| 1. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
-
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479 .- 1126-6708. ; :6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
-
- 2011
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swepub:Mat__t (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2012
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swepub:Mat__t (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Ahmad, T, et al.
(författare)
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Diabetic osteopathy and the IGF system in the Goto-Kakizaki rat
- 2008
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Ingår i: Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-6374. ; 18:5, s. 404-411
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Ahmad, Tashfeen, et al.
(författare)
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Peripheral quantitative computed tomography for the detection of diabetic osteopathy: a study in the Goto-Kakizaki rat.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Investigative radiology. - 0020-9996. ; 38:3, s. 171-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: To assess the utility of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) in detecting trabecular and cortical bone changes in diabetes as a model of osteopenia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The tibia from 10 type-2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats and 10 control Wistar rats were analyzed by DEXA, pQCT, and ash weight determination. RESULTS: DEXA of GK rats showed a significant reduction in mineral content (32%) and density (24%) of the metaphysis, but not of the diaphysis. PQCT disclosed that the reduction of density predominantly pertained to the trabecular bone (reduced by 62%). Periosteal and endosteal circumferences of the diaphyses were increased and cortical thickness was unchanged leading to increased moment of inertia. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that in osteopathic conditions, cortical and trabecular bone should be separately examined within specific subregions to obtain relevant information. Loss of metaphyseal trabecular bone seems to be a predominant feature in diabetic rats. Moreover, there is increased moment of inertia in the diaphysis implying increased strength. These diagnostic features of diabetic osteopathy can only be assessed by pQCT. It may prove that similar changes occur in human type-2 diabetes, which could explain the susceptibility to periarticular fracture and Charcot arthropathy.
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| 7. |
- Adamina, Michel, et al.
(författare)
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ECCO Topical Review Optimising Reporting in Surgery, Endoscopy, and Histopathology Collaboration Between S-ECCO, EduCom, H-ECCO
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Crohn's & Colitis. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 1873-9946 .- 1876-4479. ; 15:7, s. 1089-1105
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims: Diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD] requires a lifelong multidisciplinary approach.The quality of medical reporting is crucial in this context.The present topical review addresses the need for optimised reporting in endoscopy, surgery, and histopathology. Methods: A consensus expert panel consisting of gastroenterologists, surgeons, and pathologists, convened by the European Crohns and Colitis Organisation, performed a systematic literature review. The following topics were covered: in endoscopy: [i] general IBD endoscopy; [ii] disease activity and surveillance; [iii] endoscopy treatment in IBD; in surgery: [iv] medical history with surgical relevance, surgical indication, and strategy; [v] operative approach; [vi] intraoperative disease description; [vii] operative steps; in pathology: [viii] macroscopic assessment and interpretation of resection specimens; [ix] IBD histology, including biopsies, surgical resections, and neoplasia; [x] IBD histology conclusion and report. Statements were developed using a Delphi methodology incorporating two consecutive rounds. Current practice positions were set when >= 80% of participants agreed on a recommendation. Results: Thirty practice positions established a standard terminology for optimal reporting in endoscopy, surgery, and histopathology. Assessment of disease activity, surveillance recommendations, advice to surgeons for operative indication and strategies, including margins and extent of resection, and diagnostic criteria of IBD, as well as guidance for the interpretation of dysplasia and cancer, were handled. A standardised report including a core set of items to include in each specialty report, was defined. Conclusions: Interdisciplinary high-quality care requires thorough and standardised reporting across specialties.This topical review offers an actionable framework and practice recommendations to optimise reporting in endoscopy, surgery, and histopathology.
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| 8. |
- Coral, Daniel
(författare)
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Characterisation of the genetic discordance between body mass index and type 2 diabetes: a phenome-wide analysis : No 111
- 2020
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-0428 .- 0012-186X. ; 63
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Obesity is on the rise globally, and is a leading risk factor for T2D. However, it is very heterogeneous, with varying degrees of T2D risk within the same levels of BMI. Better classification may lead to improve outcomes of current preventive and therapeutic strategies. Moreover, by elucidating the mechanisms uncoupling obesity from T2D risk, new possible therapeutic targets may emerge. Leveraging the vast amount of genetic data produced to date may contribute to reach these goals while overcoming the obstacles imposed by common assumptions, biases and confounders present in observational studies. Our aim is to compare the phenome-wide association patterns of BMI-increasing genetic profiles that either concordantly increase or discordantly decrease T2D risk. Materials and methods: Highly concordant and highly discordant SNPs between BMI and T2D were obtained from the latest GWAS for both conditions. Their standardized effect sizes (SES) across multiple traits in the phenome, metabolome, proteinome and transcriptome were retrieved from the online genomic repositories. After alignment to the BMI-increasing allele, these effects were organized into a SNP x Trait matrix. A hierarchical clustering technique, combining PCA and Random Forest algorithms was applied, retrieving the optimal number of clusters of traits, organized in order of importance, useful to distinguish a discordant from a concordant SNP. Posterior probabilities of colocalization with T2D were calculated for each gene using transcriptome results. Tissue, biological process, molecular mechanism and cellular component enrichments were evaluated. The predictive potential of GRSs informed by these findings were assessed in the UK Biobank dataset. Results: 121 SNPs were found to be significantly associated with BMI and T2D. 18 were discordant and 104 concordant. A total of 1372 variables were included in the analyses (Phenome = 546, Metabolome = 233, Proteinome = 593). The most important difference between discordant and concordant SNPs in the phenome matrix was found in a cluster of traits led by hypertension (Mean discordant SES = -1.59, Mean concordant SES = 2.56), highly correlated with two clusters led by coronary heart disease and overall health status, respectively. The second most important cluster was led by physical activity-adjusted WHR (Mean discordant SES = -2.69, Mean concordant SES = 0.24). The model obtained from the phenome matrix had the highest classification performance (Matthews Correlation Coefficient, MCC = 0.79). Metabolome results showed differences in polyunsaturated fatty acids and lipid contents in VLDL, but with lower performance (MCC = 0.67). The model from the proteinome matrix was unable to correctly classify SNPs (MCC = -0.03). Two genes (CCDC92 and DNAH10) showed the strongest association within the discordant set in adipose tissue, both involved in cilia formation. A GRS of these 121 SNPs with weights derived from the clusters with high classification performance was highly associated with T2D in both the general and obese populations in UK Biobank (p < 1x1016). Conclusion: The main difference between BMI-increasing genetic profiles that either discordantly decrease or concordantly increase T2D risk is found in hypertension risk and physical activity-adjusted WHR. These traits can be used to inform GRSs to better classify T2D risk in obesity. Molecular mechanisms behind the discordant profile appear to involve cilia formation in the adipose tissue.
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| 9. |
- Klintman, Mikael
(författare)
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Human Sciences and Human Interests : Integrating the Social, Economic, and Evolutionary Sciences
- 2016
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the disciplines of social, economic, and evolutionary science, a proud ignorance can often be found of the other areas’ approaches. This text provides a novel intellectual basis for breaking this trend. Certainly, Human Sciences and Human Interests aspires to open a broad debate about what scholars in the different human sciences assume, imply or explicitly claim with regard to human interests.DUST JACKET TEXT: Mikael Klintman draws the reader to the core of human sciences - how they conceive human interests, as well as how interests embedded within each discipline relate to its claims and recommendations. Moreover, by comparing theories as well as concrete examples of research on health and environment through the lenses of social, economic and evolutionary sciences, Klintman outlines an integrative framework for how human interests could be better analysed across all human sciences.This fast-paced and modern contribution to the field is a necessary tool for developing any human scientist’s ability to address multidimensional problems within a rapidly changing society. Avoiding dogmatic reasoning, this interdisciplinary text offers new insights and will be especially relevant to scholars and advanced students within the aforementioned disciplines, as well as those within the fields of social work, social policy, political science and other neighbouring disciplines.
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| 10. |
- Yunus, Kalid, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Impacts of Stochastic Residential Plug-In Electric Vehicle Charging on Distribution Grid
- 2012
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Ingår i: Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT), 2012 IEEE PES. - 9781457721588 ; :16-20 Jan. 2012, s. 8-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the impacts of residential Plug-In Electric Vehicles (PEVs) charging on a distribution grid are investigated. A stochastic charging model is developed and used to study the impacts on distribution transformer loading, hotspot temperature variation and Accelerated Aging Factor (AAF) of the transformer. Different penetration levels of PEVs are considered in a typical distribution system. Furthermore, distribution of State of Charge (SOC) is discussed which can be used to optimize battery capacity and required charging infrastructure. Distribution of parking time interval is also discussed which can be used to evaluate availability of PEVs for overnight charging. The merit of stochastic approach compared with deterministic approach is also illustrated. The main contribution of this paper is the stochastic approach to evaluate the impact of residential PEV charging on the distribution grid.
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| 11. |
- Vorobyeva, Anzhelika, et al.
(författare)
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Development of an optimal imaging strategy for selection of patients for affibody-based PNA-mediated radionuclide therapy
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Affibody molecules are engineered scaffold proteins, which demonstrated excellent binding to selected tumor-associated molecular abnormalities in vivo and highly sensitive and specific radionuclide imaging of Her2-expressing tumors in clinics. Recently, we have shown that peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-mediated affibody-based pretargeted radionuclide therapy using beta-emitting radionuclide 177Lu extended significantly survival of mice bearing human Her2-expressing tumor xenografts. In this study, we evaluated two approaches to use positron emission tomography (PET) for stratification of patients for affibody-based pretargeting therapy. The primary targeting probe ZHER2:342-SR-HP1 and the secondary probe HP2 (both conjugated with DOTA chelator) were labeled with the positron-emitting radionuclide 68Ga. Biodistribution of both probes was measured in BALB/C nu/nu mice bearing either SKOV-3 xenografts with high Her2 expression or DU-145 xenografts with low Her2 expression. 68Ga-HP2 was evaluated in the pretargeting setting. Tumor uptake of both probes was compared with the uptake of pretargeted 177Lu-HP2. The uptake of both 68Ga-ZHER2:342-SR-HP1 and 68Ga-HP2 depended on Her2-expression level providing clear discrimination of between tumors with high and low Her2 expression. Tumor uptake of 68Ga-HP2 correlated better with the uptake of 177Lu-HP2 than the uptake of 68Ga-ZHER2:342-SR-HP1. The use of 68Ga-HP2 as a theranostics counterpart would be preferable approach for clinical translation.
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| 12. |
- Loyd, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Pressure half-time does not always predict mitral valve area correctly.
- 1988
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. - 0894-7317 .- 1097-6795. ; 1:5, s. 313-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A theory is presented elucidating factors that influence the pressure half-time. By combining the Bernoulli and continuity equations and making certain assumptions about the shape of the atrioventricular pressure difference decay, it can be shown that valve area, volume transported across that area, and initial pressure difference influence the pressure half-time according to a formula in which the pressure half-time is related to V/(Ao square root of delta po), where V is the transported volume across the orifice with the area Ao, and delta po is the initial pressure difference across that area. In a subsequent hydraulic model experiment pressure half-time was determined for three different hole areas, with various initial volumes and initial pressure gradients. We did not obtain a unique relation between the pressure half-time and area. Instead the results supported our theory, and we found a close linear relationship between area and V/(T0.5 square root of delta po) (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.998), as predicted in the theory (T0.5 = pressure half-time). Clinical examples in which the pressure half-time may be misleading in the assessment of severity of mitral stenosis are presented.
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| 13. |
- Wang, G., et al.
(författare)
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Policy simulation for promoting residential PV considering anecdotal information exchanges based on social network modelling
- 2018
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 223, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surveys and empirical researches have revealed that the households’ perceptions of benefits play a more important role than the benefits themselves in the decision process of adopting residential photovoltaic (PV). However, it has been overlooked in previous models about the green technology diffusion. This work developed an innovation diffusion model based on a social network, which was integrated with an anecdotal information exchange process. The contributions were to model the households’ evaluation, which changes with social influence, and analyze the impact of such dynamics on the adoption of residential PV. A case study was conducted for villages in Beijing. Different scenarios about policies have been considered concerning both the economic benefits and the information diffusion on social network. The results show that: (1) Providing insurance against the damage of PV to adopters for free can improve the adoption rate from 24% up to 62% (full insurance), and the new adopter acquisition cost is only 36% of that of providing additional subsidy; (2) The enhancement of communications (e.g. Bulletin Board System (BBS) and Social Networking Services (SNS)) creates an obstacle to the residential PV adoption when the majority of households have insufficient knowledge about the PV system; and (3) Information campaigns and information screening are both effective and necessary in mitigating the negative effect from the enhancement of communications at the initial stage of the residential PV market.
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| 14. |
- Foroughi, Behzad, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of intention to use autonomous vehicles : Findings from PLS-SEM and ANFIS
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. - : Elsevier. - 0969-6989 .- 1873-1384. ; 70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered autonomous vehicles (AVs) are one of the most disruptive technologies with potentially wide-ranging social implications, including improvements in passenger/driver safety, environmental protection, and equity considerations. The current research extends the UTAUT2 model in the context of fully AVs (level 5 automation) to determine and rank determinants of intention to adopt AVs. Collected data from 378 respondents were analysed by a hybrid approach employing partial least squares (PLS) complemented by the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) technique. According to the findings, five major determinants emerged: trust, hedonic motivation, social influence, compatibility, and effort expectancy. Furthermore, compatibility positively moderates the association between performance expectancy and intention to use AVs. The findings shed light on determinant factors, their level of importance, and the potential interplay between them in shaping individuals’ intention to adopt and use AVs. Furthermore, the current research provides valuable insights to carmakers, technology developers, and practitioners on determinants of AVs adoption, assisting them in devising effective AVs-related strategies.
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| 15. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
-
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479 .- 1126-6708. ; :1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 16. |
- Algaba Brazalez, Astrid, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of Transitions for Use in Inverted Microstrip Gap Waveguide Antenna Arrays
- 2014
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Ingår i: 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2014, The Hague, The Netherlands 6-11 April 2014. - 9788890701849 ; , s. 995 - 999
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main purpose of this work is to create good transitions for inverted microstrip-based versions of gap waveguide that are used to feed slot or horn antenna arrays. Two new millimeter-wave transitions from inverted microstrip gap waveguide to rectangular waveguide are presented. Both geometries are similar and consist of a planar probe, which contains a rectangular patch or T-section. The planar probe is inserted inside the rectangular waveguide through an opening made in the broadside wall of the waveguide. The main difference between the two geometries is that one of them extends upwards and the other one downwards with respect to the planar inverted microstrip gap waveguide circuit. The simulated S-parameters show promising results.
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| 17. |
- Dorn, Michael, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Design approaches for timber-glass beams
- 2014
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Ingår i: Glass, facade, energy : Engineered Transparency International Conference at glasstec. - 9783867804028
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper relates to the mechanical performance of timber-glass composite beams, which take exceptional advantage of the combination of the materials involved. Beam bending tests were performed with beams made from float glass and heat-strengthened glass. Three different adhesive types were used: silicone, acrylate and epoxy. The test results show that, with a proper design, the timber is able to transfer load after glass failure and hence collapse is delayed and a ductile behavior can be obtained. The results from the tests were compared with an analytical method using the gamma-method and the agreement between the analytical method and the tests are shown to be excellent.
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| 18. |
- Nagashima, Miyuki, et al.
(författare)
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International climate agreements under induced technological change
- 2011
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Ingår i: Metroeconomica. - : Wiley. - 0026-1386 .- 1467-999X. ; 62:4, s. 612-634
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine the impact of technological change on the stability of climate coalitions and explore how international cooperation on abatement affects the incentives of signatories to invest in R&D to reduce emissions. We compare the case of no technological change with exogenous technological change and induced technological change. In the latter case R&D investments are endogenous. We find that the highest equilibrium pay-offs are achieved in the case of induced technological change. Furthermore, the formation of a climate coalition boosts R&D investments in carbon abatement technologies in signatory countries.
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| 19. |
- Hudson, Christine, 1950-
(författare)
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Hell's Grannies and Crazy Ladies : Challenging the Precarization of Older Women
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Social Politics. - : Oxford University Press. - 1072-4745 .- 1468-2893. ; 28:2, s. 314-334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Older women are often portrayed as particularly vulnerable and in need of protection, producing processes of ageist “othering” that deny agency, foster “appropriate” behaviors, and work to exclude them from everyday life. While not denying many women face a precarious situation in later life, some older women resist their subjectivation as vulnerable. Drawing on a concept of precarity as governmentality, older women’s acceptance and resistance to being characterized as “vulnerable” and in need of protection are explored in relation to focus group interviews with female pensioners in four Swedish municipalities.
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| 20. |
- Pham, Thi Bich Ngoc
(författare)
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Decentralizing hydraulic society : Actor responses to institutional arrangements in Vietnam
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Irrigation decentralization has been launched worldwide with high expectations of improved governance, efficiency, and productivity through democratic processes. However, there is widespread recognition that decentralization is, in reality, unlikely to bring about these positive outcomes. Poor implementation is widely blamed for these failures, but the current study argues that this is only partially true. Decentralization is usually treated as a technical way of power transfer that can be evaluated through quantitative indicators. Much attention goes to searching solutions to constraints during implementation while less emphasis is on understanding of contexts, processes and the consequences of institutional changes. The common approach mainly focuses on local water users’ organizations but gives insufficient attention to the cross-level interactions between involved actors, their responses to reforms, and power relationships. This approach answers the question: what should be done, but not: why do constraints/limitations occur and why are such contradictory results obtained? In this way the approach itself diffuses some of the challenges in reality and the root of problems leading to surprise consequences and failures during implementation.In this study, two irrigation systems in Vietnam were selected to examine the emerging decentralization processes, actors’ responses to the institutional changes, as well as the main options, challenges and constraints to decentralization. My ambition is also to further understand why constraints occur and have counterproductive effects. A mixed methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods, and cross-case analysis are applied. The database was built systematically, based on previous experience in this field, and participatory fieldwork. Decentralization is regarded as a power-laden process involving not just local organizations, but also state agencies, local authorities at different levels, state irrigation companies (IDMCs), and farmers. The study describes how institutional arrangements for decentralization have effects on the dynamics and relations of power between actors in multi-level governance, resulting in impacts on autonomy, accountability, participation, and incentives of involved actors.The analysis shows that the legal framework and several well-intended efforts for decentralization have been launched. However, outcomes in terms of power transfer and actors’ performance are not those expected. The current institutional arrangements have created major constraints: (i) imbalanced power relations, (ii) new resource allocation mechanisms creating dependency among actors, (iii) passiveness, vested interest and privilege within state agencies and IDMCs, and (iv) free-riding behavior and distrust among farmers. Prevailing conditions defy policy intentions by finding a new version of a centralized power structure at provincial level, in which power of state agencies and IDMCs are reinforced. Unexpected effects emerge on the autonomy, accountability, participation, and incentives of all involved actors. Decentralization of irrigation systems is a complex process, not merely a technical transfer of power. It is hard to achieve even with policy in place. All the complexities and implications of irrigation need to be thoroughly considered, with the dynamics in society included. Evaluations of decentralization based on production and economic terms are not enough. Impacts of institutional arrangements on power relations between actors, on their incentives, maneuver room in multi-level governance, and ability to comprehend and influence processes, need to be assessed thoroughly. Essential roles remain for central government when irrigation management is decentralized.
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| 21. |
- Egenvall, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating databases for research on health and performance in small animals and horses in the Nordic countries
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. - 0044-605X .- 1751-0147. ; 53, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nordic examples of the use of secondary small animal and equine databases include studies based on data from tumour registries, breeding registries, young horse quality contest results, competition data, insurance databases, clinic data, prescription data and hunting ability tests. In spite of this extensive use of secondary databases, integration between databases is less common. The aim of this presentation is to briefly review key papers that exemplify different ways of utilizing data from multiple sources, to highlight the benefits and limitations of the approaches, to discuss key issues/challenges that must be addressed when integrating data and to suggest future directions. Data from pedigree databases have been individually merged with competition data and young horse quality contest data, and true integration has also been done with canine insurance data and with equine clinical data. Data have also been merged on postal code level; i.e. insurance data were merged to a digitized map of Sweden and additional meteorological information added. In addition to all the data quality and validity issues inherent in the use of a single database, additional obstacles arise when combining information from several databases. Loss of individuals due to incorrect or mismatched identifying information can be considerable. If there are any possible biases affecting whether or not individuals can be properly linked, misinformation may result in a further reduction in power. Issues of confidentiality may be more difficult to address across multiple databases. For example, human identity information must be protected, but may be required to ensure valid merging of data. There is a great potential to better address complex issues of health and disease in companion animals and horses by integrating information across existing databases. The challenges outlined in this article should not preclude the ongoing pursuit of this approach.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Crotty Alexander, Laura E., et al.
(författare)
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Myeloid cell HIF-1 alpha regulates asthma airway resistance and eosinophil function
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Medicine. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 0946-2716 .- 1432-1440. ; 91:5, s. 637-644
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 alpha is a master regulator of inflammatory activities of myeloid cells, including neutrophils and macrophages. These studies examine the role of myeloid cell HIF-1 alpha in regulating asthma induction and pathogenesis, and for the first time, evaluate the roles of HIF-1 alpha and HIF-2 alpha in the chemotactic properties of eosinophils, the myeloid cells most associated with asthma. Wild-type (WT) and myeloid cell-specific HIF-1 alpha knockout (KO) C57BL/6 mice were studied in an ovalbumin (OVA) model of asthma. Administration of the pharmacological HIF-1 alpha antagonist YC-1 was used to corroborate findings from the genetic model. WT, HIF-1 alpha, and HIF-2 alpha KO eosinophils underwent in vitro chemotaxis assays. We found that deletion of HIF-1 alpha in myeloid cells and systemic treatment with YC-1 during asthma induction decreased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Deletion of HIF-1 alpha in myeloid cells in OVA-induced asthma also reduced eosinophil infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, and levels of cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in the lung. HIF-1 alpha inhibition with YC-1 during asthma induction decreased eosinophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage, lung parenchyma, and blood, as well as decreased total lung inflammation, IL-5, and serum OVA-specific IgE levels. Deletion of HIF-1 alpha in eosinophils decreased their chemotaxis, while deletion of the isoform HIF-2 alpha led to increased chemotaxis. This work demonstrates that HIF-1 alpha in myeloid cells plays a role in asthma pathogenesis, particularly in AHR development. Additionally, treatment with HIF-1 alpha inhibitors during asthma induction decreases AHR and eosinophilia. Finally, we show that HIF-1 alpha and HIF-2 alpha regulate eosinophil migration in opposing ways.
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| 24. |
- Feifel, R, et al.
(författare)
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Probing doubly excited ionic states of N-2(+) via a triple excitation above the N 1s threshold in the N-2 molecule
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Physical Review A (Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics). - 1050-2947. ; 67:3: 032504
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angle-resolved resonant Auger-electron spectroscopy has been carried out on the nitrogen molecule at selected photon energies around 419 eV, where a 1s core electron and two valence electrons are promoted into the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital 1pi(g). Significant enhancement of a specific band, which cannot be disentangled in direct photoionization, is observed at a binding energy of 37.6 eV, with a value of the anisotropy parameter beta much smaller than 2. We assign this new band to the transition to a doubly excited cationic state of N-2, in which two of the excited valence electrons remain in the 1pi(g) orbital, proposing a "double spectator" type decay mechanism. This observation shows how to preferentially probe multiply excited configurations of cations using multiple resonant excitation.
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| 25. |
- Leonarski, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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Jungfraujoch : hardware-accelerated data-acquisition system for kilohertz pixel-array X-ray detectors
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - 1600-5775. ; 30, s. 227-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The JUNGFRAU 4-megapixel (4M) charge-integrating pixel-array detector, when operated at a full 2 kHz frame rate, streams data at a rate of 17 GB s-1. To operate this detector for macromolecular crystallography beamlines, a data-acquisition system called Jungfraujoch was developed. The system, running on a single server with field-programmable gate arrays and general-purpose graphics processing units, is capable of handling data produced by the JUNGFRAU 4M detector, including conversion of raw pixel readout to photon counts, compression and on-the-fly spot finding. It was also demonstrated that 30 GB s-1 can be handled in performance tests, indicating that the operation of even larger and faster detectors will be achievable in the future. The source code is available from a public repository.
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| 26. |
- Croona, C, et al.
(författare)
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Neuropsychological findings in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
- 1999
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Ingår i: DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. ; 41:12
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BCECTS) is a well-known idiopathic age- and localization-related epileptic syndrome with characteristic clinical and EEG manifestations. Due to the reported benign evolution of this epilepsy syndrome,
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| 27. |
- Feifel, R, et al.
(författare)
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Observation of a continuum-continuum interference hole in ultrafast dissociating core-excited molecules
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 85:15, s. 3133-3136
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The femtosecond dissociation of HCl after core excitation has been studied through the resonant Auger decay. The spectra contain contributions from decay occurring at both "molecular" and "atomic" internuclear distances. We have observed a new interference mechanism in these spectra: An atomic spectral line develops into a negative spectral contribution, a "hole," when detuning the excitation energy from the maximum of the Cl 2p(-1)sigma* resonance. Resonant x-ray scattering theory quantitatively explains this behavior as due to a novel destructive continuum-Continuum interference between molecular and atomic contributions to the Auger decay.
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| 28. |
- Jansen, K., et al.
(författare)
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Faster approximation algorithms for scheduling with fixed jobs
- 2011
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Ingår i: Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology Series. - 9781920682989 ; , s. 3-9
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the problem of scheduling jobs on identical parallel machines without preemption. In the considered setting, some of the jobs are already assigned machines and starting times, for example due to external constraints not explicitly modelled. The objective is to assign the rest of the jobs in order to minimize the makespan. It is known that this problem cannot be approximated better than within a factor of 3/2 unless P = NP. An algorithm that achieves 3/2 + ε for any ε > 0 was presented by Diedrich and Jansen [DJ09], but its running time is doubly exponential in 1/ε. We present an improved algorithm with approximation ratio 3/2 and polynomial running time. We also give matching results for the related problem of scheduling with reservations. The new algorithm is both faster and conceptually simpler than the previously known algorithms.
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| 29. |
- Nicholl, Matt, et al.
(författare)
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An extremely energetic supernova from a very massive star in a dense medium
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3366. ; 4, s. 893-899
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interaction of a supernova with a circumstellar medium (CSM) can dramatically increase the emitted luminosity by converting kinetic energy to thermal energy. In 'superluminous' supernovae of type IIn-named for narrow hydrogen lines(1) in their spectra-the integrated emission can reach(2-6) similar to 10(51) erg, attainable by thermalizing most of the kinetic energy of a conventional supernova. A few transients in the centres of active galaxies have shown similar spectra and even larger energies(7,8), but are difficult to distinguish from accretion onto the supermassive black hole. Here we present a new event, SN2016aps, offset from the centre of a low-mass galaxy, that radiated greater than or similar to 5 x 10(51) erg, necessitating a hyper-energetic supernova explosion. We find a total (supernova ejecta + CSM) mass likely exceeding 50-100 M-circle dot, with energy greater than or similar to 10(52) erg, consistent with some models of pair-instability supernovae or pulsational pair-instability supernovae-theoretically predicted thermonuclear explosions from helium cores >50 M-circle dot. Independent of the explosion mechanism, this event demonstrates the existence of extremely energetic stellar explosions, detectable at very high redshifts, and provides insight into dense CSM formation in the most massive stars.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Akiyama, J, et al.
(författare)
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Benign and precursor lesions in the esophagus
- 2014
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Ingår i: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. - : Wiley. - 1749-6632 .- 0077-8923. ; 1325, s. 226-241
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 32. |
- Akiyama, Kazunori, et al.
(författare)
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First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. Array and Instrumentation
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 875:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) array that comprises millimeter- and submillimeter-wavelength telescopes separated by distances comparable to the diameter of the Earth. At a nominal operating wavelength of ∼1.3 mm, EHT angular resolution (λ/D) is ∼25 μas, which is sufficient to resolve nearby supermassive black hole candidates on spatial and temporal scales that correspond to their event horizons. With this capability, the EHT scientific goals are to probe general relativistic effects in the strong-field regime and to study accretion and relativistic jet formation near the black hole boundary. In this Letter we describe the system design of the EHT, detail the technology and instrumentation that enable observations, and provide measures of its performance. Meeting the EHT science objectives has required several key developments that have facilitated the robust extension of the VLBI technique to EHT observing wavelengths and the production of instrumentation that can be deployed on a heterogeneous array of existing telescopes and facilities. To meet sensitivity requirements, high-bandwidth digital systems were developed that process data at rates of 64 gigabit s -1 , exceeding those of currently operating cm-wavelength VLBI arrays by more than an order of magnitude. Associated improvements include the development of phasing systems at array facilities, new receiver installation at several sites, and the deployment of hydrogen maser frequency standards to ensure coherent data capture across the array. These efforts led to the coordination and execution of the first Global EHT observations in 2017 April, and to event-horizon-scale imaging of the supermassive black hole candidate in M87.
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| 33. |
- Akiyama, Kazunori, et al.
(författare)
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First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Data Processing and Calibration
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 875:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the calibration and reduction of Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 1.3 mm radio wavelength observations of the supermassive black hole candidate at the center of the radio galaxy M87 and the quasar 3C 279, taken during the 2017 April 5-11 observing campaign. These global very long baseline interferometric observations include for the first time the highly sensitive Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA); reaching an angular resolution of 25 μas, with characteristic sensitivity limits of ∼1 mJy on baselines to ALMA and ∼10 mJy on other baselines. The observations present challenges for existing data processing tools, arising from the rapid atmospheric phase fluctuations, wide recording bandwidth, and highly heterogeneous array. In response, we developed three independent pipelines for phase calibration and fringe detection, each tailored to the specific needs of the EHT. The final data products include calibrated total intensity amplitude and phase information. They are validated through a series of quality assurance tests that show consistency across pipelines and set limits on baseline systematic errors of 2% in amplitude and 1° in phase. The M87 data reveal the presence of two nulls in correlated flux density at ∼3.4 and ∼8.3 Gλ and temporal evolution in closure quantities, indicating intrinsic variability of compact structure on a timescale of days, or several light-crossing times for a few billion solar-mass black hole. These measurements provide the first opportunity to image horizon-scale structure in M87.
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| 34. |
- Akiyama, Kazunori, et al.
(författare)
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First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Imaging the Central Supermassive Black Hole
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 875:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the first Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) images of M87, using observations from April 2017 at 1.3 mm wavelength. These images show a prominent ring with a diameter of similar to 40 mu as, consistent with the size and shape of the lensed photon orbit encircling the "shadow" of a supermassive black hole. The ring is persistent across four observing nights and shows enhanced brightness in the south. To assess the reliability of these results, we implemented a two-stage imaging procedure. In the first stage, four teams, each blind to the others' work, produced images of M87 using both an established method (CLEAN) and a newer technique (regularized maximum likelihood). This stage allowed us to avoid shared human bias and to assess common features among independent reconstructions. In the second stage, we reconstructed synthetic data from a large survey of imaging parameters and then compared the results with the corresponding ground truth images. This stage allowed us to select parameters objectively to use when reconstructing images of M87. Across all tests in both stages, the ring diameter and asymmetry remained stable, insensitive to the choice of imaging technique. We describe the EHT imaging procedures, the primary image features in M87, and the dependence of these features on imaging assumptions.
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| 35. |
- Akiyama, Kazunori, et al.
(författare)
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First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. IX. Detection of Near-horizon Circular Polarization
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 957:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations have revealed a bright ring of emission around the supermassive black hole at the center of the M87 galaxy. EHT images in linear polarization have further identified a coherent spiral pattern around the black hole, produced from ordered magnetic fields threading the emitting plasma. Here we present the first analysis of circular polarization using EHT data, acquired in 2017, which can potentially provide additional insights into the magnetic fields and plasma composition near the black hole. Interferometric closure quantities provide convincing evidence for the presence of circularly polarized emission on event-horizon scales. We produce images of the circular polarization using both traditional and newly developed methods. All methods find a moderate level of resolved circular polarization across the image (〈|v|〉 < 3.7%), consistent with the low image-integrated circular polarization fraction measured by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (|vint| < 1%). Despite this broad agreement, the methods show substantial variation in the morphology of the circularly polarized emission, indicating that our conclusions are strongly dependent on the imaging assumptions because of the limited baseline coverage, uncertain telescope gain calibration, and weakly polarized signal. We include this upper limit in an updated comparison to general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulation models. This analysis reinforces the previously reported preference for magnetically arrested accretion flow models. We find that most simulations naturally produce a low level of circular polarization consistent with our upper limit and that Faraday conversion is likely the dominant production mechanism for circular polarization at 230 GHz in M87*
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| 36. |
- Akiyama, Kazunori, et al.
(författare)
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First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. The Shadow and Mass of the Central Black Hole
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 875:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present measurements of the properties of the central radio source in M87 using Event Horizon Telescope data obtained during the 2017 campaign. We develop and fit geometric crescent models (asymmetric rings with interior brightness depressions) using two independent sampling algorithms that consider distinct representations of the visibility data. We show that the crescent family of models is statistically preferred over other comparably complex geometric models that we explore. We calibrate the geometric model parameters using general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) models of the emission region and estimate physical properties of the source. We further fit images generated from GRMHD models directly to the data. We compare the derived emission region and black hole parameters from these analyses with those recovered from reconstructed images. There is a remarkable consistency among all methods and data sets. We find that >50% of the total flux at arcsecond scales comes from near the horizon, and that the emission is dramatically suppressed interior to this region by a factor >10, providing direct evidence of the predicted shadow of a black hole. Across all methods, we measure a crescent diameter of 42 +/- 3 mu as and constrain its fractional width to be
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| 37. |
- Akiyama, Kazunori, et al.
(författare)
-
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VII. Polarization of the Ring
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 910:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2017 April, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed the near-horizon region around the supermassive black hole at the core of the M87 galaxy. These 1.3 mm wavelength observations revealed a compact asymmetric ring-like source morphology. This structure originates from synchrotron emission produced by relativistic plasma located in the immediate vicinity of the black hole. Here we present the corresponding linear-polarimetric EHT images of the center of M87. We find that only a part of the ring is significantly polarized. The resolved fractional linear polarization has a maximum located in the southwest part of the ring, where it rises to the level of similar to 15%. The polarization position angles are arranged in a nearly azimuthal pattern. We perform quantitative measurements of relevant polarimetric properties of the compact emission and find evidence for the temporal evolution of the polarized source structure over one week of EHT observations. The details of the polarimetric data reduction and calibration methodology are provided. We carry out the data analysis using multiple independent imaging and modeling techniques, each of which is validated against a suite of synthetic data sets. The gross polarimetric structure and its apparent evolution with time are insensitive to the method used to reconstruct the image. These polarimetric images carry information about the structure of the magnetic fields responsible for the synchrotron emission. Their physical interpretation is discussed in an accompanying publication.
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| 38. |
- Akiyama, Kazunori, et al.
(författare)
-
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Magnetic Field Structure near The Event Horizon
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 910:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations at 230 GHz have now imaged polarized emission around the supermassive black hole in M87 on event-horizon scales. This polarized synchrotron radiation probes the structure of magnetic fields and the plasma properties near the black hole. Here we compare the resolved polarization structure observed by the EHT, along with simultaneous unresolved observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, to expectations from theoretical models. The low fractional linear polarization in the resolved image suggests that the polarization is scrambled on scales smaller than the EHT beam, which we attribute to Faraday rotation internal to the emission region. We estimate the average density n(e) similar to 10(4-7) cm(-3), magnetic field strength B similar to 1-30 G, and electron temperature T-e similar to (1-12) x 10(10) K of the radiating plasma in a simple one-zone emission model. We show that the net azimuthal linear polarization pattern may result from organized, poloidal magnetic fields in the emission region. In a quantitative comparison with a large library of simulated polarimetric images from general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations, we identify a subset of physical models that can explain critical features of the polarimetric EHT observations while producing a relativistic jet of sufficient power. The consistent GRMHD models are all of magnetically arrested accretion disks, where near-horizon magnetic fields are dynamically important. We use the models to infer a mass accretion rate onto the black hole in M87 of (3-20) x 10(-4) M yr(-1).
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| 39. |
- Akiyama, Kazunori, et al.
(författare)
-
First Sagittarius A * Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole in the Center of the Milky Way
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 930:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the first Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the Galactic center source associated with a supermassive black hole. These observations were conducted in 2017 using a global interferometric array of eight telescopes operating at a wavelength of λ = 1.3 mm. The EHT data resolve a compact emission region with intrahour variability. A variety of imaging and modeling analyses all support an image that is dominated by a bright, thick ring with a diameter of 51.8 ± 2.3 μas (68% credible interval). The ring has modest azimuthal brightness asymmetry and a comparatively dim interior. Using a large suite of numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the EHT images of Sgr A* are consistent with the expected appearance of a Kerr black hole with mass ∼4 × 106 M☉, which is inferred to exist at this location based on previous infrared observations of individual stellar orbits, as well as maser proper-motion studies. Our model comparisons disfavor scenarios where the black hole is viewed at high inclination (i > 50°), as well as nonspinning black holes and those with retrograde accretion disks. Our results provide direct evidence for the presence of a supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, and for the first time we connect the predictions from dynamical measurements of stellar orbits on scales of 103-105 gravitational radii to event-horizon-scale images and variability. Furthermore, a comparison with the EHT results for the supermassive black hole M87* shows consistency with the predictions of general relativity spanning over three orders of magnitude in central mass.
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| 40. |
- Akiyama, Kazunori, et al.
(författare)
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First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. EHT and Multiwavelength Observations, Data Processing, and Calibration
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 930:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 1.3 mm measurements of the radio source located at the position of the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), collected during the 2017 April 5-11 campaign. The observations were carried out with eight facilities at six locations across the globe. Novel calibration methods are employed to account for Sgr A*'s flux variability. The majority of the 1.3 mm emission arises from horizon scales, where intrinsic structural source variability is detected on timescales of minutes to hours. The effects of interstellar scattering on the image and its variability are found to be subdominant to intrinsic source structure. The calibrated visibility amplitudes, particularly the locations of the visibility minima, are broadly consistent with a blurred ring with a diameter of similar to 50 mu as, as determined in later works in this series. Contemporaneous multiwavelength monitoring of Sgr A* was performed at 22, 43, and 86 GHz and at near-infrared and X-ray wavelengths. Several X-ray flares from Sgr A* are detected by Chandra, one at low significance jointly with Swift on 2017 April 7 and the other at higher significance jointly with NuSTAR on 2017 April 11. The brighter April 11 flare is not observed simultaneously by the EHT but is followed by a significant increase in millimeter flux variability immediately after the X-ray outburst, indicating a likely connection in the emission physics near the event horizon. We compare Sgr A*'s broadband flux during the EHT campaign to its historical spectral energy distribution and find that both the quiescent emission and flare emission are consistent with its long-term behavior.
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| 41. |
- Anderson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Welfare Implications of Electric-Bike Subsidies: Evidence from Sweden
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Electric bikes are a potentially important tool to address global warming since they can be a viable alternative to cars in urban areas. Governments are using subsidies to promote household adoption. Welfare analyses are challenging, requiring pass-through estimates from transactions, incidence of non-additionality (i.e. those who would have bought even without the subsidy), and resulting substitution from driving. We combine administrative, insurance and survey data from a large-scale Swedish subsidy program in 2018, which is similar to other programs around world, to evaluate these implications. We find (1) complete pass through of the average $500 subsidy to consumers, (2) a near doubling of E-bikes sold but one-third of adopters are non-additional; and (3) a savings of 1.3 tons of carbon emissions during the life of the E-bike. Combining these estimates, an E-bike subsidy program can only be justified with a social cost of carbon that is several hundred dollars higher than what is typically used.
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| 42. |
- Brodén Gyberg, Veronica, PhD, 1978-
(författare)
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Integration Conundrums: Framing And Responding To Combined Climate And Conflict Challenges In Swedish Development Cooperation. In Session 18: The Governance, Design, And Practice Of Aid (SDG17)
- 2021
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although there is ongoing debate about the causal mechanisms linking climate change to violent conflict, researchers and policymakers widely agree that climate change exacerbates existing vulnerabilities that undermine human security and societies´ well-being. Resource scarcity and natural disasters can lead to increased cooperation, but the double burden of climate change and political fragility constitutes a serious challenge and the most detrimental effects are seen in already fragile contexts. Due to the importance of preventive measures, development organizations are key in addressing and mitigating the combined challenges of climate and conflict. Such organizations are conceptualizing and integrating security risks posed by climate change, but previous research shows that this work is hampered by organizational silos. This paper contributes to the burgeoning research on integrated approaches to addressing combined challenges of climate and conflict by organizations through examining how the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) works with these issues. In 2015, Sida received an updated directive increasing ambitions for the integration of the thematic issue areas of environment and climate, conflict and gender. The paper uses a comprehensive understanding of security and applies insights on mainstreaming in official development assistance (ODA) from environmental policy integration literature to examine how the connections between climate and security are framed in central policies, in strategies and by Sida staff. It also analyzes how Sida’s organization and procedures support the integration of the two perspectives ‘environment and climate’ and ‘conflict’ and highlights challenges and opportunities that arise when translating policy and strategy into practice. The study is based on an analysis of overarching instructions, policy documents and interviews with 24 Sida staff at Sida’s headquarters in Stockholm and at Swedish Embassies in Eastern Africa. The experience of Sida is an illustrative example of an emerging challenge for ODA actors, and can therefore be valuable for a broad set of organizations also aiming to develop integrated approaches. The study shows that although Sida prioritizes the integration between environment and climate, and conflict on a general policy level, there are some challenges when translating the policy into practice. Ambiguities are identified with regard to concepts used and there are tensions between expert and general knowledge. There are many initiatives aiming to integrate climate and conflict with one another, but increased collaboration on operationalization could enable even deeper levels of integrated work.
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| 43. |
- Farage, Carmel, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying flow modules in ecological networks using Infomap
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Methods in Ecology and Evolution. - London : British Ecology Society. - 2041-210X. ; 12:5, s. 778-786
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysing how species interact in modules is a fundamental problem in network ecology. Theory shows that a modular network structure can reveal underlying dynamic ecological and evolutionary processes, influence dynamics that operate on the network and affect the stability of the ecological system. Although many ecological networks describe flows, such as biomass flows in food webs or disease transmission, most modularity analyses have ignored network flows, which can hinder our understanding of the interplay between structure and dynamics. Here we present Infomap, an established method based on network flows to the field of ecological networks. Infomap is a flexible tool that can identify modules in virtually any type of ecological network and is particularly useful for directed, weighted and multilayer networks. We illustrate how Infomap works on all these network types. We also provide a fully documented repository with additional ecological examples. Finally, to help researchers to analyse their networks with Infomap, we introduce the open-source R package infomapecology. Analysing flow-based modularity is useful across ecology and transcends to other biological and non-biological disciplines. A dynamic approach for detecting modular structure has strong potential to provide new insights into the organisation of ecological networks.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Godaly, Gabriela, et al.
(författare)
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Urinary tract infections revisited.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Kidney International. - : Elsevier BV. - 1523-1755 .- 0085-2538. ; 71:8, s. 721-723
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain a significant clinical problem, despite antibiotic treatment and surgical correction of reflux and malformations. Here we propose that novel molecular tools may be applied to modernize and individualize the diagnosis and therapy of UTI. Determinants of bacterial virulence and host resistance are relatively well understood at the molecular level, and technology for their detection is within reach.
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| 46. |
- Issa, F., et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear radiation detectors based on 4H-SiC p+-n junction
- 2014
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Ingår i: 15th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials, ICSCRM 2013. - 9783038350101 ; , s. 1046-1049
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silicon carbide (SiC) radiation detectors were realized by 10B implantation into the metal contact in order to avoid implantation-related defects within the sensitive area of the 4H-SiC pn junction. No post implantation annealing was performed. Such detectors respond to thermal neutrons showing consistent counting rates as function of external reverse bias voltages and radiation intensity.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Kim, Jae-Kwang, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Highly porous LiMnPO4 in combination with an ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte for lithium batteries
- 2011
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Ingår i: Electrochemistry Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 1388-2481. ; 13:10, s. 1105-1108
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A porous well defined LiMnPO(4) cathode material is synthesized by a sol-gel method. The electrochemical performance of the cathode material is evaluated in a cell with an ionic liquid-based polymer electrolyte (0.5 M LITFSI in EMlmTFSI) and a lithium metal electrode. The results are compared to a cell with a traditional organic carbonate-based electrolyte (1 M LiPF(6) in EC/DMC). The cell with the ionic liquid-based polymer electrolyte presents an enhanced electrochemical intercalation performance of lithium ions, a high electrochemical stability window of 5 V, and an excellent cycling ability as compared with the organic based counterpart. Furthermore, the ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte effectively prevents the dissolution of manganese - otherwise a common problem.
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| 50. |
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