| 1. |
- Fridner, Ann, 1951-
(författare)
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Karriärvägar och karriärmönster bland disputerade läkare och medicinare
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Career paths in academic medicineBackground: women physicians were underrepresented in senior academic positions at medical faculties in Sweden during the last century.Aim: the aim of this thesis is to map gender equality in the postdoctoral careers of physicians. Methods: a triangulation of methods was obtained by performing three studies based on quantitative and qualitative data, namely descriptive statistics regarding the academic positions of graduates from all medical departments in Sweden, as well as a life history questionnaire, and in-depth interviews with 38 selected respondents. Results: in three consecutive cohorts, there were no gender differences in the academic positions in relation to the number of female and male graduates. These results applied to all medical departments in Sweden, with the exception of female physicians, who had graduated from pre-clinical departments at the Karolinska Institute. These results were also found in the second study. Male physicians more often, and at a younger age, held positions as Senior Physicians at university hospitals. Women physicians had two careers, one as a scientist and the other as a physician, whilst some men dropped out from medical training and concentrated on a career in pre-clinical research. In the third study, it was found that, when collaboration with a former supervisor continued after graduation, males were viewed as equal partners, whereas females were viewed as dependent and in need of support. The in-depth interviews also indicated that female physicians tried to adapt to a traditional scientific organisation created by men, for men, which was reflected in the interviews with both the female and male respondents. Conclusions: in Sweden, there is no 'leaky pipeline' in academic medicine after graduation. Gender equality is reached, but women conform to existing male norms, and in the future, there is a risk that this competent group of women will become stressed and burnt out.
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| 2. |
- Henricsson, Lisbeth, 1949-
(författare)
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Warriors and Worriers : Development, Protective and Exacerbating Factors in Children with Behavior Problems. A Study Across the First Six Years of School
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Various aspects of elementary school children's behavior problems were investigated in four studies. In Study I, teachers’ perceived low control over the classroom situation and a custodial teacher orientation were associated with teachers' (n = 86) preferences for authoritarian strategies (e.g., firm commands) in handling externalizing child behavior problems. Further, perceived high control and a humanistic teacher orientation were associated with non-authoritarian strategies (e.g., reasoning with students). In Study II, the aim was to investigate prospectively teacher-child interactions and teacher-child perceptions of the relationship between children with externalizing (n=26) and internalizing (n=25) behavior problems and unproblematic children (n=44) in the first grade. Children with behavior problems had a higher frequency of negative teacher relationships than unproblematic children. Observed conflictual children-teacher interactions contributed to negative teacher relationships independent of problem status. The moderating effects of social competence were small. In Study III, the principal aim was to investigate whether the children’s social competence, relationships with teachers and behavior with peers functioned as protective or exacerbating factors regarding the adaptation of children with behavior problems. Children with externalizing and internalizing behavior problems, in comparison with unproblematic children, were lower in social competence, school achievement and peer acceptance in sixth grade. There were moderating and independent effects of social competence and teacher and peer relationships on outcomes, but these were mainly restricted to those children with internalizing problems. The primary aim of Study IV was to investigate the social and school adjustment of six-grade children experiencing feelings of loneliness and low peer acceptance. Totally, 808 children participated, and 323 of these children had been followed from grade 1 to grade 6. The results indicated that loneliness was most strongly predicted by early internalizing problems, whereas poor acceptance was predicted by early externalizing problems and poor social competence. Associations between loneliness and low peer acceptance and other adjustment difficulties were also observed. In conclusion, children with behavior problems risk negative relationships as well as other adjustment problems. Early interventions are important in strengthening the protective factors.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, et al.
(författare)
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Social competence and behaviour problems in burned children
- 2003
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Ingår i: Burns. - 0305-4179 .- 1879-1409. ; 29:1, s. 25-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to collect follow-up data on social competence and behavioural problems in a sample of Swedish burned children and to compare the results with normative data from a reference group of children comparable in age, socio-economic status and gender. Parents of 44 children (55% response rate) aged 7-12 years were asked to complete a questionnaire booklet including the Children's Behaviour Questionnaire (CBQ) and the Social Competence Inventory (SCI). Data from the children's teachers were also collected for 20 children using the same booklet. In addition, data on TBSA, localisation of injury, and other background factors were collected. Results showed that the burned children were rated by their parents as showing lesser degrees of social initiative and more externalising problems and concentration problems compared with the control group. Teachers rated the burn injured children as having less prosocial orientation, more externalising problems, and more concentration problems. No clear effects were found for gender and characteristics of the burn injury. Results on the Social Competence Inventory were associated with scores on the Children's Behaviour Questionnaire.The findings are consistent with previous research in that the differences found were relatively small. However, they do call for attention to the possible adverse effects of growing up with a burn injury, but also to the possible pre-morbid characteristics that may be related to the injury.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Diamantopoulou, Sofia, 1975-
(författare)
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Behavioral and Cognitive Aspects of Poor Peer Relations in Children
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Viewing peer relations as markers of children’s adjustment, the present thesis examined the associations between disruptive behavior problems (i.e., symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder [ADHD] and aggression) and peer relations. A second aim was to examine how children’s cognitive functioning and view of self and of their social standing are associated with their peer relations and interactions. Gender differences in the above relations were also examined. The findings indicate that although disruptive behaviors are related to poor peer relations, low levels of prosociality (Study I) and poor cognitive functioning (i.e., poor executive functioning; Study II) exacerbate children’s peer problems. Further, overly positive perceptions of one’s social acceptance and low global self-evaluations were both related to aggression within the peer group (Study III). As regards gender differences, high levels of symptoms of ADHD and poor executive functioning, had graver consequences for the peer acceptance of girls’ than of boys’ (Study I and Study II) indicating that these characteristics may not fit the cultural stereotype for girls. Results are discussed in terms of viewing poor peer relations as indicators of problematic adjustment, and also, in terms of assessing the particular significance that peer relations have for children’s self-view and behavior within the peer group. Implications of the findings as regards the interactions between behavior, cognitions, and gender on children’s peer relations are also discussed.
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| 9. |
- Diamantopoulou, Sofia, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Can Both Low and High Self-esteem Be Related to Aggression in Children?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Social development (Oxford. Print). - : Wiley. - 0961-205X .- 1467-9507. ; 17:3, s. 682-698
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the opposing hypotheses that either low or exaggerated but disputed self-esteem is related to aggression in 652 12-year-old schoolchildren. Children provided peer nominations of social acceptance and of physical aggression, self-ratings of global self-worth and of social satisfaction. Teachers rated aggressive behavior and internalizing problems. Exaggerated but disputed self-esteem was conceptualizedas discrepancies between self and peer evaluations of social satisfactionand of social acceptance, respectively, in combination with peer rejection. The main results showed that both low levels of global self-worth and exaggerated but disputed self-esteem were related to aggression. The findings indicated that, depending on how self-esteem is conceptualized, aggressive children may appear to have both a low and a high self-esteem. Regarding gender differences, exaggerated self-esteem was morestrongly related to aggression in boys than in girls.
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| 10. |
- Diamantopoulou, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of executive functioning and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on children's peer relations and school performance
- 2007
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Ingår i: Developmental Neuropsychology. - 8756-5641 .- 1532-6942. ; 32:1, s. 521-542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examined the predictive relations from symptoms of Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and executive functioning (EF) to social and school functioning in 112 (62 girls) school children. High levels of teacher and parent ratings of ADHD symptoms at the ages of 8-8 1/2 years, and poor EF measured at the age of 8 1/2, were associated with poor social functioning measured by peer nominations and poor teacher ratings of school functioning at the age of 9 1/2. ADHD symptoms independently predicted social and school functioning, whereas EF independently predicted only school functioning. Interaction effects between ADHD and EF and between EF and gender were found: At high levels of symptoms of inattention, the poorer the EF, the greater the need for special education. At high levels of symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity, the poorer the EF, the higher the levels of physical aggression. Girls with poor EF were less accepted by peers than equivalent boys.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Ehrstedt, Christoffer, et al.
(författare)
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Cognition, health-related quality of life, and mood in children and young adults diagnosed with a glioneuronal tumor in childhood
- 2018
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Ingår i: Epilepsy & Behavior. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-5050 .- 1525-5069. ; 83, s. 59-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate long-term cognitive outcome, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and psychiatric symptoms in children and young adults diagnosed with a glioneuronal tumor in childhood.Methods: Twenty-eight children and adolescents (0-17.99 years) with a minimum postoperative follow-up time of five years were eligible for the study; four persons declined participation. A cross-sectional long-term follow-up evaluation was performed using the following study measures: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) or Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV), Reys Complex Figure Test (RCFT), Short Form 36 version 2 (SF-36v2), Short Form 10 (SF-10), Quality of Life in Epilepsy 31 (QOLIE-31), Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) or Beck Youth Inventory Scales (BYI), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Historical WISC-III and RCFT data were used to compare cognitive longitudinal data.Results: Mean follow-up time after surgery was 12.1 years. Sixty-three percent (15/24) were seizure-free. Despite a successive postoperative gain in cognitive function, a significant reduction relative to norms was seen in the seizure-free group with respect to perceptual reasoning index (PRI), working memory index (WMI), and full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ). Seizure freedom resulted in acceptable HRQoL. Thirty-two percent and 16% exceeded the threshold level of possible anxiety and depression, respectively, despite seizure freedom.Conclusion: Although lower than in corresponding reference groups, cognitive outcome and HRQoL are good provided that seizure freedom or at least a low seizure severity can be achieved. There is a risk of elevated levels of psychiatric symptoms. Long-term clinical follow-up is advisable.
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| 13. |
- Ehrstedt, Christoffer
(författare)
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Glioneuronal tumours in childhood : Clinical picture, long-term outcome and possible new treatments
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Glioneuronal tumours are a subgroup of low-grade tumours of the central nervous system (CNS), often causing epilepsy. Overall survival is excellent, but data regarding long-term seizure outcome and late effects are scarce.Aims: The overall aim was to gather data about pre- and postsurgical factors of importance and long-term outcomes to improve standards of care. Another aim was to explore the expression of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtypes and mTOR pathway markers.Methods: This thesis, based on four population-based studies with both retrospective and cross-sectional parts, was performed through a long-term follow-up of a Swedish cohort of children with glioneuronal tumours in the Uppsala-Örebro health region. Patients were identified from the National Brain Tumour Registry and the National Epilepsy Surgery Registry. Various methods were used: reviews of hospital medical records, patient interviews, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) assessments with generic (Short Form 36version2) and disease specific (Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31) questionnaires, neuropsychological evaluations with Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV or Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test-IV and Reys Complex Figure Test and evaluation for possible depression with Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale. Immunohistochemical analyses for SSTR subtypes 1, 2a, 3 and 5 and mTOR pathway components ezrin-radixin-moesin and pS6 were performed on tumour specimens.Results: Glioneuronal tumours seem to be more frequent than previously reported, accounting for 13.5% of all childhood CNS tumours. They often cause medically refractory epilepsy resulting in cognitive impairment. Neurosurgery was often delayed; mean time from symptom debut to lesionectomy was 4.6 years. Long-term seizure freedom was achieved in 84% of patients who had a gross total resection (GTR) and is important for long-term cognitive restitution, HRQoL, educational and vocational outcomes. SSTR2a and SSTR3 expression was a frequent finding in glioneuronal tumours. Signs of mTOR pathway activation were abundant in ganglioglioma.Conclusions: A safe GTR should be striven for and considered a first-line treatment. Long-term clinical follow-up should be offered to all patients and for those with an inoperable tumour/tumour remnant causing tumour growth and/or medically refractory epilepsy, somatostatin analogues and/or mTOR inhibitors might represent a therapeutic alternative worth exploring further.
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| 14. |
- Giannotta, Fabrizia, et al.
(författare)
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The Prospective Links Between Hyperactive/Impulsive, Inattentive, and Oppositional-Defiant Behaviors in Childhood and Antisocial Behavior in Adolescence : The Moderating Influence of Gender and the Parent-Child Relationship Quality.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Child Psychiatry and Human Development. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0009-398X .- 1573-3327. ; 47:6, s. 857-870
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We prospectively investigated the effect of child hyperactive/impulsive, inattentive, and oppositional/defiant behaviors on the development of youth antisocial behaviors, and the moderating influence of gender and the parent-child relationship quality in a normative sample. Participants (N = 673, 50 % girls) were assessed at 10 years of age (parent reports) and at age 15 (parent and adolescent reports). Using latent change models, we found that initial levels of, as well as increases in, hyperactivity/impulsivity and oppositional behaviors and initial levels of inattention behaviors predicted youth antisocial behaviors. The increase in oppositional behaviors was predictive of youth antisocial behaviors in girls only. Child hyperactive/impulsive behaviors predicted youth antisocial behaviors only in children for whom the quality of the parent-child relationship deteriorated from childhood to adolescence. Thus, both initial levels of and increases in disruptive behaviors as well as gender are important for understanding the development of antisocial behaviors in adolescence. We received partial support for the hypothesized, moderating role of a high-quality parent-child relationship.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Giannotta, Fabrizia, et al.
(författare)
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The role of the mother-child relationship in the route from child ADHD to adolescent symptoms of depressed mood
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Adolescence. - : Elsevier. - 0140-1971 .- 1095-9254. ; 61, s. 40-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We attempt to explain the co-variation between ADHD and symptoms of depressed mood, focusing on the family context and testing whether the mother-child relationship mediates or moderates the link between child ADHD and youth depressed mood symptoms. In a longitudinal study, we used mother and youth reports for 596 Swedish youth, 50% boys, from a community sample at 10, 15, and 18 years of age. The results did not support the mediation hypothesis. Only one moderation effect was found. Mother-child conflicts in mid-adolescence, as rated by mothers, increased symptoms of depressed mood symptoms in late adolescent only for youth with high levels of hyperactivity symptoms. However, depressed mood symptoms at age 18 were predicted by low mother-child involvement in mid-adolescence, over and above the effects of inattention symptoms. This latter finding was consistent across mother and youth ratings of the relationship. Implications of these results are discussed. (C) 2017 The Foundation for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
- Hagekull, Berit, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal sensitivity, infant temperament, and the development of early feeding problems
- 1997
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Ingår i: INFANT MENTAL HEALTH JOURNAL. - : MICHIGAN ASSN INFANT MENTAL HEALTH. - 0163-9641. ; 18:1, s. 92-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Early feeding problems, assessed in maternal reports about general problems and refusal behaviors, were investigated in a normal sample (ri = 115) at the ages of 10 months and 2 years. In a longitudinal design. stability of feeding problems was studied.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Helgesson, Gert, et al.
(författare)
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Ethical aspects of diagnosis and interventions for children with fetal alcohol Spectrum disorder (FASD) and their families
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Ethics. - : BIOMED CENTRAL LTD. - 1472-6939. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is an umbrella term covering several conditions for which alcohol consumption during pregnancy is taken to play a causal role. The benefit of individuals being identified with a condition within FASD remains controversial. The objective of the present study was to identify ethical aspects and consequences of diagnostics, interventions, and family support in relation to FASD.Methods: Ethical aspects relating to diagnostics, interventions, and family support regarding FASD were compiled and discussed, drawing on a series of discussions with experts in the field, published literature, and medical ethicists.Results: Several advantages and disadvantages in regards of obtaining a diagnosis or description of the condition were identified. For instance, it provides an explanation and potential preparedness for not yet encountered difficulties, which may play an essential role in acquiring much needed help and support from health care, school, and the socia ! services. There are no interventions specifically evaluated for FASD conditions, but training programs and family support for conditions with symptoms overlapping with FASD, e.g. ADHD, autism, and intellectual disability, are likely to be relevant. Stigmatization, blame, and guilt are potential downsides. There might also be unfortunate prioritization if individuals with equal needs are treated differently depending on whether or not they meet the criteria for a specific condition. Conclusions: The value for the concerned individuals of obtaining a FASD-related description of their condition - for instance, in terms of wellbeing - is not established. Nor is it established that allocating resources based, on whether individuals fulfil FASD-related criteria is justified, compared to allocations directed to the most prominent specific needs.
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| 20. |
- Henricsson, Lisbeth, et al.
(författare)
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Children with behavior problems : The influence of social competence and social relations on problem stability, school achievement and peer acceptance across the first six years of school
- 2006
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Ingår i: Infant and Child Development. - : Wiley. - 1522-7227 .- 1522-7219. ; 15:4, s. 347-366
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of the present study were to investigate the role for problematic children of the child's social competence, teacher relations and behaviour with peers for later problem persistence, school performance and peer acceptance, in terms of moderating (protective and exacerbating) and independent effects. Groups of children with externalizing (n = 26) and internalizing (n = 25) problems and a non-problematic group (n = 44) were followed from grade 1-6. Teachers rated behaviour problems and social competence in the first, third and sixth grades, the teacher-child relationship in third grade, and school achievement in sixth grade. Behaviour with peers was assessed in observations in later elementary school. Peer acceptance was assessed through peer nominations in sixth grade. Both problem groups had lower social competence, school achievement and peer acceptance in sixth grade than the non-problematic group. There were moderating and independent effects of social competence, teacher and peer relations on outcomes, but these applied mainly to children with internalizing problems.
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| 21. |
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| 23. |
- Khalifa, Najah, et al.
(författare)
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Tourette Syndrome in the General Child Population : Cognitive functioning and self-perception
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 64:1, s. 11-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to examine the cognitive function and self-perception in a school-population-based sample of children with Tourette syndrome (TS). Many studies have examined cognitive and emotional functioning in clinical samples but to our knowledge, there is no population-based study of TS in schoolchildren. In a population-based sample identified in a rigid diagnostic procedure (n = 25), cognitive functioning and self-perception were examined. There was a large variation in the cognitive functioning of children with TS, at least one third obtaining subnormal results. The profile of index scores on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) factors was somewhat uneven, with the freedom from distractibility and processing speed factors presenting the lowest median scores. The TS group had more negative self-perceptions than a comparison group. Tic severity or age at onset was not associated with cognitive performance or self-perception. Children who were taking medication had lower full IQ scores than children who were not. Low cognitive abilities and negative self-perception may be common in community-based samples of children with Tourette syndrome.
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| 24. |
- Lenardt, Grazyna, 1955-
(författare)
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"Invandrarkvinnor" i vägskäl: : Deras handlingar och val i våldspräglade relationer från ett genuspsykologiskt perspektiv
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Men’s violence against immigrant women in the Swedish context is a universal issue affecting human rights and gender equality.Aim: The purpose of the study was to gain further knowledge about immigrant women who seek help for being abused by their men and to provide deeper insight into what influence they have to change their situation.Methods: The study was based on quantitative and qualitative data, namely a questionnaire providing descriptive statistics regarding immigrant women who sought help for being abused in close relationships, as well as in-depth interviews with nine selected respondents who had been abused by their men.Results: According to the questionnaires, the women’s situation was characterised by isolation from both their families and from Swedish society. Nearly half of the women did not have a permanent residence permit. The effects of living in segregated areas where immigrants predominate and having language difficulties were apparent. Some women stated they were subjected to discrimination and racism. Tactics of control used by the abuser, such as racist statements and threats of forced return, can be seen as ways of oppression specific to their residence in a foreign country. The in-depth interviews also indicated that although the women lacked the scope to decide for themselves or to co-decide within the limits of their relationship, they continuously sought options to change the situation. Conclusions: Leaving a relationship characterised by violence seems to be a difficult psychological and social change process. Many of the problems created as a result of specific conditions in the country of immigration amplify the effects of the abuse and make it difficult for these women to change their situation. The women must manage the man’s aggressiveness and dominance on one hand, and on the other hand manage their own position in Sweden as subordinated “others”.
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| 25. |
- Malmberg, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Validity of the Swedish version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-Swe)
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 57:5, s. 357-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is an internationally widely used, brief screening instrument for mental health problems in children and teenagers. The SDQ probes behaviours and psychological attributes reflecting the child's difficulties as well as strengths, and targets hyperactivity/inattention, emotional symptoms, conduct problems, peer problems and prosocial behaviour. Also, the instrument taps the impact aspect, i.e. whether the child is judged to suffer from emotional or behavioural problems severe enough to cause distress or social impairment. Studies of the original English SDQ, as well as of translations into several other languages, attest to a compelling usefulness and validity of the instrument. In this investigation, the adequacy of the Swedish adaptation of the SDQ (SDQ-Swe) was tested in comparisons between parent reports on 5-15-year-old children drawn from a community sample (n=263) and from a child psychiatric sample (n=230). Results showed that the instrument differentiated well between the community and the psychiatric samples, the latter displaying more symptoms, fewer strengths and more social impairment. Moreover, ROC analyses showed satisfactory sensitivity and specificity of the principal scales of the SDQ-Swe at proposed cut-offs. Hence, results showed adequate validity of the SDQ-Swe, suggesting that this new instrument, an instrument in tune with the ideas of contemporary child psychiatry and psychology, is a useful tool for mental health screening in children and adolescents.
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| 26. |
- Nyberg, Lilianne, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Low social inclusion in childhood : Adjustment and early predictors
- 2008
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Ingår i: Infant and Child Development. - 1522-7227 .- 1522-7219. ; 17:6, s. 639-656
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The principal aim of the present study was to obtain a deeper understanding than hitherto of the concurrent correlates and prospective predictors of loneliness and poor peer acceptance, both falling under the umbrella term low social inclusion. Problematic and socially competent behaviours were investigated as possible predictors of low social inclusion in grade 6, as defined by self-rated loneliness and degree of peer non-acceptance, respectively. In grade 6 808 children participated whereof 323 were followed longitudinally from first grade. Loneliness in grade 6 was distinctively associated with high levels of internalizing problems, concurrently as well as prospectively. Peer acceptance, on the other hand, emerged as a complex, multifaceted aspect, with concurrent, independent predictions from both externalizing and internalizing problem behaviours as well as social competence, although prospective analyses found early externalizing problems to be the strongest predictor of peer acceptance. Moderating effects of social competence were sparse, although peer nominated social competence buffered peer acceptance for children with high levels of aggression in the concurrent analyses and social competence boosted peer acceptance for children with low problem levels in the predictive analyses. Social competence did not appear to buffer the negative impact of early problem behaviours on peer relations.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Rydell, Ann-Margret, et al.
(författare)
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ADHD symptoms and callous-unemotional traits as predictors of violent media use in adolescence
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 62:1, s. 25-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated ADHD symptoms and CU traits as predictors of violent media use in adolescence, controlling for delinquency and ODD symptoms. The effects on of disinhibition and arousal to negative stimuli, core characteristics of ADHD symptoms and CU traits, and of gender were investigated. At age 15, 88 adolescents, 50 % boys reported on CU traits, ADHD symptoms and delinquency. Parents rated the adolescents' CU traits, ADHD- and ODD symptoms. At age 16, adolescents reported on their media habits and performed tests of disinhibition and arousal to negative stimuli. Boys had higher levels of CU traits and violent media use and girls had higher levels of arousal to negative pictures. CU traits and inattention symptoms predicted violent media use, the latter association applying only to boys, with CU traits being the strongest predictor. Low arousal to threat pictures explained variance in violent media use, above CU traits. Attraction to violent media seems affected by problem behaviors, with CU traits coming forth as especially important.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Rydell, Ann-Margret, et al.
(författare)
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Behavior problems, social relationships, and adolescents' future orientation : Links from middle to late adolescence
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Adolescence. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0140-1971 .- 1095-9254.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionAs adolescents leave high school, plans for the future are of great importance. Future orientation reflects positive thoughts regarding further education, employment, and family life. While future orientation has been found to affect behavior problems, the influence of behavior problems on future orientation is mainly unknown. Positive parent−child and peer relations may boost positive outlooks, but the interplay of behavior problems and social relations for future orientation remains to be studied.MethodsParticipants were 485 adolescents, 54% girls, living in Mid-Sweden. At age 15, parents and adolescents rated ADHD- and internalizing symptoms, parents rated ODD-symptoms, and adolescents rated their relationship with parents and peers. At age 18, adolescents rated future orientation regarding education, employment, and family, and reported on delinquent acts.ResultsLow levels of inattention symptoms and of delinquency were important for all higher future orientation aspects. In contrast, higher levels of hyperactive-impulsive symptoms were associated with more positive outlooks on work and family life. Relationships with parents and peers were stronger predictors of future outlooks, compared with behavior problems. There were few interaction effects of behavioral symptoms and social relationship quality.ConclusionsBehavior problems in middle adolescence may negatively affect future outlooks. However, positive social relations, especially relations with peers, seem more important for optimistic views than behavior problems and thus may have a compensatory effect. The clinical implications should be to address the young person's social world, in the case of misgivings about the future, also in the presence of problematic behaviors.
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| 31. |
- RYDELL, Ann-Margret, et al.
(författare)
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CHARACTERISTICS OF SCHOOL-CHILDREN WHO ARE CHOOSY EATERS
- 1995
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF GENETIC PSYCHOLOGY. - : HELDREF PUBLICATIONS. - 0022-1325. ; 156:2, s. 217-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Choosiness, manifested in refusal of foods, eating little, and disinterest in food, was studied with regard to prevalence, stability, sociodemographic characteristics, health problems, weight, and associated problem behaviors in a sample of 240 Swedish p
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Rydell, Ann-Margret, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive and Emotional Profiles of CU Traits and Disruptive Behavior in Adolescence : a Prospective Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0091-0627 .- 1573-2835. ; 47:6, s. 1039-1051
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we followed 82–90 adolescents, 50% boys, from 15 to 16 years, investigating CU traits and disruptive behaviors as predictors of cognitive skills and arousal to emotional pictures. At age 15, CU traits were rated by adolescents and disruptive (aggregated ADHD-ODD-delinquent) behaviors were rated by parents and adolescents. At age 16, executive function, reaction time variability (RTV), IQ and arousal to negative pictures were assessed. The results showed that, with control for disruptive behaviors, CU traits predicted lower RTV, higher IQ and lower arousal to negative pictures. With control for CU traits, disruptive behaviors predicted lower spatial working memory, lower interference control and higher RTV. Our findings are of theoretical and clinical relevance as they point to highly diverging cognitive and emotional profiles of CU traits and disruptive behaviors.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Rydell, Ann-Margret, et al.
(författare)
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Emotion regulation in relation to social functioning : An investigation of child self-reports
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Developmental Psychology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1740-5629 .- 1740-5610. ; 4:3, s. 293-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Relations between child self-reports of specific aspects of emotion regulation and specific aspects of social functioning in school were studied in two samples (N = 129/135) of 8- to 9-year-old children. The newly developed child self-report measure had significant relations to parent (Sample 1) and teacher (Sample 2) ratings of emotion regulation. In line with expectations (Rydell, Berlin, & Bohlin, 2003), poor regulation of anger and exuberance was associated with externalizing problems in both samples, poor regulation of fear had associations with social anxiety or internalizing problems in the two samples and poor regulation of sadness had marginal relations to internalizing problems in one sample. In both samples, good regulation of all emotions except fear was associated with prosocial behaviour. In Sample 1, several independent effects of child self-reports of emotion regulation on outcomes were demonstrated after controlling for parent reports of emotion regulation.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Rydell, Ann-Margret
(författare)
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Family factors and children's disruptive behaviour : An investigation of links between demographic characteristics, negative life events and symptoms of ODD and ADHD
- 2010
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Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 45:2, s. 233-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oppositional defiant disorder behaviours (ODD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms (ADHD) are common disruptive childhood problems and co-occur to a large extent. In this study, prime questions were the specificity of relations between demographic factors and negative life events, respectively, and ADHD and ODD symptoms, and the role of negative life events in the relations between demographic factors and ODD and ADHD symptoms. Concurrent relations between maternal education, family structure, ethnicity/immigrant background and symptoms of ADHD and ODD were investigated in a Swedish population sample of 1,200 10-year-old children (52% boys). Parents completed questionnaires containing information about demographic characteristics and negative life events and rated the child's ADHD and ODD symptoms using DSM-IV criteria. Low maternal education, single/step-parenthood and non-European descent were associated with higher numbers of ODD and ADHD symptoms. Regression analyses identified ethnicity as specifically associated with ODD symptoms and single/step-parenthood as specific to ADHD symptoms, while there was no specificity with regard to negative life events. Experiences of multiple negative life events were more common in families in non-optimal circumstances. Negative life events had mainly additive effects on the level of ODD and ADHD symptoms above effects of the demographic stressors and especially conflicts between adults around the child were related to high symptom levels. The few gender effects pointed to boys as being more vulnerable than girls to non-optimal family factors expressed in relations to ODD and ADHD symptoms. Even in an affluent and egalitarian society, children's life circumstances are related to their mental health. Further, there seems to be some specificity in the demographic risk factors associated with ODD and with ADHD symptoms, while negative life events act as general stressors.
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| 42. |
- Rydell, Ann-Margret, et al.
(författare)
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Hyperactivity, shyness and sex : Development and socio-emotional functioning
- 2009
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Ingår i: British Journal of Developmental Psychology. - 0261-510X .- 2044-835X. ; 27:3, s. 625-648
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on formulations about the possible consequences for adaptation of gender non-normative behaviour, we investigated predictive and concurrent relations of hyperactivity and shyness to various aspects of adaptation focusing on possible effects of sex. At ages 5-6, parents and preschool teachers rated hyperactivity and shyness for 151 children (50% boys). At age 9, we obtained teacher ratings of hyperactivity, internalizing and externalizing problems, self-ratings of trait anxiety, and peer nominations of shyness, social preference, and aggression. Several effects of sex were found. Hyperactivity ratings were more strongly related across time and raters for boys than for girls. In the predictive analyses, boys' hyperactivity was more strongly related to aggression than was girls' hyperactivity, and in concurrent analyses, girls' hyperactivity was more strongly associated with low social preference than was boys' hyperactivity. There was a protective effect of shyness with regard to aggression that applied only to boys, that is, at high hyperactivity levels, boys with high shyness levels were less aggressive than boys with low shyness levels. There were also main effects of hyperactivity and shyness. In predictive and concurrent analyses, hyperactivity was associated with low social preference, high levels of externalizing problems and with aggression, whereas shyness was associated with high levels of internalizing problems. Finally, there was an interactive effect of hyperactivity and shyness. In the concurrent analyses, an exacerbating effect was demonstrated insofar as high shyness was associated with low social preference at high, but not at low levels of hyperactivity. The different developmental risks of hyperactivity and shyness were discussed.
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| 43. |
- Rydell, Ann-Margret, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of two social competence aspects in middle childhood
- 1997
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Ingår i: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY. - : AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 0012-1649. ; 33:5, s. 824-833
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The psychometric properties of a rating measure for parents and teachers for social competence, conceptualized as social skills and behaviors, were studied. The faring measure was constructed from factor analyses an 4 samples of school-age children. Fact
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Rydell, Ann-Margret
(författare)
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Violent media exposure, aggression and CU traits in adolescence : Testing the selection and socialization hypotheses
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Adolescence. - : Wiley. - 0140-1971 .- 1095-9254. ; 52, s. 95-102
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the role of exposure to violent action for later aggression and for later callous-unemotional traits in a sample of Swedish adolescents (N = 77-85), testing the selection and socialization hypotheses. Adolescents reported on violent delinquency and on callous-unemotional (CU) traits at age 15, on their media habits at age 16 and on reactive and proactive aggression and CU traits at age 18. The socialization hypothesis was supported with regard to aggression, that is, violent delinquency did not affect consumption of violent action, but controlling for violent delinquency, consumption of violent action added to proactive aggression and, marginally, to reactive aggression. The selection hypothesis was supported with regard to CU traits, that is, high levels of CU traits predicted frequent consumption of violent action, but consumption of violent action did not affect later levels of CU traits. Frequent violent media use was associated with later aggression. The associations between CU traits and violent media need further study.
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| 49. |
- Salari, Raziye, et al.
(författare)
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Neuropsychological functioning and attachment representations in early school age as predictors of ADHD symptoms in late adolescence
- 2017
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Ingår i: Child Psychiatry and Human Development. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0009-398X .- 1573-3327. ; 48:3, s. 370-384
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to examine relations between parent and child attachment representations and neuropsychological functions at age 8, as well as relations between these constructs and ADHD symptoms over a 10-year period. A community-based sample of 105 children (52 boys) participated. Measures of attachment representations and a range of neuropsychological functions were collected at age 8. Parents rated emotion dysregulation and ADHD symptoms at age 8 and ADHD symptoms again at age 18. Significant, although modest, relations were found between disorganized attachment and some aspects of neuropsychological functioning in childhood. When studying outcomes in late adolescence and controlling for early ADHD symptom levels, spatial working memory and disorganized attachment remained significant in relation to both ADHD symptom domains, and one measure of inhibition remained significant for hyperactivity/impulsivity. When examining independent effects, spatial working memory and disorganized attachment were related to inattention, whereas spatial working memory and dysregulation of happiness/exuberance were related to hyperactivity/impulsivity. Our findings showing that disorganized attachment is longitudinally related to ADHD symptoms over and above the influence of both neuropsychological functioning and early ADHD symptom levels highlights the importance of including measures of attachment representations when trying to understand the development of ADHD symptoms. If replicated in more “at-risk” samples, these findings could also suggest that parent–child attachment should be taken into consideration when children are referred for assessment and treatment of ADHD.
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| 50. |
- Scholtens, Sara, 1979-
(författare)
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ADHD Symptoms : Objective Performance and Subject Perspective
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ADHD research has mainly focused on objective performance measures. Performance, however, is only one aspect of functioning. Other aspects of how individuals function are their personal experiences and their evaluations of those experiences. The aim of this thesis is to expand knowledge on the topic of ADHD by presenting studies that investigate objective performance and subject perspective, simultaneously. The empirical work presented here has a dimensional approach to ADHD, which is reflected in the use of samples selected to represent a wide variation in ADHD symptoms. Herein, both objective performance and subject perspective are conceptualized in various ways, to address unanswered questions and to question previous research.ADHD is related to underperformance within the academic realm and within the social realm. By introducing novel subject perspective measures, and including objective performance measures in new ways, a more nuanced understanding of these underperformance areas was gained. More specifically, we obtained an overview of the influence of ADHD symptoms in late childhood and adolescence in relation to academic performance by studying a longitudinal framework of concomitant factors. Furthermore, we disentangled the interplay of ADHD and ODD symptoms and cognitive performance in predicting social acceptance and the "positive illusory bias". Additionally, we questioned the link between disorganized attachment representations and ADHD symptoms by investigating the potential relationship between attachment representations and ADHD symptoms, whilst considering concurrent conduct problems, cognitive performance and narrative responses to non-attachment related story stems.Main results indicate that academic performance is influenced by ADHD symptoms and previous academic performance; adolescent self-perceptions of academic competence are negligible in this context. Moreover, ADHD symptoms in adolescence have a negative influence on views of the future, beyond academic performance and parental education. Further, results indicate that positive illusory bias relates more to ODD behaviors. Finally, results also indicate that children with high levels of ADHD symptoms could falsely appear to be disorganized due to a propensity to include negative content in narratives. In conclusion, when studied together, objective performance and subject perspective give new insight into ADHD. The findings presented motivate the simultaneous inclusion of different perspectives of functioning in ADHD research.
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