nuclear states provide important constraints for theoretical modelling of the structure of the nuclei of interest. Our previous lifetime study of the semimagic (N = 50) nucleus Ru-94 [ 11,12] provided information on the electromagnetic decay properties of neutron-core excited states. We now address lifetime measurements in its closest, more neutron deficient, isotone Rh-95 using the same DSAM technique. The experimental results have been interpreted within the framework of large-scale shell-model (LSSM) calculations.
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| 22. |
- Grossmann, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Insights into the accuracy of social scientists' forecasts of societal change
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Nature. - 2397-3374. ; 7, s. 484-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How well can social scientists predict societal change, and what processes underlie their predictions? To answer these questions, we ran two forecasting tournaments testing the accuracy of predictions of societal change in domains commonly studied in the social sciences: ideological preferences, political polarization, life satisfaction, sentiment on social media, and gender-career and racial bias. After we provided them with historical trend data on the relevant domain, social scientists submitted pre-registered monthly forecasts for a year (Tournament 1; N = 86 teams and 359 forecasts), with an opportunity to update forecasts on the basis of new data six months later (Tournament 2; N = 120 teams and 546 forecasts). Benchmarking forecasting accuracy revealed that social scientists' forecasts were on average no more accurate than those of simple statistical models (historical means, random walks or linear regressions) or the aggregate forecasts of a sample from the general public (N = 802). However, scientists were more accurate if they had scientific expertise in a prediction domain, were interdisciplinary, used simpler models and based predictions on prior data. How accurate are social scientists in predicting societal change, and what processes underlie their predictions? Grossmann et al. report the findings of two forecasting tournaments. Social scientists' forecasts were on average no more accurate than those of simple statistical models.
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| 23. |
- Guo, J., et al.
(författare)
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Prenatal exposure to mixture of heavy metals, pesticides and phenols and IQ in children at 7 years of age : The SMBCS study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Prenatal exposure to heavy metals, pesticides and phenols has been suggested to interfere with neurodevelopment, but the neurotoxicity of their mixtures is still unclear. We aimed to elucidate the associations of maternal urinary concentrations of selected chemical mixtures with intelligence quotient (IQ) in children.Methods: Maternal urinary concentrations of selected heavy metals, pesticide metabolites, and phenols were quantified in pregnant women who participated in the Sheyang Mini Birth Cohort Study (SMBCS) from June 2009 to January 2010. At age 7 years, child's IQ score was assessed using the Chinese version of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (C-WISC) by trained pediatricians. Generalized linear regression models (GLM), Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models and elastic net regression (ENR) models were used to assess the associations of urinary concentrations individual chemicals and their mixtures with IQ scores of the 7-year-old children.Results: Of 326 mother-child pairs, single-chemical models indicated that prenatal urinary concentrations of lead (Pb) and bisphenol A (BPA) were significantly negatively associated with full intelligence quotient (FIQ) among children aged 7 years [β = −2.31, 95% confidence interval (CI): −4.13, −0.48; p = 0.013, sex interaction p-value = 0.076; β = −1.18, 95% CI: −2.21, −0.15; p = 0.025; sex interaction p-value = 0.296, for Pb and BPA, respectively]. Stratified analysis by sex indicated that the associations were only statistically significant in boys. In multi-chemical BKMR and ENR models, statistically significant inverse association was found between prenatal urinary Pb level and boy's FIQ scores at 7 years. Furthermore, BKMR analysis indicated that the overall mixture was associated with decreases in boy's IQ when all the chemicals’ concentrations were at their 75th percentiles or higher, compared to at their 50th percentiles. ENR models revealed that maternal urinary Pb levels were statistically significantly associated with lower FIQ scores (β = −2.20, 95% CI: −4.20, −0.20; p = 0.031).Conclusions: Prenatal exposure to selected chemical mixtures may affect intellectual performance at 7 years of age, particularly in boys. Pb and BPA were suspected as primary chemicals associated with child neurodevelopment.
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| 24. |
- Guo, J., et al.
(författare)
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Urinary bisphenol A concentrations and adiposity measures at age 7 years in a prospective birth cohort
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Pergamon Press. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure during early life may increase risk of childhood obesity, however, prospective evidence of birth cohort is limited and inconclusive. We aimed to explore the associations of maternal and childhood BPA exposure with child adiposity measures, including body mass index, waist circumference and skinfold thickness and waist to height ratio of children at 7 years. 430 mother-child pairs were examined from a population-based prospective cohort in a rural area of East China. BPA concentrations of spot urine samples were quantified in mothers and their children aged 3 and 7 years. Maternal urinary BPA concentration was significantly positively associated with waist circumference in children aged 7 years (β = 0.508 cm, 95% CI: 0.067, 0.950). These significant associations were not modified by child sex, but they were only observed among girls in sex-stratified analyses. Risk of central obesity related to prenatal BPA exposure was significantly higher in the second and the third tertile than those in the first tertile (odds ratio, OR = 2.510, 95% CI = 1.146, 5.499; OR = 2.584, 95% CI = 1.186, 5.631, respectively; p for trend = 0.022). The present findings suggested that prenatal exposure to BPA may enhance waist circumference of children and thereby increase risk of central obesity in school-age girls.
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| 25. |
- Hao, D., et al.
(författare)
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Solar energy harvesting technologies for PV self-powered applications : A comprehensive review
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Renewable energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 188, s. 678-697
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many key aspects of society, such as transport, housing and health care, have been significantly improved by the advent of a range of electricity applications, and the power generation for electricity applications has been a major field of research. Photovoltaic (PV) self-powered technologies are promising technologies for addressing applications' power supply challenges and alleviating conventional electricity load and environmental pollution. This study reviews solar energy harvesting (SEH) technologies for PV self-powered applications. First, the PV power generation and scenarios of PV self-powered applications are analyzed. Second, analysis of system design for PV self-powered applications is presented. Third, key components for PV self-powered applications, including maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques and power management (PM) systems are discussed in detail. Furthermore, numerous PV self-powered applications and utilizations of energy harvesting are summarized. Finally, some recommendations are proposed for further research.
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| 26. |
- Jiang, M., et al.
(författare)
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National level assessment of using existing airport infrastructures for photovoltaic deployment
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The airport is one of the most fundamental infrastructures in our society, its terminal buildings and parking lots are ideal locations for photovoltaic (PV) installation. The future trend of the electrification of the aviation and automobile industries will increase the electricity demand at airports calls for the integration of PV systems with airport infrastructure. Understanding the benefits of airport PV systems is crucial for the stakeholders including investors, project developers and policymakers to promote PV sector development. Thus, evaluation of the PV potential and relevant economic performance of airports is essential. Combined with the geographic information system (GIS), the PV potential of the civil airports in China is investigated. The results show that potential PV capacity of China's 239 civil airports reaches up to 2.50 GW. The annual electricity demand of the aviation industry in 8 provinces can be self-satisfied via airport PV generation. Detailed economic analysis shows that all airport PV systems are profitable through appropriate investment and operation strategies. © 2021
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Li, XB, et al.
(författare)
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Novel TCF21high pericyte subpopulation promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by remodelling perivascular matrix
- 2023
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ. - 1468-3288 .- 0017-5749. ; 72:4, s. 710-721
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Haematogenous dissemination is a prevalent route of colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis. However, as the gatekeeper of vessels, the role of tumour pericytes (TPCs) in haematogenous metastasis remains largely unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the heterogeneity of TPCs and their effects on CRC metastasis.DesignTPCs were isolated from patients with CRC with or without liver metastases and analysed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Clinical CRC specimens were collected to analyse the association between the molecular profiling of TPCs and CRC metastasis. RNA-sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing and bisulfite-sequencing were performed to investigate the TCF21-regulated genes and mechanisms underlying integrin α5 onTCF21DNA hypermethylation. Pericyte-conditionalTcf21-knockout mice were constructed to investigate the effects of TCF21 in TPCs on CRC metastasis. Masson staining, atomic force microscopy, second-harmonic generation and two-photon fluorescence microscopy were employed to observe perivascular extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling.ResultsThirteen TPC subpopulations were identified by scRNA-seq. A novel subset of TCF21highTPCs, termed ‘matrix–pericytes’, was associated with liver metastasis in patients with CRC. TCF21 in TPCs increased perivascular ECM stiffness, collagen rearrangement and basement membrane degradation, establishing a perivascular metastatic microenvironment to instigate colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRCLM).Tcf21depletion in TPCs mitigated perivascular ECM remodelling and CRCLM, whereas the coinjection of TCF21highTPCs and CRC cells markedly promoted CRCLM. Mechanistically, loss of integrin α5 inhibited the FAK/PI3K/AKT/DNMT1 axis to impairTCF21DNA hypermethylation in TCF21highTPCs.ConclusionThis study uncovers a previously unidentified role of TPCs in haematogenous metastasis and provides a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for CRC metastasis.
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| 30. |
- Li, Y., et al.
(författare)
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A Decision-making Framework for the Site Selection of PV Deployment along High-speed Railway
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energy Proceedings. - : Scanditale AB.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of photovoltaic industry can effectively alleviate the energy crisis and environmental pollution. The deployment of photovoltaic power stations along the high-speed railway is a new mode combining photovoltaic new energy with infrastructure. This paper constructs a comprehensive decision-making framework for the site selection of PV power station along high-speed railway combining the subjective method and the objective method. A scientific and reasonable evaluation index system comprehensively considering multiple factors is constructed in this framework. Analytic hierarchy process and Entropy weight method are combined to determine the weight of every index, which combines the expert knowledge and data information effectively, relatively reducing systematic error and random error. Grey relational analysis is used to choose scheme among several alternatives, which greatly deal with the strong grey correlations among indexes. The framework established in this paper is used to select PV power stations along the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, which also verifies the effectiveness of the framework.
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| 31. |
- Lu, San, et al.
(författare)
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Magnetotail reconnection onset caused by electron kinetics with a strong external driver
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magnetotail reconnection plays a crucial role in explosive energy conversion in geospace. Because of the lack of in-situ spacecraft observations, the onset mechanism of magnetotail reconnection, however, has been controversial for decades. The key question is whether magnetotail reconnection is externally driven to occur first on electron scales or spontaneously arising from an unstable configuration on ion scales. Here, we show, using spacecraft observations and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, that magnetotail reconnection starts from electron reconnection in the presence of a strong external driver. Our PIC simulations show that this electron reconnection then develops into ion reconnection. These results provide direct evidence for magnetotail reconnection onset caused by electron kinetics with a strong external driver.
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| 32. |
- Meng, Ying, et al.
(författare)
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Hydropower Production Benefits More From 1.5 °C than 2 °C Climate Scenario
- 2020
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Ingår i: Water resources research. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 0043-1397 .- 1944-7973. ; 56:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hydropower plays an important role as renewable and clean energy in the world's overall energy supply. Electricity generation from hydropower represented approximately 16.6% of the world's total electricity and 70% of all renewable electricity in 2015. Determining the different effects of 1.5 and 2 °C of global warming has become a hot spot in water resources research. However, there are still few studies on the impacts of different global warming levels on gross hydropower potential. This study used a coupled hydrological and techno-economic model framework to assess hydropower production under global warming levels of 1.5 and 2 °C, while also considering gross hydropower potential, power consumption, and economic factors. The results show that both global warming levels will have a positive impact on the hydropower production of a tropical island (Sumatra) relative to the historical period; however, the ratio of hydropower production versus power demand provided by 1.5 °C of global warming is 40% higher than that provided by 2 °C of global warming under RCP6.0. The power generation by hydropower plants shows incongruous changing trends with hydropower potential under the same global warming levels. This inconformity occurs because the optimal sites for hydropower plants were chosen by considering not only hydropower potential but also economic factors. In addition, the reduction in CO2 emissions under global warming of 1.5 °C (39.06 × 106 t) is greater than that under global warming of 2 °C (10.20 × 106 t), which reveals that global warming decreases the benefits necessary to relieve global warming levels. However, the hydropower generation and the reduction in CO2 emissions will be far less than the energy demand when protected areas are excluded as potential sites for hydropower plants, with a sharp decrease of 40–80%. Thus, government policy-makers should consider the trade-off between hydropower generation and forest coverage area in nationally determined contributions. © 2020 The Authors.
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| 33. |
- Pan, H., et al.
(författare)
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Kinetic energy harvesting technologies for applications in land transportation : A comprehensive review
- 2021
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of land transportation has effectively contributed to countries’ economic and social development. Roads, rails and vehicles have come into widespread use in transporting things from one location to another on land. However, much energy is dissipated in traditional land transportation, and this energy is worthy of being recovered. Many researchers in recent decades have presented different types of energy harvesting systems to harness this dissipated energy. Regenerative energy harvesting systems can convert dissipated energy into electricity for different applications. This paper is a comprehensive review of energy harvesting technologies for different applications in the land transportation. First, the commonly used energy harvesting technologies in land transportation are summarized. Second, different energy harvesting systems are presented in terms of designs, simulations, and experiments. Third, a common analysis of energy harvesting technologies is conducted to calculate and simulate the performance of these systems. Also, a comparison of the presented energy harvesting systems is conducted in various ways. Then different applications and energy utilizations of the energy harvesting systems are summarized. Moreover, research gaps and technical difficulties that remain unresolved are discussed, and some recommendations are made, which aim to be helpful for further research.
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| 34. |
- Qi, D., et al.
(författare)
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Rapid Acidification of the Arctic Chukchi Sea Waters Driven by Anthropogenic Forcing and Biological Carbon Recycling
- 2022
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 49:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The acidification of coastal waters is distinguished from the open ocean because of much stronger synergistic effects between anthropogenic forcing and local biogeochemical processes. However, ocean acidification research is still rather limited in polar coastal oceans. Here, we present a 17-year (2002-2019) observational data set in the Chukchi Sea to determine the long-term changes in pH and aragonite saturation state (omega(arag)). We found that pH and omega(arag) declined in different water masses with average rates of -0.0047 +/- 0.0026 years(-1) and -0.017 +/- 0.009 years(-1), respectively, and are similar to 2-3 times faster than those solely due to increasing atmospheric CO2. We attributed the rapid acidification to the increased dissolved inorganic carbon owing to a combination of ice melt-induced increased atmospheric CO2 invasion and subsurface remineralization induced by a stronger surface biological production as a result of the increased inflow of the nutrient-rich Pacific water.
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| 35. |
- Qi, Lingfei, et al.
(författare)
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A review of vibration energy harvesting in rail transportation field
- 2022
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 2589-0042. ; 25:3
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we review, compare, and analyze previous studies on vibration energy harvesting and related technologies. First, the paper introduces the basic aspects of vibration energy acquisition in the railway environment, including vibration frequency, train speed, energy flow in the train, and vibration energy harvesting potential. Generally, the methods for scavenging vibration energy caused by passing trains can be divided into four categories: electromagnetic harvesters, piezoelectric harvesters, triboelectric harvesters, and hydraulic harvesters. The structure, output performance, merits, and disadvantages of different energy harvesting strategies are summarized and compared. The application of vibration energy harvesters is explained as supplying power to monitoring sensors on the line side and the vehicle side. Finally, the paper addresses the challenges and difficulties that have not been completely resolved in the current research literature, including system stability, durability, and economy. Some recommendations to fill these research gaps are put forward for further investigation.
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| 36. |
- Qi, L., et al.
(författare)
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Techno-economic assessment of implementing photovoltaic water villas in Maldives
- 2023
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 2589-0042. ; 26:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solar energy is considered to be an effective measure to alleviate the shortage of power supply in the Maldives. In this paper, a roof photovoltaic (PV) system integrated into water villas in the Maldives was investigated. Three islands—Ayada Maldives, Angaga Island Resort, and JA Manafaru, located in the southern, central, and northern parts of Maldives—were selected for a case study. The potential of PV installations in Ayada Maldives, Angaga Island Resort, and JA Manafaru reaches 1,410, 445, and 742 kW, with corresponding annual power generation of 2.04, 0.64, and 1.12 GWh, respectively. The profits over the life cycle of 25 years of the above three studied islands are 4.86, 1.52, and 2.90 million USD, respectively, with payback periods in the range of 6–7 years.
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| 37. |
- Qi, Lingfei, et al.
(författare)
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Techno-economic assessment of photovoltaic power generation mounted on cooling towers
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The deployment of photovoltaic systems based on existing buildings has been the focus of research in recent years. It is necessary to evaluate the techno-economic performance of the new photovoltaic system deployment strategy for its actual implementation. In this paper, we comprehensively evaluated the power generation potential and economic performance of photovoltaics deployed on hyperbolic cooling towers in Mainland China. Based on the local solar radiation situations and electricity prices, we analyzed both the technical and economic performance of cooling towers photovoltaic (CT-PV) located in different cities. The results show that the total capacity of photovoltaic installations on all cooling towers reaches 1.05 GW, with corresponding annual power generation of 1.44 TWh. The total CO2 emission reduction and total profit by CT-PV cooling towers photovoltaic over a lifetime of 25 years can reach 31 Mts and 8.00 billion CNY, respectively. The return on investment is between 1.1 and 2.49, depending on the location. The payback period for all cities is less than 8 years, and around 90% of the cities’ solar generation electricity prices are below 0.35 CNY/kWh, which can compete with the benchmark price of coal-fired electricity. These results reveal that CT-PVs cooling towers photovoltaics have significant potential for PV photovoltaic application with attractive energy and economic benefits.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Song, J., et al.
(författare)
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Parameter optimization analysis of rotary electromagnetic vibration energy harvester for performance enhancement under free vibration
- 2023
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Elsevier Inc.. - 2589-0042. ; 26:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, three new important aspects of rotary electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting technology (RE-VEH) are concerned and investigated: (i) vibro-electric coupling mechanism of the RE-VEH system is studied through theoretical modeling; (ii) quantitative analysis of system parameters based on numerical simulation method is carried out for the optimal design of RE-VEH; and (iii) dynamic power output performance of the RE-VEH system in free vibration is discussed. The parameter adjusting methods of the RE-VEH system in free vibration mode are obtained through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The experimental results show that the power output performance of RE-VEH in free vibration mode matches the numerical simulation results. The simulation and experimental results show that the maximum voltage output and power output of the RE-VEH with different structure parameters under free vibration can be up to the level of 100∼101 V/watt. The above results indicate that RE-VEH in a free vibration environment has significant energy output performance.
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| 40. |
- Sun, M. D., et al.
(författare)
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Fine structure in the alpha decay of U-223
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 800
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fine structure in the alpha decay of U-223 was observed in the fusion-evaporation reaction Re-187(Ar-40, p3n) by using fast digital pulse processing technique. Two alpha-decay branches of U-223 feeding the ground state and 244 keV excited state of Th-219 were identified by establishing the decay chain U-223 (alpha(1)) under right arrow Th-219 (alpha(2)) under right arrow Ra-215 (alpha(3)) under right arrow Rn-211. The alpha-particle energy for the ground-state to ground-state transition of U-223 was determined to be 8993(17) keV, 213 keV higher than the previous value, the half-life was updated to be 62(-10)(+14) mu s. Evolution of nuclear structure for N = 131 even-Z isotones from Po to U was discussed in the frameworks of nuclear mass and reduced alpha-decay width, a weakening octupole deformation in the ground state of U-223 relative to its lighter isotones Ra-219 and Th-221 was suggested.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Wang, Dashan, et al.
(författare)
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The Critical Effect of Subgrid-Scale Scheme on Simulating the Climate Impacts of Deforestation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2169-897X .- 2169-8996. ; 126:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Land surface schemes (LSSs) in Earth System Models simulate how vegetation regulates land-atmosphere fluxes of heat, water, carbon, and momentum. Despite advances in the spatial resolution of regional climate modeling, significant land cover changes occured at sub-grid scale still not properly treated. Here, we investigate the response of evapotranspiration, representing the fluxes of heat and water, to deforestation in Southeast Asian Massif by employing three LSSs (Noah mosaic, Noah-MP and Community Land Model (CLM)) with different approaches in representing sub-grid variability, implemented in the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Two experiments, with and without satellite-observed deforestation, were performed for each scheme. Results show that the simulations are highly sensitive to the subgrid-scale approaches embedded in the LSSs. Compared with the observed historical climate, CLM outperforms other schemes and Noah mosaic shows the largest bias. However, if we target the simulation of the climate impacts of land cover change, the Noah mosaic scheme taking the sub-grid approach can better capture the response of evapotranspiration to deforestation. The NoahMP and CLM schemes underestimate the evapotranspiration response in the grid cells where the dominant land cover type has not changed, but overestimate the response in those grid cells with dominant type changed, which is a characteristic of dominant-grid approach. To improve our understanding of climate impacts induced by fine-scale land cover change, future efforts to better represent subgrid-scale variability and land-atmosphere flux exchange in climate models are desirable.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Yang, W., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Polyphenols on Cognitive Function : Evidence from Population-based Studies and Clinical Trials
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1279-7707 .- 1760-4788. ; 25:10, s. 1190-1204
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to progressive population aging, a new dementia case occurs at every 3 seconds, placing a heavy burden of disease. Identifying potential risk or preventive factors is emphasized owing to a lack of effective treatment for dementia. There has been emerging evidence on the link of certain dietary components, particularly polyphenols, to brain wellness and cognitive outcomes. Findings from animal and in vitro studies appear more consistent and conclusive. However, such an association has not been investigated in depth in human beings. In this review, we examined studies on the effect of dietary polyphenols (including flavonoids, curcumin, and resveratrol) on cognitive function. Intervention in early stages of dementia/Alzheimer's disease might be a target to slow down age-related cognitive decline before disease onset. We summarized 28 epidemiological studies (8 cross-sectional and 20 cohort studies) and 55 trials in this review. Preliminary evidence from epidemiological data provides the necessity for intervention trials, even though the measures of polyphenol intake tend to be less precise. Clinical trials are in favor of the role of some polyphenols in benefiting specific domains of cognition. This review also describes the divergence of results and current limitations of research in this field.
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| 47. |
- Zeng, Q. B., et al.
(författare)
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Configurations of the low-lying states in Eu-146
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 106:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The low-lying states of Eu-146 populated in the decay of the 9(+) isomer were studied. The gamma-ray intensities were reanalyzed employing germanium detectors, and the lifetimes of the 6(1)(-) and 6(2)(-) states were measured using the mirror symmetric centroid difference (MSCD) method with fast-timing LaBr3(Ce) scintillator detectors. The B(M1) values of the 6(1)(-) -> 5(1)(-) and 6(2)(-) -> 5(1)(-) transitions were deduced, and all observed states were interpreted as members of the pi d(5/2)(-1)nu f(7/2) and pi g(7/2)(-1)nu f(7/2) multiplets. In particular, the 5(1)(-) level is shown to be dominated by the pi d(5/2)(-1)nu f(7/2) configuration, solving the discrepancy in its configuration assignment proposed in previous works. These experimental results were compared with the shell model calculations using several different effective interactions. The systematics of low-lying structure in the N = 83 isotones Pr-142, Pm-144, and Eu-146 was established.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Zhang, M. M., et al.
(författare)
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Fine structure in the a decay of the 8(+) isomer in U-216,U-218
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 2469-9985 .- 2469-9993. ; 106:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extremely neutron-deficient even-even uranium isotopes( 216,218)U were produced in the complete-fusion reactions induced by impinging Ar-40 and Ca-40 ions on W-180,W-182,W-184 targets. Fusion evaporation residues were separated in flight by the gas-filled recoil separator SHANS (Spectrometer for Heavy Atoms and Nuclear Structure) and subsequently identified using the recoil-alpha-correlation method. The improved ground-state to ground-state alpha-decay properties of( 216,218)U were reported in [Z. Y. Zhang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 152502 (2021)]. In this paper, we report on new alpha-decay activities with E-alpha = 10 163(27) keV for 216U and E-alpha = 10 073(16) keV for 218U, which decay from the 8(+) isomeric states of( 216,218)U into the 2(+) states of their daughter nuclei Th-212,Th-214, respectively. The new results extend the systematics of the alpha-decay fine structure for the N = 124 and 126 even-even isotones.
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