| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Huang, Hongyun, et al.
(författare)
-
Clinical Cell Therapy Guidelines for Neurorestoration (IANR/CANR 2017)
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Cell Transplantation. - : SAGE Publications. - 0963-6897 .- 1555-3892. ; 27:2, s. 310-324
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cell therapy has been shown to be a key clinical therapeutic option for central nervous system diseases or damage. Standardization of clinical cell therapy procedures is an important task for professional associations devoted to cell therapy. The Chinese Branch of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) completed the first set of guidelines governing the clinical application of neurorestoration in 2011. The IANR and the Chinese Association of Neurorestoratology (CANR) collaborated to propose the current version "Clinical Cell Therapy Guidelines for Neurorestoration (IANR/CANR 2017)". The IANR council board members and CANR committee members approved this proposal on September 1, 2016, and recommend it to clinical practitioners of cellular therapy. These guidelines include items of cell type nomenclature, cell quality control, minimal suggested cell doses, patient-informed consent, indications for undergoing cell therapy, contraindications for undergoing cell therapy, documentation of procedure and therapy, safety evaluation, efficacy evaluation, policy of repeated treatments, do not charge patients for unproven therapies, basic principles of cell therapy, and publishing responsibility.
|
|
| 4. |
- Huang, Hongyun, et al.
(författare)
-
Clinical Neurorestorative Therapeutic Guidelines for Spinal Cord Injury (IANR/CANR version 2019)
- 2020
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRANSLATION. - : ELSEVIER. - 2214-031X. ; 20, s. 14-24
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Functional restoration after spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most challenging tasks in neurological clinical practice. With a view to exploring effective neurorestorative methods in the acute, subacute, and chronic phases of SCI, "Clinical Therapeutic Guidelines of Neurorestoration for Spinal Cord Injury (China Version 2016)" was first proposed in 2016 by the Chinese Association of Neurorestoratology (CANR). Given the rapid advances in this field in recent years, the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) and CANR formed and approved the "Clinical Neurorestorative Therapeutic Guidelines for Spinal Cord Injury (IANR/CANR version 2019)". These guidelines mainly introduce restoring damaged neurological structure and functions by varying neurorestorative strategies in acute, subacute, and chronic phases of SCI. These guidelines can provide a neurorestorative therapeutic standard or reference for clinicians and researchers in clinical practice to maximally restore functions of patients with SCI and improve their quality of life. The translational potential of this article: This guideline provided comprehensive management strategies for SCI, which contains the evaluation and diagnosis, pre-hospital first aid, treatments, rehabilitation training, and complications management. Nowadays, amounts of neurorestorative strategies have been demonstrated to be benefit in promoting the functional recovery and improving the quality of life for SCI patients by clinical trials. Also, the positive results of preclinical research provided lots of new neurorestorative strategies for SCI treatment. These promising neurorestorative strategies are worthy of translation in the future and can promote the advancement of SCI treatments.
|
|
| 5. |
- Huang, Hongyun, et al.
(författare)
-
Consensus of Clinical Neurorestorative Progress in Patients With Complete Chronic Spinal Cord Injury
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Cell Transplantation. - 0963-6897 .- 1555-3892. ; 23:S1, s. S5-S17
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Currently, there is a lack of effective therapeutic methods to restore neurological function for chronic complete spinal cord injury (SCI) by conventional treatment. Neurorestorative strategies with positive preclinical results have been translated to the clinic, and some patients have gotten benefits and their quality of life has improved. These strategies include cell therapy, neurostimulation or neuromodulation, neuroprosthesis, neurotization or nerve bridging, and neurorehabilitation. The aim of this consensus by 31 experts from 20 countries is to show the objective evidence of clinical neurorestoration for chronic complete SCI by the mentioned neurorestorative strategies. Complete chronic SCI patients are no longer told, "nothing can be done." The clinical translation of more effective preclinical neurorestorative strategies should be encouraged as fast as possible in order to benefit patients with incurable CNS diseases. This manuscript is published as part of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) special issue of Cell Transplantation.
|
|
| 6. |
- Huang, Hongyun, et al.
(författare)
-
The 2022 yearbook of neurorestoratology
- 2023
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF NEURORESTORATOLOGY. - : Tsinghua University Press. - 2324-2426. ; 11:2
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- There was much progress in the field of Neurorestoratology in the year of 2022. It included highlighting advances in understanding the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, neurorestorative mechanisms, and clinical treatments as compiled in the 2022 yearbook of Neurorestoratology. There is still controversy about whether amyloid b-protein and tau protein deposition are the reasons for or the results of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. The fabricated images in important key articles that speculated on the reasons for AD pathogenesis were found. Cholinergic deficiency and decrease or loss in strength of glutamatergic synapse, limited or failing bidirectional cholinergic upregulation in early cognitive impairment, or progressive posterior-to-anterior cortical cholinergic denervation could result in the appearance of AD. Exploration of neurorestorative mechanisms were found in more detail ways in neuromodulation, immunomodulation, neurogenesis, neural network or circuitry reconstruction, neuroprotection, nervous structural repair, and neuroplasticity. Several kinds of cell therapies for neurological diseases showed neurorestorative effects in open-label and/or non-randomized clinical studies or trials. However, mesenchymal stromal cells and mononuclear cells did not demonstrate neurorestorative effects or improve the quality of life for patients with neurodegenerative diseases or neurotrauma including stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials (RDPCTs). Clinical treatments through neurostimulation/neuromodulati on and the brain-computer/ machine interface yielded positive results in AD, Parkinson's disease, stroke, SCI, cerebral palsy, and other diseases in RDPCTs. Neurorestorative surgery, pharmaceutical neurorestorative therapy and other interventions have demonstrated neurorestorative effects for various considered incurable neurological diseases in RDPCTs. Thus, this year, additional guidelines, assessment scales, and standards were set up or revised. These included guidelines of clinical neurorestorative treatments for brain trauma (2022 China version), clinical cell therapy guidelines for neurorestoration (IANR/CANR 2022), SCI or dysfunction quality of life rating scale (SCIDQLRS) (IANR 2022 version). Neurorestorative effects of varying therapeutic stra-tegies with higher standards of evidence-based medicine are now benefiting patients with currently incurable neurological diseases. Hopefully some of them may become routine therapeutic interventions for patients with these diseases in the near future.
|
|
| 7. |
- Sharma, Amit Kumar, et al.
(författare)
-
Environment-Friendly Biodiesel/Diesel Blends for Improving the Exhaust Emission and Engine Performance to Reduce the Pollutants Emitted from Transportation Fleets
- 2020
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biodiesel derived from biomass is a renewable source of fuel, and global application of biodiesel in the transport sector has rapidly expanded over the last decade. However, effort has been made to overcome its main shortcoming, i.e., efficiency and exhaust emission characteristics (NOx emissions) in unmodified diesel engines. Biodiesel combustion generally results in lower unburned hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM) in exhaust emissions compared to fossil diesel. In this study, various biodiesel blends (Chlorella vulgaris, Jatropha curcus, and Calophyllum inophyllum) were investigated for fuel characteristics, and engine performance with exhaust emission compared to diesel. Chlorella vulgaris, Jatropha curcus, and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel were synthesized by the acid–base transesterification approach in a microwave reactor and blended with conventional diesel fuel by volume. The fuel blends were denoted as MB10 (90% diesel + 10% microalgae biodiesel), MB20 (80% diesel + 20% microalgae biodiesel), JB10 (90% diesel + 10% jatropha biodiesel), JB20 (80% diesel + 20% jatropha biodiesel), PB10 (90% diesel + 10% polanga biodiesel) and PB20 (80% diesel + 20% polanga biodiesel). Experiments were performed using these fuel blends with a single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine at different loads. It was shown in the results that, at rated load, thermal efficiency of the engine decreased from 34.6% with diesel to 34.1%, 33.7%, 34.1%, 34.0%, 33.9%, and 33.5% with MB10, MB20, JB10, JB20, PB10, and PB20 fuels, respectively. Unburned hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and smoke emissions improved with third-generation fuels (MB10, MB20) in comparison to base diesel fuel and second-generation fuels (JB10, JB20, PB10 and PB20). Oxides of nitrogen emissions were slightly increased with both the third- and second-generation fuels as compared to the base diesel. The combustion behavior of microalgae biodiesel was also very close to diesel fuels. In the context of comparable engine performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics, along with biofuel production yield (per year per acre), microalgae biodiesel could have a great potential as a next-generation sustainable fuel in compression engine (CI) engines compared to jatropha and polanga biodiesel fuels.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Arora, Neha, et al.
(författare)
-
NMR-Based Metabolomic Approach To Elucidate the Differential Cellular Responses during Mitigation of Arsenic(III, V) in a Green Microalga
- 2018
-
Ingår i: ACS Omega. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2470-1343. ; 3:9, s. 11847-11856
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic approach is a high-throughput fingerprinting technique that allows a rapid snapshot of metabolites without any prior knowledge of the organism. To demonstrate the applicability of NMR-based metabolomics in the field of microalgal-based bioremediation, novel freshwater microalga Scenedesmus sp. IITRIND2 that showed hypertolerance to As(III, V) was chosen for evaluating the metabolic perturbations during arsenic stress in both its oxidation states As(III) and As(V). Using NMR spectroscopy, we were able to identify and quantify an array of ∼45 metabolites, including amino acids, sugars, organic acids, phosphagens, osmolytes, nucleotides, etc. The NMR metabolomic experiments were complemented with various biophysical techniques to establish that the microalga tolerated the arsenic stress using a complex interplay of metabolites. The two different arsenic states distinctly influenced the microalgal cellular mechanisms due to their altered physicochemical properties. Eighteen differentially identified metabolites related to bioremediation of arsenic were then correlated to the major metabolic pathways to delineate the variable stress responses of microalga in the presence of As(III, V).
|
|
| 10. |
- Ghodke, Praveen Kumar, et al.
(författare)
-
Experimental Investigation on Pyrolysis of Domestic Plastic Wastes for Fuel Grade Hydrocarbons
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Processes. - : MDPI. - 2227-9717. ; 11:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plastics usage is rising daily because of increased population, modernization, and industrialization, which produces a lot of plastic garbage. Due to their various chemical structures, long chain polymeric compositions, and thermal/decomposition behavior, it is challenging to recycle these plastic wastes into hydrocarbon fuels. In the current work, domestic plastic waste was pyrolyzed at 473 to 973 K in a fixed bed reactor and compared with the three virgin plastics LDPE (low-density polyethylene), HDPE (high-density polyethylene), and PP (polypropylene), as well as a mixture of the three (virgin mixed plastics). The pyrolysis results showed that maximum liquid hydrocarbons obtained from HDPE, LDPE, PP, mixed plastic, and domestic waste were 64.6 wt.%, 62.2 wt.%, 63.1 wt.%, 68.6 wt.%, and 64.6 wt.% at 773 K, respectively. The composition of liquid fuels was characterized using FTIR and GC-MS, which showed a wide spectrum of hydrocarbons in the C8–C20 range. Furthermore, liquid fuel characteristics such as density, viscosity, fire and flash point, pour point, and calorific value were examined using ASTM standards, and the results were found to be satisfactory. This study provides an innovative method for recycling waste plastics into economical hydrocarbon fuel for use in transportation.
|
|
| 11. |
- Ghodke, Praveen Kumar, et al.
(författare)
-
Pyrolysis of sewage sludge for sustainable biofuels and value-added biochar production
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 298
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study deals with the pyrolysis of sewage sludge to produce eco-friendly and sustainable fuels along with value-added biochar products. The experiments were conducted in a fixed-bed cylindrical glass reactor in the temperature range of 250–700 °C and achieved the product yield of 22.4 wt% bio-oil, 18.9 wt % pyrolysis gases, and 58.7 wt% biochar at 500 °C optimum temperature. The chemical composition of bio-oil was investigated by gas chromatograph-mass spectroscopy and fourier transformation infrared techniques. The ASTM standard procedures were used to assess the fuel qualities of bio-oil, and they were found to be satisfactory. Bio-oil has a greater H/C ratio (3.49) and a lower O/C ratio (1.10), indicating that it is suitable for engine use. The gas chromatographic analysis of pyrolysis gases confirmed the presence of 41.16 wt % combustible gases, making it suitable for use in spark-ignition engines. X-ray fluorescence analysis of biochar showed that it had a good amount of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium along with some micro-and macro-nutrient which proves its potential to utilize as organic manure in the agriculture sector. In addition, the data obtained from the TGA analysis during the pyrolysis of sewage sludge was applied to calculate kinetic parameters via the Coats-Redfern method.
|
|
| 12. |
- Havilah, Pulla Rose, et al.
(författare)
-
Biomass Gasification in Downdraft Gasifiers: A Technical Review on Production, Up-Gradation and Application of Synthesis Gas
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 15:11
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rapid climate change and forecasted damage from fossil fuel combustion, forced researchers to investigate renewable and clean energy sources for the sustainable development of societies throughout the world. Biomass-based energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources for meeting daily energy needs, which are gaining in popularity daily. Gasification-based bioenergy production is an effective way to replace fossil fuels and reduce CO2 emissions. Even though biomass gasification has been studied extensively, there is still much opportunity for improvement in terms of high-quality syngas generation (high H2/CO ratio) and reduced tar formation. Furthermore, the presence of tar has a considerable impact on syngas quality. Downdraft gasifiers have recently shown a significant potential for producing high-quality syngas with lower tar concentrations. This article presents a comprehensive review on the advancement in biomass downdraft gasification technologies for high-quality synthesis gas. In addition, factors affecting syngas production and composition e.g., equivalency ratio, temperature, particle size, and gasification medium on synthesis gas generation are also comprehensively studied. The up-gradation and various applications of synthesis gas are also discussed in brief in this review article.
|
|
| 13. |
- Pal, Shashank, et al.
(författare)
-
Recent Advances in Catalytic Pyrolysis of Municipal Plastic Waste for the Production of Hydrocarbon Fuels
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Processes. - : MDPI. - 2227-9717. ; 10:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Currently, the resources of fossil fuels, such as crude oil, natural gas, and coal, are depleting day by day due to increasing energy demands. Nowadays, plastic items have witnessed a substantial surge in manufacturing due to their wide range of applications and low cost. Therefore, the amount of plastic waste is increasing rapidly. Hence, the proper management of plastic wastes for sustainable technologies is the need of the hour. Chemical recycling technologies based on pyrolysis are emerging as the best waste management approaches due to their robustness and better economics. However, research on converting plastic waste into fuels and other value-added goods has yet to be undertaken, and more R&D is required to make waste-plastic-based fuels economically viable. In this review article, the current status of the plastic waste pyrolysis process is discussed in detail. Processcontrolling parameters such as temperature, pressure, residence time, reactor type, and catalyst dose are also investigated in this review paper. In addition, the application of reaction products is also described in brief. For example, plasto-oil obtained by catalytic pyrolysis may be utilized in various sectors, e.g., transportation, industrial boilers, and power generation. On the other hand, byproducts, such as solid residue (plasto-char), could be used as a road construction material or to make activated carbon or graphenes, while the non-condensable gases have a good potential to be utilized as heating/energy source.
|
|
| 14. |
- Patel, Alok, Dr. 1989-, et al.
(författare)
-
Bioprospecting of thraustochytrids for omega-3 fatty acids : A sustainable approach to reduce dependency on animal sources
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Trends in Food Science & Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0924-2244 .- 1879-3053. ; 115, s. 433-444
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundsOmega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are examples of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The omega-3 α-linolenic acid and omega-6 linoleic acid cannot be generated by humans and, therefore, are considered essential fatty acids. Long-chain PUFAs, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), can be produced from α-linolenic acid in the human body, but at a level too low to meet daily requirements and must be supplemented through the diet. Daily intake of EPA and DHA reduces the risk of heart disease, Alzheimer's, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and type 2 diabetes; moreover, DHA is essential for proper visual and neurological postnatal development.Scope and approachFish oil and seafood are the widely used as sources of omega fatty acids, which represents a two-fold problem. First, it depletes fish stocks and impacts negatively on the aquatic environment through excessive aquaculture. Second, the growing popularity of veganism and vegetarianism puts these consumers at risk of omega-3 fatty acid deficiency. Hence, alternative sources of long-chain PUFAs for human consumption should be found. Plants produce only a handful of PUFAs, such as linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, γ-linolenic acid, and octadecatetraenoic acid.Key findings and conclusionsThraustochytrids, non-photosynthetic marine microorganisms often mislabeled as ‘algae’, represent a promising commercial source of omega-3 fatty acids due to their high content of PUFAs. In this review, we describe lipid synthesis in thraustochytrids and distinguish it from that of other microorganisms, including proper microalgae. Furthermore, we detail the advances in omega-3 fatty acids production from thraustochytrids at laboratory and industrial scale.
|
|
| 15. |
- Patel, Alok, Dr. 1989-, et al.
(författare)
-
In-depth analysis of waste cooking oil as renewable and ecofriendly biofuel candidate
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Waste-to-Energy Approaches Towards Zero Waste: Interdisciplinary Methods of Controlling Waste. - : Elsevier. ; , s. 87-103
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years, biodiesel as a sustainable, biodegradable, and non-toxic fuel has drawn considerable interest from academics, governments, and industries. However, some feedstocks have been found inefficient or unfeasible owing to their incredibly high cost and their usage mainly as food products. Waste cooking oil (WCO) is considered as the most effective biodiesel feedstock even with its drawbacks, such as its strong free fatty acid (FFA), and water content. The impurities present in WCO can affect the transesterification reaction and biodiesel properties. Apart from this phenomenon, the biodiesel obtained from WCO gives better engine performance and less emissions when tested on commercial diesel engines. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the pretreatment and the usage of WCO in the production of biodiesel using several methods, different types of reactors, and various types and amounts of alcohol and catalysts.
|
|
| 16. |
- Rajendran, Krishna Moorthy, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of Plasto-Oil Blended with Diesel Fuel on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of Partly Premixed Charge Compression Ignition Engines with and without Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 16:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Municipal mixed plastic waste (MMPW) recycling is an innovative way to turn environmental waste into energy fuels. In the present study, a thermochemical process was applied to depolymerize MMPW to produce hydrocarbon fuels known as plasto-oil. The obtained plasto-oil was blended with conventional diesel to test the performance of the PCCI-mode single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct-injection diesel engine. The PCCI combustion mixture was tested with 15% and 30% fuel vapor to ensure homogeneity with and without exhaust gas recirculation. The modified engine findings were compared to a standard conventional engine. At higher loads, PCCI combustion showed reduced emission of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. While the thermal braking efficiency was marginally reduced at all engine loads while using the blends. The results showed that with and without 10% exhaust gas recirculation, an increase in air mix reduced NOx emissions; however, in the case of smoke emissions, an opposite trend was observed. A blend of plasto-oils also decreased CO and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions at higher loads. In conclusion, it was shown that plasto-oils combined with conventional diesel fuel outperformed diesel fuel alone.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Sharma, Amit Kumar, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessment of Sustainable Biogas Production from Co-Digestion of Jatropha De-Oiled Cake and Cattle Dung Using Floating Drum Type Digester under Psychrophilic and Mesophilic Conditions
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Clean Technologies. - : MDPI. - 2571-8797. ; 4:2, s. 529-541
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biodiesel is an emerging alternative fuel that is generally made from edible and non-edible oilseed crops. Jatropha curcus has a high potential for producing biodiesel, which yields 25–35% oil along with 75–65% solid byproduct, generally called a de-oiled cake. The present manuscript deals with the co-digestion of Jatropha de-oiled cake along with cattle dung (1:1 ratio) for biogas production in a floating-type biogas digester. The experimental study was carried out in a modified KVIC biogas plant of 6 cubic meter capacity for 60 days’ retention time under psychrophilic and mesophilic temperature conditions. During all the experiments, the total solid content of the slurry was maintained fixed at 10–12% by mixing 10 kg Jatropha de-oiled cake and 10 kg cattle dung with 80 kg water. The experimental results showed that the average specific biogas production of Jatropha de-oiled cake and cattle dung slurry was observed to be 0.216 m3/kg TS, 0.252 m3/kg VS and 0.287 m3/kg TS, 0.335 m3/kg VS, respectively, under the aforementioned conditions. Moreover, the biogas methane concentration was observed to be 62.33% to 69.16% under mesophilic temperature conditions compared to the psychrophilic temperature conditions, 65.21% to 69.15%, respectively. Furthermore, the average total volatile solids mass removal efficiency of feeding material in the abovementioned process was 7% higher under mesophilic temperature conditions than psychrophilic temperature conditions. Additionally, the results indicated that a total 588.8 kg of input volatile solids produced a total of 7306.56 MJ/m3 and 5177.88 MJ/m3 energy in 60 days under psychrophilic and mesophilic temperature conditions. On the basis of the results, it is concluded that Jatropha de-oiled cake may be a superior solution for improving biogas quality and composition as well as a value-added product, i.e., organic manure.
|
|
| 19. |
- Sharma, Amit Kumar, et al.
(författare)
-
Extraction and Purification of PUFA from Microbial Biomass
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nutraceutical Fatty Acids from Oleaginous Microalgae. - : John Wiley & Sons. ; , s. 249-279
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential for human beings to maintain bio functions that would prevent diseases such as depression, neurological diseases, inflammation, autoimmune diseases and cardiovascular disease. Human beings are unable to synthesize essential PUFAs in the body and therefore, they are taken up from different food sources. The major sources of PUFAs are fish, eggs, milk, fruits and seed oil. However, microbes such as microalgae, bacteria and fungi have good capability for the production of PUFAs under controlled conditions. The establishment of a cost‐effective, reliable and eco‐friendly technique for extraction and purification of PUFAs from microbes is a crucial point. This chapter summarizes and describes the various physico‐chemical methods applied to extract and purify PUFAs from microbes.
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
