| 1. |
- Bergwall, Andreas, 1972-
(författare)
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Proof-related reasoning in upper secondary mathematics textbooks : Characteristics, comparisons, and conceptualizations
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Proofs and proving are difficult to learn and difficult to teach. A common problem is that many students use specific examples as evidence for general statements. Difficulties with proofs are also part of the transition problems that exist between secondary and tertiary schooling in mathematics. As mathematics teaching often follows a textbook, the design of textbooks has been pointed out as one possible cause of the problems, and international textbook research suggests that proofs often have only a marginal place in textbooks.This thesis focuses on proofs and proving in upper secondary mathematics textbooks. It also addresses theoretical and methodological questions about what marks an opportunity to develop proving competence, and which properties of such opportunities are relevant to investigate and characterize. The thesis is based on data from four Swedish and Finnish textbook series for upper secondary school, and focuses on sections on logarithms, primitive functions, definite integrals, and combinatorics. It examines how addressed mathematical principles are justified, and whether the textbooks’ exercises offer opportunities to develop proof-related skills such as formulating and investigating hypotheses, developing and evaluating arguments, identifying and correcting errors, and finding counterexamples.The results show that just over half of the mathematical principles addressed in the analyzed textbook material are justified, and that only half of the justifications are general proofs. Few exercises are proof-related (10%), and those that include reasoning about general cases even fewer. General proofs are more common in the Finnish books, but proof-related tasks are more common and of a more varied nature in the Swedish ones. The most common form of proofs are direct derivations of calculation formulas, while reasoning about existence and uniqueness is unusual, as are contrapositive proofs and proofs by contradiction.Based on the results, explicit suggestions are offered as to what teaching can pay more attention to. For the analysis and design of proof-related activities, a framework consisting of four main categories is proposed: develop a statement, investigate a statement, develop an argument, and investigate an argument. Several properties that such activities may have, regardless of which category they belong to, are discussed. Finally, three areas for future research are suggested: how worked examples can support students’ learning of proof, how textbooks can be designed to stimulate formulation as well as the formal proving of hypotheses, and mapping of differences regarding proof between upper secondary and university textbooks.
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| 2. |
- Brehmer, Daniel, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Catalysts for mathematics teachers’ learning from professional development programmes : a review of 64 journal articles in mathematics education
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In their review, Goldsmith, Doerr and Lewis (2014) note that research on professional development programmes (PDPs) for mathematics teachers mostly concerns whether a programme has affected the teachers’ practice or student learning, while the teachers’ learning is treated as a black box. In light of this, they call for a ‘… shared body of knowledge about the nature of teachers’ learning and the catalysts that support it’ (p. 25). In this article, we examine and map 64 articles from mathematics education journals with respect to prerequisites for learning. From this mapping, we identify and describe catalysts for teacher learning from PDPs for mathematics teachers. These learning catalysts are then used to characterize two different types PDPs, based on which learning catalysts are used in them. Typical of PDPs targeting increased teacher knowledge is that they: emphasize knowledge of content and teaching and knowledge of content and students; manage this content through cooperation; and promote insight and/or body of knowledge as catalysts for learning. Typical of PDPs targeting changed instruction is that they: emphasize knowledge of content and teaching as well as following strategies by doing/experimenting when establishing it in the classroom as a catalyst for learning. Conclusions and implications are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Brehmer, Daniel, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Facilities for Mathematics Teachers’ Learning from Professional Development Programmes : A Qualitative Systematic Review
- 2024
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Ingår i: Mathematics Teacher Education and Development. - 1442-3901. ; 26:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is indicated that research on professional development programmes (PDPs) for mathematics teachers mostly concerns whether a programme affects the teachers’ practice or student learning, while the teachers’ learning is treated as a black box. Calls have been made for a shared body of knowledge on teachers’ professional learning and what supports such learning. In this article, 84 articles from mathematics education journals are examined with respect to facilities and catalysts for teacher learning from PDPs for mathematics teachers. Two main types of PDPs were identified—those that target teacher knowledge growth and those that target changed instruction—and it was determined that the types of facilities for catalysing learning linked to them differ. Typical of PDPs targeting teacher knowledge growth is that they emphasise knowledge of content and teaching, knowledge of content and students and specialised content knowledge; following insight and/or body of knowledge as facilities for catalysing the learning. Typical of PDPs targeting changed instruction is that they use more time and have a larger time span than PDPs targeting teacher knowledge growth, emphasise knowledge of content and teaching; and follow strategies by doing/experimenting when establishing them in the classroom as facilities for catalysing the learning.
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| 4. |
- Brehmer, Daniel, 1973-
(författare)
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Support for mathematics teachers’ change : Examining catalysts for teacher learning and role of the teacher in professional development programmes
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When the perception changes regarding what mathematics students should be able to manage, this is typically addressed through a new national curriculum. To establish and implement this new curriculum in practice, teachers must be given the opportunity to change according to it. For such change, they need support in interpreting and implementing the new curriculum. Typically, there are two common ways to support teacher change: (1) developing and launching curriculum materials that correspond to the national curriculum; and (2) implementing professional development programmes (PDPs) that correspond to the new national curriculum. This thesis includes both aspects and aims to contribute to research on support for mathematics teachers’ change. This aim is operationalized by: (1) studying mathematics textbooks in which tasks and plausible teaching intentions are analysed; (2) studying teacher agency in collegial discussions in relation to the design of a PDP; and (3) mapping and describing catalysts for teacher learning from PDPs in research literature. These studies resulted in five papers, which are included in this thesis. The main results of the papers cover: the distribution of types of tasks in Swedish mathematics textbooks; the type of learning approach advocated in these textbooks; how different types of texts in PDPs relate to teacher agency in collegial discussions; and an identification and description of catalysts for teacher learning from PDPs for mathematics teachers. In the kappa1 of this thesis, these results are merged and discussed in relation to different models of teacher change. The focus in the kappa is on examining catalysts for teacher learning from such initiatives and the role of the teacher in PDPs. This examination suggests elaborations on parts of a conceptual framework for effective PDPs (Desimone, 2009). More precisely, the elaborations concern core critical features for effective PDPs, presented in this framework: Content Focus, Active Learning, Collective Participation, Duration, and Coherence. The main contributions of this thesis concern: a tool for analysing tasks in textbooks with respect to problem-solving tasks; an organizing frame for mapping learning catalysts from articles describing PDPs; a description of catalysts for teacher learning from PDPs as specifications of core critical features for effective PDPs; and the role of the teacher in PDPs as a catalyst for learning. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.___________________________1The Swedish term kappa will be used in this thesis in the absence of an equivalent English term for the introductory chapters of an aggregation dissertation
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| 5. |
- Brehmer, Daniel, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Towards an organizing frame for mapping teachers' learning in professional development
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nordic Research in Mathematics Education. - Göteborg. - 9789198402414 ; , s. 229-237
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In their claim that teachers’ learning is treated as a “black box” in research onprofessional development programs for mathematics teachers, Goldsmith, Doerr,& Lewis (2014) call for “an organizing framework that clearly distinguishesdimensions of teachers’ learning and identifies catalysts of teachers’ learning…”(p. 23). The aim of this study is to present initial efforts to construct a frameworkfor categorizing descriptions of activities designed to support teachers’ learningas presented in research articles within mathematics education. Based on existingliterature on professional development and examination of research articles, anorganizing frame is constructed.
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| 6. |
- Insulander, Eva, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Teacher agency in professional development programmes – A case study of professional development material and collegial discussion
- 2019
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Ingår i: Learning, Culture and Social Interaction. - : Elsevier BV. - 2210-6561 .- 2210-657X. ; 23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article offers insight into teacher agency in professional development programmes, focusing on a national policy initiative in Sweden aiming to provide in-depth professional development for mathematics teachers. Data was produced from video observations from two collegial discussions with one group of teachers, during the professional development programme. We closely analyse forms of agency in the collegial discussions in relation to the affordances of the professional development materials. The analysis shows a complex relationship between possibilities for independent judgement as constructed in curriculum materials, teachers' agency, and the coach's role in collegial discussions. Contrary to previous research, the findings indicate that opportunities for facilitating enactment in professional development materials do not necessarily lead to teacher agency. The results of the study are discussed in relation to the Swedish educational context.
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| 7. |
- Lindvall, Jannika, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Does the duration of professional development programs influence effects on instruction? : An analysis of 174 lessons during a national-scale program
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Teacher Education. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0261-9768 .- 1469-5928. ; , s. 1-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine the effects of a year-long national-scale professional development (PD) program on mathematics instructional quality. In contrast to previous studies examining the effects of this program on instruction by comparing before and after participation or parti-cipants and non-participants, we examine whether instructional quality changed during the program. More specifically, we conduct an analysis of 174 video-recorded mathematics lessons given by 52 teachers during their year of participation. Contrary to previous studies, the results demonstrate that the instructional quality did not improve over the course of the PD. We suggest that the explanations for the diverging results concern how, when, and to what extent instructional quality changes in PD programs. Specifically, we discuss how the explanations may illuminate the significance of PD duration for PD effects, and how these effects may be mediated by features concerning the PD content and the scale at which the program is implemented.
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| 8. |
- Brehmer, Daniel, 1973-
(författare)
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Problem solving in mathematics textbooks
- 2015
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study is to analyse how mathematical problem solving (MPS) is represented in mathematical textbooks for Swedish upper secondary school. The analysis comprises dominating Swedish textbook series, and relates to uncovering a) the quantity of tasks that are actually mathematical problems (MPs), b) their location in the chapter, c) their difficulty level, and d) their context. Based on an analysis of 5,722 tasks from the area of calculus, it is concluded that the textbooks themselves contain very few tasks that can be defined as MPs, and that those that are MPs are found at the end of a chapter at the most difficult level, and are presented in a pure mathematical context. Implications are discussed.
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| 9. |
- Brehmer, Daniel, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Problem solving in Swedish mathematics textbooks for upper secondary school
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0031-3831 .- 1470-1170. ; 60:6, s. 577-593
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to analyse how mathematical problem solving is represented in mathematical textbooks for Swedish upper secondary school. The analysis comprises dominating Swedish textbook series, and relates to uncovering (a) the quantity of tasks that are actually mathematical problems, (b) their location in the chapter, (c) their difficulty level, and (d) their context. Based on an analysis of 5,722 tasks from the area of calculus, it is concluded that the textbooks themselves contain very few tasks that can be defined as mathematical problems, and that those that are mathematical problems are found at the end of a chapter at the most difficult level, and are presented in a pure mathematical context. Implications are discussed.
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| 10. |
- Dahlén, Ewa
(författare)
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Rektorn och den dubbla styrningen : en studie om gymnasierektors uppdrag i styrkedjan
- 2023
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a global education policy context, school leadership has grown in importance in relation to improving school outcomes as well as equity in education. At the same time, during the last decades, the Swedish school system has undergone several large-scale national education reforms. Reforms that have changed the relations between the different levels in the decentralised Swedish school system and at the same time created debates about the purpose and goals of the school system. These debates are based in different perspectives and shaped by various school discourses. The result discourse connected to the perspective of marketization and the democratic discourse connected to the perspective of social inclusion and equality. These are two central discourses who proclaim different views on how challenges within the school system should best be solved. The purpose of this study is to contribute to knowledge about the mission and responsibilities of principals in upper secondary schools in the Swedish school system. The study takes its point of departure in observations of follow-up meetings between principals within upper secondary schools and the local education authority (LEA). This study has three theoretical contributions. The first contribution concerns knowledge of the principal’s mission, assignment, and work tasks. The second contribution is knowledge of how the result discourse and the democratic discourse are used in conversations about the principal’s mission, assignment, and work tasks. The third contribution is knowledge of the interaction between the principal and the LEA, different levels in the decentralised Swedish school system, in the context of follow-up meetings. The results show that LEAs describe the principal’s mission in three parts – economy, administration, and pedagogy. The two discourses are used in all three of the missions where they sometimes collide, creating a discursive conflict and sometimes co-exist without conflict. The results also show that the LEA and principals often have a common view of the purpose and goal of the school system, but there is seldom a common strategy for how these goals are to be achieved. This study contributes to an understanding how LEAs and political governance shape the role of the principals, but more studies are needed.
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| 11. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, et al.
(författare)
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Cultural Variation in the Effectiveness of Feedback on Students' Mistakes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the many things teachers do is to give feedback on their students' work. Feedback pointing out mistakes may be a key to learning, but it may also backfire. We hypothesized that feedback based on students' mistakes may have more positive effects in cultures where teachers have greater authority over students, which we assume to be cultures that are high on power distance and religiosity. To test this hypothesis we analyzed data from 49 countries taking part in the 2015 wave of the TIMSS assessment, in which students in the 4th and 8th grades were asked whether their teachers in mathematics and science told them how to do better when they had made a mistake. For each country we could then estimate the association between the reported use of mistake-based feedback and student achievement. Consistent with our hypothesis, the estimated effect of mistake-based feedback was positive only in certain countries, and these countries tended to be high on power distance and religiosity. These results highlight the importance of cultural values in educational practice.
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| 12. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Higher-achieving children are better at estimating the number of books at home: Evidence and implications
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The number of books at home is commonly used as a proxy for socioeconomic status in educational studies. While both parents' and students' reports of the number of books at home are relatively strong predictors of student achievement, they often disagree with each other. When interpreting findings of analyses that measure socioeconomic status using books at home, it is important to understand how findings may be biased by the imperfect reliability of the data. For example, it was recently suggested that especially low-achieving students tend to underestimate the number of books at home, so that use of such data would lead researchers to overestimate the association between books at home and achievement. Here we take a closer look at how students' and parents' reports of the number of books at home relate to literacy among fourth grade students, by analyzing data from more than 250,000 students in 47 countries participating in 2011 PIRLS. Contrary to prior claims, we find more downward bias in estimates of books at home among high-achieving students than among low-achieving students, but unsystematic errors appear to be larger among low-achieving students. This holds within almost every country. It also holds between countries, that is, errors in estimates of books at home are larger in low-achieving countries. This has implications for studies of the association between books at home and achievement: the strength of the association will generally be underestimated, and this problem is exacerbated in low-achieving countries and among low-achieving students.
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| 13. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic Status as a Multidimensional Predictor of Student Achievement in 77 Societies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Education. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2504-284X. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We reassess the relation between students' socioeconomic status (SES) and their achievement by treating SES as multidimensional instead of unidimensional. We use data from almost 600,000 students in 77 countries participating in the 2018 PISA assessment of student achievement in math, science, and reading. The composite measure of SES that PISA uses can be broken down into six component variables that we here use as simultaneous predictors of achievement. This analysis yields several new insights. First, in the typical society, two predictors (books at home and parents' highest occupational status) clearly outperform the rest. Second, a new composite measure based only on these two components often reveals substantially larger achievement gaps than those reported by PISA. Third, the analysis revealed remarkable differences between societies in the relation between achievement and wealth possessions. In most societies, the independent effect of wealth possessions on student achievement was zero or even slightly negative-but in the least developed societies it was strongly positive. These findings have implications for how SES achievement gaps should be measured and interpreted.
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| 14. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Using TIMSS items to evaluate the effectiveness of different instructional practices
- 2019
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Ingår i: Instructional Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0020-4277 .- 1573-1952. ; 47:1, s. 1-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Can instructional quality be measured using TIMSS items on how often certain instructional practices are used in the mathematics classroom? We focused on three instructional practices that have been the topics of longstanding debates in the educational literature: memorizing formulas, listening to the teacher, and relating mathematics to daily life. In a multi-level multiple regression analysis, we examined how class-level responses to these items predicted mathematics achievement. In Sweden, across four waves of TIMSS, relating to daily life was a negative predictor of achievement, whereas memorizing formulas and listening to the teacher were positive predictors. This was also the typical pattern of results across all countries participating in two waves of the international TIMSS. Our findings are in line with certain positions on the abovementioned debates. Although conclusions are limited by the correlational nature of the data, we argue that TIMSS is a promising tool for evaluating the effectiveness of different instructional practices. We also suggest several improvements.
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| 15. |
- Kaufmann, Odd Tore, et al.
(författare)
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Teachers’ Error-handling Practices Within and Across Lesson Phases in the Mathematics Classroom
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education. - : Springer. - 1571-0068 .- 1573-1774.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple studies have been conducted regarding teachers’ error-handling practices, and how errors can be treated as opportunities for learning, albeit in the context of whole-class discussions. The aim of the present research is to continue to investigate teachers’ error-handling practices as they occur in different phases of maths lessons: introduction of the task, when students are working alone, and when students are working in pairs and finally, as part of the whole-class discussion. The study included 51 lessons from twelve teachers. A cross-case analysis was made across the individual teacher cases to look for similarities and differences between different teachers’ error-handling practices across the lesson phases in order to create teaching profiles with similar handling of student errors across the lesson phases. Five error-handling teaching profiles were identified; correcting errors throughout all phases, correcting errors during students’ work while few errors are brought up in whole class, correcting errors during students’ work while using a variety of practices in whole class, ignoring errors while using some of them in whole class, and discussing and explaining errors.
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| 16. |
- Kaufmann, Odd Tore, et al.
(författare)
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Teachers’ framing of students’ difficulties in mathematics learning in collegial discussions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0031-3831 .- 1470-1170. ; 67:7, s. 1069-1085
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the diagnostic and prognostic framings of Swedishmathematics teachers regarding the difficulties experienced by studentsin mathematics learning. Collegial discussions among 65 mathematicsteachers in nine collegial groups were videotaped during a professionaldevelopment (PD) program entitled Boost for Mathematics for analysis.The results show that the diagnostic framings of the teachers weremainly attributed to the cognitive abilities of students, whereas theprognostic framings were mainly related to lesson organization suchthat students should collaborate. While the teachers emphasizecollaborate group work, they put little emphasis on how they could actin these learning situations. These results contribute to theunderstanding of Swedish mathematics teachers’ framing of students’difficulties in mathematics learning and to the role of collegialdiscussions in PD initiatives.
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| 17. |
- Kirsten, Nils, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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How effective is the professional development in which teachers typically participate? Quasi-experimental analyses of effects on student achievement based on TIMSS 2003-2019
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Teaching and Teacher Education. - : Elsevier. - 0742-051X .- 1879-2480. ; 132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the effect of teachers' participation in mathematics and science professional development (PD) on student achievement in nationally representative settings. We use data from all OECD countries in the 2003 through 2019 cycles of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and apply student fixed effects to control for unobserved student characteristics and school quality. We find a small negative average effect of PD participation, with negative effects concentrated among high-performing students. We discuss potential explanations of these results and suggest ways PD studies may inform the PD in which teachers typically participate. & COPY; 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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| 18. |
- Koljonen, Tuula, et al.
(författare)
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Analysing the nature of potentially constructed mathematics classrooms in Finnish teacher guides–the case of Finland
- 2018
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Ingår i: Research in Mathematics Education. - : Routledge. - 1479-4802 .- 1754-0178. ; 20:3, s. 295-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given that curriculum materials serve as cultural artefacts, this study addresses the need for more research on curriculum materials in different contexts. Most studies concerning curriculum materials have been conducted in US and, therefore little is known about the nature of materials in other cultural-educational contexts. The aim of this paper is to identify the underlying cultural norms of potentially constructed classrooms, by analysing recurrent activities in the most commonly used Finnish teacher guides at primary-school level. We identified three norms embedded in them: (1) creating opportunities for learning through a variety of activities and communication; (2) keeping the class gathered around a specific mathematical topic; and (3) concurrent active involvement of teachers and students. The results add to knowledge about both teacher guides and the Finnish educational context. Moreover, it adds to the growing body of methodologies, as our analytical approach is novel in the context of textual analysis.
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| 19. |
- Larsson, Maria, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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EFFECTIVE TEACHING THROUGH PROBLEM-SOLVING BY SEQUENCING AND CONNECTING STUDENT SOLUTIONS
- 2011
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Ingår i: <em>Proceedings of NORMA11: The sixth Nordic conference on mathematics education in Reykjavik, May 11-14 2011 </em>. - Reykjavik : University of Iceland Press. - 9789979549659 ; , s. 425-434
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- How can researchers support teachers in the complexity of orchestrating productive mathematical whole-class discussions based on students’ solutions to challenging problems? This study has two aims: Firstly, to study how the teacher can select, sequence and connect different student solutions in order to effectively orchestrate mathematical whole-class discussions. Secondly, to critically reflect on the role of the researchers in this intervention project. Analyses of audio recorded interviews and video recorded whole-class discussions result in suggestions for how student solutions can be sequenced in this particular case to set the scene for connecting them with each other and with key mathematical ideas. We further critically reflect on how we as researchers can improve our work in supporting practicing teachers.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Lindvall, Jannika, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Coherence and the Positioning of Teachers in Professional Development Programs : A Systematic Review
- 2019
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Ingår i: Educational Research Review. - : Elsevier BV. - 1747-938X. ; 27, s. 140-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lately, scholars have argued that there is a consensus on a number of critical features of effective teacher professional development (PD). This study presents the results of a systematic review of one of these features: coherence. The analysis and synthesis of 95 papers show that coherence in PD is conceptualized in various ways, and thus that the aforementioned consensus can be questioned. For example, should PD (1) be coherent with external factors, such as standards and assessments; (2) be internally coherent, for example that activities within PD programs should be aligned; or (3) create coherence between goals that are either predetermined or negotiated together with teachers? The different conceptualizations of coherence all implicate how teachers are positioned in relation to PD programs and, in the light of our results, we argue that teachers are primarily seen as implementers expected to align their instruction with external and predetermined goals and practices.
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| 22. |
- Lindvall, Jannika, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Impact and Design of a National-scale Professional Development Program for Mathematics Teachers
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0031-3831 .- 1470-1170. ; 66:5, s. 744-759
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By examining the effects of a national-scale teacher professional development (PD) program on instructional practices and student mathematics achievement, we contribute to calls for empirical studies investigating the impacts of such programs conducted at scale. The program corresponds well with core critical features of high-quality teacher PD and mathematics instruction identified in the literature, and the results indicate that it has had a small but statistical significant impact on teachers' instructional practices. However, no effect was found for student achievement. These results raise questions as to the importance of the critical features and how programs incorporating all of them affect instructional practices and student achievement.
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| 23. |
- Matta, Corrado, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Automatized visualization methods for the qualitative analysis of teachers' collegial discussions
- 2022
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Ingår i: New Trends in Qualitative Research (NTQR). - : Ludomedia. - 2184-7770. ; 11:-, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we discuss a set of procedures for the visualization of conversation data, based on machine learning and text mining algorithms. The methodological function of these visualization methods is to support (rather than substitute) humanistic and interpretive qualitative data analysis. The context of our methodological discussion is the study of teachers’ learning communities. Enabling collegial learning among teachers has been argued to play a pivotal role in both teachers’ professional development and students’ learning. The problem is that the interpretive study of collegial discussions among teachers, which are typically considered a fruitful context for the study of teachers' collegial learning, is both time-consuming and cognitively demanding. Several scholars have discussed the potential of including machine learning and text mining in the toolbox of qualitative data analysis as a way to analyze large qualitative data sets and solve the time demand problem. However, the literature discussing the use of machine learning and text mining for qualitative research typically conceives the algorithms as substitutes for the work of the researcher. These automatized approaches are introduced to categorize the data, substituting the researcher in the analysis process. In contrast, we discuss the potential rewards of using automatized methods to support the analysis of teachers’ collegial discussions. We introduce a set of visualization procedures based on semi-supervised topic modeling and supervised classification algorithms and discuss how these visualizations can provide additional elements useful for the analysis of collegial discussions. Whereas these visualizations do not substitute interpretive analysis, we argue that they can support researchers’ interpretations by reducing data, identifying patterns of interactions, and possibly, visualizing group-level learning.
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| 24. |
- Matta, Corrado, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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The Mechanistic Rewards of Data and Theory Integration for Theory-Based Evaluation
- 2024
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Ingår i: American Journal of Evaluation. - : Sage Publications. - 1098-2140 .- 1557-0878. ; 45:1, s. 110-132
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we discuss the methodological implications of data and theory integration for Theory-Based Evaluation (TBE). TBE is a family of approaches to program evaluation that use program theories as instruments to answer questions about whether, how, and why a program works. Some of the groundwork about TBE has expressed the idea that a proper program theory should specify the intervening mechanisms underlying the program outcome. In the present article, we discuss in what way data and theory integration can help evaluators in constructing and refining mechanistic program theories. The paper argues that a mechanism is both a network of entities and activities and a network of counterfactual relations. Furthermore, we argue that although data integration typically provides information about different parts of a program, it is the integration of theory that provides the most important mechanistic insights.
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| 25. |
- Nilsson, Per, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Characterizing theories aimed at supporting teachers' mathematical classroom practices
- 2017
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH CONGRESS OF THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH IN MATHEMATICS EDUCATION (CERME10). - : DUBLIN CITY UNIV GLASNEVIN CAMPUS, INST EDUCATION. ; , s. 3865-3872
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we draw upon examples from a recently published systematic literature review (Ryve et al., 2015) on productive classroom practice to contribute to the research on the nature of theories for action in mathematics education. By relating the results from the review to theories and literature on educational policy research, professional development research and implementation research we construct a framework for categorizing theories aiming at supporting teachers' actions in mathematical classroom practices.
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| 26. |
- Nilsson, Per, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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The nature and role of common ground in the learning of mathematics in small-group discussions
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0031-3831 .- 1470-1170. ; 58:5, s. 609-623
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the nature and role of common ground in group learning of mathematics by means of the analytical construct of focal projects and contextualization. The analysis investigates two students (12-13 years old) playing a dice game, where they are to distribute a set of markers based on the totals of two dice. The analysis shows how the consistency between the students’ focal projects became critical to their progression from a uniform to a non-uniform distribution of the markers. The task system and concrete manipulatives became crucial in furthering the students’ explorations. In the frame of a frequency context, we also discuss how a contextualization may restrict certain aspects of probability from coming into play during such explorations.
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| 27. |
- Ryve, Andreas, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Analyzing content and participation in classroom discourse : dimensions of variation, mediating tools, and conceptual accountability
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0031-3831 .- 1470-1170. ; 57:1, s. 101-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Balancing content and students’ participation in the mathematics classroom is an area of both practical and theoretical interest. In this article we relate and contribute to these two interests by analyzing classroom data from an intervention project aiming at teaching mathematics through problem solving. The study shows that several aspects such as mediating tools, the teacher’s conceptual accountability and interactional moves play important roles in the nature of the co-construction of critical dimensions of variation. We therefore suggest that an analysis of content and participation in the mathematics classroom would benefit from drawing on several theoretical sources. As such, the study could be seen as a contribution to recent elaborations on developing variation theory for analyzing the enacted object of learning.
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| 28. |
- Ryve, Andreas, 1973-
(författare)
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Analyzing mathematical classroom discourse : Initiating elaborations on the usefulness of the dialogical approach
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nomad. - 1104-2176. ; 13:3, s. 7-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dialogical approach has been introduced for studying mathematical classroom discourse in a growing body of studies conducted by researchers from the Nordic countries. However, since it is developed for analyzing human action, communication, and cognition in general, it is important to explicitly discuss how it could be developed and complemented for serving the purposes of mathematics education research. In this article I initiate such a discussion by drawing on theoretical analysis as well as my own experiences of using the dialogical approach. By relating it to a framework of criteria for research in mathematics education it is shown that the dialogical approach could be a useful tool for fulfilling several aspects of relevance for mathematics education research. The article concludes by suggesting further aspects that need to be discussed and elaborated on in the project of making it even more useful for understanding mathematical teaching and learning.
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| 29. |
- Ryve, Andreas, 1973-
(författare)
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Approaching Mathematical Discourse : Two analytical frameworks and their relation to problem solving interactions
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The driving force of conducting the two studies presented in this thesis is to examine ways that conceptual understanding and problem solving could be part of mathematics teaching, and through that, part of students' mathematical knowledge. The specific aims of the thesis are: 1) to characterize the classroom discourse of two, apparently similar, problem solving courses in teacher education and 2) to discuss the possibilities of developing two analytical approaches - the communicational approach to cognition and the dialogical approach - used for studying mathematical discourse. The two aims are elaborated on by means of data collected through audiotaped recordings and field notes from observations of problem-solving activities in engineering and teacher education. In relation to the first aim, the analysis of the classroom discourse within the two courses makes it clear that both courses displayed different kinds of discourse that could be broadly categorized in terms of: subject-oriented, didactically oriented, and problem solving oriented discourses. However, the comparisons between the two courses reveal a marked difference in the distribution of these categories of discourse. It is suggested that the introduction of explicit conceptual frameworks in teaching is of crucial importance for the topical focus of the classroom discourse, and for prospective teachers' opportunity to engage in mathematical productive discourse. The analyses of the two approaches for studying mathematical discourse reveal that the two frameworks can be further developed and the study also indicates ways in which such development can be achieved using a theory of contextualization and theories of mathematical learning. Finally, the thesis discusses theoretical and practical implications of the results, foregrounding issues of importance for the research on mathematical discourse, and for teachers and teacher educators involved in designing instructions for mathematical problem solving.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Ryve, Andreas, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Educational policy to improve mathematics instruction at scale : Conceptualizing contextual factors
- 2019
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Ingår i: Educational Studies in Mathematics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0013-1954 .- 1573-0816. ; 102:3, s. 379-394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Theories for conceptualizing educational policies aimed at improving classroom instruction at scale are under development in the educational sciences. In using such theories, it is essential to note the specific educational context. In this article, we conceptualize the role of contextual factors when operationalizing Cobb and Jackson (2012)[Journal of the Learning Sciences] in the Swedish context. Drawing on data and results from a large-scale project carried out during 2012–2017, studies of Swedish educational contexts, and international research, we conceptualize contextual factors for large-scale projects. Besides rather obvious explicit contextual factors such as ongoing policies and practices, we elaborate on how the underlying, more implicit contextual factors of (1) the positioning of teachers within the educational system, (2) the positioning of teachers within the classroom, and (3) traditions of visible and invisible pedagogy affected the establishment of policy in the Swedish context. Insight into these factors deepens earlier frameworks of context, and helps not only to operationalize of the policy within the context but also in making explicit hidden features of a cultural context that are important to influence if the aim of the educational policy is to reorganize school practices.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Sjölund, Simon, 1989-
(författare)
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Conceptualising the boundary infrastructure of research-practice partnerships
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overarching aim of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of research-practice partnerships (RPPs). Specifically, focus is on the infrastructure that is set in place to facilitate organisational learning. It has been argued that RPPs are particularly promising in addressing the research-practice gap and achieving educational improvement. However, there are several challenges in structuring RPPs. Hence, there is a need for more knowledge concerning how this can be done. To respond to this call and address the aim of the thesis, I explore the dynamics of engaging in RPPs in two major ways. Firstly, I investigate a large-scale Swedish RPP with over 300 participants across three universities, eight municipalities and one private school authority. This provides an opportunity to address calls for research that is conducted from an external position by collecting video-recorded observations. Secondly, the thesis includes data from two systematic literature reviews mapping the field in relation to participant roles and research use. These reviews provide information on RPPs from an increasing amount of research describing the dynamics of RPPs which facilitates conclusions on the synthesised material. The result of this thesis maps the intricacy of RPP dynamics. These frameworks respectively map the intricacies of (1) boundaries, (2) discourses and positioning of actors, (3) roles and (4) research use as related to RPPs. These results are then used to extend our understanding of RPPs by contributing to an RPP framework proposed by Farrell et al. (2022). In summary, this thesis contributes (1) useful frameworks for reflecting on RPP structures and work and (2) extensive categorisations of different dimensions of RPPs, extending our understanding.
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| 34. |
- Sjölund, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping roles in research-practice partnerships – a systematic literature review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Educational review (Birmingham). - : Informa UK Limited. - 0013-1911 .- 1465-3397.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is an increasing movement in education towards closer collaboration between researchers and practitioners and research-practice partnerships (RPPs) are seen as one promising approach. However, some challenges still exist. To work in a new collaborative context such as RPPs, researchers and practitioners must adjust their roles in relation to each other. To better inform this movement, we conducted a systematic literature review of 80 articles investigating what roles researchers and practitioners are described to assume in RPPs. The results demonstrate eight different roles for researchers and practitioners, respectively, which reflect variations in both the main processes and tasks for school improvement in RPPs, as well as how these tasks are divided between the participants. Further, based on how tasks are distributed, the different roles provide varying opportunities to pursue a democratisation of evidence.
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| 35. |
- Sjölund, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Using research to inform practice through research‐practice partnerships : A systematic literature review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Review of Education. - Hoboken : Wiley. - 2049-6613. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research‐practice partnerships (RPPs) have drawn a great deal of attention as promising structures for bringing educational research and practice closer together. However, promising as RPPs may be, challenges still exist and there have been calls for studies investigating how research can be used within RPPs, and how to include practitioners more in the generation of research evidence. We address these calls by conducting a systematic review of the research literature on RPPs. Our review of 57 articles shows that research is used in various ways to inform both the methods and content for facilitating school improvement in RPPs. For instance, research on effective PD can be directly applied to a Professional Development (PD) programme to inform the methods of the intervention, or research findings can be used as the content of an intervention to facilitate teacher learning. Moreover, the results suggest that the type of research used to inform RPPs affects the kinds of opportunities for research use that are presented to practitioners; ranging from applying research directly to practice (instrumental use), to using research to extend understanding (conceptual use), or using research methods and methodologies in order to increase practitioners’ capacity for improving education (process use). Based on the results, we argue that the presented opportunities for research use in interventions strongly affect teachers’ opportunities to participate in the generation of research evidence and thereby achieve a more democratised evidence system.
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| 36. |
- Van Steenbrugge, Hendrik, et al.
(författare)
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Curriculum support for teachers' negotiation of meaning : a collective perspective
- 2018
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Ingår i: Research on Mathematics Textbooks and Teachers’ Resources. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319732527 - 9783319732534 ; , s. 167-191
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acknowledging the central role of teachers in curriculum implementation, a growing body of research has analyzed how curriculum resources can support teachers to learn using these resources well. This has been done mainly with a focus on individual teachers’ learning. Teachers’ daily work encompasses many collaborative aspects around curriculum resources as well, an area too often overlooked. We address this issue by describing and discussing our initial steps in developing an approach to analyze curriculum resources from this collective perspective. The approach combines a social semiotic framework to analyze the meaning potential of curriculum resources and the communities of practice framework to analyze a group of teachers’ negotiation of meaning around these resources.
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| 37. |
- Van Steenbrugge, Hendrik, et al.
(författare)
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Developing a reform mathematics curriculum program in Sweden : relating international research and the local context
- 2018
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Ingår i: ZDM - the International Journal on Mathematics Education. - : Springer Verlag. - 1863-9690 .- 1863-9704. ; 50:5, s. 801-812
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on a research-based mathematics curriculum program development project in Sweden, whose educational context is currently characterized by multiple reform initiatives. Current reforms include a repositioning of the teacher as central for students’ learning, but also a trend toward initiatives and teacher resources that are more directive than has been the case in the past 30 years. Collecting data from multiple sources, such as teacher log books, lesson observations and feedback meetings, we build on input from 11 elementary school teachers trying out our materials, including student texts and a teachers’ guide, during four trial rounds. We analyze how international research about curriculum programs and teachers’ use of these programs are interpreted and operationalized within the Swedish context. In particular, the two research questions guiding the study are: (1) “How do Swedish teachers interact with and reason about the reform-based classroom practices promoted by the curriculum program?” and (2) “How do Swedish teachers interact with and reason about their use of a teachers’ guide?” From our experiences in the Swedish educational context, we suggest the following contextual aspects to take into account when designing a curriculum program whose design is grounded in international research literature: characteristics of current classroom practices, teachers’ role in classrooms, the level of explicit/implicit support teachers are used to receiving, and teachers’ experiences using a teachers’ guide.
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| 38. |
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